DT SO Y KIEN Vf VAN flE BIEN DONG TRONG CHOONG TRiNO VA SACH GIAO KHOA LICH Sff fl T R O O N G PHO THONG ThS TRAN V A N A N H " L ichsti{LS) la mon hpc cd uu Ihetrong viec giao due hpc sinh {HS)velu l[.]
DT SO Y KIEN Vf VANflEBIEN DONG TRONG CHOONG TRiNO VA SACH GIAO KHOA LICH SffflTROONG PHO THONG ThS TRAN V A N A N H " L ichsti{LS) la mon hpc cd uu Ihetrong viec giao due hpc sinh {HS)velu ludng, thai dp; boi duang Idng yeu nude, yeu hda binh, quyet tam bao ve dpe lap, ehu quyen eua dan toe, Trong nhdng nam thang ehienjranh, uu thedd eua bp mon /.Sda dupc p^halhuyplh^psang ngpn Ida yeu nudc va tmyen thdng danh giac gid nudc cua dan tpc biet bao the he ngudl d i n Viet Nam; de hp iLf hao, lu nguyen hi sinli nham baove "dqc lap, chu quyen, thong nha! va toan ven lanh th6\Hhung bai hpc LS rut td qua khucdn gitip^chung la giai quyel cac van de hien tai va tuang lai nude ta hien nay, bien dao dang trd van de rat quan trpng, luy nhien, van de v l n ehua d\!dc de cap nhieu chuang trinh va saeh giao khoa (SGK) /.Sdlrudng phothdng I.VandeBienDongtrongdayhoeLSdtrudng phothong hien Trong LS dau tranh bao ve dpc lap, chu quyen cua dan ldc, Id bai tha "Nam quoc san ha", bai tha dupc coi dd la Ban Tuyen ngon doc lap dau tien cua nudc la cho den Dieu cua Hiep dinh Paris 1973ve cham ddt chien tranh, lap lai hda binh d Viet Nam, ehiJng ta thay mdt tinh than nhat quan ve chu quyen dan tpc, ve "thong nhat va toan ven lanh tho" Lanh thdnudc ta dupe hieu bao gom ca cuang vuc dat lien, vung trdi, vung bien Van de Bien Oong la van de noi com, khdng chi qua khd ma cdn hien lai va tuang lai Tuy nhien, bo mdn LS, van de vln cdn bat cap Quatim hieu chuongtrinh va khao salSGKZ-Stu Idp 6-12,chungtdinhan thay: Chuang trinh LStil-lieu hpe,tnjng hpe casd(fHCS) den trung hpc phothdng (THPT) deu ehua the hien npi dung (trong cac SGK LStdldp 6-9 hien chua eddong (kenh ehd) nao ndi ve ehu quyen cua nudc ta d Bien Odng va hai quan dao Hoang Sa, Trudng Sava hai quan dao ehixuathientrong11tamlupcd6SGKTHCSva7tam lUQb'doSGKTHPTvamdichixuathiendkenhhinh.Vi Vgy, viec khai thae lupe dd de nhan manh ehu quyen cua nudc ta dBien Odng ehua dem lai hieu qua nhu mong mudn SGK LS 10 (ChUPng trinh chuan), Bai27: "Qua trinh dung nudc va giunudc"cunQ khong de cap qua trinh mdrdng cuang vuc dat nude, thdi ki nao, lanh Ihd nude la bao gdm den dau, Trong do, Bai "Trung Quoc thai phong kien" lai ghi ro su banh Irudng lanhthocuanhaOudng: "NhaDudng dem quan lan chiem vung Nqi Mong, chinh phuc Tay Vuc, xam Iddc ban dao Trieu Tien, cung co che do hq dAn Nam (lanh tho Viet Nam hoidd) ep Tay Tang phai than phtjc" {"[) Gdn SGK LS va LS 12, npi dung Tong tien cong va noi day Xuan 1975, tren lupc (kenh hinh) hien Ihi rat rd mui tien cdng Iren bien cua hai quan vabp binh ta giai phdng Trudng Sa, luy nhien cung chua cd ddng nao eua kenh ehu the hien dieu dd, Cdn vdi quan dao Hoang Sa, tuyet nhien khdng co mpt thongtin nao cho biel da giai phdng hay chua, quan dpi nao chiem giuva chiem giu td bao gid; tren lupc cung ehi ven ven ddng chu thieh Quan dao Hoang Sa (Viet Nam) Trong do, su that LS can dupc ton trpng, can dupc phan anh chan thuc nhu da dien ra, Vdi chuang trinh nang cao { c ^ THPT) cung luang tu, ngoai ra, chuyen de tu chpn (cd the bd sung linh hoal) cung khong cd npi dung ve chu quyen bien dao Ro rang, chuang Irinh cua chung ta van cdn desdt npi dung rat quan trpng nay, van de xuyen sudt qua khir, hien tai va luong lai, M uc lieu va npi dung cua bp mdn LS d trudng phd thong cd quan he bien ehdng vdi Hpe LS khdng phaiehide bietquakhd, ma hPn the, phai giup HS van dung kien thuc LS vao giai quyet cac van de hien lgi Tu van de tren, eho thay: HS Viet Nam dupc hpc /.Sid lop 4-12 (9 nam dtn/dng^ phothdng), nhung khdng the cd II le thuyei phuc de giai th ich vakhSng djnh quan dao Hoang SavaTnrdng Sa tren Bien Odng la cua Viet Nam; tham chi nhieu HS hien khdng bietquan dao Hoang Sa vaTardng Sa thupc ve tinh nao d Viet Nam, Viec chua dua van de Bien Odnp vao chuang trinh mdn/.Sdade lai mpt khoang trdng nhgn * Khoa Xa hoi - TnTdng Cao dang sofpham Ha Npi Tap chi Gido dye so 315 (ki - 8/2013) - 35 thdcvdchuquydn bien daoeua nhieu theh^HS Viet Nam Ndueacthdh^HS cua chiing ta dupc trang bj day du kien thde, ve oac eo sd phap li khang djnh ehu quyen Vigt Nam tgi Bien Odng; H o a n g S a , Trudng Sa la eija Viel Nam vdl mdl niem tin sk da thi dd la sde mgnh to Idn, khdng chi vdi viee dau tranh bao ve ehu quyen hien tgi ma edn nuol dudng linh than dau tranh ISu dai Trudc yeu e^u bde thiel dd, cae nha khoa hpc, nha giao due LS da len tieng, bay td sd e^n thidt va tha thiet de nghi Bp GD-OT sdm dUa van de Bien Odng vao dgy hpc chuong trinh LS d trudng phdthdng Gan day, Hqi thao Khoa hqc quoc gia ve day va hoc LS d trudng phothdng (8/2012, Oa Ning), rat nhieu nha khoa hpc, nha giao diie da bay td nhung kien nghi day lam huyet va tha thidt, the hien traeh nhiem ddlvdisi/nghiep giao dgc the helrevevandenay Can thiet dua van de Bien Dong vao day hpc/.Sdtrudng phdthdng Delhay ddl chuong trinh va SGK ISdtrudng phd thdng khdng the thuc hien lap tdc, nhung day dupc coi la van de cap bach, khdng the chgm t r i , Vi vay, de cd the dua van de Bien Odng vao day hpc bdmdn /.Sdtrudng phdthdng eang sdm cang tdl, ehiing Idixincd mol sd kien nghj nhusau: t) Bien phap trudc mat Khi ehua the thay ddi chuong trinh vaSGK LS, BpGD-DTcan nhanh ehdng bien sogn vahudng dan day hpe bdsung van de Bien Odng vao chuang trinh npi khda Van de cdthe xay dinig mdt chu de, bai, tiet hpe; hoac sogn bd sung kem vao npi dung d nhung bai ed lien quan, ed phan anh qua trinh md rpng va xac lap chu quyen lanh Ihd, khai thac hai san, giai phdng lanh tho., Vdi cac Idp 11,12, nen day theo chu de bai; cdn cac Idp dudi, ed the Idng ghep, bd sung vao npi dung Irong ehuong trinh 2} Bifn phap lau dai Trong 16 trinh Xiy diing chuang trinh va bien so^nSGKsau nam 2015, can nghien edu de dua van de Bien Oong vao chuang trinh va SGK i S d t r u d n g phothdng: + VSndidung: Lua ehpn nhdng kien thdc khang dinh chu quydacua Vidt Nam tren bidn Ddng va hai quan dao Hoang Sa, Tardng Sa, eae eupe dau tranh cua nhan dan ta vigc bao vechu quyen bidn dao; + PhUdngphap:0^y hpe vd ehu de^bidn dao theo phuong phap phu hpp d mdi bSe hpc: lieu hpe, nen dgy hpe tieh hpp vdi kien thde Dja Ti, Tieng Viet, Am nhac, Mithu$t vdl each Iruyen tai kien thij'e LS ve bien dap qua nhiing eku ehuy&n LS sinh dpng vahap d i n Cf THCS,Qiao viSi) giup HS tim hieu kien thde qua khai thae eae tai lifu hpc tap, xem phim tu ligu, di tham quan THPT, nen thiet ke bai hpc theo chu de, phat huy tu dpc lap vakha nang nghien cdu cua HS, cdthe tdchdc cho HS Irai nghiem thi/c te Qua thuc te, chung ta ed the rut kinh nghiem de xay dung Chuang trinh va SGK mdi Ching han, xay dung mpt ehuong trinh gdm 'phinkhung ci/)75"(quy djnh mpt each he thdng nhung npidung LS thiet yeu, dn djnh va bii budc) va "phan mem' (nhung ehu de LS ed thethay ddi, bdsung,ti/chpn) "P/jar?/f/)urj£r cumff'dupc bien sogn SGK (tai lieu hoc lap chinh), "ijhan mem'se dupc bien soari cac lap chu de d g y - h p e LS (mpt loai tai lieu hpc tap) Nhu vay, cd nhdng van de LS ndi com, lien quan mat thiet den ddi sdng chinh tri -xa hpi, nhdng tuu mdl, ndi bat cua eae nhanghi§n edu LS, chl can bo sung "phan mem'm khdng can thay doi chuang trinh khung va SGK Oieu vda dap dng duac tinh cap thiet cua van de can bd sung, vda tiet kiem ehi phi dieu ehinh hay thay ddi chuang trinh, SGK Viec lua ehpn va bdsung phan kienftiuc v^Bi&i Bdng vao dgy hpc bp mdn LS d tn/dng ph^ thong, nhim trang bj cho HS nhun^ hieu biet va nhung chdng cdphap li ve chu quyen bien dao cua nudcte; giup cae Ihdhe HS mtS ed niem tin manh Het vao tinh chinh nghia cua minh cupc dau tranh bao ve chu quyen bien dao va tranh thu si/ung hpqudc teve van de Bien Oong Q Ngoai ra, can to chuc hieu qua cac hogt dpng ngoai khda ve van de Bien Ddng eho HS Oe eae hogl dpng thuc su hieu qua, can si/ phdi hpp chat ehe cua giao vien cac mdn hpc LS, Dia li Ngu van, Giao due cong dan theo nguyen t§c lien mdn; hay tich hpp vdl Hoat dqng giao diJC ngoai gid len ldp, Giao diJcAn ninh- Quoc phong, sinh hoat Doan, (1) Phan NgQC Lien (tdng chQ biSn) Lfch si^ 10 NXB Hd; T/ian/i n/en Hinh Ihde tdchdc phai phong phu, Gido due a 2001 thu hiJldupe HS tieh cue tham gia nhu: Ope saeh va TMIi^u tham khdo ke ehuyen, sang tae van tha, hat ve cae chien sT d Bp GD-DT - HOi Khoa hpc Ljeh sO "Hpi th&o khoa Trudng Sa, Thi hteu biet ve ehu quyen bien dao Viet hpc quO'c gia vfi d^y hpc Lich su a truofng phd thfing Nam va bien ve traeh nhiem eua thieu Vi§l Nam" Kiyiu khoa hgc, Dk NSng 8/2012 nien ve van de Bien Odng (Xem0^tmng65) 361 Tgp chi Gido due so 315 -(kil-8/2013) ... cae nha khoa hpc, nha giao due LS da len tieng, bay td sd e^n thidt va tha thiet de nghi Bp GD-OT sdm dUa van de Bien Odng vao dgy hpc chuong trinh LS d trudng phdthdng Gan day, Hqi thao Khoa hqc... TMIi^u tham khdo ke ehuyen, sang tae van tha, hat ve cae chien sT d Bp GD-DT - HOi Khoa hpc Ljeh sO "Hpi th&o khoa Trudng Sa, Thi hteu biet ve ehu quyen bien dao Viet hpc quO''c gia vfi d^y hpc... cdn cac Idp dudi, ed the Idng ghep, bd sung vao npi dung Irong ehuong trinh 2} Bifn phap lau dai Trong 16 trinh Xiy diing chuang trinh va bien so^nSGKsau nam 2015, can nghien edu de dua van de