MOI SO HINH THUG TO CHtfC DANH GIA KET QUA HOC TAP NHOM THEO HirONG BOI DITONG NANG LITC HOP TAG TS NGUYEN TRiEu SON Ngdy nhdn bdi 01/04/2016; ngdy sua chua 04/04/2016; ngay duyet ddng 04/04/2016 f Ab[.]
MOI SO HINH THUG TO CHtfC DANH GIA KET QUA HOC TAP NHOM THEO HirONG BOI DITONG NANG LITC HOP TAG TS NGUYEN TRiEu SONNgdy nhdn bdi: 01/04/2016; ngdy sua chua: 04/04/2016; duyet ddng: 04/04/2016 f Abstract: Currently, assessment of learning results often bases on traditional forms such as homeworks, report presentation, essay writing test etc and these forms not evaluate hilly leamm'' competencies, especially cooperation To improue the quality of assessment of learning results (oward fostering cooperation capacity of learners, the article mentions some rules and suggestions to evaluate group learning outcomes in order to improve quality of education Keywords: Evaluation of learning outcomes, cooperation capacipy, forms of assessment, gmp' learning M pt SO khai niem c a ban 1.1 i/i'danh gia kit qua hgc tap Theo [1], danh gialamptqua trinh dd ehiing ta dua nhijtig ^ia trj hoac an dinh nhirng gia tri cho cai gi dd.Dac diem quan trpng cua sudanh gia la kha nang xet doan Oanh gia mang tinh dinh Iupng Haycdthendi:Danhgialaviec dua nhdng ket luan nhan djnh, phan xetvetrinh dp, ve ketqua cua cdng viee, dua vao suphan tich nhdng thdng tin thu dUdc, doichieu vdi nhdng muc tieu,tieu chida dua ra,nh&m dexuat nhdng quyetdjnh thieh hpp decai bien thuc trang, nang cao chat Iupng va hieu qua edng viee Nhuvay, danh gia la mptquatrinh gom haibudc: 1} Kiem tra, so lieu thu thap tuviee sudyng mpthoac mptchudi bai kiem tra; 2) Xet doan ve trinh dp, hieu qua theo muc tieu dera Danh giaketquahpc tap lamptquatrinh thu thap va li giai kip thdi, cd he thong cac thdrig tin ve hien trang,khananghay nguyen nhan veketquahpc tap, lam cP so de (Jeu^chinh, bo sung nhifng giai phap nang cao hieu qua d?y va hoc, ghi chep, luu gid va cung OEi'pJhong tin vesutienbp eua hpc sinh (HS) trong^sudt qua trinh day hpc Viec danli gia ket qua hpctapkhongchikiemtrakhanangtaihienkienthLJ'e da hpc, ma cdn chii trpng kha nang van dung sang tao Irilhdcvaonhffngtinhhud'ng iing dung khac Danh gia ket qua hoc tap cua HS thudng thdng qua cac hinh thdc kiem tra, thi cd nhitm xem xet ket quacuahS sau mptthdigian nhatdjnh, hoac danh giasutienbpcuaHSquacachoatdpnghpctipdupc phanjioi, hoac khuyen khich HS tham gia'tudanh gia de dieu chinh each hoc, nang cao chat Iupng hpc tap, Theo[2],cdngtacdanhgiaketquahoetapkhdng don thuan chi la viec thu thap cac thdng tin ve chat Iupng hpctap cua HSmacdntaora cac cphavathuo day qua trinh hpc tap cua HS Cd hai yeu cau cua cdngtae danh giaketquahpctap can dupc quan Sm la; 1) Danh gia phai cung cap dupc nhdng ket luan hoac suy luan dang tin va cdy nghia v l ketqua hgctSp cua HS; 2) Danh gia phai Siuc day viec hgc va nang cao chat Iupng hpc tap cua HS 1.2 Venang Itic hop tac Theo [3] thi nangjuc gom nhihig kha nang vaki xao hpc 6\iqz hoac san cdcuacathenharn giaiquy^ cac tinh huong xac djnh, cung nhu susin sangve dpng cp.xa hpi vakha nang van dung cac each giai quyet van de mot each cd tracli nhiem va hieu qua nhdng tinh huong linh hoat Nangluchoptacco thecoilanhimg kTnang, kTxao vekhanangtircfnglac cua ca nhan vdi ca nhan, ca nhan vdltap the viectd'chdc,quanlivathuchiencachoatdgnqnhdm mot each thao, linh hoat, sang tao nham giai quyetnhiemvy chung mdtcachedhieuqua Dinh hudng chuong trinh giao ducphothongsaii nam 2015, theo [4], da xac djnh nang li/c hpp tac la mpttrong nhung nang iLreeotldimaHScanphlioo, thehienqua khanang lam viec hieu quacuacanhSn trongmoiquanhevditapthe,trongmoiquanhetirc(ng trp lan de eung dat tdi mot m uc tieu chung 2.Cacquy tac danh giaketquahpctlpnhom theo hudng tang cu-dng nang luc hop tac Nhdm la mpt tap hpp HS bao gom mpi so vien {soluongtuytheo nhiem vu),cungthuchi?nmat nhiem vu hoc tap chung.'Thdng thudng HS trong^ mdt Idp se dutfc chia cac nhdm nho hPn i\ thuan Ipi cho vide phan cdng va kiem tra cong vi&;.Vi '^j Mnrdngfiaitigc Tay Bac I 361 Tap chi Giao due s6 382 (ki 2-512016) vay viec xac djnh cac quy t4c danh gia ket qua hpc t|p ^*^f ? ^!^^"^ ^ ° ' ^ ° ' P^^i dua vao ket qua lam viec cua mdi ca nhan va cua ca nhom Theo chiing toi, cd quy tac CP ban sau: ^ Quy tie V Danh gia ket qua cua mdi HS tren cP sd nhung ddng gdp cua hp qua trinh hoc tap Chung vdi cac vien khac Viec danhgia nhuvay se hieu qua hon nhieu so vdi danh gia rieng tdng ca nhan va ngan ngda dupc tinh trang thieu trung thuc khilambajkiem tra O u y / a c ^ D a n h gia cac hoatddng cua nhdm va cac vien can tien hanh thudng xuyen, lien tuc bSng cae hinh thdc lam bai tap dnha, bai kiem tra viet, baocaothuyettrinh mieng Quy tie 3: HS phai tham gia tare tiep vao viec danh gia muc dp hpc tap cua minh (tu danh gia} va cac viSn khac nhdm de toi da hoa viec hpc cua mpi vien nhdm Tao dieu kien de moi HS bpc Ipttiuc chatkha nang va trinh dp cua minh Quy tac 4: Ap dung mpt he thong danh gia chuan phiihppvdihpctheo nhdm, tranhsuso sanh vemdc dp tich giua HS vi kieu so sanh nhuvay nhieu lam giam dpng cohpc tap cua HS Tranh danh gia chung chung ve sutien bp cua nhdm, tranh nhung nhan djnh chu quan, ap dat, thid'u can cd QuyticS: Van dyng mpt each linh hoat cac hinh thdc danh gia hpc tap deed thong tin chinh xac vechatlUdng hpc tap cua HS Qu/(ac6:Danhgiaphaidambaoyeu cau danh gia toan dien, dam bao tinh he thong, coke hoach, thudng xuyen Ketqua kiem tra, danh gia phai dupe cong bd' kip thdi, phai duac ghi chep vao ho so, sosach S.Mptsohinhthuctochuc danh gia ket qua hpc tap nhom theo hudng tang cuong nang luc hgp tac 3.1 Tochuc danh gia thong qua viec lam bai tap a nha M6i bai tap ve nha, giao vidn (GV) phai danh gia ^\sqc chat Iupng viee lam bai tap cua tung vien Idp, biet HS da lam va chua lam dupe nhdng gi Hinh thdc danh gia cd the dupc tienhanhnhusau: - Cac vien nop ket qua lam viec d nha cua minh theo nhdm Nhdm trudng se dua k^t qua dd cho tdng vien cho khdng cd lai nhan dupc chinh bai lam cua minh -Cac nhdm tien hanh danh gia bai tap dnhatheo cap dua tren bai lam vda nhan dupc, tdng cap nen tr^o doi vai trd thong qua dap an tdng cau hay tdng (ki2'5/2016) bai de darn bao tinh khach quan Nhdng ndi dung khong nhat tri, ca hai vien can thao lu^n va thdng nhat dap an Can ghi chep can than ket qua danh gia Trong luc kiem tra cac bai tap, cung nhu mpi hoat dpng hpc tap theo nhdm, vai trd cua GV la di td nhdm den nhdm khac nghe giai thich va dap an, cd the hoi ngau nhien mpt HS nao dove dap an cua bai tap, de dam bao ring cd dupc su nhait tri cao, cd trach nhiem vdlviec hpc tap - Sau tdng cap danh gia xong, yeu cau cac vien nhdm tap tnjng lai de nghe ket qua danh gia viec lam bai tap cua minh, thd'ng nhattrong nhom GV idng hpp va dua ket luan danh gia 3.2 Tochuc danh gia thong qua bai kiem tra viei ttr luan Cae budc tien hanh nhu sau: -HS chuan bj eho kiem tra theo cae nhdm hpc tap ^ d n g qua nhung eau hoi dn tap cho tnrdc N h i ^ vu cua HS la trao doi tdng cau hoi dn tap va di den thong nhat cau tra Ic^ Myc tieu la de dam bao cac vien nhdm nam bSt dupc dap an mot each chinh xac - Mdi HS tulam bai kiem tra rieng, chep hai ban dap an, nop mdt ban cho GVva gid lai mpt ban de ttiaoluantrongnhdm - HS trinh bay bai kiem tra trudc nhdm Nhiem vu la de tim dupc cau tra Idi mpt each chinh xac M uc tieu lade chac ch^n rang mpi vien cua nhdm nam dupc kien thuc va cac van de xuat hien bai kiem tra -HStudanhgiabailam cua minh va dd'i chieu vdi ketqua danh gia cua GV 3.3 Tochuc danh gia thong qua trinh bay bao cao thuyet trinh Khi G V yeu cau HS trinh bay bao cao thuyet trinh, cac nhdm hpc taped the ddng vai trd giup mdi vien ehuan bi de trinh bay va tao moi trudng ma qua dd HS cd the nhin nhan lai ket qua da dat dupc Cac bude tien hanh nhusau; - Phan chia HS Idp vao eac nhdm Dua chu de, de bai hoac de HS tuchpn chu de ma hose trinh bay trudc Idp Quy djnh thdi gian vatal lieu dupc sddung (neu can) dechuan bj bao cao - (3V chi djnh HS mpt nhdm bat ki trinh bay baocaothuyettrinh - Sau nghe trinh bay xong, cac vien se danh gia va nop phieu danh gia cua minh cho nhdm cua hp - Cac vien nhdm cung xem eac phieu danh gia va thd'ng nhat ket qua danh gia Cac Tap chi Gido due so 382 37 can lua ehpn hinh thflc va ndi dung danh gia ket qua phu hpp vdi tflng doi tupng HS Danh gia ketqua hoc tap ca nhan dua tren qui Nhiing luu y n h l m nSng cao hieu qua cua trinh danh gia ket qua hpc lap nhdm, ddng tiiSqua cachinhthiic danhgia ketquahpctap nhom theo trinh danh giathpng qua nhdm khdng toailioaiiot nhu cau danh gia ca nhan Si/hpp taclhanli(»iig huong tang cuong nang luc ho;p tac cho HS GVkho CO thedanhgiamoi ket quahpc t|p(nhij xuat phat tfl sflthdng nhat cua mdi vien tmng miic dp lap luan, si/tinh thong viec giai quyet nhdm de hoan tdtnhidmvuva moitiianfivien mgi van de, viec thay doi nhan thiic) qua cac seed ketqua lam vijc tdt hon so vdi Ihuc hien canlian hinhthiic danh gia tnjyen thong Nhung vacachinh Danh gia nhflng no Iflc ea nhan cho phep cacfcanii thiJctochiic danh giaketquahpclap dadexuat,GV vien nhdm giup dfl, trp giiip va ing hp CO the danh gia nhiing ket qua quan trpng bing quatrinh hpc tap each theo doi HS vanhom hoatdpng Irong moi trudng Nliflng thdng tin chinh xac venhOng kienltiiiinii hop tac Do vay, m6l hinh thiic danh gia, GV HS nim dflpc va chua nSm dupc la rat quan Ims pliai cong bo lieu chiseap dung dedanh gia viec thuc Irong qua trinh danh gia Khi HS lam viec coHnhliop hien ciia HS vade ke hoach thu thap nhflng thong tac, HS phai dfla nhfln^i y kiai cua IJan than,dii lin mpt each culhelren cosohudng dan HS each phep GV can thiep can thiet giiip HS siia chua thiicthamgiadanhgia nhunp nhan Ihuc sai lam, dieu chinh each giaiquy^vffli Sau GV danh gia ket qua hpc tap cua HS thi dede hoan cdng viec dupc giao.QdikhiGVcan phaitiS'n hanh phan loai dpi tupng HS vi danh gia la ling nphe HS giai thich tnrdc can thigp de hieu ifi xem xetcacdfllieu dattiu thap dupc Phan Icai las§p hdn venhOng hudng din,nhlcl^i nhiing each thiil;,B xep HS vao cac nhcm doi tupng cung dat dupc tieu nang hoan cdng viec Khdng canthigp khikhong chidanh gia nhu Mac dii GVcctheap dung dfl thuc sflcan thiet Can lya ehpn nao thicaritiiep,kill lieu danh gia dequyel djnh phan loai nhung muc tieu nao thi khdng va coi dd la mdt phan nghetliual chinh ciia danh gia la de HS biet dupc da dat dupc giang day Khi can thiep,GV nen neu lainpidungdanii nhung lieu chi naochiirkhong phai la dupc phan loai gia, sau ddyeu cau cac vien xac djnh lai CECh liic sao.Go nhuvay HSmcfitunhanthi/c dupe nhflng hpp tae, de xuat hinh thflc danh gia phii hpp nhom phaighichep day (Ju cac ketquadanhgia sau khida t l ong nhatvanop cho GV GV tong hop va ket luanketquadanhgia ^ , , uu diem, han checua ban than vaban betrong nhom, GVcdthekhuye'n khich kT nang tudanh gia bjng tildotim cac giai phap khac phuc hieu qua nhat each yeu cau mdlHS tudanh giamfle thudng xuyen Trong cac hinh thflctcchue danh gia ket qua hpe ket qua hpc tap cua ban than (va cac vien khac] lap truyen thong, GV phai dpc tatca cac bai lam cda qua trinh hoat ddng nhdm Mptcachdlin HS va phai dua nhflng thong tin phan hoi Viec lam hanh dieu la phat cho cac vien moi nhom thudng chiem nhieu the* gian va cac phan hoi mpt ban tudanh gia bao gdm cac cau hoichomoica Ihuctng chung chung, ap dat theo mpt chieu tfl GV nhan tudanh gia ban than den HS Trong cac hinh thuc danh gia ketqua hpc tap Viec su dung cac hinh thflc td'chfle danh gia ka nhcm, GV chidong vai tro la ngucri hudng din,trpng tai, ket luan cac ketqua danh gia cua cac nhcm Nhd quahpc nhdm tap nhfldexuatdtrendoihoiGVpha vao viec thao luan, tranh luan nhom ma mdi HS sip xep thdi gian hpp li, du de'tien hanh hoatijpnj se nhan thiic dung d j n ve ketqua hpc tap cua minh, danhgiavaHSdacdkTnangcobanvlhpchsplac ddng thdi nang cap dupc kha nang tu danh gia Sieu nhdm Bcng thdi, each thflc td chfle danh gianWlay dp khdng ed nghia lam giam di sutham gia eua GV se gdp phan phat trien nang li/c hpp tac, hirih liianli quatrinh danh gia bdi vi GV v l n phai ch iu trach thdiquenliidanh gia quatrinh hpc tap ciia HS,naig nhiem theoddi_ch|tchesflhpp tac nhdm vacan thiep cao chat Iupng day hpc nha trudng 13 can thiet de dieu chinh hudng dan Bay chinh la T^i li^u tham klido dieu khac bietso vditnjdc day [1] Allan C O.Thomas I L(1997) CdcctiKnlm Viec HS tham gia danh gia nhlm nang cao ket dgd^yhoc cd hiiu qud Loyola University ofChicajo qua hpc tap ca nhan, tang nang luc hpp tac nhdm Press, USA Tuy nhien HS chua the tham gia mpt each day dii [2J BO GD-DT (2015) Dif Mo Chums rri«* C* vao viec danhgiavichua dupc trang IjjdukT nang va dl^c ph6 Ihdng long Ih^ cdn phai danh thdi gian cho viec hpc tkp Do dd GV 381 Tap chi Giao due so 382 (kl2-5/201S), ... lam viec d nha cua minh theo nhdm Nhdm trudng se dua k^t qua dd cho tdng vien cho khdng cd lai nhan dupc chinh bai lam cua minh -Cac nhdm tien hanh danh gia bai tap dnhatheo cap dua tren bai lam... Ipttiuc chatkha nang va trinh dp cua minh Quy tac 4: Ap dung mpt he thong danh gia chuan phiihppvdihpctheo nhdm, tranhsuso sanh vemdc dp tich giua HS vi kieu so sanh nhuvay nhieu lam giam dpng cohpc... thdi, phai duac ghi chep vao ho so, sosach S.Mptsohinhthuctochuc danh gia ket qua hpc tap nhom theo hudng tang cuong nang luc hgp tac 3.1 Tochuc danh gia thong qua viec lam bai tap a nha M6i