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Tgp chi Khoa hpc Ngogi ngu Sd 35 (IhSng 6 nam 2013) MQT so BAT CAP TRONG VIEC OANH GIA KET QUA HOC TAP CUA SINH VIEN TIENG ANH a MOT SO TRUdNG OAI HOC Doan Quang Trung'''' Trong nhO ng ndm gin day d ede[.]
Tgp chi Khoa hpc Ngogi ngu- Sd 35 (IhSng nam 2013) MQT so BAT CAP TRONG VIEC OANH GIA KET QUA HOC TAP CUA SINH VIEN TIENG ANH a MOT SO TRUdNG OAI HOC Doan Quang Trung' Trong nhO-ng ndm gin day d ede trwang dai hgc, cdng tdc kiim tra - ddnh gid nd chung vd danh gid kit qud hoc tap not rieng da nhan dwgc sw quan tdm nhiiu han vd d dwac thwc hien tdt hon nhiiu so v&i trw&c ddy Tuy nhien theo nhdn dinh ciJa nhiiu ehuydn gia viec danh gia kit qud hgc tdp & nhiiu trwCfng d^i hgc vdn edn nhiiu bit cdp, chwa ddp Crng dwac yeu ciu vd nhi$m vg cua cdng tdc ndy Bdi viit ndy tdp trung phd tieh tie g6e nhin ehuydn mdn mdt s6 bit cdp vide thg-e hien ddnh gid kit qud hg cue sinh vien tiing Anh a mQt sd trwang d?i hgc vd dwa mgt s6 gai j? nhdm khde phu nhO'ng bit cdp d6 This article focuses on the analysis of several problems commonly encountered the testing and assessment of students' achievements at the tertiary level It is hoped th the suggestions made in this article would help solve the problems and thus would improve the quality of the testing and assessment of the English language in tertiary educational institutions in Vietnam Dat van de Trong bdi canh hdi nhap hien nay, viec day va hpe tieng Anh d Viet Nam thuc sy dang biing nd ma cd hang ngdn ca sd dao tao dang hoat ddng tren khap ca nudc, cung edp dii cdc loai hinh dao tao cho ngudi hgc tiing Anh Trong sd hdng ngan co sd dao tao cung cdp eac djch vu day va hgc tieng Anh, thi cac trudng dai hgc ddng mgt vai trd vd cung quan trgng Cimg voi sy phat triln manh me cua viec day va hgc tiing Anh, ITnh vyc kiem tra - ddnh gia nang lyc tiing Anh ciing ngdy cang dugc quan tam han, ThS., Khoa ti4ng Anh, Tru-o-ng Dai hoc Ha Npi nhieu trudng dai hpc da xay dung cho minh cac trung tdm chuyen vl khao thi vdi muc dieh nang cao chdt luong ciia cdng tac kiem tra ddnh gia Nhilu trudng eung da thye hien ddnh gia kit qua hpc tap ciia sinh vien theo chuan ddu da djnh dya tren Khung tham chilu chung chdu Au vl ngdn ngii (CEFR) Tuy nhien, theo y kien cua nhilu gidng vien thi cdng viec ddnh gid kit qua hge tap cua sinh vien tiing Anh d nhilu trudng dai hpc hiSn cdn nhilu bdt cap, chua thuc su phdn dnh mdt each chinh xac kit qua hpc tap cua ngudi hpc, chua tao co hpi cho sinh vien phdt huy sy chu dpng va kha nang sang tao cua minh cung nhu chua cd Doan Quang Trung tdc dpng tich cue thiic ddy viec day vd hpc tieng Anh Them vao do, chat lugng dpi ngii nhirng ngudi thyc hien cdng viec kiem tra danh gia ciing chua dap iing dugc yeu cdu va nhiem vu cua cdng tac Mpt bat cap khde khdng the khdng ke den la ket qud ddnh gid thudng dugc xem nhu dich den cudi cimg chit chua dugc xem nhu la mgt cdng eu phdn anh chat lugng gidng day va hgc tap de tit dd lanh dao cac trudng va giang vien dua cac dieu chinh ve mat chuang trinh, gido trinh, phuang phap giang day Bai viet xin dugc dua mpt so nhan xet, ehu yeu tir gdc nhin chuyen mdn, ve mot sd bdt cap viee ddnh gid ket qud hpc tap ciia sinh vien tieng Anh d mdt sd trudng dai hpc va dua mpt so de xuat ggi y vdi hi vpng gdp phan khac phuc nhung bat cap ciia cdng tac de viec ddnh gia phan anh trung thuc hon ket qud hpe t$p ciia sinh vien vd ket qud ddnh gia dugc sir dung hieu qua hon, gdp phan ndng cao chdt lugng day va hgc ciia sinh vien tieng Anh Mot so bat cap Trong phan nay, ngudi viet xin trinh bay mpt sd bat cap thudng gap viec thuc hien ddnh gid ket qua hpc tap cua sinh vien tieng Anh d mdt sd trudng dai hpc 2.1 Kit qud ddnh gid chwa phdn dnh chinh xdc kit qud hpc tap cua sinh vien Nhu da de cap d phan tren, hien TRAO D | - T H N G TIN cdng tdc kiem tra danh gid tieng Anh da dugc cac trudng quan tam nhieu hon, va nhiing nam gdn day viec danh gid ket qua hpc tap ciia sinh vien tieng Anh nhin ehung da cd nhiing ti8n bd ddng ke Tuy vay, cdng viec khong phai liic ndo cQng dugc thuc hien tdt va kit qud danh gid khdng phdi liic nao cung phan dnh trung thue ket qua hgc tap thye tl ciia sinh vien Nguyen nhdn ciia tinh trang cd nhieu, xet tir gdc nhin chuyen mon va vdi thuc te hien Id viec danh gid chu yeu dugc thyc hien dudi hinh thiic cac bai kiem tra (trac nghiem hoac ty luan), nhin chung eac van de van lien quan den ba giai doan ehinh quy trinh thi: de thi, coi thi va chdm thi Trude het, vdn de lien quan den viec de thi Hien van cdn hien tugng nhieu giang vien va sinh vien thudng gpi la "hpc mdt dang, thi mdt neo" Su khde biet giira "hpc" va "thi" d day bao ham ca khia canh ndi dung vd hinh thiie kiem tra Cd hpc ky sinh vien dugc hpc viet doan van tieng Anh (paragraph writing) vd yeu cau cua viec danh gia Id phai dugc nang lyc viet doan van ciia sinh vien Tuy nhien, de thi lai gdm phan: (1) xdy dung cau (sentence building); (2) ddi cau (sentence transformation); vd (3) viet doan van (paragraph writing) Trong dd, phan viet doan vdn chi chiem khodng 30% tdng diem vd thdi gian lam bai Mgt de thi nhu vay khdng the mpt each 117 T?p chi Khoa hpc Ngoai ngu- chinh xac ndng lyc vilt doan van thyc sy cua sinh vien Khdng nhung thi, viec dl thi theo each cd nhirng dnh hudng tieu cue din gidng day vd hpc tap Nhilu giang vien vd sinh vien khdng tap trung vao viee day va hpe cac npi dung chuang trinh, giao trinh ma thay vdo dd hp quan tam tim hieu loai bdi kiem tra se nhu thi nao (gidng dang bai Cambridge Tests, lELTS hay TOEFL ) Sau dd, gidng vien gidi thieu vdi sinh vien nhung loai bai kiim tra ed the dugc su dung va sinh vien ciing danh phdn ldn thdi gian luyen tap theo eae dang bai nay, myc dich la lam dat ket qud cao ky thi Vi lai ed hien tugng de thi nhu vay? Nguyen nhdn ed nhieu, nhung mdt nhung nguyen nhan rat ed the la ngudi de da chua thyc sy phan biet rd rang giiia hai loai hinh danh gia: ddnh gid ndng luc (proficiency assessment) va ddnh gid kit qud (achievement assessment) Ddnh gid nang lyc nhdn manh vao viec de xac dinh nang luc the hien ngdn ngir cua ngudi hgc md khdng quan tam nhieu den viec ngudi hgc theo chuong trinh nao, khda hgc nao hay d co sd dao tao nao Theo quan dilm thi ede dang bdi Cambridge Tests, lELTS hay TOEFL vl co ban thudc loai bai kiim tra nang lyc (proficiency tests) Trong dd, ddnh gia kit qud hpc tap lai nhan manh vdo viec xac djnh xem ngudi hgc da dat dugc nhimg gi dua theo mue 118 S6 35 (thiing nam 2013) tieu va ndi dung cua mdt khda hgc cu the (Brindley, 2001, tr 137; Hughes, 1989, tr 11-15) Do dd, bai kiem tra ket qud hgc tap cua sinh vien (achievement tests) ciing can phdi cd sy khac biet vdi bai kiem tra nang lyc ngdn ngii ndi chung (proficiency tests) Trd lai vdi dS thi da neu d phdn tren, viec dua phan (xay dyng cau - sentence building) va phan (doi cau - sentence transformation) vao bai ddnh gid sinh vien hgc viet doan van (paragraph writing) cho thdy rat cd the ngudi de da xay dyng bdi kiem tra theo mpt sd phdn bai thi Cambridge Tests Tuy nhien, nhu da phan tich, dang bai Cambridge Tests la dang bai kiem tra nang lyc ndi chung, khdng phai bdi kiem tra ket qud Ro rdng, ket qua eua nhiing cdng cu danh gia khdng dung muc dich, khdng diing ddi tugng nhu vay khdng the phan anh mot each trung thyc va chinh xac ket qua hpc tap cua sinh vien Van de thudng xay ngudi de thi khdng phdi la gidng vien true tiep giang day, khdng nam chac muc tieu vd npi dung cua chuong trinh dao tao Yeu cau ciia mpt bai kiem tra kit qua hgc tap la can phai dugc xay dyng dua tren muc tieu va cdc ndi dung cu the cua khda hpc Ngudi thiet ke de thi dd cdn phdn biet ro hai khdi niem danh gia nang luc vd danh gid ket qua va can tranh cdp nhat cac phan cua mdt bai kiim tra nang luc lam npi dung cho mpt bai kiim tra kit qud hgc tap Doan Quang Trung Ket qua danh gia chua phdn anh trung thuc nang luc thyc sy cua sinh vien khdng chi bdi viec de thi chua tdt ma cdn vi cdng tac coi thi ciing chua dugc thyc hien diing theo quy djnh Vdi hinh thiic kiem tra trie nghiem va ty luan dang dugc dp dung bien nhu hien nay, viec thi ddng mdt vai trd vd ciing quan trpng Cong tac eoi thi dugc thuc hien tot hay khdng tdt cd the lam thay ddi hodn toan kit qud danh gia Viec ap dung hinh thiic kiem tra trac nghiem, vdn chi ddi hdi sinh vien lya chpn nhiing eau trd ldi cd san, se rdt dl dan den hien tugng quay edp va sinh vien ed the thyc hien hdnh vi thdi gian rdt ngan Ngay ca ddi vdi hinh thiic thi tu luan, hien tugng sinh vien chep bai cua ciing rat phd bien Rdt nhieu giang vien phan anh rang chdm cac bai thi tu luan, rat nhieu bdi thi cd cau tra ldi gidng nhau, gidng den timg cau, timg chii, thdm chi cd nhiing cau trd ldi sai mdt each "ngd ngan" cung gidng Ddy rd rang la van de dang de luu tam va cung phan dnh mdt thuc te la viec trdng thi chua dugc thuc hien tdt Ro rang, nhiing van de nhu vay sinh cong tdc trdng thi se gdp phan ldm cho ket qua danh gid phdn anh khdng chinh xdc ndng lyc va ket qud hpc tap thyc sy eiia sinh vien Ndi den viec thieu ehinh xac ket qua ddnh gid, khdng the khdng ndi den cac van de viec chdm thi, yeu to quyet djnh den ket qua ddnh gia se nhu TRAO D | - T H N G T I N the ndo Dii thdi gian gan ddy, cdng tac cham thi dd dugc cai thien nhung vdn cdn nhieu vdn de, edn phai dugc rut kinh nghiem de thuc hien tdt hon Ngudi viet bdi xin dugc phan tich mgt each ehi tiet hon cdc van de ndy sinh lien quan den khau cham thi d phdn 2.4 Doi ngu thuc hien cong tdc hem tra - ddnh gid Tdm lai, dii vi ly gi thi viec ket qud ddnh gid chua chinh xdc, chua phdn dnh trung thuc nang lyc vd ket qud hgc tap thuc su cua sinh vien tieng Anh d mpt sd trudng dai hpc la cd that, can dugc khac phuc, can dugc cdc trudng vd nhung ngudi thyc hien cdng tde kiem tra - danh gid quan tam hon niia 2.2 Muc dick thuc su cUa ddnh gid khong dttffc dam bdo qud trinh thuc hien vd ket qud ddnh gid chiea duac su dung mpt each hieu qud Ddy chinh la bat cap thu hai ciia cdng tde ddnh gid ket qud hgc tap eua sinh vien tieng Anh d mpt sd trudng dai hpc Khi ndi den danh gia gido due, ngoai viee phai hieu khdi niem danh gia, ngudi thyc hien cdng tde ndy luon phdi xac dinh ro mue dieh vd cdc muc tieu ciia viec ddnh gia Trong sudt qud trinh thyc hien edng tdc kiem tra - danh gia, nhiing ngudi lien quan cdn phai bam sat vdo nhiing muc tieu da dat Dil quan diem cita cac chuyen gia ed the ed nhiing khac biet nhung tyu trung, viec danh gia ket qua hpc tap van xoay Tap chi Khoa hoc Ngoai ngu" quanh nhung muc tieu chinh sau: • Xac nhan kit qua hpc tap hoac su tiln bp ciia ngudi hpc; hoac xac dinh miic dp cdng ddi vdi muc tieu giao due ciia ca sd dao tao; • Xip loai trinh dp ngudi hpc vd xep hang mdt co sd dao tao; Cung cdp thong tin phan hdi de dieu chinh viec day \ lec hpc va cac chinh sdeh giao due cho phii hgp vd kip thdi (Brindley 2001 tr 138; Genesee 2001.tr 146) DCi danh gid dugc thye hien theo hinh thirc ddnh gid tien Irinh (formative assessment) hay ddnh gid long ket (summali\c assessment), thi cac muc tieu cu the ciing deu dugc xdc dinh ro rang Danh gia tien trinh la loai hinh danh gia thudng dupc giao vien sir dung qua trinh gidng day Muc dich ciia danh gid tien Irinh la sir dung ket qud ciia ddnh gia de xem xet mire dp thdnh cdng ciia viec day \a hpc xac djnh khd khan hay thuan lgi de tir dua nhimg dieu chinh kjp thdi nham nang cao chdt lugng day va hgc Ddnh gia tien trinh nen dirge thyc hien thudng xuyen va lien tue qud trinh da\' va hgc Khac vdi danh gia tiln trinh danh gia tdng kel thudng dugc thuc hien vao cuoi hpc ky, nam hpe hay khda hgc Muc dich ciia loai hinh danh gia la nham tong ket nhung gi sinh vien da dat dugc \cp loai hpc vien, xac djnh mire dd cong cua khda hpe, eiia viec day va S6 35 (thang nam 2013) hpc de tir dd dinh eac muc tieu cho tuong lai (Brindley 2001 tr 137) Nhu vdy, dil Id loai hinh ddnh gid nao thi cung cd nhiiing muc tieu rat ro rang, vd cudi cung deu hudng den mdt muc dich Id giiip nang cao chat lugng day va hgc tuong lai Tuy nhien thye te thue hien cdng viee kiem tra - danh gia, nhieu liic nhirng ngudi thyc hien da khdng dat dupc nhtrng muc tieu Ndi each khac, mpt sd muc tieu ciia ddnh gia bj lu md dan qua trinh thye hien O mdt sd co sd dao tao, viec thyc hien kiem tra - ddnh gid don thudn chi la vi chuang trinh dao tao yeu cdu, hpc vien hpc xong mdt mon hpc/hpc phdn cdn cd mdt ket qud hay mgt "dau diem" cho mdn hpe/hge phan Liic dd, diem sd nhu la dich den cuoi ciing ddi vdi rdt nhieu sinh vien Rd rang, hieu theo each thi muc dich cudi cung ciia kiem tra ddnh gid da bi thay ddi Ci mgt sd trudng dai hgc, cdng viec ddnh gid dudng nhu ket thiie sau da c6 ket qud ddnh gia va xep loai sinh vien Ket qua eiia viec danh gia khdng dugc sir dung nhu mdt sy tdng ket, mpt kenh thdng tin phdn hdi, soi rpi lai qua trinh ddo tao riit nhung kinh nghiem, de tir dd dua nhung dieu chinh phii hgp, kjp thdi nham nang cao chat lupng ciia cong tac gidng day va hpe tap Nhir vdy, muc deu ldn thir ciia danh gid da bj bd qua va ket qua danh gia da khong dugc su dung hieu qua va dung muc dieh Doan Quang Trung 2.3 Lam dung logi htnh kiem tra trdc nghiem khach quan Bat cap thii ba chinh la viec ap dung tran lan phircmg phdp ddnh gid trdc nghiem khach quan (objective assessment) ma khdng can nhac ky ludng xem phuong phap cd thye su phu hgp va hieu qua hay khdng Trong dd, cd nhiing phucmg phap danh gia tien tien thi hdu nhir khong dugc dp dung hoac tham chi hoan toan bj bd qua TRAO D | - T H N G TIN hpc vien thu dgng, thieu sang tao the hien nang lyc ciia minh Ket qud ddnh gia theo hinh thirc trac nghiem khach quan cung khdng the hien mdt each tryc tiep nang luc ciia hpe vien ma chi the hien gian tiep va dd tinh gia tri (validity) ciia cac bai kiem tra loai thudng khdng cao Do phuong phap trac nghiem khach quan cd nhirng nhugc diem nhu vdy nen hien d nhieu nen giao due tien tien Nhu ehiing ta deu biet, mdt nhu My, Anh, Uc vd eac nudc Tay Au, nhung nhiem vu cua giao due dai hpc hien phuang phdp ddnh gid thuc (authentic ia giiip sinh vien chii dpng hon, sang assessment, performance-based assessment) tao hon Tuy nhien d nhieu trudng dai hpc dang dugc sir dung nhu mot phuong phdp viec ddnh gia ket qua hgc tap vdn ehii yeu bo trg hoac thay the eho phuong phap trac dugc thuc hien theo each truyen thdng nghiem khdeh quan va dang chiing td dudi hinh thirc cac bai kiem tra trae dugc tinh hieu qua ciing nhu gia trj cua nghiem khdeh quan (objective tests), vdn minh Theo Wiggins (1990, tr 1) phuang it ddi hdi sy chu ddng vd sang tao d ngudi phap kiem tra ddnh gia dua tren thi hpc Hien hinh thiic ddnh gia hien thuc te cua sinh vien de hoan dang dugc dp dung trdn lan d khap cac co mdt nhiem vu duge giao (task) Do dd, no sd dao tao tren ca nudc nen cum tir "thi mang lai ket qua danh gia tryc tiep han va trac nghiem" da trd nen vd ciing quen cd nhieu uu diem vugt trpi so vdi cac thupe ddi vdi sinh vien tieng Anh d Viet phuong phap truyen thdng Ddnh gid thyc Nam Khdng the phu nhdn nhung uu diem ddi hdi sinh vien phai hoan thdnh mpt ciia loai hinh danh gid nay: chinh xac nhiem vu mdt edch chii dpng va sang tao, cham, khach quan de chdm vd tiet kiem nhu viec tu minh tao mgt san pham, Tuy nhien mgt sd chuyen gia eho rang chir khdng nhu phuang phdp trdc nghiem nhiing bai kiem tra loai thudng ehi khach quan, vdn chi yeu cdu sinh vien han che d viec danh gid cdc kt nang tu nhan biet vd tdi hien ndi dung bang each bac thap ma khdng dirge cdc ki chpn mgt cdu trd ldi diing Danh gia nang tu bac cao (Nguyen Dire Chinh thyc cung ddi hdi sinh vien phai trinh bay 2008 tr 2) Ngodi ra, nhieu y kiln cho mdt vdn de thuc mdt the gidi thyc rang loai hinh kiem tra dl lam cho hoac gan nhu thuc, cho phep sinh vien the Tap chi Khoa hpc Ngoai ngii' hien nang luc van dung kien thiic vao tinh hulng thyc tl chii khdng gidn tilp hoac nang vl tinh md phdng nhu danh gia truyen thdng Sau day la mpt vi du so sanh hai hinh thiic danh gia (trie nghiem khdeh quan va danh gid thuc) ve ciing mgt chu de: Yeu cdu: Danh gid hieu biet cua sinh vien ve chii de "Cach thiic chao hdi ciia ngudi Anh" De danh gid hieu biet ciia sinh vien ve ngi dung nay, phuong phdp truyen thdng CO the Sli dung cdu hdi trac nghiem nhu sau: S6 35 (thiing nam 2013) cdc each chao hoi cua nguai Anh) Nhifm vu ddi hdi sinh vien phai chu ddng tim hieu ve cac cdeh chao hdi ciia ngudi Anh, nao thi bat tay, ndo thi dm hdn, nao thi sii dung cac hinh thiic khac, neu bat tay thi bat tay chat d miic dp ndo, vdi thi chat, vdi thi Idng, bat tay bao ldu thi phu hgp, va phai ndi gi bat tay Sau sinh vien tdng hgp nhiing ndi dung rdi thuyet trinh tren lap de giang vien danh gid Phuong phap danh gia rd rdng tao ea h6i vd dieu kien giiip sinh vien chii ddng tim tdi, hgc hdi va phat huy tdt hon khd ndng sang tao eiia minh Phuang phap What is the most common form of danh gia cung giup thu hep khodng greeting among English people when they edch giiia nhiing gi dugc hgc nhd are introduced lo someone new? (Hinh trudng va nhiing nhiem vy thyc ma sinh thuc ehdo hoi ndo cua ngudi Anh la vien phai thuc hien trudng di lam bien nhdt ho dugc gioi thieu voi mot (vi du, dugc gidi thieu va ldm quen vdi ddi tac ngudi Anh) Kit qua cua nguai lg?) phuong phap danh gia thuc ro rang phan A Hugging (6m) anh tryc tilp va trung thyc hon nhiing gi ma phuang phap danh gid truyin thdng B Kissing (hon) ldm dugc Ngodi ra, phuang phdp danh C Hand-shaking (bdt tay) gia thyc gdp phdn gidm nhe ganh ndng Sinh vien se phai chon mgt ba cho cdng tac coi thi Day ciing la mdt uu diem vugt trgi so vdi viee sii dung loai lua chpn A, B, C nhu trinh bay d tren hinh danh gid trdc nghiem hay tu luan Khae voi cdu hdi trac nghiem khdeh ma chat lugng cua khau coi thi hien cdn quan ciia phuang phdp truyin thdng nhu thap Tuy cd nhieu uu dilm nhu vay tren, bai danh gid thuc cd thi dat mgt nhung phuang phdp danh gia hien nhiem vu va yeu cau sinh vien thyc hien vdn chua dugc dp dung nhilu tai cac nhiem vu^ dd: Give a presentation on trudng dai hpc d Viet Nam greeting etiquette in Britain (Trinh bdy ve Doan Quang Trung TRAO Ddf-THONG TIN 2.4 Chdt lirang cUa ddi ngU thuv hien sua lai vdi mong mudn giup sinh viSn dd cdng tdc kiem tra - ddnh gid hgn phdt dm tdt hon, hay mdt sinh viSn sir dung sai mdt cau tnic ngir phap, gidng che Mdt bat cap khac khdng the khdng neu vien ciing ddnh thdi gian giang gidi giiip d day la chat lugng ciia dpi ngii giang sinh vien dd hieu xem sai d chd nao, cdn phdi sira de sii dung ngdn ngii dugc vien thyc hien cdng tac kiem tra - danh tdt hem Vd hinh trung, viec lam ciia gia hien edn chua cao Hang nam mpt giang vien lam sinh vien mdt di thdi gian trudng dai hpc phdi thuc hien danh gia ket de the hien minh (vdn da rat it, thudng chi qua hpc tap cho hang nghin hay tham chi tir 5-7 phiit/sinh vien), lam sinh vien lo hang chuc nghin sinh vien Day la cdng lang hon cd edm giac minh bj "mat viec cd khdi lugng ldn, cd tinh chat vd diem" vi ndi sai, dan tdi mat tu tin vd ciing quan trgng, dnh hudng tdi hinh dnh khdng the the hien nang luc ciia minh mdt vd tuong lai ciia hang nghin sinh vien each tdt nhdt eac phan thi sau dd nhung chdt lugng ciia dgi ngu thuc hien Do dd, ket qua danh gia cung khong phan cong viec chua thyc sy tucmg xiing anh chinh xac nang lyc thuc sy cua sinh vdi nhiem vu va vai trd md hg phdi dam vien Xet ve tinh hieu qua cua viSc kiem nhiem Nhieu trudng cung chua thyc sy tra - danh gia, viee sa da gidi thich eho quan tam dau tu phdt trien dgi ngii sinh vien lam mdt nhieu thdi gian, khdng Mpt sd trudng thdi gian ddi khdng ddnh gid dugc nhieu sinh vien dan den cit gidng vien di dao tao bdi duong nang hieu qua edng viec thdp day, gidng cao kt nang kiem tra - danh gia Thay vao vien da khdng tach bach vai trd cua mdt do, cdc trudng thudng giao cho cac khoa ngudi day vdi vai trd eiia mdt ngudi thuc ty bd tri gidng vien soan de thi, coi thi vd hien edng viec danh gid chdm thi Do tap trung phat trien chuyen mon giang day Id chu yeu va khdng dugc Mgt so giang vien khac danh gia ddo tao chuyen sau ve cong tac kiem tra - phdn thi ndi ciia sinh vien lai tap trung danh gia nen nhieu giang vien edn bd ngd qua miic cho viee viet nhan xet vao ban dugc giao nhiem vu de thi hay gap hudng dan cham thi, thieu tuong tdc vdi mdt sd kho khan chdm thi Mpt so van sinh vien, lam sinh vien td mo mudn xem de lien quan den viee ddnh gia ciia mdt sd giang vien ghi nhan xet loai gi, tich cyc giang vien se dugc chia se d phdn dudi hay tieu cyc, ddn den hien tugng sinh vien day phdn tam, khdng tap trung de the hien tdt nhdt nang lyc ciia minh Nhu vdy, ket qua Mdt sd giang vien danh gid danh gia khdng phdn dnh chinh xac nang phan thi ndi phat hien thdy mpt sinh vien luc thue su cua sinh vien phdt am sai mot tir thi lap tiic ehinh Tap chl Khoa hoc Ngoai ngu> Mpt van de nii'a khdng chi thudng xay danh gia ki nang ndi ma ciing rat hay gap danh gia bai viet luan Vdn de de cap den loai tac dgng ddi vdl ngudi eham dan den su thieu chinh xac danh gia, thudng dugc ggi la hieu img halo vd horns (halo and horns effect) Hieu irng halo de cap den trudng hgp ngudi cham thdy tam dac vdi mgt phdn bai viet eiia sinh vien vd dua vao dd ma danh gid todn bai mpt each tot hon so vdi thyc te Ngugc lai, hieu img horns la hien tugng ma ngudi ddnh gia gap mgt ldi "ngd ngan" nao bai viet ciia mdt sinh vien, rdi bj chi phoi bdi ldi sudt qua trinh chdm bdi viet vd dd danh gia cac phan the hien khac bai viet thap hon so vdi thuc te Mpt so de xuat Nhir da trinh bay d phan tren, cong viec danh gia ket qud hpc tap ciia sinh vien tieng Anh d mpt sd trudng dai hpc hien cdn cd nhimg bat cap, vay phan xin dugc trinh bay mpt sd de xudt vdi hi vgng cd the phan nao giiip khac phuc nhimg bat cap neu tren Thii nhdt, ngudi thiet ke de thi cdn phan biet rach rdi giua khai niem ddnh gid nang lyc va danh gia ket qua, tir co thi xdy dirng mgt bai kiem tra phii hgp cho muc dich danh gid ciia minh Can luu y neu la mgi bdi kiem tra ket qua hgc tap thi phdi dugc thiet ke bam sdt vao muc lieu va npi dung cu the ciia khoa hgc, tranh S6 35 (thang nam 2013) hien tugng cdp nhat cac phan ciia mdt bai kiem tra nang lyc lam ndi dung cho mpt bai kiem tra ket qua hpc tap Thir hai cdng tdc eoi thi can phdi dugc thyc hien nghiem tiic hon dac biet la doi vdi hinh thiic thi tu luan hay trac nghiem Thir ba, ket qua cua viec kiem tra ~ danh gid khdng nen ehi dimg lai d dang ede ehii cdi hay so don thudn md edn duge sir dung nhu la mdt kenh thong tin phan hdi quan trpng gop phdn soi rpi lai viec day va hge va giiip ddnh gia tinh hieu qua ciia cong tac nay, de tir dd lanh dao cac trudng vd giang vien cd the dua nhirng dieu chinh phii hgp nham ndng cao chdt lugng day va hgc Thir tu, can tranh lam dung phuang phdp danh gia trac nghiem khach quan, ddng thdi nen tang cudng dp dung phuang phap danh gia thuc Phuang phdp ddnh gid thye va cac phuong phap ddnh gia truyen thdng (trac nghiem khach quan hay tu luan) ve bdn chat khdng triet tieu nhau, ma ngugc lai bd sung cho Do dd de ddnh gid mdt each toan dien, ehinh xde, trung thyc va hieu qua, ngudi thyc hien cdng viec can linh boat iing dung cac phuong phap danh gia truyen thdng va ddnh gia thyc cho phii hgp vdi tirng muc tieu vd tinh hudng cu the Thu' nam, cdn nang eao chat lugng dpi ngu thyc hien cdng viec kiem tra - danh gid bang cdeh dau tu nhieu ngudn luc hon Doan Quang Trung TRAO OOl-THONG TIN de phdt trien dpi ngu td chiic thudng cdp ede cong doan de thi, coi thi xuyen hon cdc khoa dao tao boi dudng va dac biet Id chdm thi mdi duge giam cho giang vien cac ky nang de thi, coi thieu gdp phdn nang cao chat lugng va dp thi \'d chdm thi Cd nhu va\' nhung bat trung thyc ciia ket qua danh gia TAI LIEU THAM KH.40 j Brindley, G (2001) Assessment In R Carter and D Nunan (ed.) The Cambridge Guide to Teaching English lo Speakers of Other Languages Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press Genesee F (2001) Evaluation In R Carter and D Nunan (ed.) The Cambridge Guide lo Teaching English to Speakers of Other Language.', Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press Hughes, A (1989) Testing for Language 'teachers Cambridge England: Cambridge University Press McNamara, T (2000) Language Testing O.vford, England: Oxford University Press, Nguyen Dixc Chinh (2008), ''Danh gia thirc ket qua hoc tap giao due dai hoc va dao tao nguon nhan lire" Ky veu Hoi thao Viet Nam hoc ldn thir 111, Ha Noi * Wiggins G (1990) The case for authentic assessment Praclical A.s.sessmenl Research & Evahialion, 2(2) Retrieved Apnl 23, 2013 from http://PAREonline.nel/getvn.asp?v=2&n=2 ... phdng nhu danh gia truyen thdng Sau day la mpt vi du so sanh hai hinh thiic danh gia (trie nghiem khdeh quan va danh gid thuc) ve ciing mgt chu de: Yeu cdu: Danh gid hieu biet cua sinh vien ve... T H N G TIN cdng tdc kiem tra danh gid tieng Anh da dugc cac trudng quan tam nhieu hon, va nhiing nam gdn day viec danh gid ket qua hpc tap ciia sinh vien tieng Anh nhin ehung da cd nhiing ti8n... khdi niem danh gia nang luc vd danh gid ket qua va can tranh cdp nhat cac phan cua mdt bai kiim tra nang luc lam npi dung cho mpt bai kiim tra kit qud hgc tap Doan Quang Trung Ket qua danh gia