JOURNAL OF SCIENCE OF HNUE DOI 10 18173/2354 1075 2016 00 S4 EducationalSci , 2016, Vol 61, No 6, pp 105 110 This paper is available online at htlp //sldb hnue edu vn LI THUYET GIAO DICH HOI UNG MOT G[.]
JOURNAL OF SCIENCE OF HNUE EducationalSci., 2016, Vol 61, No 6, pp 105-110 This paper is available online at htlp://sldb hnue edu.vn DOI: 10.18173/2354-1075.2016-00.S4 LI THUYET GIAO DICH HOI UNG - MOT GIAI PHAP GIAU TIEM NANG TRONG DAY HOC NGU VAN N U c TA Tran Qudc Kha Phong Sau dgi hgc, Trifdng Dgi hoc Suphgm Hd Ngi Tom tat Li ihuyel giao djch hdi tfng dai vdn de ve mdi quan he giffa ban dpc va van ban qua Irinh kiln tao y nghTa tac pham van chtfdng Tinh thin ndi bai cua li thuylt tac pham van chtfdng la ket qua cfia qua trinh giao dich hdiflnggiiia van ban ciia nha van va srf trai nghiem, cam xuc, quan diem, nhffng quan iam, ciia ngubi doc moi trrfbng, ngff canh doc cu ihe Van dung If thuyel viio day hgc Ngff van d nrfbc la phii hdp vbi xu hrfbng chung ddi mbi phrfdng phap day hpc van hien nay, dapffngmuc tieu dac thu cua mon hpc Ttikhda: Thuylt giao dich hditfng,L.M.Rosenblatt, ngrfbi dpc Irai nghiem, iac pham van chrfdng Mof d a u Nhieu nam trd Iai day, ddi mbi phrfbng phdp day hpc (PPDH) Ngfl van nhd trrfdng phd thong khbng cbn la cau chuyen rieng cua nganh gido due ma da trb vin dl thbi srf drfdc xa hgi het stfc quan tam Yen cau "lam the nao de mbn hoc NgQ vdn xffng ddng vdi vj trf tim quan trgng cua n o " [ ;8] den van chtfa thrfc hien drfdc nhrf srf ki vong Nhieu trf irfbng khoa hgt da dtfbc van dung vao qua trinh day hoe tdc pbam vdn chtfdng (TPVC) vffa cdp nhat vbi xu thi phat trien cua giao due the gidi, vfla tfnh den nhflng yeu td phu hbp vbi thtfc tien eiia Viet Nam Mde du vay, gidi thuyet va ddc biei la van dung vao Ihtfc te vdn ebn nhieu diem can tilp tue thao ludn de dl xuil cu the them bien pbap dp dung vdo hoat dong day hgc TPVC, phdn doc dao hap dan nhit, tit yeu can dbi bbi cao nhit ddi vbi ngrfdi day va ngtfbi hgc xtfa De gbp phan lam sang td cho lien de If luan tiep can ddi mbi PPDH mon hgt dac thfl b trtfbng thong, bai viet se di sau gibi thieu, phan tfch mpt sd die'm quan cua If thuyet giao djch hdi tfng (the Iransacsional-response theory) (GDHU) ma hat nhan la nhtfng kit qud ngbien ctfu eua giao srf L.M.Rosenblall va phtfdng hrfbng van dung If thuylt vao day hgc Ngfl vdn d nrfbc ta 2.1 Noi d u n g nghien cihi IMot so diem noi bat cua h' thuyet GDHU Quan niem cua li thuyet GDHU ve vai tro ciia tac gia va van ban van chtfdng (VBVC) qua trinh tao nen TPVC Ngay nhan bai: 20/12/2015 Ngay nhan dang' 10/3/2016 Lien he: Trin Quoc Kha, e-mail' khatq8l@gniail com Khbng hoan loan gidng nhrf quan niem cua If Ihuyit ngtfbi dpc ndi chung va nhieu nha nghien cflu thubc chinb If thuyet GDHU nbi rieng thfldng chl tap trung nghien ctfu va de cao vai trb cua ngrfdi dgc, L.M Rosenbatt da khong pbii nhan hay bd qua vi trf, vai trd ciia tdc gia vd VBVC qua trinh tao nen TPVC, Ntf giao srf trdn trgng ghi nhan nhffng ddng gdp eua tae gia viec sdng tao VBVC: "Gidng nhtf ngtfbi dgc, ngrfbi viel ciing can phai mang den cho qua trinh chgn Ipe tfch erfc hoat ddng, de di chuyen den cam gidc cua stf tap trung drf kiln cho stf Irfa chgn va long hdp" [5; 17] Vi the, VBVC la san pham sang tao cua nha van, nd Id ket qua cua srf hdi tu trf tue, tai nang, lam huyet, tinh cam, ciia ngrfbi nghe sT; nd la stf dan kit ciia ca yeu td vo thtfc va cb y thtfc Do dd hanh dbng sdng tdc khbng phai la viec lam vo nghta va til yeu san pham cua qud trinh la VBVC cung khong phai la san pha'm khdng mang nghta Dien dat mot each khae ngdn gon hdn la: "Kit qua eudi cung qua trinh sang tao gian nan va ciing day If thii ctia ngfldi nghe sT Id VBVC, mot mb hinh cua diu hieu bdng Ibi ndi, la diem khdi diu ciia ngrfbi dgc" [4;50] Khang djnh vai trb ciia VBVC qua trinh hinb TPVC, mpt qua trinh phffc lap va If thu, nha nghien ctfu cho rdng: "Cdc vdn ban la phrfdng tien cua lac gla djnb hrfbng srf chu y ciia ngrfbi dpe, Cae tae gia da danh gia cuge sdng tfl mgt gdc db cu the ciia lam nhtn, da Irfa chgn nhflng gt anb ta hy vgng se hoan thiinh muc tieu eua mtnh, VBVC giup cho ban (ban dgc) thay, de giflp cho ban nghe, va de giup cho ban cb the cdm nhan dflbc"[4;72] Hay cu the hdn: "Cac lin hieu dffdc cung cap bbi eac van ban, mgt mat no kieh thich phan ffng, mat khac nd dan ngrfbi dgc den Ioai bd nhflng gt Id khong thich hdp ttf nhtfng gi dfldc drfa vao y thfle cua ve "nghta" cua van ban" [4;72] Chi'nh vi vdy, kham pha VBVC, ddc gia can Iflu y den kieu to ehfle ldi van, nghTa la khong tach rbi vbi ngon tfl, nhflng dat diem b viec td chtfc, sap xep, ket cau, cau true ma ngrfbi sdng lao da ma hda dd Nhflng md hba, gffi gam nhat quyet khong phai la khbng eb an y hay vo nghta Dieu eo nghTa la VBVC ttf thdn cd ciu true da nghia, no vtfa kfch thich, dan ddt vffa djnh hffdng ngffbi dpc, theo each nbi cua nfl giao sfl la van ban mb va cau thuc Tat nhien, vdn hoc nbi chung, moi TPVC ndi rieng lubn ddi boi canh Ijch stf xa hgi, van hoa eu the; nhflng yeu td tflng btfdc tham thau va ehat lgc thbng qua Iang kinh chu quan cua nha van de di vao tac pha'm VBVC Id mgt sinh menh, mgt chinh the hflu cb, ham chtfa nhtfng quan he nbi tai nhffng cung khong tdch rdi vdi mdi quan be ben ngoai Van ban la mot thrfc the ngon tfl day an y va mudn kham phd nhflng d'n y db can ndm dtfbc nhflng quan he ddt ngfl canh nhat djnh VBVC chju stf tdc dbng cua hoan canh sang tac, cua doc gia va boi canh tiep nhan Thuyet Phe btnh mbi khing djnh VBVC la ngudn gdc nhit cd nghTa lao nen y nghta cua TPVC nen de xuat ldi dpc, nghien cflu khep kfn, biet lap, vb trung Ngtfdc Iai vdi quan diem tren, nfl giao sff du ghi nhan dbng gdp cua ngtfbi nghe st sang tao VBVC vd vai trb "khdi dau ciia mgi khbi dau" - VBVC nhffng Iai khbng tuyel ddi hoa vai trd cua VBVC: "Lf thuyet GDHU cua chung la can nhan manh, cdng nhan cac VBVC la can thill, nhffng khong phai la dieu kien du cho bat ki TPVH nghe thuat" [4;83] Va quan niem eua ba cung khong trfdng ddng vbi trffbc dd ta Ioi nghien ctfu ttf ben ngoai de cao viec nghien cflu hien thfle xa hgi, bdi canh ljeh sfl, he thong cbfnh trj, trao ltfu tnit hpc va bdi canh vdn hba, tieu sfl nha vdn, dbi sdng tam If Thuyet GDHU chf ghi nban VBVC la mgt ngudn nghta chinh nhtfng khong the thilu stf trai nghiem, cam xiic, quan diem hay nhflng quan tam, cua ngffbi doc moi trtfbng, ngfl ciinh dgc eu the de tao nen TPVC Tff day cd the nhdn tam la khang djnh vai trb ngtfbi dgc nhtfng nfl giao sff khdng vt the ma phu nhdn ylu to khac cd lien quan den qud trinh GDHU ciia ban dgc vbi VBVC de tao nen TPVC: tac gid va VBVC Lf thuylt GDHU da khdng phfl nhdn nhffng cung khong tuyet ddi vai trb ciia VBVC ma tra nb vl vj tri ddng hang cung nhilu yen Id, nhieu khau tilp nhan 106 Li thuyet giao dich hoi ting - mpl gidi phdp gidu liim ndng day hot Ngti vdn d nudt la vdn chrfbng Quan niem cua li thuylt GDHU ve vai tro ban dgc va qua trinh hinb tbanh TPVC Khi ban ve vai trb ngffbi dgc, L.M.Rosenblall dd cho rdng: "Trai qua nhieu Ihl ki, nd trb nen rb rang hdn thtfdng hoac Id vdn ban hoac Id tae gia da nhan dtfdc stf chilu sang eiia anh den san khau Ngffbi doc cb xu htfdng vdn cbn bdng tbi, vdi tat cd dffdc the hien tren nbieu cap do, y nghia dtfbng nhtf la vb htnh" [4,1] Vay cd hay khong stf tdn tai tbtfe stf ciia ngtfbi dgc va vai trd cfla ngffbi dgc qua trinh htnh thanb nen TPVC? Cau tra Idi tit nhien la cd, ngffbi dpe khdng gian dbn chi xuit hien khau tiep nhan, de boan tat qua trinh xd hgi tha'm mi, ma cdn xuit hien tfl khau sang tae Nbi mbt each ngan ggn tht cb boat dong sang lae, eb VBVC dbi la CO srf doe va ngrfbi dge Nhrf vay ngrfbi dgc khong phai khong ton tai hay khbng bao gib dtfdc nhdc den ca qua trtnh sang tdc, liep nhan va nghien cffu nhtfng phdi din dbi cua thuylt ngtfbi dgc va dac biet Id thuyet GDHU tbi ngtfdi dgc va vai trd cua nhan td quan mdi dtfbc nghien cffu mbt each cb he Ihbng va cd vj tri xtfng tam dbi sbng vdn chtfbng Lf luan van hgc da di tii stf vang bong, "vb blnh" cua ngtfbi dgc den viec ghi nhan vai trd dac biet quan trgng cua chu the nhtf "ndng Iffdng cua stf cd mat" (Nguyen Thanh Hung) qua trinh chuyen hoa VBVC TPVC Y nghta cfla TPVC la san phd'm san sinh tff qua trinh ngtfbi dgc giao djch vbi VBVC VBVC la san pham sang tao cua ngtfdi nghe sT giao djeh vbi ngffbi dgc boi canh cu the, them vao dd mbi ngtfbi dgc lai cb tam dbn nhdn vbi thj hieu, kinh nghiem tham mt, vdn sdng, trai nghiem khong giong nbau, ttf y nghta thtfbng dtfde khuc xa, mb rpng ra, diy dan va phong phu them Trong cdng trtnh dffbc ghi nhan la khbi diu stf nghiep nghien ctfu eiia mtnh, giao stf L.M.Rosenblall ttfng chi ra: "mbt bai thd (TPVC) la nhtfng gi ngtfbi 6oc trai qua drfdi srf hrfbng dan cua VBVC va kinh nghiem lien quan den vdn ban" [3] Hang loat cac cbng trtnh nghien ctfu cua ba sau da ghi nhan vai trd cua dgc gia la ngrfdi ddng sang tao, ngrfdi kiln tao y ngbia TPVC qua trinh giao djeh vdi VBVC, vbi lae gia va eae doe gia khae Bit kt tac pham nao cung phai dtfbc bat dau tfl VBVC, ket qua sang tao eua ngrfbi ngbe st, khdi diu eua mgi khbi dau ddi vdi ngflbi dge Tuy nhien, neu chi cb VBVC - san pha'm sang tao cua ngrfdi nghe si, thi db mdi chi la yeu td cin ma chffa phai la dilu kien du de ciu tbanh TPVC Ngudn nghta drfdc lac gia kheo leo mtfdn chff vbi cac kt thuat, tai nang id chffc cua minh chi tbanh y nghia dtfbc giao djch vdi ngffbi dgc Neu san pham sang tao cua nha vdn vt If nao dd khbng din dtfdc vdi ban dgc hoac khbng dtfdc ban dgc ddn nhan thi nd mbi ehi ton tai d dang tiem nang, cflng khbng khac cac cuon sdch dang dtfdc lffu gifl thff vien hay kho Itfu trff ndo Moi dbc gia, hdn the la mdi the he dde gia cd the tim thiy b cac tae phd'm kiel lac mot y nghTa rieng cbo ddi minb, kel qua cua stf trai nghiem b chfnh ho Vi vay van ban viet hay in cua mbt TPVH, chffa cd ngffbi dgc, chtfa tac pha'm, cung gidng nhff mgt ban kf am eua nhac sT chtfa drfdc bieu dien vbi am thanh, giai dieu cua ngtfbi hat, cfla nhac tht chrfa phai lae pbam am nhac" De minh chffng cho vai trb cd that eua ngffbi dgc chung ta thff di li giai mau thuan: ylu td VBVC, lac gia la nhffng yeu td tffbng dbi (ngrfdi viet bai nhan manh) tinh tai nhtfng TPVC thtfbng cd xu hrfdng cang drfbc mb rbng ra, day dan them, trd nen hip dan, lot cudn ngtfbi dgc, Vay yeu id nao, khau nao qua trinb hinh TPVC tao nen stf md rgng, ddy dan them trb nen hip dan, ldi cudn do? Cau tra Ibi chi cb the la d Irong khau tiep nhdn eu the: hoan canh tiep nhan Iuon thay ddi, stf sang lao cua ngtfbi dgc va qua trinh kiln tao, giao djch cua ngtfbi doc d cdc the he vbi hay b chfnh moi lan dgc eiia ddc gia Cb le vt the ma TPVC can dtfbc coi nhtf la mdt sff kien thbi gian, khong phai mpt ddi trfbng hoac mbt thrfc the tdn tai biet lap vd trung, Ii ttfdng TPVC chi xuit hien stf thdm nhap sap dien vdi eua ngtfbi dpc Tran Qudc Kha va van ban Van ban va ngrfbi dgc giao dich vdi nhau, tham nhap vao nhau, tac ddng ten nhau, nen cd the hinh dung: " boat dbng kiln tao y nghla lfl van ban Id mgt qua trinh vfla "deo bam" vtfa sdng tao" [2] Nhtf vdy, viec khang djnh vai tro quan Irgng cua ngtfbi dgc ddng nghia vdi viec khang djnh TPVC la kit qua cua qud trinh giao djch va hdp Itfu giffa ngtfdi nghe st sang tao VBVC va ddc gia dieh thtfc d moi thdi dai Li thuyet GDHU tap trung vao boat ddng tinh than, nhflng trai nghiem dang dien ben ngffbi dpc Y nghta cua van ban la sff sang tao, dd khong cd mgt y nghta chfnh xac, nhat dung danh cho tat ca cac dgc gla Lf thuyel tap trung nhin manh vao tam quan Irgng cua ngffdi dgc, hanh ddng dpc va qua trtnh trai ngbiem eua ngffbi dpc Danh gia diing vai trb ciia ngtfbi doe giflp chflng ta hie'u hbn ve Ii thuyet GDHU ndi chung va quan diem ciia Rosenblatt noi rieng, khdng di vao stf phien dien etfc doan "ngtfdi dgc tbu dgng theo van ban, tdc gia" va cung khong thien lech "vdn ban thu dong theo dgc gia" Li thuyet GDHU khong phdt lb ngtfdi doc va vdn ban nhff cae nhd htnh ihffe nhffng cung khdng day den cffc doan nhtf nhieu ngrfdi lam trfbng ve thuyet GDHU coi "tac pham chi la hieu qua trai nghiem d ngffbi dge" Ket qua nghien ctfu cua L.M.Rosenblati da nang tam tf thuyet GDHU khong chi thuin Id mbi If thuyet phe binh vdn hgc ma cbn Id If thuyet vl nhan thflc luan vt nb giai thfch cdch ngrfbi doe xay drfng tri thtfc ve mol VBVC 2.2 Van dung h' thuyet GDHU - mot li thuyet tiem nang vao day hoc TPVC b tntoing thong nir6c ta Day hgc TPVC theo tf thuylt GDHU phu hdp vbi ban chat dae thu eua TPVC va tiep nhdn tac pham nghe Ihuat Lf luan van hge da chi rb vbng dbi cua mot TPVH khbng the thieu vai trd dpc gia Irong qua trinh kien tao y nghTa Du vay, da cd thbi gian khd dai chung ta chrfa quan lam thoa dang din vai trb Vi the chung ta da dbng nhit VBVC vbi TPVC, nen khdng If giai drfbc tiem nang rpng mb, linh da nghia cua sang tac vdn chrfdng Li thuyet da xdc djnh dung dan cae khai niem cd ban: nha van, VBVC, TPVC, ngrfbi dpe Dae biet la de xuat quan diem qua trinh dpc van - liep nhan van chtfbng cflng chfnh la qua trinh GDHU cua dgc gia vdi VBVC, khong phai Id qua trtnh di tim y nghta ciia tac phd'm mgt y nghTa ndm diy du va trgn ven Irong VBVC nhtf quan niem cua Phe binh mbi, hay la hanh trinh npi tam eua ngffdi dge nhtf thuyet phe btnh chu quan ma cdn Id cd hbi de HS dtfdc trai nghiem vd dbng sdng tao Nhiem vu cua qua trinh GDHU khbng phai la di tim manh mdi va giai quyet van dl ma la khai thac cai tiem an VBVC va chinh ngtfdi dgc Bdi vay, qua trinh day hgc vdn chtfbng dam bdo lfnh khoa hoc, phii hdp vbi dac irtfng mon hpc, giai quyel dtfdc han chl: "Dgc thd van khong phai de suy ttf ve than phan ngtfbi, vl ca nhan va xa hgi, ve tinh yeu thffbng va Ibng thu ban, ve niem han hoan va stf tuyet vpng, ma chi de' cho ngtfbi ta tiep nhan nhflng bai phe btnh theo eo dien hay hien dai" [8] Van dung thuyet GDHU vao day hoc TPVC cdn phat huy tilm ndng, sffc sang tao va npi Itfe ca nhan cua ngrfdi hgc, phu hbp vdi xu hrfbng ddi mdi manh me PPDH vdn Hffdng ldm diem vao qua trtnh ttf VBVC den ban dgc hgc sinh tao cd hgi de ban dgc dffbc trai nghiem van hpc, nhap than vao the gidi nghe thual, bien VBVC cua nha vdn tac pha'm sdng dgng tarn tri minh Doi thoai vbi ban dgc b nhieu ihl he va vdi chfnh minh ve nhtfng gt ban than dpc thay qua trinh GDHU da tra Iai vj tri dich thtfc cua hgc sinh gib day hgc TPVC Ngtfbi lam nen lac pham khdng khac ehinh la ban doc hgc sinh Thay vt chi tiep nhan Iai y kien cua thay cd, hgc thudc nhflng nhan djnh eiia cdc chuyen gia, hgc sinh cd cd hgi tim thay lilng ndi rieng ciia mtnh va trao doi binh ddng vbi cac tieng nbi khdc, gbp phin phdt trien ngtfdi sang tao, biet each hgc, dap tfng dffdc yeu ciu dao tao hpe sinh trb nhflng cbng dan lich cflc moi trflbng giao Li Ihuyit giao dich heii ung - mot gidi phdp gidu Item ndng tremg dgy hoc Ngti vdn dnUdt fa due dan ehu Muc tieu tren dtfdc dam bdo cdc yeu td khac, khdu khdc qud irinh day hpc cung dtfdc nhtn nhan mbt cdch bien chffng, va sff thay ddi nhdn thflc cua ngrfbi giao vien Ngrfbi giao vien phai ddi dien vdi nhiem vu kho khan nhrfng cung thu vi hdn viec thffa nhdn tinh dgc dao cua ban dgc hgc sinh, chap nhdn sff khac biel va tao GDHU quan trgng dd Van dung Ii thuyet vao day hgc TPVC se khuyen khieh hgc sinh bgc Ib hdi ffng, doi chieu vdi cac bai dgc cua nhiing hgc sinh khac, vdi quan niem cua cac nha phe btnh va ca vdi Ian dgc khac cua chinh ban than ban dgc hgc sinh Biu khbng Ibp hgc la bdu khbng hgp tae dan chu, Ibp hgc hdp tac chtf khong bai trtf nhau, khbng cd cugc tranh Iuan theo kleu b dd se cd ngrfdi thang va ke thua, hay chuyen phan dinh rach rbi theo kieu khong dflng thi sai Thao Iuan khbng de di den phan djnh thang thua ma de Iam rb va di den tfl hoan thien minh Db cung la xu hflbng chung ddi mbi PPDH vdn hien Ket luan Nhtn nhan li thuyet GDHU hoan canh hien da va dang tdn tai nhilu li thuylt drfbc van dung vao day hgc Ngtf van d trrfbng phd thong nrfdc ta, chiing ta mbi thay drfdc gia trj cua nd Nb gdp phin khic phuc ban chl eua PPDH: day van chu yeu la gidng van dtfdc du nhap tfl nha trtfbng Phap dau the ki XX [6] Ttfdng tff nb cung gliip trdnh dtfdc stf ctfe doan tilp can van hpc cua Phe btnh mbi, li thuyel tiing dtfdc van dung sau rong d nha trtfdng cac nffdc phtfbng lay, ddc biet cac ntfdc ndi tieng Anh ma nha nghien effu Tzvetan Todozov da chi [7] Tuy nhien, cung giong nhff nhieu If thuyel nghien cfl^ van chtfdng khdc dtfdc du nhdp vao nha trtfbng Viet Nam vbi mgt nen van hoa khac vbi hoan canh va truyen thdng DH khbng hoan loan ttfbng ddng If thuyet GDFlU khong phai la van nang hay chi cb nhffng ffu diem, bbi vt chi cdn myet ddi hoa mgt mat nao, mgt khdu nao deu dan den nhflng sai lam, ctfe doan ehdng han tflng xuil hien stf lo ngai chuyen de eao ngffbi dgc se dan den thoa man moi thich thu ciia ngffbi hoc Mac du vay, vbi nhflng tfu diem cua If thuyet GDHU va kit qua dtfbc ghi nhan b nha trrfdng nhieu qubc gia, thiet nght Ii thuyet - tieu die'm la nhflng nghien cflu cua L.M.Rosenblatt se mang lai " cam giac hanh phuc sff hoc, danh cho cac em mgt khbng gian de iff kham pha, nhan thffc, trai nghiem" [9] day hoc Ngtf van b nha irtfdng Viet Nam TAI LIEU THAM KHAO [I] Nguyin Vinh Hien, 2013 Dgy hgc Ngti van irong bdi cdnh mdi - nhimg ki vgng, ca hgi didch thtic Ki yeu hdi thdo khoa hgc qude gia ve day hpc Ngfl vdn b irtfbng thong Viet Nam, Nxb Dai hgc Stf pham [2] Pham Thj Thu Hffdng, 2012 Dgc htiu vd chien thugt dgc hie'u vdn bdn irong nhd truimg phd thdng Nxb Dai hgc Stf pham [3] Rosenblatt, L.M., 1995 Literature as Exploration 5lh ed New York: Modem Language Association (Original work published 1938) [4] Rosenblatt, L.M., 1978 (Rev ed., 1994) The Reader The Text The Poem: The Transactional Theory ofthe Literary Work Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press [5] Rosenblatt, L.M 2005 Making Meaning with Texts: Selected Essays Heinemann Portsmaith SH [6] Tran Dtnh Sff, 2003 Doc hiiu vdn bdn mgt khdu dot phd ngi dung vd phUdng phdp gidng dgy van 109 Tran Quoc Kha https://trandinhsu.wordpress.com/20I3/08/30, ngdy 30/8/2013 [7] Tzvetan Todozov Bin biin gidi nhd irudng, Tzvetan Todozov, Paris, 30/8/2007; Hul, 10/11/2009, Van nghe, sd 23/1/2010 Trin Huyen Sam va Dan Thanh djeh Tran Thien Dao hieu dfnh [8] Tzvetan Todozov Nin vdn chuang dang ldm nguy, Paris 15/8/2007, Hue 15/9/2007, Trin Huyen Sam djch va gidi thieu (cd sff cdng lac cua Dan Thanb) [9] An Van, 2015 Tu khdm phd, nhdn ihifc vd trdi nghiem: Cdu chuyin cua gido due Viet Nam Tap chf Tia sdng So 22, 20/11/2015 Transactional-theory response - a possible way to teach literature in Vietnam Transactional-response theory questions the relationship between reader and text to create meaningful work With Ibis theory, literary works are the result of a transaction process between writer and text, to be read contexlually specific Applying this theory when leaching Language Arts in Vietnam, consistent with general innovative teaching methods in current literature, can be used to meet specific aims of this course Keywords: Transactional-response theory, L.M.Rosenblatt, readers, experience, works of literamre ... dang dien ben ngffbi dpc Y nghta cua van ban la sff sang tao, dd khong cd mgt y nghta chfnh xac, nhat dung danh cho tat ca cac dgc gla Lf thuyel tap trung nhin manh vao tam quan Irgng cua ngffdi... ngrfdi ddng sang tao, ngrfdi kiln tao y ngbia TPVC qua trinh giao djeh vdi VBVC, vbi lae gia va eae doe gia khae Bit kt tac pham nao cung phai dtfbc bat dau tfl VBVC, ket qua sang tao eua ngrfbi... qua trinh chuyen hoa VBVC TPVC Y nghta cfla TPVC la san phd''m san sinh tff qua trinh ngtfbi dgc giao djch vbi VBVC VBVC la san pham sang tao cua ngtfdi nghe sT giao djeh vbi ngffbi dgc boi canh