I NGHIEN COU Li LUAN VAN DE TIEP NHAN VA GIAI MA VAN BAN VAN HOC TRONG CHiraNG TRINH NGff VAN MOfr DO NGOC THONG W$n Khoa hoc Giao due Viet Nam Email lhongdangoc@yahoo com Tom tat Bai viit dicdp din v[.]
I NGHIEN COU Li LUAN VAN DE TIEP NHAN VA GIAI MA VAN BAN VAN HOC TRONG CHiraNG TRINH NGff VAN MOfr DO NGOC THONG W$n Khoa hoc Giao due Viet Nam Email: lhongdangoc@yahoo.com Tom tat: Bai viit dicdp din vdn de tiep nhdn vd gidi md vdn bdn vdn hoc ehuang tdc gid phdn tieh 1/Xu the vd quan mem qudc teve doc hieu vdn bdn; 2/ Dmh hudng trinh Ngtf vdn mdi Theo tdc gid bdi viet, chuang trinh Ngd vdn mdi Trong bdi, vd yeu cdu ve doe hieu cua chUOng trinh gido due thong mdi, noi dung mon Ngu" van duac phdn chia theo hai giai doan, Id giai doan gido due ca ban vd giai doan gido due dinh hudng nghe nghiep Yeu cdu can dat ve doc hieu vdn bdn nhd trudng gom: hieu nol dung vdn bdn; hieu hinh thtfc the hien; van dung, lien he, so sdnh ngoai vdn bdn Trong vdn ban vdn hoc, ngtf lieu cho tdt cd cdc Idp deu phdi cd vdn ban tUsUvd vdn bdn trtftinh 06 kho cua cdc vdn bdn doc tdng dan qua ttfng ndm hoe Thdi gian de day hoe mot vdn bdn phdi tuang thich vdi dp ddi vd phdc tap eua vdn bdn degido doc trtfc tiep vd tron ven nhdng vien cd the giup hoe sinh tiep cdn day du vdn bdn, hoe sinh co cahoi tde pham duoc chon hoc Ttf khoa: Van ban; vdn bdn vdn hoc; doc hieu vdn bdn; chuang trinh Ngtf vdn mdi (Nhan bai 01/04/2016; Nhan ket qua phdn bien va chinh stfa 14/04/2017, Duyet dang O a t v a n d e 25/04/2017) 2.7 Trudc het, can k h S n g d i n h viec coi t r o n g hinh Trong p h a m vi nha t r u d n g p h o t h d n g , c d t h e hieu t h a n h , p h a t t n e n n a n g luc d o c va c h u y each day hoc doc ndng luc doc c h i n h la ndng lUc tiep nhan vd gidi md cac hieu v a n b a n la x u t h e c h u n g ciia CT giao due cac nude, loai van ban, t r o n g d d van b a n v a n hoc c h i e m m d t vi t r i n h a t la cac n u d c p h a t t n e n n h U Hoa Ki, A n h , Uc, Han het sdc q u a n t r o n g , Cung vdi n g h e , n h l n , dge la h a n h Q u d c Yeu cau d a y ve d p c h i e u k h d n g c h i d d i vdi mdn d d n g t i e p n h a n M u d n t i e p n h a n cd hieu qua t h i d o c t i e n g A n h ma c d n phai t h u c hien t r o n g cac m d n hoc phai hieu, M u d n hieu t h i phai biet each giai ma van b a n khae Vl t h e d Hoa Ki, b e n c a n h c h u a n d o c c h o m d n tieng doc Van ban van hoc c d dac trUng n e n g , each ma hda A n h e d n cd c h u a n doe v i e t (literacy) c h o cac m d n nhU; (code) n e n g , vi t h e phai co each giai m a (decode), each Lich sd, Khoa hoc xa h d i , K h o a h o c t u n h i e n - KI thuat doe n e n g Tren ca sd n g h i e n c d u xu t h e q u d c te, t r o n g (Standards f o r Literacy in H i s t o r y / S o c i a l Studies, Science, bai Viet nay, c h u n g t d i gidi t h i e u d m h h u d n g va yeu cau a n d Technical Subjects) D e t h a y rd vai t r d ciia day doc d o c hieu van ban van hoc t r o n g c h u a n g t r i n h (CT) N g d h i e u , Td chdc Khao t h i Oai hoc M I (2008)^ da khao sat va van m d l d a n g soan t h a o n e u len t h d n g ke sau d a y 2, Xu t h e va q u a n n i e m ve doc h i e u v a n b a n Quan m e m ve doc hieu v a n ban, nhat la v a n ban van hoc t r o n g gidi n g h i e n cdu het sdc da d a n g , p h o n g p h u , Tuy n h i e n , vdi p h a m vi nha t r u d n g p h o t h d n g , Tmh t r a n g ngUdi hoc Ca hoi cong sau Khoa hoc Khdng duoc chuan bi ve doc hieu To^n hoc % 15% 32 % 67% day hoc d o c hieu van ban, can xac d m h m d t each hieu p h u h o p vai d d i t u a n g giao vien va hoe sinh (HS), m d t Duac chuan bi ve doc hieu each hieu c h o vda d u n g ban chat ciia doc hieu, vda Trudc t i n h t r a n g d o va n h a m d a p d n g ddi hdi t d cac k h d n g qua phde tap, han lam, k h d v a n d u n g M a t khae, dai hoc, n g a n h n g h e va t h i t r u d n g lao d d n g (CCR)^ nam d o yeu cau hdi n h a p , k h d n g t h e k h d n g q u a n t a m d e n xu 2010, Hoa Kl da xac d m h c h u a n c h u n g cdt ldi cho toan the Chung Oe c d c o sd de xuat yeu cau d o c hieu c h o CT hen b a n g ( C o m m o n Core states standards)', t r o n g dd N g u v a n Viet Nam t r o n g giai d o a n t d i , c h u n g tdi da t h a m m d n T i e n g A n h n e u len y e u cau d o c hieu c h u n g cho tat khao m d t sd CT va sach giao khoa nudc ngoai Do g i d i ca cac b a n g n h u sau "Tat ca HS p h d t h d n g can c d hieu han cua k h u d n k h o bai viet n e n c h u n g toi chi neu m d t b i e t va l a m d u o c , c h d n g m m h d u a c cac hieu biet va ki sd net ve day hoc d o c hieu d Hoa Kl n h u m d t n g h i e n cUu n a n g ve d o c hieu v d i 10 y e u cau sau: dien h i n h (case study) Chuong tnr uoc hoi l^iio, • KHOA HOC GIAO DUC ' h i t p / / pdf in duoc Xiiy dung theo Nghi quyet c :torg/researcli/poiicymakers/pdf/ForgotienMidd College and Career Readiness Anchor Standards for Reading i iittp/Zwwwcorestandardsorg NGHIEN Cini Ll LUAN I Details) Toan b d y e u cau ve d o e hieu v a n b a n d u a c t d m Idde lai D o c kf va xac d i n h v a n b a n ndi g l , giat t h i c h va t r o n g m u c Cam nang doc hieu (Reading h a n d b o o k ) in d t r i n h bay cac suy luan logic t d v a n b a n , trfch d a n eae p h a n c u d i m o i c u d n saeh g i a o k h o a Van h o c D u d i d a y b i n g c h d n g cu t h e t d v a n b a n kht viet hoac ndi n h a m la m d t sd d i e m t i e u b i e u ve d o c h i e u v a n b a n v a n hoe A Tutudng chinh vd chi tiet {Key Ideas and nhusau: lam sang t o n h d n g n h a n xet, ket luan t d v a n b a n ; * To chtfc dgy dge hiiu vdn bdn theo the logi vd cdc Xac d i n h t u t u d n g hoac c h i i de t r u n g t a m ciia v a n ban va p h a n t i c h sU phat t r i e n cita t U t u d n g / chit d e ay; thdnh td tao nin moi the logi T d t d p d e n Idp 12, n h i n c h u n g HS d u g c l a m q u e n t d m t a t cae chi t i e t va y t u d n g e h i n h ; Phan t i c h cac n h a n vat, sU k i e n , t U t U d n g p h a t t n e n , t u o n g tac n h u t h e n a o va tai t r o n g t o a n b d v a n va d o c hieu v a n b a n t h e o loai: v a n b a n v a n h o c [Literary texts] va v a n b a n t h d n g t i n ( I n f o m a t i o n a l texts) ban; Van b a n van hoc bao g d m cac v a n b a n hU cau Ki thudt viit vd cdu true {Craft and (hetion) n h u truyen ngdn, tieu thuyet, thava Structure) Giai t h i c h cac t d va c u m t d d u o c s d d u n g t r o n g kich N g o a i ra, c d n c d cac v a n b a n p h i h u cau ( n o n f i c t i o n ) n h U hoi ki v a n ban, b a o g d m each xac d i n h n g h i a d e n va n g h i a (biographies), tutruyen b d n g , p h a n tieh c u t h e sU lUa c h o n t d n g d n h d t h e nao lugn (essays) de t a o nghfa va a m h U d n g , ( a u t o b i o g r a p h i e s ) va cac bdi nghi T r o n g cac t h e loai var\ b a n v a n hoc, HS dUOe l a m Phan t i c h cau t r u e v a n b a n , bao g d m cac cau, q u e n va t a p d o c hieu t h e o cae t h a n h t d q u a n t r p n g t a o d o a n va cac p h a n / d o n vi Idn h a n ciia van b a n ( p h a n , n e n t h e loai ay Vi d u , hoc ve t r u y e n , HS can n a m dUge c h u a n g , c a n h , k h o t h a ) m d i q u a n he gida c h u n g va v d i cac t h a n h t d c d t ldi nhU: cot truyen, nhdn vdt, chu di, toan b d v a n b a n ; cdnh, xung dot, dlemnhin.Jhi\oa\ D a n h gia d i e m n h m va m u c dich da t a o n e n ndi Knowledge d cac Idp, n h u n g vdi n h u n g v a n b a n n g d lieu m d i va p h a t t r i e n t h e m not d u n g , y e u cau D u d i d a y la b a n g t d n g h o p d u n g , p h o n g each v a n b a n n h U t h e nao, C Tich hgp hiiu biit vd cdc y tudng {Integration of cac t h a n h t d cot Idi ciia m d i t h e loai van b a n d u o c hoe d eae Idp cap T r u n g hoc cO sd (Bang 1) and Ideas) Tich h a p va d a n h gia ndi d u n g d u a e t r i n h bay * HUdng ddn doc hiiu vdn bdn theo the logi t r o n g cac h i n h t h d c va Media khae n h a u , bao g d m ca true q u a n va sd l u a n g t d n g d ; boi va cac t h a n h t d lap lai T h d n g t h u d n g , cac bai hoe d u o c t d c h d c t h e o q u y t r i n h giai d o a n , d o la: t r u d c doc, t r o n g doe va Xac d m h , d a n h gia sU lap luan va cac t u y e n b d c u t h e t r o n g Bdng 1: long hop cdc thdnh tdcot van b a n , b a o g d m t i n h h o p le cua li luan c u n g n h u sU p h u h o p va day loi ciia moi the loai vdn bdn duoc hoed ede lap cdp Trung hoc ca sd Lc>p d i i ciia eae bSng c h d n g ; Phan tich hai hoac nhieu hOn cac v a n b a n c d c u n g c h u de, de tai g i d n g n h a u n h U t h e nao de t a o Truyen hieu biet va so sanh each t i e p can cua cac tac gia; D Phgm vi vd mtfc dp • cot truyen • xung dot • n h a n vat • bdicanh • hinh dang (form) •dongtho -khdtho • nhiptho •van tho • hinh dang •dong tho • hinh dang •ddngtho •khotha • nhiptha • van t h a • ngUoi phat n g d n (speaker) • hinh anh •khdtho • nhiptho • van t h o • ngUdi phat ngon •hinh^nh • a m • cot truyen • nhan vat • hanh d o n g • hdi/canh (scene) • ddi thoai •ldi dao dien • cdt truyen • nhan vat • hanh d o n g • hdi/canh • d d i thoai • cdt truyen • nhan vat • hanh d o n g • chii de • diem nhin phtfc tgp cua vdn bdn (Range of Reading and Level of Text • c o t truyen • x u n g dot • nhan vat • boi canh • chu de - d i e m nhln Complexity) 10 D q e va hieu cac v a n ban van hpe c u n g n h U van b a n t h d n g t i n p h d c t a p m d t each d d c lap va Tho t h a n h thao."^ 2.2 D e d a p d n g yeu cau ve d o c hieu neu t r o n g c h u a n c h u n g , cac sach g i a o khoa Van hoc cua Hoa Kr' da d u o c bien soan m d t each het sdc c d n g p h u , giau t i n h khoa h o c v a t i n h sU p h a m , da d a n g va hap d a n Kich Common core state standards forEngli shLanguageArts htlpV/wwwcorestand Cu the la bo Dougal Littell Mc (2010) Literature, Grade6 -Grade 12 • ldi dao dien • • • • • • • cdt truyen xung ddt nhan vat bdi canh chii de diem nhin ngudl ke • • • • • • • cdt truyen x u n g ddt nhanvat bdi canh chu de d i e m nhin ngudl ke •hinh dang •ddng tho • khd tho •nhiptho •van tho • ngudl phat n g d n • h i n h anh • am t h a n h • n g o n n g d hinh t u o n g • cdt truyen • nhan vat •hanh ddng •hdi/canh • hdi/canh • d d i thoai • ddi thoai • ldi dao dien • loi dao dien • ddc thoai •phuong ngu SO139,THANGW2017.7 NGHIEN CUfU Ll LUAN Bang 2: Cdc sau doe Cac chien luqc doc {Strategies for Reading) dUOc cai dat Cac giai doan doc vao ea giai doan nay, Chien luac TrUdc doc: doc thuc chat la phuong phap, each Can hieu minh doc gi va tai thdc doc duoc trinh bay gan vdi cac the loai Idn nhu Doc tha tU sU; Doc Trong doc: truyen tho; Doc tho trCl tinh; Doc tha Kiem tra viec hieu ciia ban trao phung; Doc tha Dudng ludt, Doc tho Hai cu hoac Doc thotdngUcdnh lich stf vdn hoa; Doc tha ttf phang Sau doc: cdch tdc gid Tuy nhien, chien luoc Phan tich doan tuyen lUa va doc chu yeu the hien d mdt sd yeu kham pha tu tudng chinh cau chung sau, - Tong quan ve van ban ehii yeu de nhan dien hinh thdc van ban, - Xde dmh muc tieu doc: dmh hudng nhiem vu doc hieu van ban, - Doc dien cam: de nhan dien cac phuong tien tao am (nhat la tho) - Hinh dung: tudng tuong the gidi nghe thuat van ban (ngudi phat ngdn, hinh anh, cam xuc, nhan vat ) - Ket nor van dung nhdng trai nghiem van hoc va thuc tien ciia ngUdi doc vao cam nhan va phan tich cac yeu td van ban ' Tao suy ludn cat nghfa bieu tuong, cac yeu td va thdng diep cua van ban., - Qudn II viec doc kiem soat qua trinh giai ma va kien tao y nghfa - Du kien ket ludn/ khai quat hda/tdng hop de hieu thdng diep ciia van ban Ngoai ra, cac cach doc dUOc ren luyen theo tdng td tao nen cac the loai nhu bang tren Chang han, mudn hieu ve nhan vat trd tinh/ngudi phat ngdn van ban tho hoac mudn hieu ve van, nhip bai tha,.thudng cd cac yeu cau tim hieu giai doan trudc doc hieu Sau day la md hinh hudng dSn doc hieu truyen Cam nang doc hieu'• Ooc nhan de cua truyen- doc hay chu y xem nhan de truyen cd y nghia gi dac biet • Nam duoc mach cac sU kien da xay Cdt truyen duoc hinh bdi cac sU kien theo hinh sau; dinli diem I thoai trao phat sinh liUnli tlong \ sidi quyet van de • Tu nhdng chi tiet ma nha van cung cap, hay hinh dung, tudng tUOng ve cac nhan vat Du doan nhdng gi CO the xay tiep theo dang edu hoi eho doe hiiu Loai cau hdi LUa chon doe cai gl? Tai tdi doc' Oe tieu khien hay de hoc hdi' Oieu gi xay viec lUa chon? Phan nao khd hieu ddi vdi tdi' NhUng chi tiet nao giup tdi hinh dung canh tuong tam tri minh? Chii de cua doan trich [ lUa chon) co the la gi? Thdng diep cudc sdng d day la gl' Dieu gi la thdng nhat phong cach/ldi viet cua tae gia • Hay rim kiem cac cht tiet giup ban hinh dung bdi canh - thdi gian va dia diem ma sUviec da xuat hien * Cdu hdi cho doc hiiu Cd nhieu dang cau hdi hUdng dan doe hieu mdt van ban gan vdi giai doan doc (trudc, va sau doe) (Bang 2) Tuy nhien, cd the thay loai cau hdi sau dge la cae cau hot chinh giup ngUdi doc hieu, phan tich, kham pha tutudng va danh gia van ban Cac cau hdicu the rat phong phu va g3n vdi ndi dung tdng van ban, nhung duoc khai quat loai Idn, cd the coi dd la md hinh cau hdi doe hieu van ban- tac pham Ba loai cau hdi la: -Hiiu (comprehension) chii yeu kiem tra ndi dung thdng tin, thudng sddung cae ddng tdhdi nhU hay nhd lai (recall); hay lam rd (clarify), hay tdm tat [summary) - Phan tich vdn hoc (literary analysis): chi ra, phan tich vai trd, mdi quan he giua hinh thdc va ndi dung van ban Oay la phan tam va cd nhieu dang cau hdi nhU: hay phan tich (analyze); hay chi dinh diem hoac budc ngoat cua truyen (recognize climax); hay riit ket luan (draw conclusions), hay giai thich chii de [interpret theme), danh gia (evaluate), khai quat/ tong hop (synthesize) - Phi binh vdn hge (literary criticism)' nhan xet, danh gia gia tn cua van ban, thudng vdi yeu cau giai thich cd phe phan [critical interpretation) Tham khao them mdt sd sach giao khoa nha truong Australia" cung thay md hinh cau hdi tuang tu, thudng theo yeu eau viec doc hieu; a) Noi ve cai g i ' (what is being said') b) Cd y nghia g i ' (what does it mean?) c) Tdi nghi gi ve dieu d o ' (what I think about it'}, Td day ma thiet ke md hinh eau hdi doc hieu Cau hdi dau yeu cau ngudi doc nam duoc nghia den, noi dung tudng mmh van ban; cau hot thU hai yeu cau hieu nghia bong, ndi dung ham an van ban, cau hdi thu ba huong den ngudi doc lien he, nhan xet danh gia ve dieu mmh da hieu Co the ndi, doc hieu la toan bd qua tnnh tiep xuc S Amanda Ford, Elizabeth Haywood (2010}, Success^ Comprehemion Oxford University Press Australia • KHOA HOC GIAO OUC NGHIEN CflU Ll LUAN true tiep vdi van ban (gdm qua trinh cam thu ki hieu vat chat va nhan y nghia ciia nhdng ki hieu dd); la qua trinh nhan thdc, qua trinh tu (tiep nhan, phan tich, li giai y nghfa ciia van ban, phat hien y nghfa khdng cd sin gida cae ddng van, dpc nhdng bieu tuong, an y ciia van ban va dien dat lai bSng Idi cua ngudi doc, kien tao y nghfa van ban):laqua trinh phan hdi, sddung van ban (sd thay ddi nhan thdc, tU tudng, rinh cam ciia ngUdi dpc, rim y nghia lich sir, gia tri eua van ban cae thdi dai khae nhau) 3.€>jnh hudng va yeu cau vedoc hieu cua chdcrng trinh NgCfvan mdi 3.1 Dinh hUdng chung cua mon hge Dmh hudng phat trien ciia CT Ngd van mdi duac ghi van ban CT gido due thong tong the (2017) nhusau [1]"Ngdvanlamdn hoc bat budc td lap den Idp 12 Ndi dung cdt ldi bao gdm cac mach kien thdc va ki nang ca ban, thiet yeu ve tieng Viet va van hoc, phu hop vdi cac yeu cau can dat ve pham chat va nang lUc cita HS dtdng cap hoc Trong CT giao due phd thdng, ndi dung mdn Ngd v^n duoc phan chia theo hai giai doan: - Giai dogn giao due ca bdn: Mdn hoc cd ten la Tieng Viet d cap Tieu hoe va Ngd van d cap Trung hoc CO sd, Ket thuc giai doan giao due CO ban, HS cdt he sddung tieng Viet thao de giao tiep hieu qua cudc sdng hang va hoc tap tdt cac mdn hoc khae; cd the doc, viet, ndi va nghe cac loai van ban phd bien va thiet yeu, gdm van ban van hoc, nghi luan va thdng tin; ddng thdi qua mdn hoc, HS duac bdi duong va phat trien ve tam hdn va nhan each, CT duoc thiet ke theo cae mach not dung ehinh, doc, viet, ndi va nghe Kien thUc tieng Viet va van hoe duoc tieh hop qua trinh day hoc doc, viet, ndi va nghe Cae ngd lieu duoc lUa chon va sap xep phu hop vdi kha nang tiep nhan ciia HS d moi cap hoc - Giai dogn gido due dinh hudng nghi nghiep: Mdn hoc giup HS nang eao nang luc sd dung tieng Viet cac hoat ddng hoc tap va thuc tien ddi sdng, ddng thdi tiep can vdi mdt sd ndi dung hoc tap cd lien quan den dmh hudng nghe nghiep, dap Ung sd thich va nhu cau hoc tap ciia ngudi hoc giai doan nay, CT mdn hoc tiep tuc cung cd cac mach ndi dung cua giai doan giao due co ban, giiip HS phat tnen toan dien cac kl nang doc, viet, ndi va nghe; qua dd phat tnen tu ddc lap, sang tao va kha nang lap luan, chii y nhieu han den tmh chat cdng cu cua mdn hoc, the hien qua viec tang cudng nang lUc tiep nhan va nang luc tao lap van ban nghi luan, van ban thdng tin cd dd phdc tap hon ve chude va kf thuat viet, giup HScdca hdi doc nhieu va doc sau han cac tac pham van hoc theo the loai, giai doan van hoc hay phong cach sang tae, trang bi mdt sd kien thdc lieh sdvan hoc, If luan van hoc cd tac dung thiet thuc ddi voi viec doc va viet ve van hoc CT cung quan tam thieh dang den doc, viet, noi va nghe cac loai van ban cd lien quan den cac nganh ffi nghe; ddng thdi giup HS cd nhdng hieu biet tdang ddi tdng quat ve cac llnh vUc nghien cdu ngon ngd va van hoc, kha nang ung dung cac nang luc ve ngdn ngd va van hoc ddi sdng va edng viec, td dd kham pha sd thich, nang lde ciia ban than de dmh hudng nghe nghiep tuong lai"[1] TU dmh hudng tren, cd the thay yeu cau bao trum len tat ca cae khau eua qua trinh day hoc Ngd van la tap trung vao viec hinh va phat trien nang lUC cho HS, nang luc giao tiep, dac biet la giao tiep ngdn ngd (nang lUe ngdn ngd), dd bao ham ea nang luc giao tiep da phuang thdc (ngdn ngd ket hap vdi hinh anh, bieu dd, ki hieu, ,) So vdi dmh hudng ciia CT hien hanh, diem khae biet Idn nhat la CT mdi col phdt tnen ndng lUc giao tiep ngon ngtf d tdt cd cdc hinh thtfe doe, viet, n6i vd nghe, bao gom ca ndng Itfc giao tiep da phuang thtfe Nhiem vy eua day doc hieu theo yeu cau phat trien nang lire nha trUdng khdng chi giup HS hieu, tiep nhan duoc cai hay, cai dep ciia nhdng van ban van hoc cu the ma thdng qua viec day doc cdn giup HS biet cdch doc hieu, cdehgidimd loai van ban nay, cao hon nUa phai biet van dyng each doc hieu ay de tU doe cac van b^n van hoc tuang tU Day la mdt nhiem vu va yeu cau rat nang ne, nhSm khae phuc tinh trang doc thy ddng day hoe van d nha trudng thay doc hd, cam nhan, hieu va phan tich hd, HS ehi biet tiep thu, ISng nghe, nhae lai nhdng gi thay cd giang va eho ghi, dac biet la hoan toan lung tung, be tac truoc nhdng van ban-tac pham khdng cd CT, chua dUOc nghe giang 3.2 Yiu cdu vi doc hiiu chuang trinh Ngtf vdn mdi CT Ngd van mdi nhan thUc rat rd vai trd cua viee doc hieu va day hoc doc hieu cho HS Thdng qua eae hoat ddng doe va tiep nhan van ban, nhat la van ban van hoc, ngudi hoe duoc tiep xuc, ghi nho, phan tfch, binh luan nhdng ang van cd gia tn cao ciia van hoc dan tdc va nhan loai, nhdng van ban nghi luan tieu bieu, nhdng van ban thdng tin da dang ve kieu loai, phong phii ve de tai Nhd dd, ngUdi hoc cd duoc each doc, phuong phap doc, td dd hinh va phat tnen nang lUc tiep nhan van ban, nang luctuduy, nang luetham ml, dap Ung ddi hdi ciia cac cap hoc, ciia thi trudng lao ddng va cua ddi sdng Qua hoat ddng doc, ngudi hoc cung duoc trang bl nhdng hieu biet ve van hoe, van hda, ngdn ngd; bdi dudng tutudng, tinh cam va ldi sdng cao dep, nhan van, phu hop voi truyen thdng ciia dan tdc va yeu cau ciia thdi dai Oe hoan sd menh tren, du thao CT Ngd van moi de xuat 03 yeu cau can dat (chuan ket qua) ve doc hieu van ban nha trudng nhu sau 2.1 Hieu noi dung vdn bdn Nhan biet duac cac chi tiet, ndi dung cu the cua van ban, tdm tat dUOc dien bien ciia cau truyen, vd kich, mach cam xuc cua bai tho; hieu nghia tudng minh va ham an ciia van ban, din duoc cac bang chung cu SO 139-THANG4/2017 • Q NGHIEN CIJU Li LUAN t h e t d t r o n g v a n b a n lam sang t d c h o y n g h i a da h i e u ; t d d d n h a n biet, giai t h i c h , p h a n tieh, d a n h gia d e tai, c h i i d e ciia v a n b a n , giai t h i c h y n g h i a n h a n de van b a n va each xac d i n h c h i i d e Ndi d u n g v a n b a n k h d n g ehi la n h d n g gi hien n g d n , t u d n g m i n h [be noi) m a c d n la n h d n g t h d n g d i e p h a m an, k h u a t lap phia sau cac c o n chd, cac hinh t h d c t h e hien, nhat la vdt v a n b a n v a n hoe N h d n g ndi d u n g h a m an ay, k h d n g ehi xuat hien d o sU da n g h i a t d cac p h u a n g t h d e bieu dat va chat lieu n g d n t d n g h e t h u a t ma c d n smh t r o n g qua t r i n h t u a n g tae vdi ngUdi doe, m u c d i c h , n h i e m v u va bdi c a n h d o c 3.2-2- Hieu hinh thtfc the hien H i n h thdc ciia van ban t h e hien t r e n hai b i n h d i e n Idn; N g d n n g u v a t h e loai Hieu n g d n n g d v a n b a n la hieu n g h e t h u a t sd d u n g n g d n n g d : n h d n g net dac s i c each d u n g t u , dat cau, t o ehdc d o a n van, cac bien p h a p t u tU, t o ehdc chdc d i e n n g d n ; cac yeu t d t h u d c n g d n n g d ndi va n g d n n g u viet, n g d n n g d ke c h u y e n , n g d n n g d d d i t h o a i ; n g d n n g d tU nhien va cac p h u a n g t i e n giao t i e p phi n g d n ngd TU d d p h a n tieh, d a n h gia d u a e s u p h u h o p ciia cac yeu t d n g d n n g d t r o n g viee bieu d a t n d i d u n g van ban t i e u t h u y e t ; t h o , kich va kf T r o n g m o i t h e loai lai c d cac t i e u loat M o i t h e ioai ed n h d n g t h a n h t d t a o n e n dac trUng cua t h e loai d o LUa c h o n cae v a n b i n t i e u bieu ve t h e loai se g i u p c h o viec h i n h t h a n h each doe, phUdng p h a p doc, t d d d p h a t t r i e n n a n g l u e t u d o c (dpc d d c lapi n d e p e n d e n t reading) c) N g d lieu phai t i e u b i e u eho t h a n h t U u v a n hoc v a n hda d a n tdc, n h a n loai va p h u h d p vdt t r i n h do, tamsinh li Ida t u o i hoc smh cac cap.Tieu chf xuat phat t d y e u cau vda p h a i g i a o d u e e h o hoe sinh n h d n g gia t n van hien t r u y e n t h d n g ciia d a n t d e n h u t i n h t h a n yeu nudc,y t h d c v e d d c l a p , e h i l q u y e n q u o c g i a ; Idng n h a n ai, khoan d u n g , t i n h yeu c h a n t h i e n m l , y e u t h i e n n h i e n ; vUa phai d a p Ung d u o c h d n g t h i i , sd t h i c h n e n g ciia cae e m , dem lai m e m vui t r o n g viee h o c N g d v a n d) N g d lieu ke t h d a cac v a n b a n da c d t r o n g CT va sach g i a o khoa hien h a n h , n h U n g c d t h e b d t r i lai d cac Idp c h o p h u h o p vdi y e u cau m d i Cae v a n b a n t r o n g CT h i e n h a n h da qua t u y e n c h o n ; q u e n t h u o c vdi giao vien; t u y n h i e n d o m u c t i e u v l y e u cau cua CT m d i can ed su lua c h o n v l s i p xep iai n h a m p h u c v u t d t n h a t viec phat t r i e n n a n g lUc d o c hieu ciia hoc s i n h Hieu t h e loai la hieu dae trUng va vai t r d , tac d u n g cua cac t h e loai- can nhdn biet, mieu td, phdn tich, so sdnh, ddnh gid cac yeu t d van hoc nhU boi cdnh, cot truyen, xung dot truyen, nhdn vdt, tinh tiet van, nhip, dong tha, kho tho, mdn kich t r o n g cac van b a n t h u d c eae t h e loai v a n hoc CO ban t r o n g nha t r u d n g n h u truyen, tho, kich, ki, Phan tich, d a n h gia sU p h i i h o p cua t h e loai d u a e c h o n ddi vdi muc dich va ddi t U o n g t i e p n h a n cua van ban 3-2.3 Vdn dung, lien he, so sdnh ngodi vdn bdn Hieu van ban c d n t h e hien d y e u cau biet p h a n t i c h , so sanh, d a n h gia q u a n he giua ndi d u n g ciia v a n ban voi bdi canh lich sd, xa hdi va v a n hda So sanh, d a n h gia cac tae gia, v a n ban, t h e loai cd lien he vdi n h a u ve t h d i g i a n , de tai, ehil de, hoac p h o n g each sang tac So sanh, d a n h gia van ban viet b i n g n g d n n g d tU nhien vdi v a n b a n da p h u o n g t h d c ed lien he vdi n h a u ve de t a i , c h u d e , cdt t r u y e n , hoac n h a n vat Phan tich, so sanh, d a n h gia q u a n he gida ndi d u n g cua van b a n va trai n g h i e m eiia ngUdi doc, n h d n g bai hoc riit t d v i e c doc van b a n , d a n h gia, phe b i n h van ban dUa t r e n trai n g h i e m va t n t h u c da cd (tn thdc nen) ciia n g u d i doc 3.3 Yeu cdu ngtf liiu doc hiiu vdn bdn vdn hge Viec lua c h o n van ban van hoc lam n g d lieu t r o n g day doc hieu phai dUa tren cac yeu cau sau a) N g d lieu phai p h u h o p va p h u c v u true t i e p c h o viec h m h t h a n h , phat t t i e n p h a m chat va n a n g luc, dac biet la cac p h a m chat n h u yeu nudc, n h a n ai, yeu lao d d n g , t u t r o n g va trach n h i e m cac n a n g luc doc, viet, n g h e va ndi c u n g voi n a n g luc t h a m m l va cac n a n g lUc cdt Idi khae b) N g d heu phai hay, dac sic, tieu bieu cho cac t h e loai van ban van hoc dUac day hoc t r o n g p h a m vi nha t r u d n g p h o t h d n g t h e o yeu cau cua CT m d n hoc Van ban van hoc d u o c xac d m h g d m t h e loai Ion la t r u y e n / • KHOA HOC GIAO DUG e) Chii y b a o d a m sU c a n d d i t u a n g ddt giua cac t h e loai [ t r u y e n , t h a , ki, kich), g i d a v a n hoc t r u n g dai va v a n hoc hien dai, g i d a v a n h o c d a n gian v l v a n hoc viet, giUa v a n hoc d a n t d c K m h va d a n t d c t h i e u sd, gida van h o c Viet N a m va v a n h o c n u d c n g o a i , gida D d n g va Tay "Su can d d i " d u o c x e m xet t r o n g t o a n b d giai d o a n hoac cap hoe, t h e o m d t t i le t h i c h h o p , c h d k h d n g phai cd tl le bang f ) CT N g d v a n m d i k h d n g q u y d m h c u t h e cac van b a n v a n hoc d u a c d a y t r o n g t U n g Idp Tuy vay, mdt sd tac p h a m q u a n t r o n g b i t b u d c d a y h o c t r o n g nha t r u d n g dUOc xac d i n h ro n h U : Nam quoc san hd (tUong t r u y e n ciia Li T h u d n g Klet), Hich tUdng si cua Tran Qudc T u a n , Binh Ngo dai cdo cua N g u y e n Trai, Truyen Kieu eua N g u y e n D u , Vdn te nghia si Can Giuoc eua N g u y e n Dinh C h i e u , Tuyen ngon doc Idp cua H d C h i M i n h N g o l i ra, CT c d n c d m d t p h u luc cac v a n b a n d u a c k h u y e n nghi day t r o n g nha t r u d n g d e tac g i l s l e h g i a o khoa va giao vien t h a m k h I o , h i n h d u n g d u a c d d k h d , d o d l i v l sUthich h o p ve t h e loai, d e tai ciia van b a n d d i vdi t d n g Idp hoc, N g o a i v a n b i n d u g c d a y d o c d t r u d n g , HS can tU doc t h e m cac v a n b a n m a m i n h y e u t h f c h vdi sd l u o n g tdi t h i e u t h e o q u y d i n h Giao v i e n c a n h u d n g d a n , hd tro HS t u d o c v a c d h i n h t h d c k i e m tra, d a n h gia ket qua tU d o c eiia HS Ket l u a n Day hoc N g d van t h e o d m h h u d n g day e l c h tiep n h a n va giai m a v a n b a n , g i i i p c h o n g u d i hoc t d cho doc c d h u d n g d i n ciia g i a o v i e n d e n biet t d m i n h doc hieu, biet each gia m a , t u k h a m pha ve d e p cua v a n b i n la mot xu h u d n g m a n g t i n h p h d q u a t t r o n g CT m d n hoc cua n h i e u n u d c p h a t t n e n C h u a n g t r i n h N g u v a n m d i ciia Viet N a m dang NGHIEN ClirULl LUAN dugc bien soan theo yeu cau "dot mdi eIn bin toln dien giao dye va dao tao", dap dng yeu eau can hinh va phat trien eho HS nhdng pham chat va nang lUc can thiet ciia ngudi lao ddng mdi nen khdng the khdng chu y tdi xu hudng day hpe doe hieu da neu Hien thyc hda duge xu hudng day doe hieu se la mdt bude tien quan trong viee phat tnen CT mdn hoc cung nhutrong viec day hoc Ngd van d n h l trudng phd thdng Viet Nam TAILIIUTHAMKHAO [1 ], Bd Giao due va Oao tao, (2017), Dtfthdo Chuong trinh Gido ducpho thong tSng the [2] Bd Gilo due va Oao tao, (2017), Duthdo chuang trinh mdn Ngdvan [3], CCSSO and NGA-USA,(2010), Common Core State Standards for English Language Arts, Literacyin History Social Studies, Science, and Technical Subjects [4].M Douga\,{20^Q), Literature for grade 6-12 RECEIVING AND DECIPHERING LITERARYTEXTS IN THE NEW PHILOLOGY CURRICULUM Do Ngoc Thong The Vietnam Institute of Educational Sciences Email: thongdongoc@yahoo.com Abstract: The article deals with the issue of reception and decoding of literary texts in the new Philology curriculum In this article, the author analyzes:!) the international trend and perception oftext reading comprehension; 2/Orientation and reading requirements of the New Philology curriculum- According to the author In the new school curriculum Philology contents are divided into two phases, that is the phase of basic education and vocational education phase The requirements for reading comprehension in the school include, understanding of the text; understanding of the expression, application, connection and comparison outside the text In literary texts, linguistic writing for al! grades mu be narrative and lyrical The difficulty of reading texts increases over the school years Time amount for teaching each te must be compatible with the length and complexity of the text so that the teacher can help students reach the full text, students have opportunities to read directly and completely the selected works Keywords: Text; literary text; text reading comprehension, New Philology curriculum SO 139-THANG V Q 11 ... hieu da neu Hien thyc hda duge xu hudng day doe hieu se la mdt bude tien quan trong viee phat tnen CT mdn hoc cung nhutrong viec day hoc Ngd van d n h l trudng phd thdng Viet Nam TAILIIUTHAMKHAO... Viet va van hoc, phu hop vdi cac yeu cau can dat ve pham chat va nang lUc cita HS dtdng cap hoc Trong CT giao due phd thdng, ndi dung mdn Ngd v^n duoc phan chia theo hai giai doan: - Giai dogn... hieu minh doc gi va tai thdc doc duoc trinh bay gan vdi cac the loai Idn nhu Doc tha tU sU; Doc Trong doc: truyen tho; Doc tho trCl tinh; Doc tha Kiem tra viec hieu ciia ban trao phung; Doc tha