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Ky nang tiep nhan va ky nang xif ly thong tin trong qua trinh hoc tap PGS TS D a n g T h a n h Hi fng Trudng Ogi hoe sUphgm Hd Ngi 2 Tom tat Tiep nhan va xd ly thdng tin hpc tap la nhdng ky nang hoc t[.]
Ky nang tiep nhan va ky nang xif ly thong tin qua trinh hoc tap PGS T S D a n g T h a n h H i f n g Trudng Ogi hoe sUphgm Hd Ngi Tom tat Tiep nhan va xd ly thdng tin hpc tap la nhdng ky nang hoc tap ed ban dddc nhac nhieu cac nghien cdu t d quan diem thdng tin hpc Nhdng chung chda thdc sd ddpc mp ta khoa hpc rd rang t d gdc dp ly luan day hpc Bai gdp phan lam sang td ban chat va eau true cua hai ky nang TCf khoa: Ky ndng, kyndng tiep nhgn, ky ndng xd l-y thong tin Abstract Receiving and processing information are basic academic skills prompted many in the researches of information science But they have not really been clearly described in term of learning theory This article contributes to clarify the nature and structure of the two skills Keyword: Skiiis, information receiving and processing skills quat hda thi chda phai hanh ddng khai quat hda, kha Dat van de Kynang tiep nhanthdng tin hpe tap va kynang xdly nang lai xe thi chua phai ky nang lai xe thdng tin hpc tap la mot so nhdng ky nang nhan Thong tin va thdng tin hpc tap cung la van de thdc hpe tap, ed vai trd hang dau toan bd nhdng can dugc hieu va giai thich phu hop, bdi vi d khdng it ky nang hpc tap co ban (2004)"' Nhdng ky noi chung chua dddc giai thich rd rang •",'" Vi du gpi nang tieh hpp cac thao tae quan ly thdng tin vdi feedback la thdng tin thi khdng chinh xac, vi nd la tin nhdng hanh vi nhan thdc phu hdp n h d quan sat ( c d s d hieu phan hoi Thong tin (information) la tri giac cd chu dinh), nhan dien, ghi nhd, to ehdc, bien tinh von cd cua sU vdt hay cua ngUdi dgc trUng cho Sn doi va ap dung thdng tin de hpe tap va giai quyet van dinh (hay ndi ngUgc igi Id bdt dinh) ciia no hay cua de nhan thdc hpe tap Tren phdong dien thdng ngudi thugc tinh dugc phdt vd tdc dgng den dUdchieuld thugc tin hpc nhieu nghien cdu da phan tich qua trinh thdng ngudi hogc ngUdi khde Su vat hay ngddi eang bat djnh tin vdi md hinh he thong hoac mo hinh hop den '" thi Idong t h d n g tin phat cang nhieu, ngdde lai cang Nhung ve phuong dien giao due thi nhdng ky nang ndi tlnh lang thi luong t h o n g tin phat cang it Trudc mpt tren chda ddpc md ta rd rang ngudi tram tlnh, kin mieng hay im lim, ta se thu dddc rat Vai tro ciia ky nang tiep nhan va ky nang xii ly thong tin hoc tap hpc tam ly, xa hpi hpe, sinh hpc cang sddung it thdng tin Chinh vi the khoa hpc quan ly, khoa nhieu cac phddng phap va ky thuat cua khoa hpc hanh TrUdc het can hieu mpt each thong nhat ky nang la vi de nghien edu hanh ddng cua eon ngddi va sUvat'" gl Bai de cap khai niem ky nang theo quan diem thdc te da dupc Oang Thanh Hdng m d t5 nam 2010'"' Gida d d lieu, thdng tin va tri thde ed nhdng quan Do ia mgt dgng hanh dgng tugidc, dda tren cdc dieu kien he cu the va ed eung ban chat Khi nd mdi me thi dd sinh hgc, tdm l-y va xd hgi d cdnhan, duac thuc hien co ky la thdng tin, biet rdi thi nd la tri thdc, va ca hai thd thugt vd CO su kie'm sodt thudng true cua y thdc, dgt ket dinh den sd can thiep chu quan cua ngddi (thu qua thoa mdn nhdng yeu cdu hay chudn nhdt dinh thap, x d ly, ap d u n g , phan phdi, Idu gid ) thi ed the nhdng dieu kien nhdt dinh Ky nang khdng phai la kha gpi chung la d d lieu Vi vgy, thong tin hgc tap la dgng nang hanh dpng, ma la chinh hanh dpng (ke ea hanh thong tin true tiep idm nguon goc cua tri thiic ma ngUdI dpng tri tue lan hanh dpng vat chat) Kha nang khai hgc dang cdn thu thdp vd tap hgp, can xd ly de trd [18] KHOAHOCDAYNGHE So 36 thang 9/2016 npi dung hge tap hay hoc vdn cua cd nhdn, tdc id tri thdc, ky ndng, gid tri cua rieng minh n o d d d i d a n g dCl lieu co cau triJc n h a t d i n h p h u Ky nang tiep nhan va ky nang xd ly thdng tin hoc tap la nhdng ky nang theo nghia hanh ddng thuc te nen chung tdong tac true tiep vdi thdng tin, chd khdng phai loai ky nang suy nghi d dau Chung cd vai trd hang dau qua trinh hpc tap IVlpi ky nang hpc tap khac, n h d giao tiep, quan ly thdi gian, quan ly nguon Idc, tao dung eae quan he hpe tap, danh gia, hieu, thao luan, tranh luan, s d d u n g hpc lieu v.v deu phai dda vao tiep nhan va xd ly thdng tin hpc tap Khdng cd thdng tin hoac cd nhdng thdng tin vd nghia (khong dupc x d ly) thi ngddi hpe khdng the lam gi duoc tiep sau y e u cau h g c t a p cua m i n h , d a t t d i ke't q u a cu t h e Hai ky nang giup ngddi hpc dinh hUPng viec hoc, dieu ehinh hanh vi hoc tap, lap t u lieu lam viec va thieh ung vdi mdi trudng hpe tap Chung giup ngudi hpc sp bp biet each tiep nhan cai gi va khdng can tiep nhan cai gl mdi trudng cd rat nhieu loai thdng tin khae va phdc tap, tiep nhan n h u t h e nao va sau dd xd ly nhung gi da tiep nhan de giup ich cho muc dich hpc tap (Viae dii la hai ky nang khae va ed vai trd khae nhung tren thue te khdng the tach rdi viee tiep nhan thdng tin va viec x d ly thdng tin Nhdng viec ludn di lien vdi [2].Tiep nhan roi xdly, xd ly roi lai tiep nhan, ed nhu vay dd la mpt loat hanh dpng lien tue Ban chat va cau true cua ky nang tiep nhan thong tin hoc tap Ban chat tam ly eua ky nang tiep nhan thong tin ehinh la su ket hpp hanh ddng tri giae thong tin cd ehu dinh cung vdi sd dung tri nhd va t d de dinh hudng ban dau mdi trudng thdng tin, tde la cd can cd de ehu y den thdng tin, xem xet nd theo muc dich cua minh Oua trinh thye chat la quan sat tryc tiep (Direct Observation) cac nguon thdng tin nhu van ban dang in, dang so hda, dang audio hay multimedia hoac cae dang vat ly khae n h y anh sang, rung lae, mau sSc, kich thudc, khdi luong, va ndi chung ke ca hanh vi cua sUvat h o p v i d i e u k i e n xU ly t i e p t h e o , v d i m u c d i c h va la n g u d i h o c co d d g c t r i t h d c so b g va c a m t i n h ve sUvat Ky nang tiep nhan t h d n g tin gan lien vdi eac phudng phap nghien cdu dinh Iddng phd bien cua khoa hpe Mpi phdong phap nghien cdu dinh Idong deu phai can den tiep nhan thdng tin: quan sat (Observation), phdng van (Interview), tpa dam (Talking), thyc nghiem (Experiment), khao sat (Survey), dieu tra (Investigation/ Inquiry) Nghia la eae p h u a n g phap deu c d s d dung ky nang tiep nhan t h d n g tin Ngupc lai ky nang tiep nhan thdng tin chi ed nghia ddoc thuc hien quan sat, luc phdng van, qua trinh thye nghiem, nghien cdu khao sat va dieu tra [1] Khdng the tiep nhan t h d n g tin vu vo ngoai nhdng phuong phap dinh ldpng Trddng hop tlnh c d t h u ddoc thdng tin vu vo ma khdng cd chu dinh va khdng sd dung no vao mue dieh nhat djnh, thi hanh vi thu nhan thdng tin dd khdng phai la ky nang hpe tap hay nghien edu thyc sd Xet t d quan diem t h d n g tin, ky nang tiep nhan thdng tin hpc tap cau t d khau hay giai doan, hoac cd the xem ehung n h d la ky nang phan, hay la thao tae ehii yeu neu nhan manh cau true ky thuat cua ky nang Ky nang nhan dien thdng tin ehu yeu dya vao tri nhd y nghia, phan biet thdng tin va thdng tin kia, nhan cai nao minh can nhieu ngudn khac Od Id qud trinh nhgn ra, nhd lgi, so sdnh thong tin vdi kinh nghiem, dinh hudng chu y vdo thong tin cu the, xep cac nguon vdo cung mpt logi theo nhu cau thu thap vd tap hgp cua minh Ky nang phdn logi thong tin id hdnh dpng tien xd ly, tlie id Xil ly sd bp, co sU khdi qudt hoa de phdn nhdm, chia thong tin thdnh nhdng phgm trii chung, vi du mpt sd ngudn thupc loai t d lieu lieh sd, mpt sd nguon khac thupe loai nghien edu ly thuyet, mpt so loai khae nda thude loai sd lieu thuc nghiem theo hddng nghien cdu cy the Trong phan loai thi qua trinh hieu (Comprehention) la chu chot, bao g d m dpc hieu, nghe hieu, nhin hieu, sd hieu v.v vdi su tupng tae gida ngudi hpc va cae t h d n g diep an thdng tin Khdng hieu duoc thdng tin thi khdng the phan loai ddpc De K hieu thong tin thi khdng ehi dpc van ban ma ed nhieu kenh khae, v i d u nghe, nhin, suy ngam va dae biet la bdng hieu (Insight) Cdu true Ky ndng tiep nhgn TTHT Khdi niem: Ky n a n g t i e p n h a n t h o n g t i n hoc t a p la ky n a n g hoc t a p c h o p h e p ngUoi hpc t h u t h a p duge t h o n g t i n can t h i e t va c h o n loc, Idu giCf Ky ndng iuu gid thong tin id hanh dpng bao todn nguyen trgng thong tin da tap hop dUgc dddi cac dang khae nhau: hinh anh hay m d hinh tam ly (tri nhd, t u d u y So 36 thang 9/2016 KHO A HOC D A Y NGHE [19] tddng tddng, quan niem), co sd dOf lieu dang in hoac Cae hanh dpng t d d u y chi la cho dda tam ly, ky nang dang sd hda, m d hinh, sa ban hoae eac cong eu logic x d ly t h d n g tin hpc tap phai la hanh d p n g vat chat Tdc khac nhd bleu thdng ke, so 36, thi, cdng thdc, ham la phai viet tdng quan, phai trinh bay, mo ta, glal thieh so, bleu thdc, hinh ve, anh chup v.v Ldu gid thdng bang ngon n g d ndi hoac n g d n n g d viet, phai phan tich tin thupe pham tru quan ly tri thdc hien dai va viec Ipgic cac sd kien va b^ng chdng da thu thap bSng cac dddc giai quyet bang rat nhieu giai phap cdng nghe cpng cu ky thuat, v.v de tien tdi ket qua cu the la Unh sd hda Vf du cac mang giao due va mang xa hdi n h d hpi noi dung hoc tap dddi dang khai quat hda Switer, Face Book, Sky, Wikipedia v.v la nhdng cong Ky nang bao g o m m p t so hanh dpng co ban cu quart ly thdng tin hay quan ly tri thdc so hda Ngudi n h d td ehdc t h d n g tin, ap d u n g t h d n g tin, bo sung hay hpc ndi chung thudng luu giu thdng tin bang each ghi bien ddi thdng tin, va g i i i quyet van de hpc tap To chite chep, chup, t d m tat lai cae van ban viet, cac thdng tin nghia id dinh dgng vd tgo cho nd mpt cdu true bang ghi am hpac video, hoac cac files de may hay hinh thdc nhdt dinh theo y dinh cua minh hgc tap tinh ca nhan, dien thoai di ddng da tdong tae n h d Ipad, Ch5ng han td ehdc mpi n g u o n t h d n g tin thu ddpc ve Iphone qua trinh hpc mpt ly thuyet hpc tap, cac Tdm lai, nhdng hanh dpng nhan dien, phan loai va ldu gid thdng tin hpc tap dddc thdc hien lien tyc, cd he thdng, ed tinh ky thuat va flat dddc ket qua eu the dap dng mue dich hpc tap nhat djnh tao ky nang tiep nhan thdng tin hpc tap - mpt ky nang hpe tap cd phan phdc hap Nhung xet ve nhiem nguyen tac hpc tap, mot m d h i n h hpe tap theo mot triet ly hay t d tddng nao dd Vi du mpi sy kien da ed hpc tap se cho phep td ehdc chung ly thuyet ve cac p h d o n g thde hpc tap cd ban: hpc bang bat chyde, hpc bang lam viee, hpc bang trai nghiem va hpc bang t d d u y ly luan vy hpe tap thdc te thi ky nang tiep nhan thdng tin Hdnh dpng dp dung thong tin hgc tap ehinh la icy hpc tap lai gdm phan Dang Thanh Hung ndng phdt trien hgc vdn vd gid tri 3d iinh hpi dendng cao, md ta ((2004)[3]) Nhung ky nang ve ban chat idm sdu sac han npi dung hgetap vd hudng tdi gidi quyet van la Nhan dien, Phan loai va Ldu gid thdng tin hpe vdn devdhinh tap.3 Ban chat va eau true cua ky nang x d ly thdng tin ap dung khong bao gid dien mdt lan la ke't thuc, bdi hpc tap vi dd la qua trinh hinh k y n a n g chuyen biet Trong Ban chat va cau true cua ky nang xur ly thong tin hoc tap ap d y n g ngddi hpc phai danh gia, so sanh thyc te vdi thdnh Ay ndng Thong t h u d n g hanh dpng ly thuyet, dieu chinh qua trinh hanh dpng va bd sung thdng tin Tren cd sd ap dung lai nhieu lan va nhieu hoan canh khac de hinh ky nang tdPng dng Trong qua trinh ap dung, thdng tin va tri thde trai qua nhieu bie'n doi de dat tdi cap hpc van edng cu, tde la ky nang, nang lyc va gia tri Hdnh dong gidi quyet vdn de la ky ndng hgc tap cho cdu true Ky ndng xCtl-y thong tin hgc tap phep ehuyen todn bp ede qud trinh tiep nhgn, xCtly thong Kynang xdly thong tin hgc tap id mpt kynang hoc tap tin trudc thdnh giai phdp eho vdn de hge tap Ky nang cho phep ngudi hoc bien doi, to chirc, bd' sung thong tin giai quyet van de ndi chung bat dau tdtie'p nhan thdng nhdng cdu true hay mo hinh nhdt dinh de'dp dung vao viec giai quyet nhiem vu hay vdn dehgc tap cua minh Ket qud eu the eua ky ndng xit l-y thong tin id quyet dinh vd gidi phdp cho van dehoc tap tin, nhdng eac giai doan trddc chi la dieu kien Sau ap dung thdng tin ed t o chde, ngudi hpc mdi thyc sU cd edng eu de giai quyet van de Dd la mpt chudi cae thao tac n h u nhan dien van de, giai thich van de, lap Ban chat tam ly cua ky nang xd ly thdng tin hpc gia thiet, tim tdi giai phap, dieu chinh gia thie't hoac dd tap chinh la qua trinh hang dpng phdc hpp dda vao lieu dya vao phan hdi, danh gia va quyet djnh ve giai eae hanh dpng hay thao tae t d logic n h d qui nap, phap, giai quyet van de bang giai phap da hinh dien djch, phan tich, tong hop, he thdng hda, khai quat hda ma ket qua la thu dupe d d lieu phan anh quan niem, nguyen tae, khai niem, phuong phap, djnh ly, md hinh v v cd the ap dung de giai quyet van de hpc tap [20] KHOAHOCDAYNGHE Cd rat nhieu m d hinh giai quyet van de Trong hpc tap thi la giai quyet van de hpe tap Chi xet thep khia eanh thdng tin thi giai quyet van de la giai doan ket thde cua qua trinh tiep nhan va x d ly thdng tin hpc So 36 thang 9/2016 tap, la hanh dpng ap dung tat ca nhdng gl da tiep nhan Le Thj Duy Hpa, (2002), Thdng tin vd vdn de tiep va x d ly de hinh giai phap va sd dung giai phap nhgn, xir ly thong tin ciia tu ngudi Viet Nam, Luan dd de giai quyet van de hpc tap, dat ket qua hpc tap an tien sl Triet hpc, Hpc vien Chinh trj qude gia Ho Chi Neu xet theo nhiem vu hpe tap thdc te thi ky nang x d ly Minh, Ha Npi, tr 196 thdng tin hpc tap lai gom phan da ddoc Oang Oang Thanh Hung, (2004), "He t h o n g ky nang Thanh Hdng m d ta ((2004)t3]).Nhdng ndi dung ciia ky hpc tap hien dai", Tgp chi Gido due, sd 78/2004, tr 25-27 nang ndi chung van la Td chde, Ap dung, Bien dpi (hay Phat trien va Bo sung) thdng tin va Giai quyet van d e h o c tap • Oang Thanh Hdng, (2010), "Nhan dien va danh gia ky nang", Tgp chl Khoa hgc Gido due, so 62 thang l l / , t r 25-28 Ke't luan Kynang tiep nhan va k y n a n g x d i y t h d n g tin hpetap la nhdng ky nang hpc tap cp ban, thudc nhdm nhdng ky nang nhan thdc Tuy nghe don gian nhdng viec md ta khoa hpc cac ky nang khdng he de dang Vai trd Oang Thanh Hdng, (2015), "Ban chat cua giao tiep va ky nang giao tiep" Tgp chl Qudn ly gido due, sd 78 thang 11/2015, tr 45-49 Lutz, S., & Huitt, W„ (2003),"lnformation processing dae biet quan trpng cua chung hpc tap cang and memory: Theory and applications" dupe khang dinh, vl vay khpa hpe giao due cang can Psychology Interactive quan tam nghien edu sau sac nhdng ky nang de tao University, 17 pages dieu kien thuan ioi eho viec giao dye ky nang hpc tap nha trddng Tat ea nhdng ky nang hpc tap khac deu phai bat dau t d ky nang tiep nhan va ky nang x d ly thong tin hpc tap Va mpi ky nang ddi ma eon ngudi cd ddpe deu phai bat dau tdeae kynang hpetap Educational Valdosta, GA: Valdosta State Nguyen Quang Tuan, (2012), Nghien cdu nang cao chat tuong xirly tin hieu cdc he thong thong tin da nguai dung, Luan an tie'n sl Ky thuat, Hpc vien ky thuat quansU, tr 121 Pham Oinh Van, (2012), Cdc bien phdp thu nhgn vd sirdung thong tin phdn hoi ve ket qud hgc tap ciia sinh Tai lieu tham khao vien de ndng cao chdt lugng dgy hgc mon Phuong phdp Anthony Ralston, (2000), Encyclopedia of computer science, Nature Pub Group ISBN 978-1-56159-248-7 Ngaynhanbai: 09/2/2016 Ngay p h a n b i e n : dgy hge d trudng dgi hgc suphgm, Luan an tien sl Giao dye hpc, Dai hpc sU pham Ha Npi, tr 155 20/9/2016 So 36 thang 9/2016 Ngay d a n g : Thang 9/2016 K H O A HOC D A Y NGHE [21] ... ly thdng tin hay quan ly tri thdc so hda Ngudi n h d td ehdc t h d n g tin, ap d u n g t h d n g tin, bo sung hay hpc ndi chung thudng luu giu thdng tin bang each ghi bien ddi thdng tin, va g... nghia, phan biet thdng tin va thdng tin kia, nhan cai nao minh can nhieu ngudn khac Od Id qud trinh nhgn ra, nhd lgi, so sdnh thong tin vdi kinh nghiem, dinh hudng chu y vdo thong tin cu the, xep cac... mdi trudng thdng tin, tde la cd can cd de ehu y den thdng tin, xem xet nd theo muc dich cua minh Oua trinh thye chat la quan sat tryc tiep (Direct Observation) cac nguon thdng tin nhu van ban