Q NGHIEN CI)U LJ LUAN NANG CAO Ki NANG NHAN THUfC TOAN HOC 0 0 BAN CHUAN Bj NGUON NHAN LUC CHO NEN KINH TE TRI THUfC Of VIET NAM TRAN VUI Tnf Ang Oai hoc Sir pham Ba! hoc Hu£ Email tranvul@yatioa cDm[.]
Q NGHIEN CI)U LJ LUAN NANG CAO Ki NANG NHAN THUfC TOAN HOC 0 BAN CHUAN Bj NGUON NHAN LUC CHO NEN KINH TE TRI THUfC Of VIET NAM TRAN VUI Tnf Ang Oai hoc Sir pham - Ba! hoc Hu£ Email: tranvul@yatioa.cDm Tom tdt: Bdi viet phdn tich nhtfng vdn di hge duae ttf kit qud ddnh gid quoc tiPISA 2012 vd 2015 vi gido due man Todn trung hoc d Viet Nam Theo tdc gid bdi viet, hoc sinh trung hoc Viet Nam dd chtfng to dugc nang lUc ndm bdt nhdng ki nang nhdn thdc todn hoc ca bdn gidi quyet cdc vdn de thUe ti theo boi cdnh Gido vien day Todn d Viet Nam c6 kiin thtfc todn cosd vdng chdc vd biet cdch phdt then tuduy todn hoe eho hoc sinh Ttf nhdng nhdn dinh eua the gidi tdc gid md td, mmh chtfng, dUa edc ddlieu ddng tin cay dephdn tich ve tiem ndng cua hoc smh vd gido vien day mon Todn Viet Nam ddo tao nguon nhdn luc tre cho nen kinh te tn thtfc Ttf khda: Kindng; nhdn thtfe; todn hoc cobdn; ngudn nhan luc tre; nen kinh ti tri thtfc (Nhdn bai ngdy 28/02/2017, Nhan ket qud phdn bien vd chlnh stfa ngdy 20/3/2017; Duyet ddng ngdy 25/04/2017) I.Oatvande Chuang trinh Oinh gil hoc sinh (HS) qudc te PISA (Programme for International Student Assessment) ciia Td chdc Hop tac va Phat tnen Kmh te OECD [Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development) gdm cae nudc cd nen kmh te phat trien tren the gidi, nham danh gil so sanh, ddi chieu nang lUc ciia HS d eae nUdc da va dang phIt trien tren pham vi toan cau Theo chung tdi, nhdng ket qua cua PISA 2012 v l PISA 2015 ve nang lUc toln cua HS Viet Nam rat ding tin cly, hiem cd kha nang thien VI vl bat cd li gi Nd chi ring, he thong giao due toln hoc phd thdng d Viet Nam II hieu qua viec cung cap cho HS nhdng kl nang nhan thdc toan hoc CO bin d nha trudng Viet Nam thUc thi "he thdng giao due tap trung"dca hai phuong dien: nhung quyet dmh lien quan den dao tao, sd dung giao vien (GV) v l cic qua trinh dieu hinh, danh gia thinh tich hoc t i p cua HS nham blo dim chat luong giao due theo chuong trinh quocgia da quy dmh [1], Hai eau hdi chinh can phai tim eau tra ldi dd laLam the nao de GV toan dUng Idp tao duoc cac hoat ddng giao due toan tdt ed the dem lai cho HS co hdi de nlng cao ki nang nhan thUc toan hoe co ban d mdc eao? Tai trinh toln hoc CO ban ciia HSd mdc cao se lam nen tang de chuan bi ngudn nhan lUe cho nen kinh te tri thdc? Trong bai viet nay, chung tdi se trao ddi cle clu tra ldi cho hai cau hdi dat nhlm li giai tai dViet Nam, HS trung hoc cd nang lUc toan hoc co ban d "mdc cao" hon trung binh cua cae nuoc tham gia PISA, la tien de de dao tao ngudn nhan luc chat luong cao cho nen kinh te tnthUc, nhung kmh te Viet Nam lai d"mdc thap" Ki nang toan hoc CO ban cua hoc sinh Viet Nam quaPtSA 2.1 Ki ndng todn hoc ca bdn cua hoe sinh Viit Nam PISA 2012 vd 2015 Dieu thuan lOi cho nen giao due Toln nudc nha la ban than HS Viet Nam rat quan tam den viec hoc toan ciia minh d nha trudng, Cac em da khdng ngdng no lUc hoe toan dudi sUc ep cua gia dmh va xa hdi Hau het, cac \2, • KHOA HOC GIAO DUC em duoc khao sat d PISA 2012 v l 2015 da ddng y vdi khang dinh sau day, "la xdng dang de nd lde viec hoc toln d nha trUdng, bdi vi kien thdc dugc trang bi se giupcacem the hien tdt nghe nghiep mong muon d cudc sdng sau nly" HS Viet Nam hoc tdt cac kl nang nhln thUc toln hoc co bin vdi li cac em can phli rat cham chi hoc t i p de qua duoc cle kl thi mdt mdi trudng gilo due dac thu phuang Odng II nang ve "hoc de thi! Oe giup HS dat tich cao, GV vdi nen tang kien thdc vdng chacdl phai chuan bi mdt luang Idn cac y tudng nhd mang tinh kl nang, quy trinh "de ren luyen cho HS t r i Idi cic van de kien thde ed "dang mau quen thude"trong cac de thi theo chuong trinh [2], [3], PISA t i p trung vao danh gia HS 15 tudi "biet dUoc nhdng gi?"vl cle em"cd the lam duoc nhdng gi vdi vdn kien thdc biet duoc?" nhdng tinh hudng gan gOi vdi cudc sdng hlng [1], Theo nghien cdu khao sat ciia OECD da riit nhdng nhan dinh sau [3]- Thu nhap qudc dan cua mdt qudc gia ti le thuan vdi trinh toln va khoa hoc ciia cle HS 15 tudi duoc danh gia, Viet Nam la mdt ngoai le Viet Nam da vUOl ngudng nang luc trung binh cua cle nudc OECD, nhUng kmh te lai vao loai ngheo nhlt cac nudc tham gia NhUvay, chung ta nen hieu rang nhan dmh dd ehi II dieu kien cln va khdng dii -dPI5A2012, Viet Nam dat 511 diem veToln/494 OECD-TB, xep thd 17 64 nudc cd nen kinh te phat trien hoac dang phat tnen tham gia, - d PISA 2015, Viet Nam dat 495 diem ve Toln/490 OECD-TB, xep thd 22 72 nudc - Td ket qua PISA, cd the thIy HS Viet Nam van dang cdn thua kem HS d cac nudc phIt trien viec gill quyet cac van de gan gUi cudc sdng hien dai, mang bdi cInh xa hdi, tich hap vdi cac khoa hoc khae lai giai quyet tdt hon cac cau hdi ve kl nang toan hoc vdi ndi dung toan-cu the - Nhdng kl nang nhan thdc toan hoc eo bin d mile eao ciia HS Viet Nam la nen tang can thiet de phIt tnen giao due toan theo hudng giai quyet van de thuc te mdi NGHIEN CIlU Li LUAN la mdt each sang tao Cy the, ti ie HSViet Nam dat mdc nang lde cao ciia mdn Toan nam 2015 la 13%, thap han mde trung binh ciia OECD II 15,3% Dac biet, mdn thi Toan nam 2012 va 2015, ti le phan tram HS dat cac nang lUc toan hoc dugc the hien d Bang dudi day, D ed kha nang van dyng kien thdc de giai quyet cae van de thUe te thudng ngay, Viec day manh nghien edu de md ta cae dae trUng tU va suy luan toln hoe eiia HS Viet Nam qua trinh "gill quyet eae van de toan hoc va thUc te" se mang lai nhieu y nghia cho giao due toan nudc nha v l tao ca hdi de bao cao khoa hoc, xuat ban Bdng Tl le phan tram HS Viet Nam dgt edc nang lUc cae an pham giao dye toan qudc te, cho the gidi biet nhdng ket qua nghien cdu ve nang tu va suy todn PISA ndm 2012 vd20l5 luan toan hpeed he thdng ciia HSViet Nam Nang Nang cao ki nang nhan thdc toan hoc ctf b^n Cum Mdc Mota lire 2012 2015 cua hoc sinh 3.1 Mdc son gido due todn cdp Trung hge Phan , Thanh thao va van 14,2 Cao 13 cua Viit Nam ttf PISA 2012 anh d u n g kien thdc toan Kht so sanh ket qua dat duoc vdi thu nhap binh t r o n g m o i tinh h u d n g quan dau ngUdi, Viet Nam xep vao nhdm nUde ed GOP Trung Lien 3,4 Biet kien thdc toan va 72,5 73 gan nhu thap nhat Chung ta danh gia cao ve tri tue ciia binh ket van d u n g duoc HS Viet Nam, xac dmh vi tri kl nang toan hoe cd ban va Thap Tai nang luc giai quyet van de thyc te, de td dd tim dUdc 1,2 Khdng t h a n h thao 13,3 14 nhdng tiep can nghien cdu giao dye ca bin lam co sd tao kien thdc toan PISA phan loai nang lUc toan hoc ba cum: tai cho doi mdi giao dye nham nudi dudng va phat trien tU toan hoc d cac mdc cao hon cho HS [4] tao, lien ket, phan anh, Mdi cum nhu vay tuong dng vdi Oay II lan dau tien gilo due thdng Viet Nam hai mUc, Tli tao dng vdi mdc 1, duoc xem la nang luc duac de cap tren ban the gidi, d vi trf ciia nhdng nUde thap Lien ket dng vdi mdc 3, chi nang lUe trung binh Phan anh dng vdi mdc 5,6 duoc danh gia II nang lye cao, thudc tdp 20 eua bang xep hang, dd la ele nUdc cd HS the hien tdt cac llnh vUe duoc danh gia [1] Ket qua Ket qua d Bang cho thay ring nang lUc toan ciia HSViet Nam tuang ddi ddng deu Oa sd cle em deu duae xac nhan nhdng kl nang toan hoc co ban ciia HS Viet Nam de phat trien giao due theo hudng gili quyet van trang bj tdt kien thdc toan eo ban, Nguoc lai, d nhieu nude khae ed sy chenh lech, phan hda cue Idn, chdng td de thdc te mdi la mdt each sang tao [2] Nhu vay, bit dau cosd bat binh dang giao due [3], Trong mdn Toan, tdnam 2012, the gidi cdng nhan HS trung hoc Viet Nam HS Viet Nam ed nang lUc tu va suy luan toln hoe eo cdcac kinang nhan thdc toan hoc caban d mde cao 3.2 Thi hiin cua hoc sinh Viet Nam PISA ban d bac cao nhung he thdng giao due chua phIt huy Diem manh cua HSViet Nam PISA 2012 II da tiem nang to Idn dd, HS chu yeu dat nang luc d mdc 3, cdn cac mdc eao 5,6 van cdn thap Cac mdc nang lUc cao the hien tdt cac kl nang toan hoc ca ban, xep thd 21/65 nly ddi hdi HS phai biet van dung sang tao cac kien thdc cao hon mdc trung binh ciia OECD Oiem yeu cua HS Viet da biet de lam nen nhdng cai gi mdi v l khdng quen Nam la viec chuyen the khdng cdng cac van de cd Idi van bdi canh thUc te sang ngdn ngd toln thudc vdi nhung dang da biet 2.2 Ndng Itfc tuduy vd suy ludn todn hoc cua hgehoc de giai quyet, cac em gili quyet rat tdt cac van de da duoc chuyen the sin mdt phan theo cac goi y sinh phd thdng Trong tam ciia chuang trinh thdng hien hinh Ve chi sd nay, HSViet Nam xep hang gan nhu thap nhat cung nhu trUdc day la kien thdc quy trinh va viec tai tao eae nudc tham gia [5] Danh gia PISA quan tam den eae chi sd the hien cua lai cac bUde giai toan mdt each tuan tU de tra ldi mdt Idp clu hdi theo dang nhat dinh HS thuong tuminh llm v l HS tham gia d bdn khia canh sau: ki nang toan hoc co ban, chuyen the van de cd Idi van theo bdi canh, toan tra ldi cac bai tap sach giao khoa va sach bai tap mdt cach ddc lap Khi dat cau hdi cho HS, hau het GV ^°^ "^"9 ^^'^'3 "^^ ^'"h Imh hoat giai quyet van de tim kiem mdt cau tra ldi "dung" cho cau hdi da neu va Su the tiien cua HSViet Nam PISA 2012 duoc trinh se giai thich tai cau tra ldi dd la dung theo chuang ^^^ ^ ^^"9 ^ Tren thuc te, van cd HS hay hoc vet edng thdc va trinh hoc dUoe quy dmh Chuong trinh ddi mdi thuc sU [neu cd) se cd g^ng giam sd luong cac kl nang ca ban nhd each tinh toan m l khdng hieu duoe y nghia ban v l cic quy trinh, nhung lai tang cac hoat ddng thuc te, chat eiia cac khai mem toln hoc co ban cd lien quan cu the de giup HS nlm bit cac y tUdng toan hoc then Nhung de van dung su thao toln hoe d l giai chdt, td dd khdng ngUng phIt tnen tU toan hoc va quyet nhdng bai toan thuc te mdi la ma HS chua bao gid gap, chic chin ddi hdi cle em phai hieu duac cle kien cic khai niem nen tang ciia mdn hoe, tUong Ung vdi Bdng The hien cua HS Viet Nam PISA 2012 mdc dd phan anh, Chuong j Kinangtoan Chuyen the van de c6 Toan hoc Tinh Imh hoat trinh mdl ciing vdi ddi ngu hocccrb^n loi van theo boi canh iJtig diing giai quyet van de GV se chuan br'mdt luong nhd cac y tudng toan hoe Idn"xuyen sudt theo tdng So vdi t r u n g Thap han mdc dd tu cua HS tU trung binh tieu hoc den trung hoc, va binh ciia OECD % % 6139-THANG4/2017 • 13 H NGHIEN CUU Ll LUAN thdc mang tinh khai niem vdi ndi dung toan cy the HS can hieu duac quy t i c ciia eae thuat toan, cic quy trinh giai toan v l y nghia ciia cac khai mem cO ban HS Viet Nam thao cac kien thdc toan eo ban, nhung can phai ket hop vdi thuc h i n h md hinh hda toan hoc mdt trudng giai quyet van de thuc te hoac toan hoc ddi hdi t u toan hoc bac cao 3.3 Ca hpi cudc song cua cd nhdn co cdc ki nangtodnhoceaban Thinh thao kl nang n h l n thdc t o l n hoc co b i n la mdt nhdng myc dich Idn ciia cac chuong trinh g i l o due toan tren the gidi de chuan bi cho HS co co hdi cude sdng ca nhan tuang lai Od I I mdt yeu td dU bao manh ve ket q u i tich cUc ddi vdi men, anh hudng den k h i nang cua minh de tham gia vao giao due sau trung hoc va thu nhap tuong lai dU kien ciia cac em, Khao sat mdi day cua OECD ve cac ki nang ciia ngudl trudng t h i n h phat hien rang [3]' "CIc kl nang nhan thdc t o l n hoc co ban ed su I n h hudng rat Idn den cac CO hdi cude sdng ciia ca nhan Nhdng ngUdi yeu ve kl nang toan hoe se g i p han che viec tiep can vao nhdng cdng viec dUOc t r i luong cao hon, v l nhdng viec lam duoc thudng nhieu hon." Vay, lam the nao m l Viet Nam co the vuat qua nhdng b i t loi ve kmh te xa hdi de the hien rat tdt hai ki PISA 2012 v l 2015? Trong nhdng nghien cdu ve mdl hen he gida "chit luong nen giao due" v l "kmh te qudc gia" OECO rut ket qua dang quan t i m [3], "Nen giao due xuat sac khdng the x l y neu khdng cd mdt mdc phat tnen kmh te cao" NhUvay, dViet Nam, giao due phd thdng da cung elp tdt nhdng kien thUc toan hoc co ban de HS tiep tuc hoc sau trung hoe, nhung nen giao due cao d i n g , dai hoc chuyen nghiep va sau dai hoc chua phat tnen duoe tiem nang ciia HS, nen khdng eung cap dUac ngudn nhan lUc tre cd kl nang nghe nghiep va tn thdc de chuan bi cho nen kmh te tn thdc thinh vUong [6] Theo Ngan hang The gioi, nen kmh te tn thuc duoc quy dmh bdi bon tru cdt, la ThU nhat, cic co cau the che dem lai Uu dai cho cle doanh nghiep va sd dung tn thdc, ThU hai, ngudn lao ddng ed tay nghe cao va he thdng giao due tdt, Thd ba, co sd tang va truy d p cdng nghe thdng tin, Thdtu, mdt vien cInh ddi mdi sdi ddng bao gdm cac vien han lam, cac khu vUc t u nhan va xa hdi dan su [7] Nhu vay, Viet Nam cd trinh dd nhan thdc toan va khoa hoc CO b i n d mde eao, la nen t i n g de chuan bi ngudn nhan luc cho nen kmh te tn thdc 3.4 NhQng dp Itfc cua xd hoi, gia dinh len viic hoc cua hge sinh Theo truyen thdng lau nay, day toan dViet Nam chu vao thUc h i n h giai bai tap voi cac ndi dung toan eu the Day toan giup HS hieu va giai duac b l i tap toan mdt each eo he thdng voi suy luan chat ehe The manh cda GV day toan dViet Nam la ludn suu tam, tdng hop va sang tao nhung quy tnnh giai toan hieu q u i de truyen lai eho HS ciia mmh Nhung rdi, theo thai gian, cae quy trinh g i l l toan ddi voi cac lop bai toan cu the, cang cang phinh Chung trd mot "ngan hang cac kien thue quy tnnh" vOi nhung quy tnnh giai eu the Khi do, mdl truong hoc toan trd mot "lo luyen ap suat 14 • KHOA HOC GIAO DUC eao'; dd, HS p h l i danh nhieu thdi gian de ren luyen nhdng quy trinh giai toan duae "tU s i n " bdi GV tren Idp, hay d ele Idp hoc them Trong mdi trudng HS co thdi quen duae GV bay s i n cho each tU toan hoc thi den luat minh ddi mat vdi nhdng b l i t o l n mdi la, khdng quen thudc, cac em se bdi rdi tUminh tim phuong an g i l l va khd cd dUOc nhdng Idi g i l i sang tao Trong moi trudng hoc t i p kieu "Id luyen ap suit cao" n h u vay, HS se mat dan kha nang t u ddc lap rat can thiet cho cudc sdng va nghe nghiep sau nly Theo khao sat cua PISA,c6 95 phan tram sd cic hieu trUdng thda nhan trudng minh cd td chdc ele hoat ddng hoc them mdn Toan, chiem ti le cao t h d b a 65 nude duae khao sat [1) Lay giao vien t o a n lam goe de nang cao ki nang cabin Chung ta can p h l i thda nhan r i n g viec GV duoc dao tao tdt ve ndidung va cd phuong phap day hoc xuat sac I I xUong song cua c i c he thdng giao due edng tren the gioi GV toan d Viet Nam ed nhdng p h i m chat nghe nghiep dang duac t r l n va p h I t huy GV todn Viet Nam cd kien thtfc todn ehde chdn-O Viet Nam, the manh ciia GV t o l n b i c trung hoe, dac biet la trung hoc phd thdng dUoc dao tao vdi kien thdc toan hoc trdu tuOng cao nen cd kien thdc "ndi dung toln-cu the" kha ehae c h i n GV toan cd k h i nang giai duoc hau het cac b l i toan coban d trung hoc theo nhieu each tiep can khlc GVIudn no lUc rim kiem each tdt nhat de truyen dat cho HS nhdng quy trinh va thuat toan cu tlie degiai toan GV todn Viet Nam day de HS eua mmh hoc GV toan da t u minh di theo mdt eon dudng thuc tien sat vdi moi loai chuang trinh ddi mdi thdi gian vda qua GV da day toan theo b i n c h i t tU nhien ciia t o l n hoc la trdu tuang, chinh xac, theo cau true, cd he thdng va dUOc chuyen the sat vdi ddi tuang HS GV ludn tU ddi mdi each day phu hop vdi tUng ddi tuang HS, Thay cd nhln vao mat hoc trd sang len vi hieu toan de day Trong dd, nha quan li nhin v I o g i l o an cd tinh ddi phd sat chuong trinh de d i n h gia va xep loai GV GV todn Viet Nam day deHS hieu toan- GV day de HS hieu duac toan va ap dung de g i l i cac bai tap saeh giao khoa theo chuong trinh mdt cach hieu q u i nhat Ban chat cua toan hoe la trdu tUang va doi hot HS phai hieu cac khai mem co ban cung vdt viec thao cac ki nang t o l n eo ban de I p dung vao giat toan, GV todn d Viet Nam biet vdn dung ed hai loai kien thtfc khdi mem va quy trinh Neu HS chi mdi nhd thuoc long cdng thdc va quy tac tinh toan ma khdng hieu thi khdng the van dung duoc kien thUc toan cua minh de giai quyet cac van de mdi la khdng quen thudc vdt cac em GV toan phan biet gida day hoc toan theo nhdng ki nang, thuat toan, quy tnnh de g i l i mdt lop bai toan cu the vd( day t o l n de HS hieu duac cac khai mem va tinh chat then chdt eua toan hoc phd thdng Viec day toan de hieu vdt nhdng thuc hanh cdng thdc va quy tac cd ndi dung toan - eu the se giup HS n l m chle cae khai mem da hoc, t u van dung ea hai loai kien thuc khai mem va quy tnnh vao giai quyet van de GV todn a Viet Nam co khd ndng thiet ke cdc hoat dong todn GV hoan toan eo k h i nang thiet ke va tao nen NGHIEN CUU Ll LUAN I cac hoat ddng giao due md de nudi dudng HS phat trien tu va cae suy luan cd 11 ehi chUOng trinh, saeh giao khoa v l thi ed ehu trpng vao danh gia "Nlng lUC tU va suy luan ed he thdng ciia HS thdng" de giai quyet cac van de khdng quen thudc, ehd khdng phli ehl de lip lai "tu da duae che bien sin bdi GV" de tra ldi cae cau hdi theo mau de thi ma HS can phai sd dung nhieu thdi gian de luyen tap GV todn d Viet Nam ed khd ndng qudn II tot Idp hoc Theo truyen thdng, sd luang HS Idp trung hoc ddng, duac xep ngdi theo hang ngang hudng len bang GV quan li tdt cac hoat ddng toan tren Idp de tao mdi trudng eho moi HS tham gia v l ren luyen cic kl nang nhan thdc toan hoc ed ban GV toan nghiem tue td chdc hoat ddng day hpe, danh gia minh mach kha nang hieu toln va kha nang van dung giai toan ciia cac em d tren Idp Ketluan Nang cao kl nang nhan thdc toan hoc cO ban de gili quyet vln de toln thUc te theo tinh hudng nen kinh te tn thde la mdt nang lUe can thiet cho moi cdng din cd mong mudn tham gia va ddng gdp vao su phat trien kinh te xa hdi Viec trang bi cho HS phd thdng nl ,dng kien thde toan hoc ea bin la "nen ting cln thiet" ddi vdi moi qudc gia dang phat trien chuan bi ngudn nhan lUc tre chat luang cao cho nen kmh te tn thdc Nen giao dye xuat sic khdng the xay neu khdng cd mdt mdc phat trien kinh te cao [8], Nen giao due d day duac hieu II c l he thdng giao due td mam non den sau dai hoc, Theo danh gil eiia PISA 2012, va 2015, HS 15 tudi cua Viet Nam thao kl nang nhan thdc toln hoc co ban d mdc cao, tren trung binh so vdi cac nUdc khu vUc v l tren the gidi, Trong nen kinh te Viet Nam dang phIt tnen d mdc thap, trd thinh mdt ngoai le gilo due theo ket qua cua OECD [3], Mdt sd nude d Chau Ada nhan thde duoc "nen kmh te tri thde thinh vUong" va chuyen tam chuang trinh toan ciia qudc gia minh hudng ve "gili quyet vln de toan thUe te" va lam the nao de nd trd thinh mdt phan ehinh ciia chuong trinh bae trung hoc, cao ding v l dai hoe han la mdt thdc the tach biet thudng bi bd qua Doi vdi Viet Nam, chung ta can phai biet phat huy "nen tang can thiet" eiia HS ve viee "thanh thao kl nang nhati thUe toan hoe ea ban" de xay ddng eae chuang trinh cao dang va dai hoc gan lien vdt boi canh thUe te de dao tao duac ngudn nhan lUc tre chat luong cao viec xly dung nen kinh te tn thdc Qua nhdng viec phan tich cac ket qua nghien cdu, chung ta cd the ket luan ring HS trung hoc ciia Viet Nam cd cae ki nang nhan thde co ban llm nen ting vdng ehae de dao tao ngudn nhan lde tre cho nen kinh te tri thdc TAILIIUTHAMKHAO [1] OECD, [2014),'P/5A 2012 results in focus: V/hat 15-year-olds know and what they ean with what they know OECD, Pans, France [2] Bloem, S-, (2013), PISA in low and middle income countries OECO Education Working Paper No 93 OECO [3] OECO, (2016), The Survey of Adult Skills: Reader's Companion, Second Edition, OECD Skills Studies, OECD Publishing, Paris, http://dx.doi org/10.1787/9789264258075-en [4], Tran Vui, (2015), Lesson study as a means to innovation for teaching and learning mathematics in Vietnam: Research lesson on the the property of the three medians in a triangle, tn Inprasttha M & Isoda M., & Iverson W P., &Yeap H B, (Eds), Lesson study: Challenges in mathematics education Series on Mathematics Educations, Vol, 3, World Scientific, Singapore, p, 273-292 [5] Le Thi My Ha, (2014), Education assessment system and PISA 2012 in Vietnam, PISA Vietnam [6] World Bank, (2013), Skilling up ViefnamPrepanng the workforce for a modern market economy Vietnam Development Report, Main report Washington DC; World Bank, http://documents.worldbank.org/ curated/en/610301468176937722/Main-report [7] World Bank, [2012), World Bank's Knowledge economic index World Bank http://siteresourees worldbank.org/intunikam/resources/2012 pdf [8] Asadullah, N M & Perera, D, L., (2015), Vietnam's PISA surprise The Diplomat, http://thediplomat eom/2015/11/vietnams-pisa-surprlse/ ENHANCING BASIC MATHEMATICAL COGNITIVE SKILLS TO PREPARE HUMAN RESOURCES FOR THE KNOWLEDGE-BASED ECONOMY IN VIETNAM Tran Vui Hue University of Education Emaih tranvui@yahoo.com Abstract: The article analyses lessons learnt from the PISA 2012 and 2015 in terms of Maths teaching at lower secondary level in Vietnam In author's opinion, secondary students in Vietnam are proven to be competent in masterin basic mathematical cognitive skills in order to solve contextualized practical problem Maths teachers in Vietnam have solid mathematical knowledge and know how to develop mathematical thinking for students From the world's perspective, the author describes, demonstrates, provides reliable data to analyze the potential of Vietnamese math teachers and students in training young human resources for the knowledge-based economy Keywords: Skill; cognition; basic Maths, young human resource; knowledge-based economy 9139-THANG 4/2017- 15 ... trien kinh te xa hdi Viec trang bi cho HS phd thdng nl ,dng kien thde toan hoc ea bin la "nen ting cln thiet" ddi vdi moi qudc gia dang phat trien chuan bi ngudn nhan lUc tre chat luang cao cho. .. tai cho doi mdi giao dye nham nudi dudng va phat trien tU toan hoc d cac mdc cao hon cho HS [4] tao, lien ket, phan anh, Mdi cum nhu vay tuong dng vdi Oay II lan dau tien gilo due thdng Viet Nam. .. Toan, tdnam 2012, the gidi cdng nhan HS trung hoc Viet Nam HS Viet Nam ed nang lUc tu va suy luan toln hoe eo cdcac kinang nhan thdc toan hoc caban d mde cao 3.2 Thi hiin cua hoc sinh Viet Nam PISA