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NGHIEN COrU Li LUAN D MO HINH PHAT TRIEN NGUON NHAN LUC DEN VONG VA QUAN LI NGUON NHAN LUC TRONG NGHIEN CtlU KHOA HOC GIAO DUC PHAN VAN KHA Wn Khoa hoc Glio due Viet Nam Email inri(lia@moeLetlu vn Tor[.]
NGHIEN COrU Li LUAN D MO HINH PHAT TRIEN NGUON NHAN LUC DEN VONG VA QUAN LI NGUON NHAN LUC TRONG NGHIEN CtlU KHOA HOC GIAO DUC PHAN VAN KHA Wn Khoa hoc Glio due Viet Nam Email: inri(lia@moeLetlu.vn Torn tdt: Bdi viet de cap den van di md hinh phdt triin ngudn nhdn luc bin vdng vd qudn linguon nhdn lUc nghien eUu khoa hoc gido due Trong bdi, tde gid trinh bay: 1/hAgt sd net khdi qudt vi ngudn nhdn lUc, vai trd cua nguon nhdn lue; Phdt trien nguon nhdn luc; 2/fifdi quan he gida qudn linguon nhdn lue vd phdt trien ngudn nhdn luc; 3/M6 hinh phdt trien nguon nhdn luc bin vOng cua ca sdgldo due; 4/Phdt trien nguon nhdn lue bin vdng cap qudc gia, bp/ngdnh, vung, dia phuang nghiin edu khoa hoc gido due Theo tde gid, eon ngudi vUa Id muc tiiu, vda Id ddng lUc cda phdt trien kinh texd hpi Id yeu td quyit dinh suhung thinh cua moi quoe gia Phdt triin nguon nhdn luc duge coi Id chia khda dihien thuc hda ede mue tiiu phdt trien kinh texd hpi, quyet dinh ndng lUc cgnh tranh bdi cdnh todn cdu hda Phdt then nguon nhdn lue Id trdeh nhiem cua ede cap qudn li nhd nUde vd cda ede ea sd gido due Tdkhdc: Nguon nhdn lUe; phdt trien nguon nhdn lUe; qudn linguon nhdn lUc (Nhdn bdi 12/12/2016; Nhdn kit qud phdn bien vd ehinh sda ngdy 20/12/2016; Duyet ddng ngdy 25/01/2017) Dat van de Trong quan niem truyin thdng, vdn tien te, dat dai va t l i nguyen thien nhien dUOc coi II nhQng ngudn life chinh cho phat trien kinh t l , xa hdi {KTXH), vdn tien te ddng vai trd Idn hon, cd tien cd the mua dUdc cle nguon vdn khae Trong the gidi hien dai, ki thuat v l cdng nghe hien dai de t i l p can, ngudn nhan tuc (NNL) dupe coi la ngudn luc chinh Do vly, phIt triln ngudn nhan IUe{PTNNL) ludn la van de dUdc eae nUde quan tam.Tren binh dien qudc t l , d l cd nhieu cdng trinh nghien cUu v l PTNNL va quIn li ngudn nhan lUe (QLNNL) d nude ta, cung da ed nhieu cdng trinh khoa hoc nghren cdu ve chQ de nly.Tuy nhien, ve ban chatva noi ham PTNNL va QLNNL cung cd khdng it y kiln tranh luan Trong pham vi bai viet nay, chung tdi tap trung de cap d i n bin chat cua pham tru NNL, PTNNL, QLNNL, md hinh PTNNL ben vdng vdi vai trd cua co quan quIn li nha nUde ele cap va eua cle eo sd gilo due (GD) dieu kien nen kinh te thj trudng dnUdcta Khai quat ve nguon nhdn lUc vk phat triln nguon nhin lUc 2.1 Nguon nhdn iUc (Human resourse) 2.1 Khdi niem nguon nhdn lUc A Maslow, nam 1943, cdng trinh "NhQng nhu cau Qu tien cua ngQdi" (Hierachy of Needs), ong da dUa thap nhu cau cua ngudi theo thUtU Qu tien: Nhu cau thuc t h i co bin de ton tai nhU an, mac, d, y t l ; Nhu eau ve an ninh, an toln xa hdi; Nhu cau ve sd hQu ea nhln nhutinh yeu, gia dmh, tai san; Nhu cau dupc tdn va Idng tu trpng; Nhu cau phat triln nhu hpe tip, nghe nghiep, Theo dng, de PTNNL can thda tdi da nhu cau ngudi theo thQtu Uu tien NhU vay, PTNNL trudc het phai phat trien el the moi ngudi Cudi nhCmg nam 1960, khai niem "Vdn ngUdi" (Human Capital) ddi va duoc ban luan sdi ndi Nha kinh t l MISchultzT.W (1961) da cho ddi cuon sach "Dau tU vao vdn ngUdi ngUdi" Becker Gary S (1964) da llm sau sic them quan dilm dau t u v l o vdn ngudi bang mdt loat bai gilng v l Unh vUC Ong eho ring, GD lam cho vdn eon ngUdi khdng ngQng tang trUdng Harbison (1973) da coi NNL II sQc iQc, kl nang, t l i nang v l tri thUe eua nhilmg ngUdi true tiep tham gia hoac cd tiem nang tham gia vao viee san xuat sin pham hole thUe hien cac dich vu hQu ich Nhu vly, dng d l coi NNL nhU lUc lUOng lao ddng T6 chUe GD, khoa hoc vd vdn hda cCta Lien hap quoc (UNESCO) eho ring NNL la tiem nang v l ngUdi eua dat nUdcTre em td duoc sinh ra, trd thanh vien eua dan sd, cac em da ta tilm nlng ve nhan luc, la vdn quy cua dat nude va can dupe nudi dudng chu dIo de phat trien, NhU vly, NNL duoc hieu la ngudn lUc ve ngudi cua moi qudc gia moi dia phuong, tQ tr^ em mdi lot long cho den nhQng ngudi Idn tudi cdn kha nang va cd nhu eau lao ddng (quan niem theo nghia rdng), Theo To chdc Lao ddng quoe te (ILO), NNL duae hieu theo nghia: Theo nghia rdng, NNL la nguon cung cap sQc lao ddng eho san xuat x l hoi, cung cap ngudn lUc ngudi cho su phat trien Do dd, NNL bao gom toan bd dan cU cd t h i phIt trien binh thudng (tQ tre mam non); Theo nghia hep, NNL la kha nang lao ddng eua xa hpi, la ngudn lue eho sU phat triln KTXH, bao gom cle nhdm dan cU dp tudi lao ddng, cd kha nang tham gia lao ddng, san xuat, tdc !a toan bd cac ca nhan dang tham gia lao ddng hoac dang tich eye tim kilm viec lam, cd nhu eau lam viec, bao gom ea nhdng ngudi tudi lao ddng nhung dang di hoc Viet Nam hon hai mUOi nam trd lai day, da cd 02 chuong trinh nghien cQu cap Nha nude (do Pham Minh Hae chu tri) va mdt sd d l tai nghien cQu cap Bd, mdt sd cdng trinh cdng bd ve llnh vUc PTNNL dieu S0136-THANG 1/2017 • 11 C Q NGHIEN COU Li LUAN kien cdng nghiep hda (CNH), hien dai hda (H£)H) nin duoc, dac bi&t I I : Ngudi lao ddng ed nhln each, ed kinh t l thj trUdng v l hdi nhap nang tieh luy kinh nghiem n g h i nghi&p v l vdn song TQ nhQng k i t q u i nghien cQu nUdc va qudc Trong qua trinh hoat ddng xa hpi, ngudi lao ddng c6 t l , tie gil bai vilt cho rang tiiy theo pham vi nghien cQu, nang phat trien v l mpi mat, k h i nlng linh hoat, tinh can lua chon v l van dyng quan ni^m ve NNL theo nghia nlng ddng v l tinh sing tao, thich Qng vdi cupc sdng, rdng hay theo nghia hep cho phu hop Thdng thudng, mdi trudng kinh te, x l hpi, khoa hoc, ki thuat v l cdng ele cdng trinh nUde tap trung nghien cQu ve nghe ludn thay ddi Bin than ngUdi mdi la ngudn PTNNL, QLNNL trinh dp dai hpe va nghe nghiep, theo luc khdng gi thay the dUOc Ngly nay, xa hdi va cac nhl pham vi nghia hep quIn l i d l nhln thQc dupc tiem lue t l i ehinh chua phSi la NNL t h i hien d khia canh: Khia canh el nhln va nhan td quyet dinh tcit c l PTNNL dUoe coi II chia khda de nang cao nlng suit, chat lupng va hieu q u i cle hoat khia canh tap the/dpi ngu NNL Ddi vdi moi ea nhan, tiem nang (chat lUOng) gom cac yeu td cP b i n sau: 1) ddng cua moi td chQe Vi vdy, ngUdi Id vdn qu^c^a mdi qudc gia, vda Id ddng lUe vCfa Id muc tieu eua phdt trien Phdm chdt (pham chat cdng dan dao dQc nghe nghiep, y thQc xa hdi, tie phong va kl luat lao ddng ); 2) Ndng luc KTXH, Id yeu td quyet djnh su hUng thinh cua moi nude Bdi vdy, cdc nude phdt trien eung nhu dang phdt triin diu chung (nang lUe tu duy, sing tao, giao tilp, lam viec theo nhdm, thich Qng vdi mdi trudng thay doi, kl nang qucin li quan tdm den NNL vd PTNNL eua minh thdi gian, thu gian, vUdt qua cac ap iQe ); 3) Cae tri thdc Trong cdng eude ddi mdi dat nude, die bi^t tQsau chung v l khoa hoe tQ nhi^n, khoa hpe x l hpi, khoa hoc Dai hdi VI d i n D i n g ta ludn coi trpng nhan td kinh te; 4) Ndng luc nghi nghiep, kinh nghiem hoat ddng ngudi va NNL Hdi nghj Trung UOng khda VIII (1996), thuc tien, ndng lue qudn li, kinh doanh; 5) Cdc yiu td vi the Hdi nghi dau ti^n eua D i n g ban chuyen de v l gilo due chdt Hay ndi elch khie, tiem nang/hay chit lupng el (GD), khoa hpe va cdng nghe (KH&CN), da nhan manh the NNL bao ham pham chatva nang lucctiamd/cdt/ie' vai trd cua GD PTNNL, khing djnh mudn tiln hanh Trong pham vi qudc gia, chdt lugng NNL theo nghia rdng CNH, HOH th^ng Ipi phli phIt trien manh GD, phIt huy Id chdt lugng ddn sd, the hiin thdng qua ehl sd ph^t triln ngudn luc eon ngudi, yeu td co b i n cCia sQ phIt triln ngudi eua quocgia nhanh v l b i n vQng Tilm nlng cQa ddi ngu NNL the hien tren cac mat Nghj quyet Dal hdi OIng cle khda IX, X, XI va XII tiep sau: 1/Sdluong, cacdu {ca cau dp tudi, gidi tinh, cd eau tyc khing dinh vai trd cua nhln td ngUdi va NNL, dac trinh dp va nganh nghe dupe dIo tao cua NNL, cd cau biet la NNL chat lUpng cao NNL II nhln td quyet dinh sU theo vung mien, cd cau theo nganh kinh tl ); 2/Chdt phIt triln nhanh va ben vdng cua dat nude thdi lugng (tdng hpp chat ludng eua cac ca the NNL); 3/Ddc ki CNH, HDH, nen kinh t l thi trudng v l hdi nhap diem vdn hda eiia ddi ngu NNL (truyin thdng, tap quan, y quoe t l , dac biet tU nude ta trd thinh vien thQc dan tdc, rinh than hpp tic, ) chinh thQc cua WTO (nam 2007), b^t dau hdi nhap sau, Tuy nhien, chat lUOng cua NNL dUOc hieu theoquan rdng De thue hien duge dieu dd, GD cung vdi KH&CN mim tuang ddi II sU dap Qng nhu cau xa hdi, eua dia dQpc xac djnh II qudc sleh hang dau, thue hien sd menh phuong, cua cac td chQc Dinh gia chat luong NNL phy nang cao dan tri, dIo tao nhan luc v l bdi dudng nhan tai thudc vao bdi cInh Ijeh sQtheo thdi gian va khdng gian, Nghi quyet Hpi nghi Trung Uong lan thQ tam khda XI ve can cQ vao trinh v l nhu cau phat trien KTXH Ddi mdi cIn bin va toan dien GD theo hQdng chuan hda, pham vi qudc gia, vung lanh thd, dia phuong hay nglnh, hien dai hda, xa hdi hda v l hdi nhap qudc te thuc hien td chQc dd, mQc NNL dap Qng yeu cau tQng bdi muc tieu GD phat trien t o l n dien pham chat va nang lUc cInh, hoan c^nh cy t h i Hay noi cdch khdc, chdt luang cua ngudi hoc, tap trung nlng cao chat lupng va hieu NNL duge ddnh gid theo mde dp ddp dng nhu cdu cua thucq u i GD, dam bio co cau dao tao nhan iQc hop li dap Qng tien, cua xd hpi nhu eau phIt trien KTXH [1] PhIt trien GD la nhan to 2.1.2 Vai trd eua nguon nhdn lue quylt dinh PTNNL qudc gia Khai mem ve ngudn luc eon ngudi da dupc xuat PTNNL II ddi hdi khach quan, mang tinh quy luat, f>'en lan^dau tien d phuong Tay Nam 1848, tac II nen tang va ddng iQc la giai phap dot p h i tiln pham bat hu "Tuyen ngdn cua Dang Cdng sin"CMIcva trinh day manh cdng CNH-HDH dat nUde, nhIm thUc Ph Angghen da dua tU tudng lay phat trien eon ngudi hien thang loi cle myc tieu ehiln lUoc phat trien KTXH lam myc tieu tap trung nhat cua tiln bd xa hdi, II dieu qua mpi thdi ki, xu t h i toan eau hoa, t i l n trinh hoi kien de phat trien xa hpi Trong bp sach ndi tiing "Tu nhap v l canh tranh qudc t l Viet Nam gia nhap WTO bin" CMIe (1857) da tim tinh chat gia tn cua lao ddng, Canh tranh gida cle nen kinh te thUc chat la canh tranh dac biet la gil tn trao ddi, gia tn thang du Begg, Fircher ve NNL Nlng cao chat luong NNL nhat la NNL chat va pornbusch cho ring NNL la ngudn lUc co bin cua mdi luong cao vUa la muc tieu, vQa la ddng lue phat tnen qudc gia, la tdng the tiem nlng lao ddng cua ngudi KTXH cua dat nude Gidng nhU ngudn lue vat chat (vdn tien te, cdng 2.2 Phdt trien nguon nhdn lac (Human Resource nghe, dat dai va tai nguyen thien nhien), NNL la ket qua Development) dau tu qua khQvdi myc dich tao thu nhap PTNNL la mdt thuat ngQ rat quen thudc va dUOC tQpng lai Tuy nhien, NNL la mdt loai ngudn luc mang dung nhieu van kien cua Ding va Nha nude, nhilu dac trUng ma eae ngudn luc khae khdng the cd cac cdng trinh khoa hpe GD va kinh te hoe Tuy nhien, 12 • KHOA HOC GiAO DUG NGHIEN COfU Li LUAN C Q cho den d nudc ta cdn ehua cd mdt each hilu thdng nhat va bao quit day du ndi h i m eua thuat ngQ PTNNL ludn I I nhiem vy uU tien hang dau cua qudc gia, vLing, dja phuong, eda cac nganh va eae td chdc, doanh nghiep Hien nay, cle to chQc qudc t l va cac nhl khoa hoc dUa nhilu khii niem khIc ve PTNNL d cap dp vT md cung nhu vi md.Tren t h i gidi d l cd nhilu edng trinh nghien cQu v l PTNNL, QLNNL v l v l QLNNL chien lUpc nhu: Leonard Nadler (1969), Gary Dessler (2013), Robblns et al, Deeenzo, Stuart-Kotze, Stew/art (2007), Benisson (1989), Dooley et al (2001), Dare and Leach (1998), Leach (1993), Powell and Hubsehman (1999), Rothvtrell and Lindholm (1999) KhIi niem PTNNL lan dau tien duoc gidi thieu bdi nha xa hdi hpe ngUdl MI Leonard Nadler nIm 1969 tai mdt hdi nghj d Mi Theo dng, PTNNL II mdt loat cac hoat ddng ed td chQe, t i l n hinh mdt thdi gian ey t h i v l dQpc thilt ke d l tao su thay doi hinh vi Theo TV Rao, PTNNL II mdt q u i trinh ma cac nhan vien cua mdt to chdc dupe giup dd mdt elch lien tuc va theo k l hoach de nlng cao nang lUe thUe hien nhiem vy cua ca nhln v l td chQc, kham p h i va khai thae t i l m nang b i n eua c l nhan v l td chUc, phIt triln mot nin vIn hda td chQc dd mdi quan he cap tren - cap dUdi, lam viec nhdm v l hpp tie ddng gdp vao su nghiep chung, tao ddng luc va niem tu hlo cQa ngudi lao ddng Nam 1983, Anthony Carnavale da quan niem PTNNL nhuquin li nhan lUc bao gdm dao tao, bdi dUdng va sQ dung ed hieu q u i dpi ngu nhln lUe (pham vl hep) Richard Noonan (1995) da dUa khIi niem PTNNL vdi nghia rdng 11 phat trien the lUc (Body), phIt trien tri luc (Mind) va phIt trien y chi (Spirit) PhIt trien the iQc bao gom: sQc khde, dinh dQdng, dan so, node va ve sinh mdi trudmg, an toln x l hdi; PhIt trien tri lue bao gdm GD&DT; PhIt trien y chi bao gdm quyen eon ngudi, gidi tinh, phat trien cdng dong, quyen tudo [2] UNESCO va mdt sd nhl kinh te sd dung khai niem PTNNL theo nghia hep II sU phIt trien ki nang lao ddng v i s u d i p Qng vdi yeu cau cua viee llm.To chQc lao ddng qudc t l (ILO) cho r^ng, phai hieu PTNNL theo nghia rdng hon, khdng chi la su llnh nghe cua din cU hole bao gdm el van de dIo tao ndi chung ma cdn la phIt triln nang lUe dd cua eon ngudi de rien tdi cd dupc viec lam hieu qua, cung nhuthol man nghe nghiep va eude sdng ea nhan Viet Nam, d l ed mdt sd cdng trinh nghien cQu ve PTNNL, dang chu y II nhQng cdng trinh cua cac tac gil Pham Minh Hac,Vu Van Tlo, Nguyen DQc Tri, Nguyen Minh DQdng, Dang Ba Lam, Phan Van Kha, Phan Van Nhln, Tran Khanh DQc Nguyen Lde, Do Minh CQong, Nguyen HQu Dijng, Dang Qng Van, v.v Trong ele cdng trinh nghien cQu, pham vi nghien cUu PTNNL cing dupc md rdng, bao quat hdn giai doan dau, PTNNL dupc quan niem ddng nghia vdi dao tao, bdi dudng NNL (theo nghia hep), llm gia tang gia tn eho ngUdi, c l gia tri vat chat lan tinh than, ca tri tue tam hdn cung nhU ki nlng nghi nghiep, lam eho ngudi trd ngUdi lao ddng cd nhijtig nang luc v l pham chat mdi, cao hon, dap Qng nhQng yeu cau to Idn va d n g tang eua su phIt trien KTXH.Trong mdt sd edng trinh nghien cQu khae, PTNNL dUpc col la q u i trinh nang cao nang iQe cua eon ngQdi ve mpi mat (tam lUc, tri iQc, the lUe), dong thdi phIt huy hieu q u i nhat viec khai thic sQ dyng NNL thdng qua he thdng tuyin dung va phan cdng lao ddng, gili quylt viec lam d l phIt triln KTXH Tuy nhien, can quan niem day du v l bao quit hdn ve PTNNL, bao gdm mat ehu y l u : )Tao tiem nlng ban dau cho NNL thdng qua dIo tao va bdi dudng NNL; 2) SQdung NNL; 3) Mdi trQdng PTNNL Vi vay, d l cd the thuc hien edng eae myc tieu chien lupc cQa minh, ddi hdi cle nganh KTXH, cle i^a phuong, eae td ehQc phli biet phIt triln va khai thac hieu q u i t i l m nang eua NNL Dd la b i n chat eOa pham tru PTNNL Cung nhu mpi ngudn t l i nguyen khlc, NNL chi thue sued gid tri nd dugc khai thdc vd sd dung mpt cdch cd hiiu qud PTNNL II tao t i l m nlng eCia eon ngudi thdng qua dao tao, bdi dudng, tu bdi dQdng va dao tao lai, cham sdc sdc khoe v l the lye v l tinh than, khai thac tdi da tiem nlng dd cle hoat ddng lao ddng thdng qua viec tuyen, sQdung, tutao viee l l m , tao dilu ki$n ve mdi trudng llm viec (phuong tien lao ddng cd hieu q u i v l cle ehinh sleh hop li, mdi trUdng van h o i , x l hdi) de kich thich ddng co, thai lam viec cua ngudi, de ho mang h i t sUc minh hoan cac nhiem vu dUOc giao Do vdy, PTNNL cd thi duac hiiu Id qud trinh tao Idp vd khai thdc hiiu qud tUm ndng ngUdi vi sutiin bdxd hpi vd sU hodn thien bdn thdn moi ngudi Moi quan he giiJra qudn li nguon nhan lUc va phat trien nguon n l i i n life Cung vdi nhQng nghien cdu v l PTNNL, Leonard Nadler d l ed cle cdng trinh nghien cQu v l QLNNL va dUa md hinh QLNNL [3].Theo dd, QLNNL dupc dng xac dinh pham vi cua td chdc (d dd NNL bao gdm nhutig ngudi dang lam viec tai td chQc va se dUdc tuyen dyng), gdm nhdm td: QuIn li hanh ehinh (cac cdng viec hinh chinh, dich vu y te, cang tin, phuong tien di lai); PhIt trien ngudn nhan lue (tuy nhien, d day khdng de cap tdi day du cac yeu td eua PTNNL ma chi de cap tdi dao tao bo sung, bdi dudng q u i trinh sQ dung, tQ van v l danh gia viec thQc hien, danh gil tiem nang cQa cIn bd); quIn li nhan sQ (lap ke hoach NNL tuyen dyng, phIn edng va bd tri cdng viee, tra thu lao cho ngQdi lao ddng); va quIn li thdng tin NNL (ve suan toln, sQc khde, hanh phuc, phuc Ipi, su hai Idng, nhQng keu ca, phan nan) Ve thuc chat, md hinh QLNNL eua Leonard Nadler la md hinh to chQe eua mdt don vi PTNNL Theo md hinh nly, QLNNL ed t h i dupe hieu bao gdm cae llnh vUe: Quan li hinh chinh, quIn li PTNNL quIn li nhan sU, quIn li thdng tin ngudn luc Do vay, da cd nhieu y kien cho rSng QLNNL cd pham vi rdng hon va bao quit pham vi PTNNL hay ndi each khlc la PTNNL ehl la mdt cac ndi dung eua QLNNL Theo tac gia bai viet, PTNNL md hinh tren chi de cap tdi viec phat trien tiem nang cua NNL thdng qua dao tao va phat trien/bdi dudng nang cao tnnh NNL tu van va danh gia t i l m nang, nang lue thuc hien, nlng SO 136-THANG 1/2017* 13 C Q NGHIEN cdu Li LUAN li^c thUc t i l n ciia NNL PTNNL cd ndi him v l tdc vd Id nhd dau tu, cdn phdi dugc dpc blit quan tdm N^i dung QLNNLCL cCia mdt td chQc dUdc xlc djnh bao gdm: bao quat phgm vl r i t rpng (nhu da d l cip d tren) MIt k h l c x^t \t6 m?it phln chia chQic nlng, nhl^m L|p k l hoach nhln syl'tuyen v l sQdung NNL t h i l t kltd vu, cle logi hinh hoat d^ng cCia m$t hf thdng, hay td chQc v l cle cdng vi§c/hoat ddng; d I o tao v l phIt trien; ehQc thi PTNNL bao gdm nhdm chQc nlng/nhl^m vu/ dinh g i l vi^c thuc hien; chi t r i thQ lao cho ngUM lao ho?t dong: Nhdm chQc nang/ nhi&m vg/ boat dOng ddng; b i o v$ quyen \di cda ngUdi lao dpng thdng qua quIn l( v l nhdm cle chQc nlng/ nhi^m vu/ hoat dpng td chQc cdng doln NhU v^y, de cap tdi d c pham tti t i c nghifep V) vly, ndi d i n PTNNL khdng c6 nghia n l u t r i n , d c t i c g i l mudn nhln m^nh tdi vai trd chiin thuan mie djnh I I thuoc pham trQ quIn If nhir mpt lupc cOa NNL coi NL vQ^ I I ddi tic, vCfa I I n h l dau tU, vCia s6 y kiln Diiu nSy cd th^ di/pc If gili th6ng qua mfit vi I I mgc t i i u , vQa I I ddng lUc phIt triln, d n dUpc quan dy ddn glln: 04 phit triln mdt trUdng dai hoc, ngoSi t i m d$c biSt Ddng thdi, cd t h i h i l u ring PTNNL hay QLNNL trich nhifm cCia cle cSp quIn If nhl nUdc (QLNN), quIn If cCia cle tnfdng dai hoc (ciia cic zip quIn li trudng ludn I I muc tieu, gili phap chiin lupc cOa ehiln lupc dai hpe) cdn ed sQ ddng gdp, cdng hiin cOa d^i ngQ t i c phIt triln KTXH ndi chung v l cOa d c nglnh, td chQc ndi nghiep - ddi ngu gilng vidn v l cIn b$ nghien cQu khoa rilng Dilu dd cQng dupe t h i hi^n qua Chiin iuoe PhIt hpe, cIn bd phuc vu tnJc tiep gilng day v l nghlSn ciJu trien GD giai doan 2001 - 2010 v l 2011 - 2020 M6 hinh phit tri^n ngutfn nhin lire bin vOng khoa hoc PhIt triln NNL cd t h i dUpc phIn chia theo cIp cjiactfsdgiiodi^c PTNNL b i n vuYig dUpc hilu I I phIt trien thudng d^, gdm: 1) PTNNL cIp t6 chdc sQ dung nhan li/c; 2) PTNNL d p qudc gia, vung, dja phUdng d d p dd thui xuySn, llln tuc t i l m nang thdng qua hi thdng GD md, nhIt, PTNNL cd phgm vi rdng hon v l bao quit pham trCi sudt ddi, h^ thdng chim sdc sQc khde, d i m bio NNL dip QLNNL d p dd thQ hai, PTNNL ddng nghia vdi QLNNL, Qng nhu c l u cCia xa hpi, cua ngQdi hoc, l l m cho ngu^ hay QLPTNNU vi nha nude d trung uong v l ilRa phuong lao ddng ludn thfch Qng dUdc nhtJng thay ddi d a mdi chi thuc hi^n cle chOt nang quIn If n h l nude thuc hl?n tnfdng, cOa the gidi n g h i nghl&p v l vile llm PTNNL cle nhl^m vu theo phIn cIp quIn li dupe quy CHnh bdi phli thuc su vQa I I muc t l l u , v i ^ I I ddng liic phIt triln cle lult v^ cle vSn b i n phIp quy dudl lult Do v^y, KTXH FTNNL b i n vQng I I phIt trien h l l hda t i l m nlng v l m