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O NGHIEN CUrU Li LUAN BAN CHAT GIAO DUC CONG DAN TOAN CAU TRONG HE THONG GIAO DUC NGUYEN TIEN HUNG Vien Khoa hoc Gl̂ o due Viet Nam Email hunga60@gmajl com Tom tPt Mue tieu eiia gido due edng ddn todn[.]
O NGHIEN CUrU Li LUAN BAN CHAT GIAO DUC CONG DAN TOAN CAU TRONG HE THONG GIAO DUC NGUYEN TIEN HUNG Vien Khoa hoc Gl^o due Viet Nam Email: hunga60@gmajl.com Tom tPt: Mue tieu eiia gido due edng ddn todn edu nham ndng cao nhdn thtfc, y thtfc xd hoi vd hdnh vi eua ngudi hoc trd thdnh cong ddn todn cdu dedong gop xd hoi todn cdu cong bdng, an todn, khoan dung vd hoa binh- Bar) chdt cua gido due cong ddn todn cdu edn ddm bdo duoc edc doe trUng- Bdo ve chdn gid tn ngudi; Ddm bao quyen ngUdi; Phu thuoc giUa dia phuong vd todn cdu Da dang vd dong nhat; Ddn chu vd dpi thoai, Gido due phdt tnen edc kindng tinh edm -xdhoi DethUchien thdnh cong gido due cong ddn todn cdu, he thong gido due cdn thay doi din tar) easd gido duc/nhd trudng vd cdc to ehdc gido due lien quan tuno tro thdnh cong dong hoc tdp vd co sUtham ducua ngUdI hoe, ngUdi day, gia dmh, ehinh quyen dia phuong, cdc to ehtfe xd hpi Ttf khoa: Cong ddn todn cdu, he thong gido due; easd gido duc/nhd trUdng (Nhan bdi ngdy 20/01/2017; Nhan ket qud phan bien vd ehinh sda ngdy 09/03/2017, Duyet ddng ngdy 25/04/2017) £>at van de De cap den tam quan ciia Giao due cdng dan toan cau (GDCDTC), Tdng thu ki Lien hop qudc Ban Kimoon (2012) da nhan manh "Chung ta phai nudi dUdng quyen edng dan toan cau [COTC) Giao due [GD) phai II dieu gi dd hon la biet chd va tinh toan Nd cdn la ve cdng dan GO phli dim trach day 6u vai trd quan cua minh viec giup dd moi ngudi, tao nen mdt xa hdi khoan dung, hda binh va edng bang han"[1], Tai Viet Nam, budi lam viec vdt vOi cac thinh vien ciia Chuong trinh GDCDTC, Bd trUdng Bd GD&OT khang dinh Ndi dung, ndi him va muc tieu cua chuong trinh GDCDTC phu hop vdi dinh hudng ciia Dang va Nha nudc ta Day la chdng chi the hien eon ngudi co kha nang llm viec thdi ki toln cau hda, vi vay, can cd cac nghien cdu so sanh tim su khae biet, tuong ddng de cd dmh hudng tiep nhan mdt each chu ddng tai Viet Nam Bat bao trinh bay va phan tich ban chat cua GDCDTC cung nhdng yeu cau thuc hien GDCDTC he thdng GD, Ban chat ciia giao due cong dan toan cau GDCDTC hieu la md hinh duac eau true de trang bi va phat tnen kien thdc, cae ki nang [KN), gia tn v l thai dd can CO cLia ngudi dan nham bao dam xay dung the gidi edng bang, hda binh, khoan dung, an toan va ben vdng hon Viec trang bi kien thuc va cac KN nhan thdc nham xay dung cac gil tri, KN mem va thai cho ngUdi dan de tao dieu kien thuan lai cho hop tae qudc te va thay ddi xa hdi ben vdng [2] Muc tieu cua GDCDTC nham nang eao nhan thue, y thuc xa hdi hanh Vl cua ngudl hoc trd CDTC de CO the dong gdp xa hdi toln cau cdng bang, an toan, khoan dung va hoa binh Cu the [3] (1) Ve nhdn thuc NgUoi hoc nam duoc kien thdc, hieu biet.tuduy phe phan ve cae van de toan eau, vung, qudc gia, dia phuong, mdt quan he giUa cac qudc gia va dan cu \2) Ve y thtfc xd hoi Ngudi hoc trai nghiem y thdc 16 • KHOA Hge GIAO DUC phu thudc lan nhau, chia se cle gil tri, trach nhiem dUa tren nhdng quyen ngudi; phat trien duoc thai thau hieu, ddng cam, doan ket, tdn trpng vdi sU khae va da dang [3) Ve hdnh vi Ngudi hoc phat trien ddng co, sin sang hanh ddng cd hieu qui, trich nhiem tai dia phuong, qudc gia v l toan cau cho the gidi cang than thien, hda binh, ben vdng Oe dat duoc myc tieu tren, ddi hdi ban chat ciia GDCDTC can dam bao dUoc cae dac trUng sau [4] Bdo ve chdn gid tn ngudi Day II gia tri dUOc chia se bdi tat c l moi ngUdi va tao quyen cO bin de song tu v l phu hgp vdt cac dieu kien cu the, tu phat tnen het tiem nang ciia ca nhln phu hap cdng ddng vdi day du quyen ngUdt Ddm bdo quyen ngudi: GDCDTC dUoc xay dung dua tren tien de la mdt the gidi chi tdt hon cac quyen ngudl duoc tdn day dii Day la dieu rat quan de phat tnen cle chien luac xda ddi giam ngheo, thieu nang luc va sdc manh, khlc phuc eae mau thuan de dich chuyen sang cude sdng ma mot ngudi deu co kha nang chiu trach nhiem, thich dng, tU blo ve va thuc hien duoc cac hoat ddng theo cac quyen ngUdi, Phu thuoc giua dia phuang vd toan cdu GDCDTC bao ham nang cao nhan thue va hteu biet ve su phu thudc cua cac van de tdn tat tae ddng den hanh tinh: Cac hinh ddng tai dia phuang co tac ddng toln cau v l ngUOc lai Bat ki hanh ddng nao ngudi thuc hien hay ddng lai deu CO tac ddng true tiep tdi tuang lai, doi hdi ngUOi phli chiu trach nhiem voi tuong lai ciia loai ngUOi va hanh tmh td hdm Da dang vd dong nhdt GDCDTC nham phat tri^n the he tre trd CDTC, dim bao duoc su khae biet, da dang nhung van phai hudng tdi cai chung tdt dep CDTC phai tu cdi md vdi ngudl khae hudng tai nhdng cai chung tdt dep, chdng lai tat ca bat cdng va phan biet ddi xd„ NGHIEN Cini Ll LUAN i Ddn chu vd doi thogi: GDCDTC thach thde eae quan he truyen thdng gida cle nhan vat ben va ben ngoai ciia he thdng GD de tao mot he thdng GD tap trung han vIo dan chu v l ddi thoai tai tat ca ele cap dp Vl vay, he thong GD phli tao cO hdi de phat trien cdng dan dan chu, toan cau va can dim bao thinh cdng cho tat ca ngUdi dan Oieu ddi hdi can thay ddi cae quan he truyen thdng gida ngUdi hoc va ngUdi day, gida ngUdi day va cap lanh dao quan li GO,., ca sd GD/ nha trudng GD phdt tnen ede KN tinh edm - xd hoi: GDCDTC nhlm phIt tnen nhan thde, y thdc xa hdi va hanh vi phu hop ciia CDTC, dd dac biet quan trpng la phat trien cac KN tinh cam - xa hdi thdng qua trli nghiem thue tien nhu td co bin ciia phIt trien nhln thdc v l hoc each ehung sdng Vi vay, nd can duoc hinh thinh td viec tieh hop tu duy, tinh cam va kha nang hanh ddng, Nhu vay, cd the xem GDCDTC la mot xu the mang tinh dao li va chinh tn de dich chuyen xa hdi, tao mdi trudng phat trien CDTC va phai bit dIu tU ca sd GO/nhl trUdng Thuc te, mdt eae ehdc nang ehinh eiia he thdng GO la nham loai bd cic gia tri chua tdt va bat binh d^ng xa hdi Tuy nhien, GDCDTC duac thUc hien he thdng GD ed the trd thanh td trung tam eho sU thay ddi tao dien din de giao tiep v l kien tao kien thdc Nd giup ngUdi hoe xay dUng duae cac tam nhin de ngan chan nhdng ddng cO chua dung nhU: Chii nghia ty mdi hay quyen ba chii van hda Vi vly, ddi hdi ea sd GD/nha trudng can trd "mdi trUdng xa hdi dan chii cdng khai"cam ket vdi cle gia tri cdng bing ve kinh te va xa hdi, cdng dan phe phan, dan chii; ngudi day trd "nhl tn thdc mang lai thay ddi" Yeu cau cai tien he thong giao due de thUc hien giao due cong dan toan cau Khi duong dau vdi cac thach thde eiia toan cau hda, GDCDTC can duoc xem nhu edng cu dac biet cho tien tnen ciia loai ngudi hudng tdi hda binh, tu va edng bang xa hdi Oay la eon dudng hudng tdi phattrien CDTC hdu ich de giam ngheo ddi, thieu hieu biet ve su bat edng ddi xd, chua cdng bing, dan ap, chien tranh,., Oe thyc hien cae dae trUng tren ciia GDCDTC, ddi hdi cln thUe hien cac mdn hoc rieng he thdng cac mdn hoc ciia co sd GD/nha trUdng v l cle hoat ddng ngoai khda duoc thyc hien vdi sUtham gia ciia cac nha GDtdben ngoai cosd GD/nha trudng, Hon nda, cln thay ddi tam cua t i m nhin cung nhU ehdc nang ciia he thdng GO de phat trien COTC toln dien vdi die trUng hoc de biet each tuduy, cd y thde xa hdi, cung sdng than thien va hanh ddng diing din, dim blo dUOc cae dac trUng ciia CDTC hdu ich He thdng GD can khai hda Idng nhan dao, tao y thdc xa hdi ve each sdng, hanh ddng, cac quan he gida nhdng ben hen quan, chiu trach nhiem cho viec thiet lap the gidi va phat tnen ben vdng Tiep theo, he thdng GD cln khuyen khich ngUOi hoc hieu biet rdng ve ban than, the gidi di ddi vdi tao eo hdi cho ho ddng gdp hudng tdi mdt xa hdi cdng bang dan chii v l ben vdng, NgUdi hoc can ed kha nang dat cau hot ve cac vln de lien quan nhU; Nguyen nhan cua ngheo ddi v l llm the nao de dau tranh ngan chan ngheo doi Oe dat tdi cac yeu eau tren, he thong GD hien phai thay ddi hudng tdi each tiep can phe phan dua tren ddt thoai, thdng qua sd dung phuang phap phu hap nham thiet lap cac quan he dot thoai v l tham dU, tao mdi trudng GD dam blo dat tdi cic dac trUng cd ban ciia CDTC Vl vay, ngUdi hoc cd the biet v l danh gia dung ban than minh de phan dau trd CDTC hdu ich Nd phat mang iai tinh llnh hoat, mem deo han co sd GO/ nhl trudng, thiet lap cae quan he dan chii hOn cac vai trd va cic quan he gida ngUdi hoc va ngUdi day, l l m cupc sdng ciia ho de dang hon chap nhan vai trd cd bin ciia minh tham gia vIo cic qua trinh sU pham Dudt day la mdt sd llnh vUc quan trong he thdng GD can cai tien de dap dng vdi dac trUng ban chat cita GDCDTC: Chuang trinh vd cdch td chtfc GD GDCDTC ddi hdi can thuc hien cic qui trinh GD qua nhieu mdn hoc va xuyen mdn hoc Tuy vao tdng bdi cInh cy the de thiet ke GDCDTC nhU mdt mdn hoc ddc lap, ddng thdi tich hap hoac xuyen mdn hoc de thuc day qua trinh hoe tap thdng qua cac chude phu hap vdi xa hdi toln cau Trong bdi cInh toln cau hda vdt die trUng da dang v l ddng nhat dan xen el cap dd tap the va c l nhan, GDCDTC ddi hdi he thdng GO phai gan chat vdi kinh nghiem dia phuong v l tap trung vao trang bi hieu biet rdng hon, trai nghiem phu hop eho tat c l cac ca nhan va edng ddng lien quan detham du thinh edng vaoxa hgi toln clu Phuang phdp dgy hge: GDCDTC ddi hdi phdi hap cle phuong phIp day hoc sau'Tich cuc/ehu ddng hoc de biet va hocde lam va de trd CDTC hdu fch; Tuong tac qua thao luan va tranh luan, Coi trli nghiem xa hdi tap trung vao cac thich thde thuc te cho the he tre, Khuyen khich tU phe phan dua tren cac gia trj va niem tin ung hd tU chii ca nhan; Hop tac de tang eUdng niem vui hoc hdi lan nhau, phu thudc lln va theo mang ludi, Sd dung each tiep can tinh cam -xa hdi de eai tien hoc tap ve cic KN cam xuc; Tham du de tao tieng ndi cho cac ben lien quan khlc nhau, di ddi vdi cdng nhan cac vai trd ciia ho va khuyen khich ho tham du mdt each phe phln va sang tao Ngudi day va tat ca cac nhan vat tham gia vao qua trinh GDCDTC phli duoc tao CO hdi de dat tdi va duac tang cUdng cae nang luc can cd de hoan sd mang ciia minh Oao tao ban dIu cho ngudi day ve GDCDTC II mdt cac nhan td ehinh cho qua trinh GD tdng the va can td chdc bdi dudng tiep theo eho ngudi day va can bd lanh dao, quan li lien quan de hieu rd va thuc hien tdt cdng viec cua minh Vai tro va trach nhiim GDCDTC he thdng GD ddi hot mdl trudng dan chii, tham du va md CO sd GD/nha trudng Tat c l nhan vat- ngudi hoc, nguoi day, cac nha quan li, quan ehdc GD, gia dinh va cdng ddng - deu cd the ddng vai trd lanh dao, quan li qua trinh GD va duoc khuyen khich chia se kmh nghiem, suy nghi, de xult de cai tien va tang mem vui sang tao He thdng GD ed vai trd quan trong xay dung CDTC v l dich chuyen xa hdi Vdi cac dac trung ve cam ket, phe phln, thue day thay ddi, ngudi day can trd Ngudi hoat ddng sing tao de chuan bi cho tu do, Idn len ciia SO 139-THANG fi/2017 • 17 Q NGHIEN CUU Li LUAN Bdng I: Khung noi dung tiip cdn tong the cua casdGD/nhd Dac trUng cua ccf s^^ GD/nha triicing ChUcmg trinh Dam bao GDCDTC duoc phan anh tam nhin, sd mang, gia tn, cac dac trUng va ke hoach phat tnen ciia co sd GD/ nha t r u d n g , d d khuyen khich ngudi hoc t h a m gia tich cUc vao qua trinh quyet dinh Thuc day GDCDTC qua thUc hien chuong trinh/he t h d n g cac m d n hoc va cac hoat d d n g GD t h e o cac giai doan khae Khuyen khich ngUdi hoc tham du hay chu tri thUc hien cac du an, cac chuang trinh hay hoat d d n g ngoai ehuong trinh GDCDTC Phat trien nhan vien d a m b l o d u nang lUc t h U c h i e n GDCDTC thdng qua cac each t i e p can t h a m dU, phe phan va lap ke hoach de thuc hien trUdng Lien thdng Khuyen khich cang dong GDCDTC [kien thdc, iKNva thai do) d u o c thiet ke p h u h o p ; tang d a n t d t i e u hoc den t r u n g hoc, dai hoc c u n g n h u tai noi lam viec Phat trien cac each de k h u y e n khich cdng d d n g dia p h u o n g t h a m gia thue hien GDCDTC va cac sU kien lien quan Phat tl nhan\ c l n h l n / n g U d i h o c t h e o n h d n g cai t d t c h u n g , NgUdi l a m viec t h e o e l c h h o p t i c t r o n g va n g o a i m a n g lUdi GD de t a o c l e q u a t r i n h c l n t h i e t c h o t h a y d d i ; NgUdi t a o d i c h c h u y e n t r o n g GD h u d n g t d i ldi c u d n t h a m d y n h i e u d a n h gia eao cac KN va k i n h n g h i e m ciia t a t c l c l e nhan v l t t r o n g c d n g d d n g G D c h d k h d n g ehl d e eao t h e manh ca n h a n O i e u d d c d n g h i a I I c a n t h a y dot he t h d n g GD d e n t a n ea s d G D / n h a t r u d n g v l cae t d c h d c GD hen h o n va cu t h e h a n ciia t a t ca c d n g d d n g GD t r o n g c i c co sd G D / n h a t r u d n g q u a n t u n d t r d t h a n h c d n g d d n g hoc t a p v l t h a m dU cua ngUdt hoc, n g U d i day, gia d i n h , e h f n h q u y e n dta phUOng, cac t d c h d c xa h d i He t h d n g G D can t h a y ddi de trd t h i n h n h u p h l n cua giai p h a p d e k h l c p h u c cae van de t d n tai hien va tUOng lai eiia t o a n eau hda Tiip can tong thi g i i i p g i n t h d c hien GDCDTC v d i tat c l cac l l n h vUc hoat d d n g eiia c o sd G D / n h a t r U d n g , t a o c i c t i c d d n g d e m lai loi ich Idn nhat c h o n g u d i hoc GDGDCDTC can c u n g cap m y c t i e u , d d n g cO va g i n ket t r o n g g i a n g day va hoc tap, t r o n g d u y tri eae KN v l gia t r i eo ban t h d n g qua trai n g h i e m r d n g h a n c h o ngUdi hoc DUdi d l y I I k h u n g ndi d u n g d e t i e p can t d n g t h e cd t h e d u o c sd d u n g n h l m k h u y e n k h i c h c h o lap ke hoach t d n g t h e cua cO s d G D / n h a t r U d n g [ B I n g 1) Cach t i e p can n l y dUoe t d ehdc t h u c hien t d t n h a t qua qua t r i n h "Lap ke h o a c h -ThUc hien - O i n h g i a " v d i s u c a m ket va h d t r a ciia eae nha lanh d a o va q u I n II, d u a c ket ndt vdi cac uu t i e n eua c o sd G D / n h a t r u d n g d e thUe hien Ket l u a n Oe t h u c hien t h a n h e d n g GDCDTC, he t h d n g G D e u n g n h u co s d G O / n h l t r u d n g can t r d t h a n h nai t r a o ddi, p h a n a n h , xa hdi hda va lap ke h o a c h n h a m t a n g c u d n g kien t h d c de xay d u n g t a p t h e m a n h , di d d i v d i TAILIIUTHAMKHAO [1] O x f a m , [2015), Education for global citizenship: A guide for schools, O x f a m [2] N g u y e n Tien H u n g , Gido due cong ddn todn cau Tap ehi Khoa hoc Giao d u e , sd 130, t h a n g n a m 2015, tr.3-5 [3] Unesco, (2015), Global Topics and learning objectives citizenship education: [4] Gahero, M., Grech,W, & Kalweit, , (2009), Global Citizenship Education: The school as a foundation for a fair world The Conectando Mundos C o n s o r t i u m [5], Guo, L., [2014), Preparing Teachers to Educate for 21 St Century Global Citizenship Envisioning and Enacting, J o u r n a l o f Global C i t i z e n s h i p s Equity E d u c a t i o n , Volume N u m b e r - j o u r n a l s sfu ca/jgcee T H E NATURE O F G L O B A L C I T I Z E N S H I P E D U C A T I O N I N E D U C A T I O N S Y S T E M The Vietnam N g u y e n T i e n Hung Institute of Educational Sciences Emaih hunga60@gmail.com Abstract: The purpose of citizenship education is to raise the learner's awareness, social responsibilities and behaviours, helping them become global citizens who will be able to make their contribution to a global equal safe, tolerant and peacefull society The nature of global citizenship education should be characterized with the foliowingsProtecting human values; Ensuring human rights Ensuring the global and local dependence; Maintaining the diversity and Identities: Ensuring democracy and dialogues; Developing soao-emotionai skills In order to implement citizenship education sueessfully, the education system should be changed so as educational institutions/schools and related educational organizations became learning communities with participation of learners, teachers, families, local authorities and social agencies Keyw/ords: Global citizen, education • KHOA HOC GIAO OUC system; educational institution/school ... nhan vai trd cd bin ciia minh tham gia vIo cic qua trinh sU pham Dudt day la mdt sd llnh vUc quan trong he thdng GD can cai tien de dap dng vdi dac trUng ban chat cita GDCDTC: Chuang trinh vd cdch... hoac xuyen mdn hoc de thuc day qua trinh hoe tap thdng qua cac chude phu hap vdi xa hdi toln cau Trong bdi cInh toln cau hda vdt die trUng da dang v l ddng nhat dan xen el cap dd tap the va c l... kmh nghiem, suy nghi, de xult de cai tien va tang mem vui sang tao He thdng GD ed vai trd quan trong xay dung CDTC v l dich chuyen xa hdi Vdi cac dac trung ve cam ket, phe phln, thue day thay