nHOG cno CHHT unrn6 onv HOC mon oino nuc cnne onn • • • • OTRUNG HOC PHO THONG HIEN NAY O TS NGUYEN THAI SON HOANG THANH HIEN* 1 Trong edng cudc ddi mdi todn dien do Cd nhi lu nguyen nhdn, trong dd ed[.]
nHOG cno CHHT unrn6 onv HOC mon oino nuc cnne onn • • • • OTRUNG HOC PHO THONG HIEN NAY O TS NGUYEN THAI SON - H O A N G THANH HIEN* Trong edng cudc ddi mdi todn dien Ddng ta khdi xudng vd Idnh dgo, ngudn lye ngudi Id yeu td quan trgng nhdt, dugc dgt d vi trf trung tdm ctjo sy phdt trien Tgi Ogi hdi dgi bieu todn qudc Idn thti XI, Ddng to d d khdng djnh: «Phdt trien g i d o dye (GD) Id qudc sdch hdng d d u Odi mdi cdn b d n , todn dien n i n G D Viet Nam theo hudng chudn hdo, hien d g i h d o , xd hdi hdo, ddn chij hdo vd hdi nhdp qud'e te, d d , ddi mdi co che qudn If gido dye, phdt trien ddi ngu GV vd cdn bd qudn If Id khdu then ehdt Tdp trung nang coo chdt lugng G D , d d o tgo, coi trgng GD dgo dtic, ldi sdng, ndng lyc sdng tgo, kT ndng thyc hdnh, khd ndng ldp nghiep Ddi mdi eo ehe tdi chfnh G D Thuc hien kiem djnh chd't lugng G D , ddo tgo d td't ed cdc bde hgc Xdy dyng mdi frudng G D Idnh mgnh, ket hgp chgt che gii/o nhd trudng vdi gio dinh vd xd h g i " (1; fr 9d) Chfnh vi the, ddi vdi GD p h d thdng Viet N a m , muc Heu hien Id ddo tgo ngudi m d i , plidt frien todn dien, phu hgp vdi yeu cdu, d i l u kien vd hodn ednh cuo dd't nudc cung nhu phu hop vdi su phdt trien eua thdi dai bde hoc phd thdng, Gido due cdng ddn (GDCD) Id mdt nhung mdn hoc co bdn gdp phdn G D todn dien nhdn edeh cho hoc sinh (HS) Nhiem vu G D tu tudng, chfnh fri, dao dtic vd phdp ludt cho HS duoc thuc hien d td't cd ede mdn hoe thdng quo cdc hinh thtic G D nhd t r u d n g ; nhung chf mdn GDCD mdi CO the' true tie'p G D cho HS nhi/ng tri thtic theo mdt he thd'ng xdc dinh vd todn dien Tuy nhien, hien nay, ed mdt bd phdn HS chuo thdt su chu y hoc tdp mdn GDCD, chuo y thtic duoc voi trd, vi trf quon cuo bd mdn ntay, edn hoc theo hinh thtic ddi phd Nhdn thtic soi ddn ddn hdnh ddng soi, md he qud rd nhd't Id sy xud'ng ed'p v l dgo ddc ctio mdt bd phdn khdng nhd thanh, thieu nien HS ngdy Tap chi Giao due so 270 (ki - 9/201 n Cd nhilu nguyen nhdn, dd ed nguyen nhdn tir phio phy huynh vd HS, thdm chf chinh dgi ngu GV vd cdc co quan chtic ndng chuo nhgn thtic dung tdm quan trgng CIJO mdn GDCD viec hinh thdnh the gidi quon, nhdn sinh quon d mdi HS de gdp phdn GD nhdn cdch cho cdc em Mdt khde, ndi dung chuong trinh GLXID d phd thdng cdn thie'u tfnh thdi sy, ndng ve tfnh If ludn; PPDH chuo phu hgp (ddi edn dp dgt, nhdi nhet kien thirc, ); phuong Hen dgy hgc cdn ngheo ndn, so sdi, khdng kfeh thfeh dugc hting thu hgc tdp cuo HS Them vao dd, cdch thtic kiem tra, ddnh gid ket qud hgc tdp eijo HS hien cdn n h i l i ' bdt cap (ddnh gid cdn mong tfnh dmh tfnh, chua mang tfnh djnh lugng) Trong dd, GD phd thdng dong yeu cdu ddi mdi theo hudng chudn hod, hien dgi hod vd da dgng hda Sy ddi mdi ndy ddi hdi Hen hdnh mdt cdch ddng bd tren tdt ed cdc khdu cuo qud trinh ddo tgo, tir myc Heu, ndi dung, chuong trinh, PPDH, kiem tra, danh gid, c o s d vdt chdt De gdp phdn ndng coo chd't lugng, hieu qud gidng dgy mdn (3DCD d trt/dng THPT hien nay, chung tdi d l xudt mgt sdvdn de sou: D O moi Het hgc, GV can cd edeh thiet ke bdi gidng cho phu hgp vdi ngi dung kien tbiie, phuong Hen dgy hgc vd ndng lyc cuo HS Cdn td chtic, hudng dan HS thyc hifn cac hogt dgng hgc tgp vdi cdc hinh thtic dgng, phong ph6, cd stic hdp ddn, phii hgp vdi ddc trung bdi hgc, de quo moi phdn hgc, Het hgc, HS nam dugc vd cd khd ndng vgn dyng kien thi/c hgc xu li cdc thdng Hn md cdc em Hep xuc hdng _ 2) Trong dgy hgc cac bg mon khoo hgc xa ^9i ndi ehung vd mon GDCDnoi rieng eoch truyen f a t theo phuong phdp thuyet trmh la mgt each ^htic co bdn, chu yeu Chdng hgn, o chuong trmh GDCD dp 10, phdn 1: Cong dan vai viec hinh ^^^dnh the gidi quan khoa hgc va phuang phap * Khoa Giao due Chinli tri - Tnrtlng Dai hpc Vinh ^ # ludn bien chirng Id phdn cd ndi dung khd tri/u 4) G V phdi biet vdn dyng kien thire lien mdn tugng, neu GV khdng d i l n gidng thi dd'i tugng de truyin dgt eho HS Bdi le, ndi dung kie'n thtic HS Idp 10 - tu trtiu tugng ehua coo khdng mdn GDCD, ddc biet Id ehuong trinh Idp 10 the hieu dugc vd'n de Do vdy, viee thuyet trinh (phdn 1) khd trtiu tugng, phong phu Viee ndm mdt cdch sd'ng ddng vd cd stic thuyet phyc cung kien thtic lien mdn nhu mdn Vdt li, Hda hgc, Sinh Id mgt cdch truyin thy hoy, nhdm giiJp HS hieu hpe de If gidi ede hien tugng ty nhien vd rd bdn chd't ctJO sy vdt, hien tugng Ode biet, xd hgi Id rd't edn thiet, giup HS ndm bdt dugc CO sd vdt chd't, phuong Hen dgy hgc cdn n h i l u bdn chd't ciio sy vdt, hien h/gng Hoy nhu d phdn thieu thdn, nhd't Id d cdc vung khd khdn, vung II, «C6ng ddn vdi dgo dire", neu GV biet vdn sdu, vung xo thi viec truyin thy theo phuong phdp dyng tho, co dao, Kic ngd se gdy hting thii eho thuyet trinh cd le Id bd't khd khdng O i l u mdi GV HS, khien g i d gidng them sinh dgng Tuy nhien, edn luu y Id sti dyng phuong phdp dd nhu the thyc te, rd't ft GV nghT den viec vdn dyng kien thi/c lien mdn vdo gidng dgy Idm soo de dgt dugc ndo? Chgn edi gi de ndi vd ndi nhu the ndo? Viec HS hting thu hgc tdp mdn GDCD hoy ket qud td't nhd't Chfnh vi nhdn thtic GDCD Id mdn khdng phy thudc rd't n h i l u vdo edeh dgy ciDa GV hgc «phy", nen viec gidng dgy ddi luc vdn cdn Phuong phdp thuye't trinh Id phuang phdp co bdn, mong tfnh chung chung, khdng thdu ddo, Idm eho nhung khdng the xem phuang phdp ddc tdn ngudi hgc them met mdi, budn chdn, khdng khf «Khdng ed phuong phdp ndo Id vgn ndng'', cua g i d hgc them ngng n l , budn te d d , GV phdi biet ket hgp hdi hda, nhudn n h u y i n , 5) Trong qud trinh gidng dgy, GV cdn biet gdn linh ddng phuong phdp thuye't trinh vdi cde ndi dung bdi hgc vdi thyc filn eude sd'ng ciio dd't phuong phdp khde, ddc biet Id cdc PPDH tfch nude vd djo phuong, ddm bdo «lf ludn phdi gdn cyc, nhdm phdt huy tdi tfnh ndng ddng vd l i l n vdi tht/c tiln'' nhdm hinh thdnh cho HS thdi do, sdng tgo CIJO ngudi hgc, tti d d , tgo eho ngudi finh cdm, n i l m Hn vd ddng co hgc top dung ddn Khung phdn phdi chuong frinh mdn GDCD hgc tdm the chtj ddng tTnh hgi kien thi/c, biet di sdu khai thde ndi dung kie'n thtic G i d gidng se eung dd ddnh thdi lugng Het eho Ngogi khdo sinh ddng, thiet thye hon, khdng khf hgc tdp hdo nhCfng vd'n d l eua djo phuong vd thyc hdnh nhirng hting vd mong Igi hieu qud coo hon ndi dung dd hgc Tuy nhien, viec td ehirc ngogi 3^ Trong qud trinh gidng dgy mdn GDCD, vdn khdo rd't khd thyc hien bdi quy thdi gian vd kinh de het sire quon trgng Id GV edn duo ro he thd'ng phf Do d d , theo ehung tdi nen thay ngogi khdo vf dy cy the, hodc ke ede mdu ehuyen mong triet bdng ede budi seminar cd hieu qud, tdng thdi If sd'ng, lien quon den ndi dung bdi hgc Bdi, lugng seminar, gidm bdt g i d If thuyet, nhu vdy se phdn tfch ndi dung md khdng ed vf dy sinh ddng, giup HS ehu ddng hon frong viec ndm bdt kien khdng cd minh hga cy the thi bdi gidng du cd thi/c vd vdn dyng vdo thyc filn cudc sd'ng sdu sdc den ddu eung d l trd nen khd khon, rdi d) Hien nay, d mdt so frudng phd thdng, GV rgc, thieu uyen ehuyen, Idm cho ngudi hgc Hep gidng dgy GDCD vdn chuo dugc d d o tgo dting thu thdng Hn gugng ep, m i l n eudng ehuyen mdn Ode biet Id d cdp trung hgc co Odi mdi PPDH Id rd't edn thie't qud trinh sd, viee gidng d g y GDCD vdn cdn tinh trgng gidng dgy cdc mdn hgc ndi chung, mdn GDCD G V ede bd mdn khde (Vdn, Sti, D j o , thdm chf ndi rieng Odi vdi mdn GDCD, phuong phdp Todn, The dye ) d d m nhiem Do vdy, ddi ngu ndo Id tdi uu? Theo chiing tdi, dd ehfnh Id: ngudi G V edn duge chudn h d o , duge d d o tgo, bdi GV y thtic dugc ndi dung ndo cdn phdi gidng d u d n g , tie'p tyc ndng coo trinh de dtj khd dgy, nghTa Id tim kiem phuong phdp chfnh tti ndng d d p ting yeu edu, nhiem vy gidng dgy ngi dung bdi hgc, vdo ndi dung kie'n Ddng t h d i , cdn tdng cudng trang cdp thie't bi thtic Clio tirng bdi hgc de lyo chgn phuong phdp d g y hgc cho bd mdn Hien tgi, thiet bj dgy hgc tdi uu, phu hgp vdi tirng ndi dung d d Thgm etjo bd mdn GDCD cdn qud ft (neu khdng ndi chf, phdi ehii y den cd dd'i tugng HS vd hodn Id qud ngheo ndn), n h i l u t r u d n g , phuong tien ednh, d i l u kien cuo tting vCing, tirng dia phuong d g y hgc mdn GDCD khdng ed, neu cd cOng chf nhdm xdc djnh PPDH phu hgp Ndi edeh khde Id mdt vdi thie't bj md mdt sd' G V tdm huyet ty phuong phdp Id ndm vCfng quy ludt vd hdnh tim kiem de duo vdo g i d n g dgy ddng theo quy ludt (Xem tiep trang 59) Tap chi Giao due so (ki - 9/201 D Cdc qiai phdp Cdc giai phdp v^phiaSV Cdc giai phdp v i phia GV Sd luonq T L % T d m cutmg thAi Qian tu hoc Thay d i i PP I K hpc 183 61,4 194 65.1 LKH ti/ hpc chp timq rhdn hpc 191 64,1 Hu6na d i n SV PP lu hpc 16 94,1 Hucmg d i n SV lap vd Ihuc hiSn kd hoach tu hoc 14 82,4 Sau bu6i giang GV cdn giap bdi lap cho SV 12 70,6 Can ki^m tra vide chuan bi bdi cua SV 12 70,6 HuSnq ddn, gidi thieu tdi lidu tham khao 13 76,5 vd'n d l CO bdn hr hgc; neu ed thdy vd trd eung quyet tdm thoy d d i , ehdc chdn ket qua hgc tdp se td't hon Cdc gidi phdp SV vd G V duo ro d i u Id nhtfng y kien cdn thiet cho viec hr hgc CIJO SV GV vd SV cdn phdi phd'i hgp thye hien de qud trinh hr hoc cuo SV dgt dugc chd't lugng duo ket qud hgc tdp cuo SV td't hen Od cung Id mdt nhiem vy khdng phdi chf rieng ctDa SV, md Id nhiem vy cuo mdi GV, cdn bd cdc ed'p nhd trudng De hogt dgng ty hgc dugc td't hon vd ndng coo chdt lugng hgc top cua SV, ehung tdi kien nghj: - Cdn tdng eudng thdi gion ty hgc cho SV bdng ede bien phdp: sdp xep ljch phti hgp de SV cd thdi gian ty hgc nhd't Id thdi gian thi het hgc ki; cde phdng thyc hdnh edn b d trf md ctio cho SV h/ hgc ngodi g i d ehfnh khod; Oe SV cd PP ty hgc tdt hon, Dodn nien, phdng Cdng tdc HS, SV, GV ehu nhiem Idp vd GV bd mdn cdn phdi hgp td chirc nht/ng budi thdo ludn v l PP hgc tgp cho hing hgc phdn khde nhou; GV bd mdn cdn thudng xuyen hudng ddn PP hgc tdp cho SV, gioo bdi tdp vd k i l m tro sau mdi budi hgc; Tuyen truyen gido dye y thtic hr gide hr hgc cho SV; - Nhd trudng cd che cho cdn bd, GV phyc vy HS, SV hr hgc • Nang cao chat Iirong (Tiep theo trang 56) Trong Thu gtii cde edn b d , GV, edng nhdn, nhdn vien, HS ede cap nhdn djp ddu ndm hgc 19d8-l 9d9, Bde Hd dd cdn dgn: «Du khd khdn den ddu eung phdi tiep tyc thi dua dgy tdt vd hgc tdt Tren nin tdnq GD ehinh trj vd Idnh dgo tu tudng tdt, phdi phdn ddu ndng eao chdt lugng vdn hda vd ehuyen mdn nhdm thiet thyc gidi quyet cdc vdn di cdch mgng nudc ta di ra, vd mdt thdi gian khdng xa, dgt nhung dinh cao cua khoa hgc vd kT thudt" (2; tr 501) Oe thyc hien td't Idi dgy cuo Ngudi, hon oi het, G V gidng dgy mon GDCD edn ed y thtic tgo eho HS mdt tdm the chu ddng, tinh thdn phdn chdn hdnh trinh khdm phd fri thtic nhdn logi, gdp phdn quan frgng Tap chi Giao due so (ki • 9/2011) (1) B6 GD-DT Tdp bdi gidng gido due hgc dgi hgc (dknh cho cac Idp b6i duung can be quan li dao tao va giang vien cac trudng hpc dai hoc, cao ding, H 2006 (2) BO GD-DT Quy che dao tao dai hpc va cao dang he chfnh quy Ban hanh Icem theo quye't dinh so 25/ 2006 QD BGD&DT 26/6/2006 cua Bp trudng Bp GD-DT (3) Ta Thanh Phuomg "Thirc trang hpc tap cua sinh vien cao ding dieu duflrng Ichoa I nam 2006-2008", H 2008 Tai lieu tham khao BO GD-DT Chuong trinh dao tao cao ding diSu du&ng Ban hknh theo quy^t dinh s6 12/2001/QDBGD&DT ngky 26/4/2001 cua Be GD-DT N.A RubaKin Tu hoc nhu the nao NXB Thanh niin H 1973 3.1.F.Khalamov Phat huy tinh tich cue cua hoc sinh nhuthe nao, tap I, II NXB Gido due, H 1978 Trin Trpng ICim Nho giao NXB TP Ho Chi Minh 1992 Thai Duy Tuyen "B6i duang nang luc tir hpc cho hpc sinh" Tgp ehi Gido due (s6' 74; thang 12/2003) Vu Thj Phuong Anh "Sinh vien tij hpc d nha chua de'n gid/tuin/m6n" Vietnamnet (5/11/2005) SUIVII\^ARY In credit-based education, students'self-study at home Is very Important, especially for V year students, who are still accustomed to the old way of study In secondary school The author studies this issue from the practice of education in Ha Noi r^edlcal College vdo thdnh cdng ctjo dd't nudc cdng cudc cdng nghiep hdo, hien dgi hda G (1) V3n Icien Dai hdi dai bieu toan qu6c va Dieu le Dang Cong san Viet Nam lan thiir XI NXB Chinh tri qu^e gra, H.2011." (2) Ho Chl Minh - Tuyen tap, tap NXB Suthdt, H 1980 Tai lieu tham khao BO GD-DT Tai lieu boi duong giao vien mon Giao due cong dan NXB Gido due, H 2007 Giao due cflng dan 10 NXB Gido due, H 2009 SUIVIIVIARY Today, the Civics subject at upper secondary level still has weaknesses regarding content and teaching methods Therefore, there should be adjustment and renewal so that students can have more enthusiasm in learning it and the quality of teaching this subject can be improved ... duung can be quan li dao tao va giang vien cac trudng hpc dai hoc, cao ding, H 2006 (2) BO GD-DT Quy che dao tao dai hpc va cao dang he chfnh quy Ban hanh Icem theo quye''t dinh so 25/ 2006 QD... Thanh Phuomg "Thirc trang hpc tap cua sinh vien cao ding dieu duflrng Ichoa I nam 2006-2008", H 2008 Tai lieu tham khao BO GD-DT Chuong trinh dao tao cao ding diSu du&ng Ban hknh theo quy^t dinh... y thtic hr gide hr hgc cho SV; - Nhd trudng cd che cho cdn bd, GV phyc vy HS, SV hr hgc • Nang cao chat Iirong (Tiep theo trang 56) Trong Thu gtii cde edn b d , GV, edng nhdn, nhdn vien, HS