QNBHISNCOULILU&N Hdl DONG TRII0NG TRONG VAN DE QUAN TRj DAI HOC d VliT NAM MfiT GOC NHIN TIT QUAN DIEM DOANH NGHIEP PHAM THILT Tnfdng B9I hpc Ngoiin TA Thinli Emaii lypbaiii63egiMll cDm T6m tdt H6i dd[.]
QNBHISNCOULILU&N Hdl DONG TRII0NG TRONG VAN DE QUAN TRj DAI HOC d VliT NAM: MfiT GOC NHIN TIT QUAN DIEM DOANH NGHIEP PHAM THILT Tnfdng B9I hpc Ngoiin TA Thinli Emaii: lypbaiii63egiMll.cDm T6m tdt: H6i ddng trudng Id vdn de tdm diem cua cdi cdch qudn tri dgi hgc d Viit Nam, vi nd dugcxem Id mdt nhiJmg cache quan trgng giup cdn bdng giUa tUchu vd trdch nhiem gidi trinh ciHa nhd trUifng Hdi ddng trudng Id tdchiic ehiu trdch nhiem quyit dinh ve phuang hudng hogt ddng cua nhd trUdng, huy ddng vd gidm sdt viic sddung ede ngudn luc ddnh cho nhd trudng Quy dinh ndy dp dung chung cho cd trUdng dgi hgc cdng vd tU Bdi viit trinh bdy vi Hdi ddng tntdng cdc trudng dgi hoc d Viet Nam dUdi gdc nhin tdquan diem doanh nghiip.Trong bdi, tde gid tdp trung ph&n tich: Mdtsd nit tdng quan ve Hdi ddng trudng d Viet Nam; Vdn di Hdi dong trUdng theo quan diem doanh nghidp Tdkhda: Hdi ddng truimg; qudn tn dgi hge; trUdng dgi hgc; doanh nghiip (Nhdnbdl ngdy 30/12/2016:Nhdn kit qud phdnbi^nvdchlnhsda ngdy 20/01/2017;Duyitddngngdy 25/02/2017) 1.E>itv£ndl Hdi ddng trUdng (HDT) l i van de tam dilm ciia d i cich quin trj dai hpc (DH) d Vifit Nam, vi nd dUOc xem l i mdt nhung co chl quan trpng giup can bing giifa tu chu v i trich nhifim giii trinh ciia nhi trudng Tuy viy, theo doi diln tiln phit triln eua thuc t i l n giio due dai hpc (GDDH) vdng mdt t h i p kt qua, ta sfi nhin thay van d l HDT l i mpt chu d l gai gdc v i hlu nhU khdng cd budc tiln ding k l Dilu niy cd nhilu If do, nhung chu ylu l i vi c i gicS lam ehinh sich v i gidi quin li d l u t i l p cin khii ni^m HDT nhu mpt co c h l quyin luc don thuan Bii vilt niy trinh biy mdt cich tilp can khic ddi vdi van d l HOT tir gdc nhin ciia quin tri doanh nghifip Tdng quan v l v^n d l Hdi ddng trUdng d Vifit Nam gdp gi cho sU phit triln cOa n h i trUdng Bd GD&DT cho bilt, d i n thing 09 nam 2016 cd 14 trudng OH da thinti l i p HDT, chua ke DH Qudc gia v i DH vimg 2.2 Hdi ddng trUdng/Hdl ddng qudn trf vi mit phdplf Luit GD quy djnh HDT l i td chCtc "chju trich nhi^m quylt djnh v l phuong hudng hoat ddng cda nhi trudng, huy ddng v i giim sit viec sd dyng cic ngudn li^c dinh cho n h i trudng" Quy dmh niy i p dyng chung cho cl trudng OH cdng v i tU Luit GDOH phan bifit chd^c ning v i thim quyin cda HDT cie trudng cdng l i p (Dilu 16} khic vdi HDQT d c trUdng t u (Dilu 17) Nhdng dilm khic bift nhusau: HDT HDQT 2.1 Vdi nit vi Ifch sU Nhifim (khdng cd quy djnh ThUe hifin nghj quylt cOa Td nim 1975, hai miln Nam Bic thdng nhat, t i t vu tUdng tu) dai h$i cd ddng, quylt c i cic trudng OH ei nudc dupc d i t dudi su quin nghj nhCtng vin d l nh3n If ciia Bd Gilo dyc v i Dio tao (GD&DT) Cic bd, nginh su, t i i ehfnh, t i l sin lifin quan v i chinh quyin d p tinh (gpi ehung la CO quan Thinh (khdng cd quy dinh Bao gfim d^i di$n ed ddng, chu quin) theo md hlnh quin ii t i p trung cua kinh t l phin tuong ty) dai di$n chfnh quyin dja k l hoaeh hda Md hinh niy khdng chda dung khii nifim phuong HDT Co quan chu quin d i m nhiem viec linh dao t i t c i cic trudng Tifiu Bing tiln si v i Bing OH chuin nim kinh nghifim Khii nifim -HDT" lln d l u tifin dupc dua ehfnh chdtjch quin If) thdc Dilu le Trudng OH nam 2003 duae t h i c h l hda Luit Giio dye (GD) n i m 2005 tat Dilu 53, sau Cich Do CO quan ehu HCX^ biu qua t>d philu dd duoc chi tilt hda d Dilu 14 v i 16 Luit GDDH n i m bd quin nhi trudng kfn, Oy ban nhin din tlnh/ 2012, v i Oilu lfi Truimg OH n i m 2014 Cho d i n nay, nhiem bd nhi^m Thinh phd cdng nh|n ngoai trd eic trudng ngoii cdng lip duong nhifin cd Hdi 2.3 Vin tri H6I Mng trutmg/H^I tfinj quin trf dfing quin tri (HDQT), viec thinh l i p HDT d trudng cdng tht/c ti rit Cham v i khd khin Tuy nhifin, thuc t l , mdt thip KhSo sit so b^ li^u tir cSc truang OH da c4 HDT nifin sau kht v i n de HDT lln d l u tifin dupc d l cip n i m 2003 sd tn/dng cdng thinh l i p dupc HDT ehi d i m trfin cho thSy, d#i b0 phan thSnh vi4n HDT lii ngi/di trirdng vS khdng it tn/dng hop chip tich HDT d6ng th« d i u ngdn tay, chua ndi tdi vific hp lam duoc gi va ddng l i hiSu tn/6ng (HT) (tnrdng hop thinh IJp trudc nSm * KHOA H9C GUo DVC NGHIEN COU U LUAN I 2014), hoic bi thu d i n g uy (trudng hpp thinh tap sau n i m 2014) Ghi nhin cua gidi nghien ciJtu cho thiy, Iinh dao d c truong cdng khdng mudn ttiinh l i p HOT Ho coi dd l i ' b i n h xe thd nam' ciia cd xe linh dao [1L [2] Bio d o giim sat cda Oy ttan Vin hda, GD, Thanh nifin, Thilu nifin va Nhi ddng cua Qudc hpi nam 2010, neu i^: *Trong 440 tnicmg DH - cao ding, chi ed chua tdi 10 trudng cd HOT Trfin thuc t l , cac hdi ddng niy gan nhu khdng hoat ddng, d c vien ngoii trudng h l u nhu khdng du phifin hpp nio, khong cd bat cd hoat ddng gi trif sU hien difin tai phifin hpp edng t)d quyet dinh thinh tip hdi ddng" HDT l i ktiii nifim du nhap tir thuc tien quin trj cua phuong fay vdi mong mudn i p dyng nhdng kinh nghifm thinh cdng cua d c trudng OH tdt tren t h i giiM Tuy nhifin, dupe 'Viet Nam hda" eho phu hpp vdi dilu kifin Vifit Nam thi nd khdng cdn chdc nang chu y l u ciia HDT nhutrong d c trUdng OH phUong Tay nua Hon nOa, t i n g chfnh trj va xa hdi Vifit Nam ciing ehua cho phfip ap dung nhimg chdc nang nhu viy Mdt dilm tdiic bifit cd t h i thiy rat rd t i mdt nhutig nhiem vy quan trc-^g^)ienhat HDT6 phucmg Tiy l i tuyin dyng/sa t h i i H\, dd HDT d Vifit Nam chua cd quyin han Cung d n ghi nhln mdt budc t i l n l i cho d i n mic dil v i n khdng cd quyin quylt djnh v l ntiin su quin If d p eao cua n h i trudng, tiDT d i ed quyin 'gidi thifiu nhin sU" d l cO quan cd t h i m quyen tid nhifim v i ' k i l n nghj mien nhif m'tren co sd td chdc lay philu tin nhifim Thfim vio dd, D i l u ie da cd quy djnh Chu tjch I ^ T khdng kifim nhifim chUc vy HT hay phd HT, trinh duoe tinh trang "vira da t>dng vUa thdi cdi'di timg xiy trudc diy Tuy viy, HOT d trudng cdng lai HT d l xuit thinh l i p d l CO quan t h i m quyin quylt dinh cdng nhin, hoan toin trai ngupe v * thyc t i l n d phucmg TSy l i HDT tuyin chpn v i bd nhifim HT Cd t h i ndi, trich nhifim cua HDT khdng g i n vdi t h i m quyin tuong xdng da tao tinh trang 'banh xe thd n i m ' eua HDT nhu ta thay hifin nay, va i i nguyen nhin cho d i n v i n ed nhilu truimg DH chua lip HOT Thing n i m 2015, Bd GID&DT da cd Cdng v i n sd 69/BGDDT-TCCB d l nghj cic trUdng khan tarcmg thinh l i p HDT theo quy dinh, chim nhit quy II nam 2015 Tuy nhien, cho d i n mdi chi ed 14 trudng lap dupc HDT, n l u khdng k l DH Qudc gia v i OH vimg d eic trudng tU, cho d i n tat d eic trudng tU thinh l i p trude nam 2014 hoac chuyen ddi tU trudng t>in cdng hay d i n tap d l u duoc mac dinh xem l i trudng tu thyc vi ten nhuin, vi chua cd truimg nio hoan thu tyc xin cdng nhin l i trudng khdng vi M nhuan Vi t h i , HDQT d eic trudng da hinh tn/dc Dilu lfi TfUdng DH 2014 ddi, va dupc thilt lap dUa trfin Quy c h l Td chUc v i Hoat ddng Trudng TU thuc, ban hinh theo Quylt djnh 61 v i dieu chinh bing Quylt dinh 63/QD -TTg Quy c h l niy eoi trUdng tU nhU mdt doanh nghiep, do HOQT dupc t a u tai dai hdi cd ddng v i Bd GI3&DT chi quyet djnh cdng nhan Quy che niy ddi hdi thinh phan tham gia HDQT phii l i cd ddng cd ddng gdp cd F^an d mdt mdc nhat djnh v i t r i i vdi cic v i n b i n v l sau, ktidng yeu cau HDQT phii cd nhiitng phan khdng phai l i cd ddng Vi t t i l , nd chu yeu l i tieng ndi cua cd ddng, l i eoquan quyin tUc cua gidi chii trudng Hifin trang niy van keo dai cho den mac dii nd khdng cdn phu hpp vdi eac quy dinh ve HE)QT neu D i l u lfi n i m 2014, nhung Bd GD&DT cung khdng yeu d u d c trucmg phai bd sung ViA hifin trang nhU trfin, cd t h i tdm t i t nhfjfng tdn tai v i n d l HDT d Viet Nam nhU sau: / d tnjdng cdng, tham quyen ciia HDT khdng nhat quan vifi traeh nhifim, vi viy khdng cd co c h l b i o d i m ctio vific thuc hien trich nhiem Quyin Ipi cung khdng dupc xic ^Rnh, dd ddng luc de l i m tdt nhifim vu cung khong rd 2/ trudng tu, HDQT chu yeu la tiing ndi cua cd ddng, khdng phin i n h day du tieng ndi v i lot fch cua eac tifin lifin quan 3/ c i trudng edng va tnidng tu, ddng gdp cua HDT/HOQT cho viec tao gia trj cua n h i trudng d l u khdng rd Trong thyc t l hifin d Vifit Nam, HDT v i n mang tfnh d i l t trang trf cdn HDQT thi ning v l chdc ning quin IL 4/ d trudng cdng v i trUdng tu HDT/HOQT chUa thuc hifin ducK vai trd tao su d n bing gida tU chu va trich nhiem giii trinh mdt phan la cd r i t ft thinh vifin H£)T/HDQT dUpc huan tuyfin cdng t i c v i thuc hifin nd mdt d c h ehuyfin trich Phin Idn i i cdng t i c kifim nhifim v i d e vai trd thudng bj l l n ldn vdi NhCmg v i n de trfin d i y khdng chi l i hfi q u i eda khung chinh sach v i quy dinh hiln hinh v l quin tri iTUdng DH m i cdn l i k i t q u i cich nhin thUc cua chung ta v l vai trd thUe sU cua HOT/HOQT va ning ddng gdp cua nd su phit triln cda n h i trudng Vi t h i phan t i l p theo cua b i i v i l t sfi trinh biy mdt gdc nhln khic v l vai tro cua HOT/HOQT v i giii thfch bing d e h nio td chUc niy cd the ddng gdp v i o vific tao nhCtng g i i trj mdi cho sU phit triln eua n h i trudng Hoi ddng trUdng/Hoi ddng q u i n trj theo quan diem doanh nghifip Quin tri dupc hieu l i n h i ^ g co c h l nhim hudng dan v i kilm soit mdt td chdc [3] Quin trj doanh nghiep thuc chat la van d l ai, hoic d i gi ddng vai trd chi phdi q u i trinh quylt djnh 3.1 Cde md hinh qudn tri Theo Morten Huse [4], cd tmn kiiu djnh nghTa v l quin trj doanh nghifip: kieu "quin If" kiiu 'quyin luc tdi cao cua cd ddng' kieu ' h i i hda cac bfin lien quan" v i kiiu 'hucmg tin myc tifiu mdt cich ben vdng va dn djnh' Kieu quin trj khdng chi phu thudc vao tfnh chat cua doanh nghiep, ma cdn la nhan thdc v l nd Ngiy nay, trich nhifim x i hpi ciia doanh nghifip ngiy cang duoc nhan manh v i kiiu ptiit trien ben vCtng dang chiem uu thfi vdi nhdng td chdc cd tam nhin d i i han, k l c i Sfil37-THAMG2/2S17*7 C Q NGHieNCOULJUlAN chde nang cua ho la sin xuat hay kinh doanh NhCtng dien t i l n va thay ddi quan d i l m v l quan tri ndi chung v i vai trd ciia HDQT ndi rifing trfin t h i gidi thuc ehit la k i t q u i v i la su d i p img cua gidt hoat dpng cung nhugidi hpc g i i trUde nhdng vy scandals cho thay su bat eip eOa md hinh truyen thdng (kiiu 'quin li" v i 'cd ddng") Trudc diy, md hlnh quin trj doanh nghiep chu yeu thien ve md hinh 'quyin luc tdi thUOTig cua cd ddng' nha dau tU ddng vai trd linh dao, cdn t i t d cac vai khic (HOQT, d c nha quan If d p cao) deu l i phucmg tifin d l thuc hifin quyin tue ay viec dan dit doanh nghifip Lin sdng thd nhat ddi thay ddi d e h nhin ddi vdi HDQT bit dlu td chinh cie nhi d l u tU d i i han Hp cho ring HDQT khdng nfin chl la vat trang tri chi cd mdi chdc ning ddng dau Ifin nhCtng v i n b i n ma gidi quin If soan sin trli lai d n phii xic djnh mye tifiu eua doanh nghifip, tuyen dyng v i dinh gta kit q u i l i m viec eua cic nhi quin li dilu hinh doanh nghifip Lin sdng thU hai niy sinh dUcri tic ddng cua toin d u hda va cua cdng nghfi thdng tin Cac doanh nghifip cing cd tfnh chit toan clu v i c6 philu cua nd dupe nilm y i t trfin sin chdng khoan khip ncri tren t h i gidi, mdi quan t i m cua co ddng khdng cdn chl i i cfi tii'e nhU trudc m i cdn l i gii cua cd philu Cic doanh nghifip khdng phil cht d n thu hut ngudi tifiu thy hing hda/djch vy, m i cdn nhim tdi thu hut d c nhi dau tu Nhu d u ve eic nhi quin If cd t i i v i mdt co c h l hieu q u i cho quin trj doanh nghifip khdng phu thudc vao sUtham gia trUc t i l p cua nhi d l u tu trd nfin m?nh me hon bao gid hit Vi t h i , md hinh cac nhi diu tu true tilp chi phdi hoat ddng cua doanh nghifip trd nfin md nhat hon 3.2 NhCmg bdt cdp md Mnh qudn trf doanh nghiip truyin thdng Trong md hinh 'quin li' thinh vien HOQT bfin ngoii thudng l i cie nhi quin tf d p cao (CEO) lua chon, vi t h i hp phuc vy cho Ipi ich cua cic CEO Cic nhi quin If d p cao phuc vu eho toi ich ciia cd ddng, tdc gidi diu tu, ed xu hudng theo ehii nghia ca hdi v i ngin han (shortemism) t h i hien qua sy tap trung vio vific lim t i n g g i i trj co philu thay vi tap trung vao phit triln cdng vific chfnh (core business) cua doanh nghifip [5] Hai thU niy khong nhat thilt miu thuan nhung nhilu mau thuin v i dieu niy lam tdn hai Ipi ich ciia d c bfin lifin quan khic, nhdng ngudi cd xu hudng g i n bd vdi doanh nghifip v i hudng lpi td nhimg lpi ich dai han eua doanh nghifp nhu nhan vien, khach hang v i cdng ddng x i hdi Dilu niy phi hiiy ddng luc l i m viec cua hp va lim giim hifu q u i hoat ddng eua doanh ngliifip, Chung tdi mufin nhln manh ring, d quin tri doanh nghifip, xu hudng tuyet ddi hda vai trd quylt dinh cua cd ddng cung dang dupc thay t h i bing xu hudng cin bing v i hudng tdi phat trien b i n vdng bing cich nhln manh sU tham gia cua cac bfin lifin quan khic nhau, nhim quin li d c mau thuan lai fch v i hai hda tifing ndi cua d c ben U l i vi kiiu quin trt niy • n t o A i n c GlAo ogc chd trpng tdt quan hf tucmg t i c giOa cic bfin v i cic ylu td, tdc l i mpt d c h t i l p eln tdng t h i thay cho d c h tilp can cd tfnh chit cue t)d v i chia d t md hlnh'quin li'va md hlnh "cd ddng" vl t h i nd td thfch h ^ hem va cd hifiu q u i hon trai d n h ngiy d n g phCtc t^p ngiy Myc dfch tdi h i u cua doant) nghifip t i t nhlfiti la tao Ipi nhuin, nhdng vific t i p trung mdt d c h thiSn Ifch vao nhdng mye tifiu ngin han sfi cd t h i l i m t i n t^t tdi cic myc tifiu d i i han Dd l i If cic doanh nghifp chuyin sang md hlnh dn djnh va c i n bing nhim bio d i m Ipi ich d i i han Kieu "eac bfin lifin quan"vi kiiu "bin vCtng'ddi hit nhdng vai trd v i trich nhiem cda HOQT khie vdi trudc diy O l dat dupc sU can bing nhim vio sU phit triln dai han cda td chdc, HDQT phii ddng vai trd lanh daovi giam sat cdng vific eda bd phin quin If d p cao Hp phii l i ngudi tao v i b i o vf cic g i i trj cda td chii'c Trong hai md hinh niy, quin trj khdng chi cd nghTa l i sd hull, kilm soit, khfch lfi hay trimg phat m i cdn l i phin bd thitn quyin quylt dmh, xic l i p v i b i o ve c&c chuin myc gii trj 3.3 Nhiim vu cda Hdl dong qudn trf Nhifim vy dupe dy thic cho HDQT rit khic nhau, theo kiiu doanh nghifp, quy md, bdi d n h v i nhit l i tdy theo nhln thdc cda chu doanh nghifp Lf thuylt v l quyin t i i sin [property rights theory) phin bift quyin sd hCtu v i quyin kilm soit Mdt cdng ty cd t h i cd rSt nhilu ed ddng, n l u mdi cd ddng d l u tham gia vio tifng quylt djnh cua doanh nghifp thi chi phf cho vifc 66 se khiln vific quin trj trd nfin khdng hifiu qui VI thi, HOQT dupe xem l i d^i difn cho nhdng ngUdi chd sd hOtJ doanh nghifp Theo quan d i l m cCia If thuylt quyin til sin thi HOQT cd nhifim vy b i o vi Ipi fch eiJa cd ddng, tdc nhdng ngudi n i m gid quyin sd hCtu t i i sin dfii vdi doanh nghiep, thdng qua kilm soit hoat ddng ciia nhdng ngUdi dilu hlnh doanh nghifip Trong kht dd, d md hlnh "cic bfin lien quan", HOQT khdng chl dai difin Ipi fch cCia cd ddng m i cdn d^l diftt cho nhu'ng ben lien quan khie Hp l i nhdng ngUirt dem lai g i i tri t i n g thfim cho doanh nghifp v i sd hCtu nhdng thdng tin cd tinh chit chiln lupc [6], [7], [8] Tnidng h^p tdi Uu l i nhdng ngUdi niy n i m gid vific kiem soitdoanli nghifp Lifu cd ddng cd n h i t thiet l i ngUdi ddng gdp g i i trj gia t i n g cao n h i t cho doanh nghifip, chju riit ro Idn nhat vdi that bai cua doanh nghifp, v i l i ngUdi nim gid nhdng thong tin chiln lUpe hay khdng, l i dilu vSn edn g i y tranh cii Cd ddng eic doanh nghifp l i cic nhi diu tU va hudng tdi loi nhuan T h i nhung trfin t h i gidi hp dang hudng tdi viec giim nhe quyin chi phdi true t i l p t ^ hoal ddng dieu hanh doanh nghifp v i thay t h i md hlnh niy bing eich tuyin dyng mdt HDQT ehuyfin nghifip nhifn tao the eln bing vdi d c CEO chinh l i vl md hlnh niy mang tdi su chuyen nghifp, t h i can bing, trang thil fin dinh, hifiu q u i , v i Ipi nhuin nhilu hon VI t h i , khfing cd li gi cic trudng DH Vifit Nam lai khdng hucimg tfit NGHI£N COU Li LUAN vific xem x i t CO cM HOT/HDQT theo quan diem doanh nghiep, nhim t i m d i o cac trudng trd nfin cd hifiu qua hon, die bifit l i l>di d n h canh tranh toan d u hien 3.4 Vdn de Hdi dong tn^mg/Hdi O^g qudn tri trortg cdc trudng dgi hgc dUdI gdc nhln doanh nghiip ed ldc ve m i t chfnh sich, trudng DH tu d Viet Nam gan nhu dupc ddng n h i t vdi cac cdng ty cd phan\ v i thuc t l hien van dang l i nhu viy, mac du chinh sich niy hifin da duge difiu chinh^ Thuc te nhdng nam gan day cho thiy mau thuan lien tyc xiy d d c truimg DH tu mdt ptiin la vl cie quy djnh nhi nudc ddi vdi vifc q u i n tri d irudng tu khdng ngCtng m i u thuin tan Trong van d l d trudng tu l i HOQT ed xu hudng tam quyin, thi van d l d trudng edng lai ngupe iai, tdc tinh chit'trang tn" eua HDT Trong d haitrUcmg hpp, HDT/HDQT d i khdng mang tai g i i tn gia t i n g cho n h i trucmg Q trudng hpp td chdc l y l i mdt tnidng DH Vi ngiy trudng OH khdng cdn dUoe xem nhu'thinh dUdng' hay t h i p n g i ' nhu xUa, m i l i mdt td chde eua cac ben tifin quan Khi ndi tdi 'xung dot lcri ich'giCta hai vai trd thinh vifin HDQT va HT/CEO, chiing ta khdng cd y djnh ndi ring hai vai trd niy ddi l i p theo nghTa bfin niy dupc thi ben mit, trai lai, diinh sii khdc cda hai vai trd ndy bdo ddm cho sU bS sung Idn cua nd Vific thucmg xuyen phii gill trinh trich nhifim trude HDQT khdng d n trd vific thuc hifin nhifim vu cua HT/ CEO, trii lai d i t hp vao mdt tinh the phai nd luc khdng ngimg va k i t qua la chat lupng cdng vifc tdt hon cho nha trudng, hay eho doanh nghifip Do l>in ctilt xung dot ndi tren, n l u nhuthinh phin v i cac vien HDT/HE)QT lai HT/CEO de xuit (hoac quyet djnh), thi lfi dT nhifin hp sfi lua chpn nhCtng ngudi khdng cd k h i ning d i t d l u hdi v l nhdng van d l dilu tianh cua hp Dd chfnh l i dieu hifn chung ta dang Trong eo d u doanh nghifp, du l i md hlnh nao thi lim: HDTd trudng cdng l i HT cung vdi d c thinh vifin sy dde l i p gida HDQT v i CEO v i n l i mdt die tfnh mic bd miy dilu hinh n h i trudng duiig td chde dinh, nhin td quan dilm chdc ning Viec thinh vifin thinh tip [Oilu 10 Dilu If 2014); cdn d trudng tU, phin tiOQT kifim nhifm chdc vy hf thdng dilu hinh da Idn thinh vifin HDQT dang n i m vai trd dilu hinh, vi viy l i m h^n chl, neu khdng ndi l i mat hln nang tuduy vai trd l-IDQT cua hp cung d i bj vd hifu hda v i hinh ddng (nhu tip ding lfi phii li) cuong vi Tuy viy sU cd m i t cua HT/CEO d c cudc thio HDQT luin cua htDQT nhilu l i eln thiet, t>di vi hp n i m dUpc VI nhu vay? Cin phin bifit quin tri {governance) bdc tranh thuc t l va cd t h i cung c3p thdng tin cht t i l t v i quin If [management) Quin trj l i tao sd mang, l i m CO sd cho nhung dinh g i i cua HDQT Chfnh vi t h i , muc dfch, t i m nhin v i hudng di cua td chdc, cung nhu Luit GDDH v i cie vin b i n lifin quan hifn dang xle xiy dung chinh sich, giim sit vifc sd dung ngudn tUc l i p HT nhu mdt thinh vien duong nhifin [ex-officio) eua v i d l u tu, giim sit vifc thuc hifn chiln lUpc cua d td t4DT/H€X3T Ii dung Tuy nhifin, d l trinh mau thuin Ipi chdc Trong dd, quin li la td chdc thUc hifin sd mang fch, d c doanh nghifip va nhilu trudng OH cda dem vi, II biln k l hoach chiln lupc v i dinh hudng d phuong Tiy thinh vifin niy khdng cd quyin bd philu cda td chdc thinh hifin thuc k>lng eich xiy dung dpi (non-vormg member) ngu, sd dyng ngudn tpc v i thUe thi cdng vifc Vai trd cua Nhu trfin da de cap, nhOtig nhifm vy hlfn dang HDQT l i quin tri cdn vai trd eua HT, tUOng tU nhU CEO dupe quy dinh cho HDT/HOQT cua cie trUdng DH Vift cua doanh nghifp l i quin If Nam khdng ptiin Inh ddng b i n chit vai trd cua ho v i Nhifm vy chfnh cua HOQT la giim sit vific thuc quy trinh lua chpn, l>d nhifm vien HDQT/HDT hifin chien lupc cua HT, dinh g i i kit q u i hoat ddng v i cung khdng bio d i m eho vifc thuc hifin vat trd dd, k l trich nhifim giii trinh cua HT nhim t>io d i m n h i trudng el vai trd niy d i bj gicri han pham vi quy djnh dang thuc hifin nhdng myc tifiu d i djnh, l i ngudi quylt hifin hinh djnh t>d nhifm, sa thii, cung nhumUc luong cua HT, Dilu quan nhat vai trd thuc sUcua HDT/ Mic du c i hai vai trd l y d l u hUifmg tdt su thjnh HDQT l i hp cd t h i tao mdt ddi trpng ddi vdi nhdng vupng v i phit t n l n cua doanh nghiep/nhi trudng, ngudi dilu hinh Ddi trpng tuyft nhifin khdng cd nghTa ning xung ddt Ipi ich gida hai vai trd niy rit de thiy hTT ddi lip, ngUpc lai nd tao vj t h i can bing gida quyin cung nhu d c CEQ phii thuc hifn trich nhifm giii trinh tu chu v i trich nhifim giii trinh cua n h i trudng N6 bio trudc HDQT Nlu thinh vien HOQT ddng thcri l i thinh d i m cho sU hai hda v l Ipi fch cua d c bfin, la dieu rut cue \nfin Ban Giim hifiu, l i m hp ed t h i giim sit chinh se tdi da hda tpi ich cua tdng bfin ho v i giai trinh trich nhifim vdi chinh mlnh lifu cd cdn y Dieu ddng vdi d e doanh nghifp va d n g dung nghia gi nCta? Luu y ring Ipi fch cua cic CEO khdng phai hon ddi vdi trudng DH Kiem tra cheo [cross-check) khdng lue n i o cung trung khdp via Ipi ich cua d td chdc ke ca phii la d l d n trd tan m i d l hd trp nhim dat tip ddng thcri la chu sd hCtu Dilu niy lai d n g dung duoc muc tifiu chung Thuc t l cho thiy, nhdng ngudi dilu hinh phii thudng xuyfin thuc hifin trich nhifim Quy c h l td chiJK v^ Ho^t dbnglnibng £A\ WS t h i ^ ban hdnh theo gili trinh cua hp thi hp sfi lim tdt hon nhieu DT nhifin, QuyA dinh 61 v4 di4u chlnh b i n g Quylt dinh 63/QO-TTg dilu chi xiy thinh vifin HDQT la nhdng ngudi D i l u \ti Tnjemg E>H ban h i n h vAm 2014 da han c h l n ^ t phSn cd du kiln thdc ning luc v i pham chit cho vai trd cua q u y i n quylt tfinh cua c£ d6ng c i hai loai hinh vl loi nhudn vd khdng v) kn nhu^n hp HDTmOQT v i HT/CEO ehi cd the phit huy dupc vai S(fl37-T1UNG2/Z017*9 U NGHIEN cuu Li LUAN trd eua hp va ddng gdp tich cue cho td chdc neu c i hai ben cung chia se mdt he g i i trj, mdt myc tifiu va cdng cd chung mdt nen t i n g ve kien thdc kinh nghifm, v i n hda Khdng cd dilu kifn thi hai ben sfi d n trd tan v i giy b i t ddng nghifim trpng l i m suy yeu c i td chdc Viy, thinh vien HOT/HOQT d n phii cd nhCtng ning luc v i pham chat gl? Nhilu nghien cdu eho thay nhCtng ning lue quan trpng nhit la kha ning khii quit hda, ning phin tich bdi cinh, nang dinh gia ngudi v i tucmg tic vi^ ngudi khic trfin tinh than xay dUng, cudi cdng l i kha ning hpc hdi Kha nang khai quit hda cho phep hp nhin thay mdt bdc tranh Idn han v i cd mdt t i m nhln xa hem 1^1 ning phan tfch t)di d n h giup hp cd t h i xem xet v i dinh gia dung nhdng vin d l cda td chdc/ doanh nghifip/nhi trudng mdi tUOng quan vdi nhdng nhin td d bfin ngoai, Kha ning dinh g i i ngUdi v i tuong tic hifiu q u i giup hp lua chpn diing nhCtng ngudi difiu hinh v i cd t h i hpp tic dupe vdi nhdng ngudi ly Khi ning hpc hdi cho phfip ho thay ddi d c h suy nghi v i hinh ddng trfin eo sd nhifng thdng tin mdi [9] V i n d l cua Vift Nam Cho d i n nay, cic doanh nghifip tu nhin d Vifit Nam, md hinh phd biln van l i ed ddng chiln lUpc nim vai trd thinh vifin HDQT Dilu niy khdng cd gl la, cd ddng chiln luoc l i ngudi bd vdn nhilu nhit, tdc l i ngudi hudng Ipi nhilu nhit v i m i t m i t nhilu nhit t d thinh bai cua doanh nghifip Hp l i ngudi sdng chfit vdi loi fch eua doanh nghifp v i bilt rd nhat nfin l i m gi d l doanh nghifp tao lpi nhufn Vi thi, hp nfin l i ngUdi nim quyin cao nhit vifc quylt dinh moi v i n d l cda doanh nghifip Thfim vio dd, gidi chu khdng d i m tin ai, cho nen thuimg kifim nhifim vj tri difiu hinh v i cd khuynh hudng biln doanh nghifip ttiinh doanh nghifip gia dinh Md hinh niy khdng phii luc nio cung that bai, nhit l i vdi quy md doanh nghifip nhd hofc sifiu nhd v i bdi einh thilu nhdng thilt chl d l bio d i m eho Idng tin thi nd td phii hpp Nhung ddi vdi nhCmg doanh nghifip Idn v i cd tfnh chit phdc tap, die bifit l i cic trudng DH nd khdng bio d i m cho thinti cdng, ngupe lai cd nhifiu han chl Lf luin quin Iri doanh nghifp t d i i u da phin bifit cic vat ehinh v i ngudi dai difn ciia hp Chii sd hdu, hay cd ddng l i mdt vai chinh, d e nhi quin If (HDQT v i CEO) l i nguiri dai difin cua hp Van d l la cung cd xu hudng t i n dung eo h f i v i hinh ddng vl loi ich c i nhin eua hp Cho d i n d Vifit Nam, chung ta ehi thiy cic doanh nghifp di thufi CEO, hlu nhu rit it doanh nghifp thue HDQTchuyfin nghifip NhCtng ngudi khdng nim giQ quyen t i i sin nhUng dupc huan tuyfin v i ed nhdng ning luc phim chit vupt trdi cd t h i nim gid vj tri thinh vifin HDQT v i tao g i i tri gia ting cho doanh nghifip, Tuy nhien, vifc thufi c i thinh vifin HOQT da trd thinh phd biln d cic nudc phit triln, vl mdc dd ehuyfin nghifip hda v i nhCtng ddi hdi rit eao v l ning luc quin tri da khiln nhC^g ngudi nim gid quyin sd hdu nhln ring hp se cd Ipi hon thufi nhdng ngudi cd ning luc tdt hon 10 • KHU HQC GlAo DVC Thim v i o dd, bj phy thudc v i o quan d i l m cda ngucrt sd hCtu, hp cd t h i khdng nhln bdc tranh Idn hem dd toi (ch eua cic bfin lifin quan cd lifin ddi vdi nhau, vi the gianh phin Ipi hdm cd t h i sfi phii t r i g i i ngiy mai, HOQT thi budc phii nhln thiy dilu niy.Vi thi, vifc thufi d HOQT sdm mudn gl cung trd thinh thyc t l d Vift Nam Hau h i t cac t i c g i i Vift Nam b i n v l md hinli HOT/HDQT cho d c trUdng DH Vift Nam d l u dya trfn md hinh phuong Tiy, cho ring thinh viln HDT nfin ctiil y l u l i ngudi ngoii tnidng v l l i m vifc t ^ nguyfin khdng tuong d l trinh m i u thuin Ipi fch [10], [2], [11], [12], [131 Khic vdi hp, t i c g i i b i i v i l t niy cho ring md hlnh HDT cda d c trudng DH phucmg Tiy hoin toin khdng thfch hpp vdi thuc t l Vifit Nam hifn Chiing ta khdng nen quin ring dSng sau md hinh quin trj OH ciia phuong Tiy l i mdt bdi d n h v i n i n t i n g xa hdi kinh tl, van hda v i chfnh trj r i t khic vdi Vifit Nam d Vift Nam, d i i u gl se xiy n l u dat bd phfn HOQT l i nhOmg ngudi ngoii trudng, cd cdng vlfc riing cOa hp, khdng hilu gi v l thuc t l n h i trudng, cung khdng h i ^ gi v l quin trj DH, khdng cd du kiln thdc v l vifc mft trudng DH phil v i n hlnh nhu t h i nio v l l i m t h i nio d l dat dupe mye tifiu; Nhung ngudi chf tham gia HOT nhi/ mdt vifc thifn nguyfn khdng luong nhiing gid ril rinh? Lim nhCtng ngudi nhU viy cd t h i ginh trgng trich l i d l u nio lanh dao n h i trudng, l i m hp cd dii ning lUe (hoic thdi gian) d l t h i m t^nh trich nhifm giil trinh cua HT? Lim cd t h i ddi hdl d hp qui cao vl ning lyc phim chit v i ddi hdi q u i Idn v l sU cdng hiln cam k i t vdi Ipi (ch cua n h i trudng, Ipi ich cua nhj trudng thyc ching cd lifin quan gl true tilp tdi Ipt fch d nhin Clia hp? NhCfng phin tfch trfin d i y t i t y l u d i n tdi mft nhjn djnh II, HDT/HOQT bdi d n h hifn cda Wf t Nam sfi cd mdt vien d n h thyc t l hon chung ta nhin vin d l niy theo quan d i l m doanh nghifip Ndi d c h khic, vai trd thinh vifin HDT/HDQT d n dupc chuyin nghifp hda Hp phii d i p dng nhdng ddi hdi r i t cao v l phim chit, ning lye v i phii l i m vifc t o i n thdt gian d l hoin thinh nhCtng trich nhifim ning n l khd khin ciia hp M|c dii khdng can thifp vio cdng vifc d i l u hinh hing ngiy, ho phii dupc tao dilu kifn d l am hllu cil gl dang diln trudng v i x i hdi bfin ngoii nhiing dilu 66 cd ^ nghia gi v i n h i truimg eln phii d i p dng nhUthI nio, Hp I I ngudi b i o vf d c g i i trj co b i n cua td chdc, li ngudi dem lai t i m nhin v i ytudng cho sUphIt triln nhi trudng, cung nhu giim sit vific thuc hlfn trich nhifm gili trinh ciia HT Ho tao g i i trj gia ting cho nhi trudng bing d c h djnh rd hudng di, chiln lupc nhim dat myc tifiu v l l i m cho hoat ddng cua HT trd thinh hifu qui hon Vi t h i , hp phii hoat ddng mdt d c h ehuyfin nghlftJ v i duoe hudng luong mdt d c h xUng d i n g K i t i u i n Djnh nhdng myc tieu chiln lUpc I I vifc khdng khd nhung d l dat dupe nd thi khd htm nhilu O l dai NGHIEN COULJLUANGQ Management and Governance 7:223-31 [6] Blair, (1995), Ownership and Control: Rethinking Corpc^ate Governance for the Twenty First Century Washington: Brooking Institute C?] Grandori A (2004), Introduaion: Reframing CorporateGovemaneeBetiaviOTalAssumption, Governance Mechanism Institutiorw Dynamics In A Grandori (eds) Corporate Governance and firm Organisation Oxford: Oxford UnivefSity Press [8] Kaufman A and E Englander, (2005), A Team Production Mod^ of Coffxtrate Governance, Academy of Managenr»ent Executive 19(3): 9-22 [9] Caroline v i cdng su (Oaudia Keiiy Robert Stark, Richard Zhu), (2016), Can 77»ey Make a ieap7, Truy cap 14.l0J016tai vrtvw.spencerstuartcom [10) Pham Phu, (20n),Hdi^i5ngrmc»^:mdrdp/ot ddi vcfi truimg dgi figc In Ve Khudn mat mdi eua gido due dgi hge Viit Nam, Tap 2, trang 33-37, NXB Oai hpc Qudc gia TP Hd Chf Minh TAILIIUTHAMKHAO 11], Lfi Viet Khuy&i, (2016), Cdc hinh thdc sd hdu [1] Martin Hayden v i cdng su, (2012), Quy hogch vd eo edu Hdi ddng truimg/H& dong qudn tn_ cho cde ca tdng thihi thdng gido due dgi hgc Viit Nam, Dii i n Giio sd gido due dgi hgc tgi Viet Nam Tuehu dgi figc vd trdch duL dai t>pc nhiim xd hdi cua CO sdgido due dgi hoc, N\BTh&ng tin va [2] Lim Quang Thiep, (2012), Hgi ddng trUdng cde ca sd gido due dgi hgc cdng lap d nude ta In Truyen ttidng, tr.l 17-124 [12] Nguyin Huy W v i Le Bat Son, (2016), TTidnft/dp Bio d o Thudng nifin giio duc Vifit Nam, trang 402-422 (Nguyin Thj My Ldc Nguyin HCtu Chiu chu bifin), NXB Hdi ddng trudng budc di tdt yiu tien trinh ddi mdi iti hdi nhdp ttii gidi cua gido due dgi hge Viit Nam Tuchu Dgi Oai hoc Qudc gia H i Ndi [31 Charkham J , (1994), ffeeping Good Company: A hgc vd trdeh nhiim xa hdi cua eosd gido due dgi hgc NXB Sudy of Corporate Governance in Five Countries, Oxford: Thdng tin va Truyin ttiong, tr 289 {13] Bui Quang Tuyin & Vd Ding Blnh, (2016), Vi tU Oxford University Press [41 Morten Huse, (2007), Board Governance and (hu dgi hgc - phdn tich quan he giUa quyin sd hUu vd hiiu qud qudn li cdc tn/cmg dgi tmc tu thue Tu ehu dgi Value Creation Cambridge University Press, UK [5] Kochan T, (2003), Restoring Trust in American hgc vd trdch nhiim xd cda ca sd gido duedgi hge, NXB Corporation: Addressing the R(X)t Cause, Journal of Ttidng tin va Truyin thwig, tr.204 dupc nhCnng myc tifiu ly, ngudn tUC (tai nguyen vat ctiat va ngudi tii) la dieu kifin d n nhung chua dd, Oieu kifin dd la mdt c o c t i l cd hieu q u i d l ndi k i t nhCtng ngUdi v i ngudn Iuc dd iai cimg nhau.Quan tie giCfa HDT/HDQT v i ttr/CEO i i quan tie trpng y l u ntilt co die Thuc te d d c tn/dng OH Vift Nam dio ttiay vific xay dung mdi quan tie n i y dang r i t lung tung Gdc nhin t d quan diem doanh nghiep va hifiu q u i cua td chdc cd ttie dem lai mpt d c h tiep d n mdi viec giii quylt van d l niy Sfi khdng cd mdt md hinh hay mdt giai ptiap nao mang lai kitqua tdt neu nguiri cudc ktidng t i l t d l u bing mdt nhin t h i k d i y du v l b i n ctiat, y nghia, nhung uu dilm v i han c h l , nhCtng dilu kifn nao de cd the ap dyng nhdng md hlnh tiay giii F>tiip ly Vl the, chung tdi hi vpng bai v i l t se khdi dau ctio nhdng cudc t h i o luin hCtu fch v l d u hdi d i t ctio vific d i thifin nang tuc tlnh dao d cic trudng OH Vift Nam, cy t h i t i v i n d l HD'f/HDQT UNIVERSITY COUNCIL IN TERMS OF UNIVERSITY GOVERNANCE AT VIETNAMESE UNIVERSITIES FROM ENTERPRISE PERSPECTIVE Pham Thi Ly Nguyen Tat Thanh Unhrersity Emaih lyphaitt63^inail.com Abstract: University council is a central issue of university governance reform in Vietnam, as it is regarded as an lmportantmechanismtobalaneeitsautor}omyandaecountability.UniversrtyCcxjrKilisan(>rgan'izatin,beingresponsible hr deading university's activity direction, mobilizirig and monitoring usage of unrversity resources This provision was applied to both public and private universities The article presented university Council at Vietnamese universities from enterprise fjerspective The auttror focuses on analyzing: an overview of university Council in Vietnam; its issue toward enterprise viewpoint Keywords: University Council; university governance; university; en terprise Sl 137-TWtUG 20117 > 11 ... nhau .Quan tie giCfa HDT/HDQT v i ttr/CEO i i quan tie trpng y l u ntilt co die Thuc te d d c tn/dng OH Vift Nam dio ttiay vific xay dung mdi quan tie n i y dang r i t lung tung Gdc nhin t d quan. .. quyin sd hCtu t i i sin dfii vdi doanh nghiep, thdng qua kilm soit hoat ddng ciia nhdng ngUdi dilu hlnh doanh nghifip Trong kht dd, d md hlnh "cic bfin lien quan" , HOQT khdng chl dai difin Ipi... dupe ''Viet Nam hda" eho phu hpp vdi dilu kifin Vifit Nam thi nd khdng cdn chdc nang chu y l u ciia HDT nhutrong d c trUdng OH phUong Tay nua Hon nOa, t i n g chfnh trj va xa hdi Vifit Nam ciing