VE VAI\ DE TlT TRI DAI HOC d MIEl^ NAM VIET ^AM DIT61 T l l d l VIET NAM COI^G IIOA NGUYEN VAN HUNG" Tu tri dai hoe la van d^ dUdc noi den ra''''t s6m ngay khi nen dai hoc cua mien Nam Viet Nam viia ra d[.]
VE VAI\ DE TlT TRI DAI HOC d MIEl^ NAM VIET ^AM DIT61 T l l d l VIET NAM COI^G IIOA NGUYEN VAN HUNG" T u tri dai hoe la van d^ dUdc noi den mien la khong trai vdi tinh than Hi§'n phkp ra't s6m nen dai hoc cua va nhiJng dieu khoan noi quy eua mien Nam Viet Nam viia dbi The vien dai hoc an dinh traeh nhiem va bon nhung, moi tUOng quan giuta chinh phan giao chiic; Hai Id, giao chiie hoan toan quyen v6i dai hoc c6 nhiing van de, nen mai tu khao ciiu, sang tac va bien ke't den nam 1967, ehinh quyen Sai Gon m6i qua Rieng nhiing cong trinh khao ciiu sang minh dinh ro van de di§u 10, tac, thuc hien vdi nhQng phUdng tien va mue eua Hie'n phap Tuy nhien, tU tri d khuon khd vien dai hoc, neu co ldi goe nao, vai tro cua chinh quyen d3i v6i ri§ng tu, phai c6 sii chap thuan ciia cae giao viee quan ly he tho'ng dai hoc thi lai ehiie quan tri vien dai hoc" (1) 111 mot van de luon gay tranh eai xa V§' quan ly va dieu hanh vien dai hoc, hoi mifi'n Nam Viet Nam Tren cd scl nhQng theo ehUdng III, dieu 8, dieu 9, ban an dinh tu lieu khai thac diidc, chung toi muo'n di to chiic cac viSn dai hgc quo'c gia va nen tU sau phan tich va gidi thieu ve nhiJng quan tri dai hoe ghi ro viec quan tri moi vien dai niem, nhflng hoat dong cua chinh quyen va hpc quo'c gia se mgt Hgi ddng quan tri cija gidi dai hoe mien Nam Viet Nam dam nhiem Thanh phan cua mdi Hoi ddng viec trien khai xu hudng tii ehu dai hoe quan tri mdi vien dai quo'c gia gdm c6: Tong Theo quan di&m eua chinh quyen Sai truSng giao due giii chiic chu tich, cac liy Gon va Bo Giao due Viet Nam Cong hoa vign bao gdm hai nhan sy Tong thdng (VNCH), thi "m6i vien dai hoc quo'c gia \k chi dinh; mgt nhan sy Thiidng vien A$ mot ccf quan cong lap, cd tU each phap cii; mgt nhan si Ha vien de cii; hai giao nhan, eo quyen tU tri v^ hanh ehinh, tai sii dai hoc Hoi ddng van hoa giao due dl chinh v& td ehiic hoc vu phu hdp vdi chinh eii; hai nhan sy Hgi ddng kinh te xa hgi sach giao due quoc gia D^ the hi§n sii de cii; hai nhan sy Hgi ddng tinh hoSc mang tien phong cOia dai hoe linh vUe thi xa ndi thiet lap vien dai hge dd cii; hai tinh than va tU tudng, cac giao chCfc eo nhan vien cao cap de'n tii Bg Giao due va quyen can ban ditdc an dinh nhu sau: Mgt ong Vien triiSng vien dai hgc sd tai viia lam Id, giao chiie hoan toan tu giang day va hgi vien vCfa kiem thuye't trinh vien thao luan pham vi mon hgc ciia minh Ve nhiem vu va quyen han ciia Hgi ddng * NCS Sun Yat Sen University • China Ve v£m de tu tri dai h o c quan tri dai hgc diidc qui dinh cu the d chUdng IU, dieu 12 Theo do, Hgi ddng quan tri ed quyen tdng quat ve hanh chinh va tai ehinh cua vi$n dai hge qu6'e gia va cd nhidm vu: Mdt Id, &'n dinh ehinh sach va ke hoaeh phat trien eua vien; Hai Id, an dinh td chiie eae ed quan thugc vien; Ba la, an dinh quy ehe nhan vien giang huEi'n thuoc vien; Bd'n la, de nghi viec bo nhiem vien triidng; Ndm Id, thoa hiep viee bd nhiem, thang thudng eae nhan vien giang hua'n tii giang sU trd len, eae nhan vien hanh chinh va chuyen mon tii cS'p giam do'e trd len; Sdu Id, kiem soat vi§e quan tri nhdn vien va hanh ehinh eua vien; Bdy Id, ciiu xet dii an ngan sach va chUdng trinh hoat dgng hang nam eua vien; Tdm Id, S'n dinh quy ehe eua vien; Chin la, kiem soat vide thi hanh ngan sach; Miidi Id, tim tai nguyen va quan tri tai san cua vidn; Miidi mgt la, quye't dinh vide d^u tii tai ehinh; Miidi hai Id, thay mat vidn dd vay tien ho^e tra nd khuon khd phap dinh; Miidi ba Id, nhan eac khoan trd cap eiia ehinh phii hoac eae ed quan khae nudc hay ngoai quoe, eac sinh tang va di tang; Miidi boh la, a'n dinh the le c^p ph&t eac tidn thudng vd tich giang hua'n, khao ciiu, sang tae, sang ehe Miidi ldm la, lam bao eao hang nam eho ehinh phii Ngoai ra, Hgi ddng quan tri vien dai hoc qud'c gia cd vai tro de nghi nhan sii cho Tdng thdng va thUdng nghi vien bd nhiem chiic danh Vien trudng Nhii vay, theo chiing toi, qua ban an dinh to chiic cae vidn dai hgc qudc gia va ndn tii tri dai hgc dUdc ludng vien thong qua, c6 the thay, eac vien dai hge quoe gia khong hd dUde hudng ndn tii tri nhii mong ddi, ma ngUde lai vai tro eua nhiing giao sii tham gia triie tiep quan 1^ eae vien dai hge lai md nhat Chinh vi thd' hg da eo nhiing phan ling theo nhieu c^p khac Vay, quan diem eua eae gidi dd'n tii cac 71 vidn dai hoe vd" va'n de tu tri dai hgc thi nhU thd nao? Trong td trinh kidn nghi ve xay diing quy che'tii tri dai hgc 12-5-1970, dng Tran Quang Dd, Vidn trUdng vien dai hgc Sai Gon da ndu rd: Ta't ca cac dai hgc trdn thd' gidi, dii Idn hay nhd, trudng hay mdi dUdc lap, deu dSm tim nhiing cong thiic mdi de dap iing nhu cau mdi eua xa hgi, dap ling vdi nhiing khat vgng cua nien ndi ehung va sinh vidn ndi rieng, dap iing vdi khat vgng dan chu tien bg cua q u i n chiing Cae vidn dai hgc mien Nam Vidt Nam ndi chung va vien dai hgc Sai Gdn ndi rieng, cung d thdi ky dam d6 va vi vay ma nhieu y kidn va quan diem ve tu tri dai hgc da dUdc dUa Theo y kid'n cua dng thi "danh cho mdi vidn dai hgc mgt sii tu tri rdng rai, Vien trUdng va Hgi ddng dai hgc sd quan phai cd quydn quye't dinh ve mgi van de thugc ngi bg cua moi vidn" (2) DSc biet, dng cho rang, theo chiidng II, dieu quy dinh vd phan uy vien Hgi ddng quan tri dai hoc quo'c gia la ba't hdp le vi chi cd mgt uy vidn de'n tii gidi dai hge, nhu vay se khdng cd tii tri dai hge, va nhu the' "dai hgc c6 thd bi xam pham ba't cii liic nao bdi mgi gidi tii ehinh quyen de'n eae ehinh tri gia, cac thUdng gia " (3) Va, ong Vidn triidng vien dai hge Sai Gdn da de xuat: tii tri dai hgc hoac phai bao gdm vien dai hgc dd c6 cac quyen nhu quyen tuydn chgn sinh vidn; quyen tuyen dung nhan vidn; quyen a'n dinh chUdng trinh giang day va khao ciiu; quyen thiet lap va an dinh gia tri van bang; quyen phan phdi tai nguyen eho eae nganh hoat ddng va quyen xay ca't dai hge Mat khac, ong cung thiia nhan sii quan ly dieu hanh ciia chinh quyen ddi vdi dai hge, vi vidn dai hgc la cd sd hgc dudng eua quo'c gia Tii tri dai hgc chi la quyen tii quan tri khudn khd mgt td chiic rgng rai hdn mgt tham quyen trung Udng dieu Rghien eihi Ljeh sii- s g i o g j khiln Noi each khae day la mdt quyen quan ly tii tri, mdt quyd'n tu tri eua hgi ddng (autonomic de conseils) Vi vSy, theo ong, "Tu tri dai hgc bao dam tii giang day va khao ciiu Tii tri dai hgc ch5c ch^n giiip ea nhan nd de dang Tu tri khong c6 nghia la quyen han tuyet dd'i Tii tri cd nghia la traeh nhidm Tu tri khong the tien tdi phan ly Tii tri eiing khdng ed nghia la bie'n dai hgc mdi trudng sach ddng" (4) Cud'i ciing, dng Tran Quang Dd de xuat "qudc gia phai dat niem tin d dai hge, mgt sU tin tu3ng that sii hoan toan va diy dii Trudc sii tin tudng nay, gidi dai hge, tiic la cac giao sii va sinh vidn, phai chiing minh sii tru5ng eiia minh, phai hidu ro traeh nhiem ciia minh va phai sin sang nhan traeh nhiem a'y" (5) Quan didm cua cac giao sU dd'n tii cae dai hge dan lap dUde the hidn diln vin tdng khai giang cua ThUdng tga Thich Minh Chau, Vidn trudng Vidn dai hgc Van Hanh ban dd'n va'n de tii tri dai hgc: "Ndi den tinh than dai hgc la ndi dd'n tinh th^n tu tri khdng de cho nhiing, va'n dd chinh tri, ton giao, dia phUdng ehi phoi dudng hudng thudn tiiy giao due eua mgt dai hge Dai hgc khdng phai la mdi trudng de nhflng vi hanh chinh, nhflng vi giao sU ldi dung dia vi cua minh, iing hg tdn giao cua minh, cho dudng loi chinh tri eua minh hay ket bd kd't phai lung doan dai hgc, phue vu eho quydn ldi ridng tU eua minh va phe nhdm ciia minh Lam nhU vay la vi pham tjnh than vd tu ciia tii tri dai hgc va ciing gieo mdm gidng roi loan cho tUdng lai, Tii tri dai hge la mgt bao dam can ban de mdi dai hge, mdi giao sU cd the thiic hien dudng hfldng giao due eua minh ma khong bi chi phcTi bdi nhflng anh hfldng phi dai hoc, phi giao due Tu tri dai hge khdng cd righia la mudn lam gi thi lam, tfl tri dai hgc la tinh than tfl lap, tfl giac giiap giao sfl day eho sinh vidn ti^ minh bid't suy tu, tim hilu, bidt phe phan va sang tao, bie't tii quyd't djnh ya chiu traeh nhidm nhflng quyd't dinh eua minh, khong y lai, khdng ngoan ngoan nhdm mat de ngudi khae quyd't dinh ddi sd'ng eiia minh" (6) Tfl hai quan diem trai chieu vd quydn tU tri dai hgc ndu tren cua mot ben la chinh quyen va mgt bdn la giao gidi trfle tidp quan ly dai hge, ed the tha'y, phia ehinh quyen viia muon giao quyen tfl tri cho dai hgc, vfla mud'n cd them quydn liic dd chi phdi manh me td chflc Chinh vi the ma Hid'n phap nam 1967, chfldng 3, didu da ndi dd'n quyen tfl tri dai hgc, song chinh quyen khdng ed mgt van ban cu the nao de giai thich ro quyen tfl tri dai hge bao gdm nhflng linh viic gi va pham vi tii tri ddn dau Trong dd lan song da'u tranh ehd'ng My, chong ehinh quydn Sai Gdn mdt dang cao d cae trfldng dai hgc vdi sfl tham gia ciia ca giao vidn va sinh vien Thflc td' da lam eho ehinh quydn Sai Gdn huge phai mang va'n dd tfl tri dai hgc giai thich theo hudng muo'n quan 1;^ chat hdn nfla vdi cac trfldng dai hgc Trong bai phat bieu nhan ki niem 10 nam lap Vidn dai hgc Da Lat, Tdng thd'ng Nguyin Van Thidu nhan manh va giai thich ro: Ti^ tri dai hge ehi eo nghia la eac dai hge ed quydn tfl tri ve mat to chflc, quan tri va vl giang hua'n hgc tap vidn dai hgc cua minh Va ba't luan trudng hdp nao, ba't luan ly le nao quyln tu tri dai hgc sd khdng the dUde dflng de giai thieh viec bidn cac trfldng dai hgc nhflng d'e dao chinh tri qudc gia Cdn ve gidi dai hge, cai ma hg mud'n chinh quydn thfla nhan quyen tfl tri la trao lai sfl quan tri dai hgc cho chinh ho va van hanh theo khudn khd luat phap qud'c gia Hay ndi mdt each cu the la cac trudng dai hgc phai dUde tii tri mgt each th^t sii trdn V& vgn de hy trj dai hge cac m^t hanh chinh, tai chinh va hgc vu The nhflng, day la v ^ de "phflc tap, td' nhi, khd khan d dSy la van de xkc dinh nhflng luat Id can ban chi phm nhflng td chfle mdi cua cde vi0n dai hge, eung nhfl va'n de minh dinh thda dang quyen ban va traeh nhidm cua hgi ddng quan tri, cua dng vidn trfldng, eua hdi ddng dai hge eua cac giao sfl va ke ca sinh vidn" (7) Ti^ tri ve tai chinh, cae trfldng dai hge ddi hdi chinh phu ca'p eho minh mgt khoan kinh phi tfldng dd'i de tra Ifldng eho can bd giang hua'n, mua sam trang thie't bi day hgc, xay dflng cd sd trudng hge Dae bidt la cac trfldng dai hge phai tfl minh quyet dinh thu chi dudi sfl giam sat cua Bg Tai ehinh ma khdng cin phai nha't nha't xin phep chinh phii Ngoai ra, "eac dai hgc eong lap nen cd them nhflng ngudn ldi tflc ngoai ngan sach qud'c gia, nhfl ed the tie'p nhan tnic tidp sfl tai trd cua cac cd quan, doan thd tfl nhan ciing nhfl ngoai nflde, tang thu hgc phi cua sinh vidn " (8) Ti^ tri v l hanh chinh la quyen tfl quan tri va quyen dd n i m tay hgi ddng giao sfl cua moi vidn dai hgc Khoa trfldng hay eae giam dd'c triie thugc vien khdng ndn coi nhU mdt cdng chflc chinh phu cii ra, ma cac ehfle danh phai hoi ddng giao sfl cii Tdm lai, edng tae tfl tri hanh chinh la cdng tac dac biet quan trgng ddi vdi cac vien dai hge Ne'u edng tae quan tri nam vao tay vidn trfldng va hdi ddng giao sfl vidn tiu vide van hanh toan bg h$ thdng vien dai hgc se trd ndn dl dang va trdi ehay "Chi nao cdng vide giao due d ctfp cao nha't cung nhfl d mdi ed sd eo dflde mdt si^ quan tri vflng chac va tid'n bd, Siy chflng ta mdi cd the tin dflde rang nen giao due cua ta da trfldng " (9) Ti^ tri dai hgc ve mat hge vu la tfl t u y i n sinh, tuyen chgn dgi ngu giang hua'n, chgn Ifla chfldng trinh day hgc va chfldng trinh khao cflu Trong cae ndi dung cua van de tfl hge vu thi van dd tuyen chgn ddi ngu giang hua'n la van de gay tranh luan gifla chinh quydn vdi gidi dai hge Theo gidi dai hge thi va'n de chgn Ifla dgi ngfl giang hua'n phai hg trfle tiep tuyen md vi khdng cd the hilu dflde trinh do, nang Ifle giang day cua mdt can bg giang hua'n bSng ehinh hdi ddng chuyen mdn bg mdn cua vidn dai hgc Vi thd', trfldc thu nhan mgt can bg giang huan thi vide d i u tidn la hgi ddng chuyen mdn bao gdm ban giao sfl eua trudng xem xet ky Ifldng ve ly lich khoa hgc, bang cap , sau dd kiem tra ve nang luc thflc tidn qua edng tac dflng Idp, sau dd ban giao sfl radi de trinh len chinh phu quyet dinh tuyen dung Ve quydn tfl lap ehUdng trinh giang day va thi cii, mdi dai hge ddu tfl xay dflng cho minh mdt chfldng trinh rieng va phai dap flng vdi nhu eau eua dia phUdng, nhu cau cua quoc gia Dai hgc ed quyen tuyin chgn sinh vien, dao tao va ca'p phat bang Cd mgt so' nganh ydu eau bat huge phai thi tuyen, nhflng cd mgt so' nganh chi ap dung phfldng thflc xet tuyen Sinh vien co quydn tfl Ifla chgn mon hgc cung nhfl chfldng trinh hge va ca vide Ifla chgn ngfldi day Thd' nhflng, tfl tri dai hgc khdng chi diing lai d nhflng ndi dung cd ve nhfl nghidng ve phfldng phap quan Iji ndu trdn, ma cai ehu ye'u de nd hudng de'n la tfl tfl tudng, tfl phat bieu, tfl tuyen bd' quan diem lap trfldng tfl tfldng eua minh Giao sfl co quyen theo tfl tfldng ridng cua minh, khdng Id thugc, khong bi mdt thd' Iflc chinh tri, tdn giao nao chi phoi Chang han nhu trfldng hdp Giao sfl Chau Long dem tai' lieu da'u tranh giai ca'p cgng san vao day tai Dai hge Van khoa Sai Gdn la mgt dien hinh (10) Tdm lai, che tfl tri dai hgc la mgt bflde Rghien eijru Licli sit s o J O j Q l i tid'n quan trgng ve van minh dai hgc ciia ndn eiia Giao sU Tdn Tha't Thidn: *^ai hge khdng giao due dai hge mien Nam Viet Nam lue bay phai la ndi tuydn truyen, dan ap, pha hoai, ^ gid Tuy nhien, hoan canh chid'n tranh va ba't cha'p luat phap va quydn ldi ehung eua xfl keo theo la sfl bat dn xa hgi da lam gidi chinh sd Dai hgc khdng phai la ndi chuyen de da'u quydn va gidi quan ly dai hgc khong tim dUde tranh chinh tri Dai hgc khong the thay the tid'ng ndi ehung ed ehe' tfl tri dai hgc chinh trfldng va qude hgi Dai hgc la ndi hgc d Trong di tim mgt cd chd' hdp ly cho che ca'p "dai", nghia la ca'p sang tao tfl tfldng tfl tri dai hgc d mien Nam Viet Nam thi da tinh thdn vd tu xay dflng de ddng gop phdn cac nha khoa hgc, gidi giao sU va ea he vao cdng cugc eai tie'n va canh tan xfl sd va thdng chfnh quyd'n ddu tam cha'p nh&n y kie'n xahgi" (11) CHU THICH (1) Trung tam Lifu trQ Quoc gia (TTLTQG) II; ph6ng De nhi cong hoa (DIICH); so 3549, (7) Phu Thu tuang VNCH; so 30473; tr, 20 (8) W T L s o 4 ; t r 45 (2), (3), TTLTQG H; phong DIICH; so 3549; tr 32 (4) Tran Quang DS; Tkp san nghien cilu hanh chinh, so'3-1971 (9), Phong v a n giao due dai hoc, Phat trien xa hpi, so nam 1972, tr 184 (10) TTLTQG II, Phong De nhi cong hoa; so 3548 (5) TTLTQG II; DIICH; so 3549; tr 37 (6) TTLTQG II; DNCH; so 3549 (11) T6n That Thien; "Van de tu tri" T a tuiifng, so 8, 1970, tr 137 HOC GIA HOAI\G XIJAIV UAN (Tie'p theo trang 3J) (19) Nguyin Trong Binh, Nguyin Linh va BiJi Viet Nghi: Bdng doi chieu Am Duang lich 2000 ndm vd nien bieu lich sii, Nxb Khoa hoc xa hoi, Uk Noi, 1976, (21) Nha tUdng Viet Nam: Lich the'ky XX, A 1237, Thu vien Vien Nghien cilu Han Nom (23) Le Thanh Lan: Ddi chieu lich Duang udi lich Am-Ducfng cua Viet Nam ud Trung Quoc 2030 with Vietnamese (25) P h a n Thuc Tnic: Quo'c sii di bien, Uy ban - Solar Calendar and Chinese Lumsolar (0001-2030) xua't ban, 1973 (26) Quoc sii q u a n t r i e u Nguyen' Dai Nam (22) Lich dai nien ky bdch triing kinh, ky hieu 2030 years 2003, tr 780-782 dich thuat phii quoc vu khanh dac traeh van hoa Nxb Pho thong, 1967 ndm (0001-2030) NhUng phdt hien mdi ue khdo co hgc ndm 2002 - mWi^'^m (0001-2030) mmmmmmm, Comparison calendar 2030 if- Nxb Giao due, Ha Noi, 2007, tam ngu! (tr 560) (24) Le Thanh Lan, TrSn Ngpc Dung: Gido sU Hodng Xuan Hdn noi ve lich Tdy S(Pi, cuon nhdt thong chi, t a p IV, Nxb Khoa hpc xa hoi Ha Noi, 1971, (27) Le Thanh Lan Lich hai the'ky (1802-2010) vd cdc lich vinh cihi, Nxb Thuan Hoa, Hue, 1985 (28) calendars Le Thanh Perpetual Lan: Vietnamese calendars branches Chronoacupuncture old-time of stems (Acupuncture and on the optimal time-interual) Seacom Edition, Berlin 2003 (29) Hoang Xuan Han: Ndm At Sdu cdm tinh trdu hai ddu? Bao Dodn Ke't (Paris), t h a n ? 9- ... Nha tUdng Viet Nam: Lich the''ky XX, A 1237, Thu vien Vien Nghien cilu Han Nom (23) Le Thanh Lan: Ddi chieu lich Duang udi lich Am-Ducfng cua Viet Nam ud Trung Quoc 2030 with Vietnamese (25) P... van minh dai hgc ciia ndn eiia Giao sU Tdn Tha''t Thidn: *^ai hge khdng giao due dai hge mien Nam Viet Nam lue bay phai la ndi tuydn truyen, dan ap, pha hoai, ^ gid Tuy nhien, hoan canh chid''n tranh... cd chd'' hdp ly cho che ca''p "dai", nghia la ca''p sang tao tfl tfldng tfl tri dai hgc d mien Nam Viet Nam thi da tinh thdn vd tu xay dflng de ddng gop phdn cac nha khoa hgc, gidi giao sU va ea