Đang tải... (xem toàn văn)
Tap chi Khoa hgc DHQGHN Luat hgc Tap 34, So 4 (2018) 62 74 Tap chi Khoa hoc Dai hoc Quoc gia Ha Noi Lu|t hoc Website ht^;//js vnu edu vn/LS Co che quan tri dai hoc tu chu va yeu cm hoan thien phap lua[.]
Tap chi Khoa hgc DHQGHN: Luat hgc Tap 34, So (2018) 62-74 Tap chi Khoa hoc Dai hoc Quoc gia Ha Noi: Lu|t hoc Website: ht^;//js.vnu.edu.vn/LS Co che quan tri dai hoc tu chu va yeu cm hoan thien phap luat tu chii dai hoc a Viet Nam Do Due Minh* Ban Thanh tra vd Phdp che Dgi hgc Quoc gia Hd Ndi, 144Xudn Thiiy, Cdu Gidy, HaNgi, VietNam Ngay nhan 14 thang 11 nam 2018 Chmh sua 15 thang 12 nam 2018; Chap nhan dang 24 thang 12 nam 2018 Tom tat: Bai via lam ro nhung vin &k ca ban vd ca chi quan tri dai hoc tgr chii, khai qudt tiSn ttinh the che hoa chiittrrongtir chii dai hpc va trign khai thirc hi§n ttr chu dai hoc dioi gian qua, phan tich nhiing han che, bat cap cua phapluat va iam ro nhu c'mi hoan thien phap luJit ve tu chii dai hgc, dap ung yeu cku d6i mai can ban, toan dien giao due dai hoc hien Tu- khoa: Ty chu dai hgc, D6i mai giao due dai hoc, Viet Nam Cff ehi quan tri daii hoc ty chii l.T Tu-chu dgi hoc (universily autonomy) Tir chii dai hpc (TCDH) la quyen tir cua trucmg dai hoc viec quyet dinh nhung cong viec cua chinh minh; tha hien kha nang chu dong viec xay dung va thuc hien chien lugc cua nha tnrong ma khong bi troi bupc boi nhirng quy dinh va quan li a cSp vT mo La kha nang toan di?n cua trirang dai hpc boat dpng theo each thuc lira chon dl dat dugc sij menh va muc tieu dugc dat ra, tir chu cung mang lai nhirng lgi the cho cac trirang dai hgc boi mot nguyen li co ban diing sau tu chti la cac co so giao due dai hpc (GDDH) se van hanh t6t bon •DT 84-24-37547016 Email' minhdd@vnu.edu.vn, https://doi org/10.25073/2588-n67/vnuls 4183 Quyen hr chu dai hgc dugc phan biet dang thiic [1]: 1) Tu chu thuc chdt hay bdn the (substantive autonomy) - la quy6n cua nha trurong dugc tu xac dinh cac muc tieu, chuong trinh cua minh de tra lai cau hoi day "cai gi"? va dieu dugc the hien a tuyen bo su m^ng cua nha truong (cac truang dai hgc co quyen tuyen bo su mang va cac muc tieu, each thiic di den muc tieu ma khong phu thupc vao bSt cu su can thiep nao tir cbinh phu va cac ca quan quan li)- Do chinh la tham quySn dSy dii cua hirang dai hgc loai hinh t6 chiic cua minh d6 dira cac quyit djnh chuomg trinh, muc tieu (cai hgc thuat) va van hanh nba truang 2) Tu- chii thu tuc (procedural autonomy) [2] - la quyen ciia nha truong dugc xac dinh cac bien phap thi hanh de theo du6i cac muctieuva chucmg brinh da vach (each hgc thuat) Do D.D Minh / Tgp chi Khoa hgc DHQGHN: Lugt hgc Tdp 34 So (2018) 62-74 chinh la tham quyen ciia truang dai hgc loai hinh to chiic cua minh de thuc hien cac quyet dinh san c6 (day hpc "nhu the nao") nhimg khong co quyen dua quyet dinh Hat nhan cua khai niem tu chii la van hoa quan li phdn cdp, phdn quyen (decentralization) ve trach nhiem cong viec va trdch nhiem gidi trinh (hay trach nhiem xa hgi - accountability) hgc thuat va tbirc hien cac chiic nang quan li "Truang dai hgc la mgt to chiic tu chu trai tim cua cac xa hgi"' Mgt truang dai hgc can phai la ca so giao due tu chu de thoa man nhu cau ciia the giai xung quanh no La dac tinh von CO, ban chat c6t loi cua giao due, tu chii dai hpc (TCDH) la dieu kien thi6t yeu de thuc bien cac phuong thiic quan tri dai hgc tien tien tao dpng luc de cac truang doi moi nham cai tien nang cao chat lugng dat bieu qua cao hem boat dpng, lam gia tang tinh canh tranh giira cac ca sa GDDH va da dang boa cac hoat dpng giao due Quyen tu chii mgt mat dam bao cho truang dai bgc dugc tu quyit dinh cac van dl ciia minh nhimg mat khac cung de cao trach nhiem xa hpi (TNXH) cua nha tnrong Xu huang chung doi mcfi GDDH tren the gicri hien la chuyen dich din tu mo hinh nba nuac kiem soat sang cac mo hinh co miic tu chu cao hon, tir mo hinh dai hpc nha nuac kiem soat sang mo hinh nha nuoc giam sat chat luang Viec tao moi truang cho phep cac truang tu quyet va chiu trach nhiem dugc nhieu chinh phu lira ehgn nhu la giai phap de iing truac siic ep tai chinh va su thay doi nhanh cua nen kinh te Vai tro manh me truyen thong cua nha nuac dirge nhan thiic lai, thay vi kiem soat chi tiet nha nuoc c6 the tang cucmg giam sat va can thiep than trgng quan li cac trutmg, Khuynh huang ciing lam giam gia tri truyen thong ciia m6i quan be nha nucrc va truong dai hgc Tbeo do, viec tang quyen luc a cSp tmcmg dai hgc cOng dong ngbia vol giara hot quyen lire ciia co quan quan li Nha nuoc (nhu Bp GD&DT), ' Trong diln ngon GDDH cua cac nudc phucmg Tay, lg chu la mpt khai mem rSt quan trgng va duoc xem la mot gia In can ban cua mpt tnrong dai hoc, nhir da dupc tai khang dinh Tuyen b6 Magna Charta Universitatum tai Bolo^ia 1988 1.2 Cdc thdnh td cua tu chd dgi hgc Tir chu dai hpc (TCDH) dugc hilu la su chu dgng quan li ciia to chiic trucmg dai hgc mang tinh phap li ve cac mat sau day: • Tif chil hgc thudt (academic freedom): la sir tu ciia ca so GDDH viec quyet dinh nhiing van de thupc ve hpc thuat nhu: nganh hgc va chuong trinh dao tao, tai lieu giang day, cac tieu chuan hgc thuat va chat lugng, phuang phap su pham, so lugng va phuong thiic tuyIn sinh, kT thuat danh gia ket qua hgc tap cua sinh vien; quyen cua trutmg dugc tu lua ehgn thiy giao,., phuong dien ca nhan, tu hgc thuat la quyen dugc tu lua cbgn noi dung giang day, tbeo di' ii tri thiic va cong bo cac ket qua nghien ciiu cua giang vien va sinh vien ma khong bi can thiep vo li hay bj gicri ban bai luat phap, cac quy djnh ciia CO so giao due bay ap luc cua cong chung; la quyen cua giao chiic dai hgc "khong bi rang bugc bai bat ki giao li dinh san nao, ve tu giang day va thao luan, tu tien banh nghien ciiu, bien va xuat ban ket qua nghien ciiu, tu bay to y kien ciia minh ve to chiic hoac he thong hg lam viec, tir thoat khoi kiem duyet ciia nha truang va tham gia cac to chiic nghe nghiep hay cac ca quan dai dien hgc thuat" [3] Viec nghien ciru va giang day cSn phai dgc lap ve mat dao diic, tri tue doi vai cac quyen lire chinh tri va siic manh kinh te Ve ban chat, tu hpc thuat la sir chii dgng hoat dgng dao tao va NCKH cua nba truang tren ca so tir tri ve quan li ma cot loi la toan quyen tu quyet viec lira ehgn chuang trinh giang day, nghien ciiu va bo nhiem nhan su theo hucmg tu hgc thuat cua nha truong La gia tri cot loi cita dai hgc, tu hpc thuat (tu nghien cuu va tu giang day) tro tinh than xuyen suot cua mpi boat dpng ciia tru'ong dai bgc Tir tinh than hr hpc thuat, truang dai hgc tra thanb noi khai pha, raoi duang, truyen ba va xien duong tri thicc; cung khong cbi la mpt trung tam tri tbiic ma la mpt trung tam van hoa Trong thai dai kmh tl tri thiic_ cua the ky XXI, truang dai hpc tro co may then cb6t cua xa hoi tri thirc thi tu £1D Mmh / Tgp chi Khoa hoc DHQGHN: Ludt hoc Tdp 34 So (2018) 62-74 hpc thuat cang quan trpng va y nghTa doi vdi hieu qua hoat dong cua nha tnrong cung nhu de tao nen mot xa hpi dan sir lanh manh va phat tnen doi song tri thuc - Tu- chu ve td chdc vd qudn li hay tu cbii quan tri (organizational autonomy): la sy tu ciia CO so dao tao viec sap xep va to chirc cac su kien, cac raoi quan he lien quan den lap ke hoach, to chirc va dieu phoi de thiic day su nang dpng, phat trien ciia timg ca nhan va sir virng manh ciia ca so GDDH Cac trudng dai hpc can duoc tu quyet dinh va cbu dong xay dung CO cau to chuc, phan cbia, lap cac dan vi true thupc, tuyen dung, bo nhiem, dai ngo nhan tai hoac xay dung chien luac phat trien co tam nhin va dinh huang ro rang Ve ban chat, la su cbii dgng ve cac each tbiic quan li nguon luc ben ciia nha truong nham muc tieu phat trien, - Tu- chii ve tai chinh (financial autonomy): la sir tu ciia co sa dao tao sir dung cac nguon luc tai chinh theo chien lugc uu tien lira chpn, bao gom cac van de tai chinh nhu: phan bo kinh phi, cung cap tai chinh tu nguyen, van hanh tai chinh va trach nhiem giai trinh "Dinh nghia sie dung duac ve tif chii dai hgc Id su khdng phu thudc vdo mdt ngudn hd tra nhdt vd chat hep ndo cd"' Ve ban chat, la su chu dpng ve viec dam bao cac nguon lire ben phuc vLi cac boat dgng dao tao va NCKH cua tnrong Co so cung cap tai chinh da dang va tham quyin sir dung, tao nguon thu, quyen quyet djnh dpc lap ve su dung ngan sach dugc nha nuac cap ciing nhu quyen dugc tao quy tir nhiing nguon khac dugc xem la nhiing van dl cot loi cua tu chii tai cbinb Cac truong dai hgc can dugc tu quyet dinh va chii dpng khai thac, tim kiem cac nguon tai chinh; each thiic sii dung cac nguon tai chinh va tai san hien co, dku tu cbo tai san tuong lai va can d6i thu - chi nham dam bao he thing lai chinh minh bach, tuan thu phap luat va khong vu Igi _ "Trong boi canh mo hinh dai hpc truyin thong dang tra nen 16i thai va dang duoc thay the bang mo hinh dai hpc mai, ngudn lire ' Dinh nghta ciia Babbidge va Rosenweig nam 1962 dau tu ciia Nba nuoc cho giao due han hep, vi8c trao quyen tir cbu day du cbo cac trutmg dai bpc la bien phap hiJu hieu nhat de phat tri^n GDDH" Do su chia se ngan quy cong cho GDDH dang giam siit va nha nuoc dang doi hoi GDDH phai ldm nhiiu hon v&i chi phi thdp hffn cho nen viec da dang hoa nguon thu se ma rpng mirc dp tu chu ciia nha trucmg Sir da dang ciia co sa ngan quy la dieu cot yeu d8 tao nhung thay doi mang tinh he thong Mgt nguon tai chinh da dang la mgt phan cua TCDH va sir ma rpng co sa tai chinh, TCDH tra nen rgng hon, Tren quan diem he thong, sir chii dpng cua cac truang dai hpc ve cac phuong dien hpc thuat (chuyen mon), tai chinh va to cbiic quan li la khong the tach rai nham trao quyen "tir chu toan dien" cho cac co so GDDH^, Vai nhimg chil dpng tren, cac trutmg dai hpc vua dat duac muc tieu phat trien ben viing lau dai vira thiic day su canh tranh nang dpng va lanh manh nham nang cao sir dong gop ciia he thong GDDH vai su phat trien ciia quoc gia 1.3 Tu chu dgi hgc - xu the tdt yeu cua gido due dgi hgc Tu chii dai hpc la yen can hang dan qua trinh doi mai GDDH tren toan the gioi hi?n nay, dugc khang dinh nhumgt cong cu quan trong viec tao nguon luc de phuc vu cac boat dgng can thiet ciia mgt tnrcmg dai hpc va lam tron sii menh ciia no doi vai xa hpi, Tren thirc tl, sau klii gia nhap WTO (11/01/2007), Viet Nam da tham gia vao qua trinh toan cau boa co ca giao due, nghia la GDDH Viet Nam ciing "bugc phai boat dpng mot moi truang canh tranh tren mpi phuong dien" He thing GDDH Viet Nam dugc tri r^l lau CO che quan H toan dien can dugc chuyen sang ca che quan li mai, binh dang va rd rang hon Tuy nhien, ket qua cua each lam cu ro rang Bai le: cac noi dung cua ttr chii lien quan chat che voi nhau, neu khong c6 dupc quyen tu chii mat iM quyen tu chu a cac mat khac khong the phat huy day du dupc, Nhu' diroc giao tgr chii ve tai chinh thi cln dutjc giao quyen chii dpng tuyen sinh, xay dyng miic thu hpc phi va cac khoan thu,., D D Mmh / Tap chi Khoa hgc DHQGHN Ludi hoc Tdp 34 So (2018) 62-74 la chua dugc nhu mong muon cua xa hgi, dac biet la nhu cku hgc dai hgc da tro dai chiing Khong ngoai quy luat phat nien, he thong cac trudng dai hpe cang da d?ng vl so hiru va gia tang nhanh chong ve so lugng thi each thirc quan li theo co che bao cap da khong phii hgp va neu khong thirc hien TCDH theo Ip trinh thi GDDH Viet Nam khong the hoan dugc sir menh ciia minh Vai tro cua quan li nha nuac can duge tach bach tir vai tro quan li vi mo sang quan li vT mo mang tinb dinh huong va dieu phoi Tir thuc te nay, Viet Nam can co mot eugc each mang GDDH va ehan giao due la menh lenh eugc song Doi mai GDDH la yeu cau hire thiet va tu ehu ehinh la giai phap chien lugc eho GDDH; cac trirang dai hge (truoe bet la eac truong eong lap) can phai ehuyen doi nhanh chong sang co che tu ehu va chju TNXH, Vi vay, nhihig nam dau ciia the ky XX ciing voi su xuat hien khai niem tir ehu, tu chiu trach nhiem da thu biit su quan tam va tranh luan ciia xa hpi, nganh giao due da buoc vao cong cuoc doi m6i mang tinh buoc ngoat va dot pha ve ea chi quan li GDDH, D6ng thai, qua trinh doi moi (cai each) theo huong trao quyen tu ehii cho cac trudng dai hgc cung huang tdi xay dung va hoan thien he thong phap luat ranh mach, thong nhat, binh dang va trien khai cac chinh sach ho trg phii hop, nhat quan cho cac loai hinh trudng tham gia eung cap san pham, dich vu GDDH mgt each thuan lgi va chii dpng Tien trinh xay dirng phap luat ty chu dai hgc ff Viet Nam Tir phuong dien phap li, TCDH dugc xem la kha nang hanh dgng chii dgng mang tinh pbap li vl cae mat hpe thuat, tai chinh, to chiie va nhan sir eiia to chire trudng dai bpc; la phuang thiic quan trj dai hpc tien tien nham cai tiln, nang cao ehat lugng dao tao, da dugc khSng dinh la mgt cong cu quan trpng n-ong viee tao nguon lire dl giiip eac trudng thuc hien tot sii menh ciia minh doi vdi xa hpi Thuc hien CO cbl quan tri tir chii ciing la mgt yen eau bang dau qua trinh dli mai GDDH Viet Nam hien nham dap irng yeu eau dao tao nguon nhan luc trinh cao tbdi ki day manh cong nghiep hoa, hien dai boa va hpi nhap quoc te Trong thap ky qua, cac tnrdng dai hgc Viet Nam timg budc dugc trao quyen tu chii, dugc the hien qua cac dao luat giao due va van ban phap quy cua Nha nudc, nhu: 2.1 Quyen ttf chu qua Ludt Gido duc vd cdc vdn bdn phdp quy cda Nhd nu&c Thuc hien chu truong doi mdi GDDH, Luat Giao due, Dieu le nha tnrdng va nhieu van ban quy pbam phap luat (VBQPPL) dugc ban hanh nliam trao quyen tir chii, tu chiu trach nhiem eho cae don vi sir nghiep dao tao eong lap Cu till la: - Lugt Gido due ndm 1998 (Luat so 11/1998/QHlO) danh ddu su chuyen bien tich cue nhan thiic cua cac cap quan li ve TCDH bang sir ghi nhan quyen tu chii va tu chiu trach nhiem cua trudng cao dang, trudng dai bpc vdi eae npi dung: 1) Xay dung chuong trinh, giao trinh, ke hoach giang day, hgc tap doi vai cac nganh nghe dugc phep dao tao; 2) To ehiie tuyen sinh theo chi tieu ciia Bg Giao due va Dao tao, to chiie qua trinh dao tao, cong nhan tot nghiep va cap van bang theo tham quyen; 3) To chiie bp may nha trudng; 4) Huy dgng, quan li, sir dung cac nguon lire nham thuc hien mue tieu giao due; 5) Hgp tac vdi cac to chiic kinb te, giao due, van boa, the due, the thao, y te, nghien ciiu khoa hgc (NCKH) nude va nude ngoai theo quy dinh cua Chinh pbii (Dieu 55) Nhirng quyen tbugc nhom quyen co tinh khung ve hgc thuat, to chiic va nhan su, nguon lire vat ehat va ve hgp tac - Nghi dinh sd 31-CP vd Nghi dinh sd 32CP ngdy 4/4/1994 ciia Chinh phii vl viec lap lap Dai hgc Thai Nguyen va Dai hpc Da Nang khong ghi nhan quyin hr ehu nao Nhu vay, quyen tu ehii ciia dai bpe vimg duac xac DD Mmh / Tap chi Khoa hgc DHQGHN: Ludt hoc Tap 34 So (2018) 62-74 bpc thuat eang quan hpng va y nghia doi vdi hieu qua hoat dpng ciia nha trudng ciing nhu de tao nen mpt xa hpi dan sir lanh manh va phat trien ddi song tri thuc - Tu chu ve to chare vd qudn li hay tu chu quan tn (organizational autonomy): la su tu cua CO sd dao tao viec sap xep va to chirc cac sir kien, cac moi quan he lien quan den lap ke hoach, to chirc va dieu phoi de thiic day su nang dpng, phat trien ciia timg ea nhan va sir vUng manh cua co sd GDDH Cac trudng dai hgc can duoc tu quyet dinb va chu dgng xay dung CO cau to ebiie, phan chia, lap cae don vi true thuoc, tuyen dung, bo nhiem, dai ngo nhan tai hoac xay dung ehien lugc phat trien co tam nhin va dinh hudng ro rang Ve ban chat, ia sir chu dpng ve cac each thirc quan li nguon luc ben ciia nha trudng nham muc tieu phat trien - Tir chii vi tdi chinh (financial autonomy): la sir tu ciia co sd dao tao sir dung cae nguon lire tai chinh theo chien luge uu tien lira ehgn, bao gom cac van de tai cbinh nhu: phan bo kinh phi, cung cap tai chinh tu nguyen, van hanh tai chinh va traeh nhiem giai trinh "Dinh nghia su dung dug-c vi tu chu dgi hoc Id su khdng phu thudc vdo mdt ngudn hd trg nhdt vd chdt hep ndo cd"~ Ve ban chat, la sir chii dgng ve viec dam bao cac nguon luc ben phuc vu cac boat dpng dao tao va NCKH eua trudng Ca sd cung cap tai chinh da dang va tham quyen sii' dung, tao nguon thu, quyen quyet dinh dgc lap ve sii dung ngan sach duge nha nudc cap cung nhu quyen duoc tao quy tir nhihig nguIn khac dugc xem la nhirng van dl cot loi eiia tu chii tai ehinh Cac tnrdng dai bgc ciin dugc hr quyit dinh va chu dpng khai thae, tim kiem eac nguon tai ehinh; each thire sii dung eae nguon tai ehinh va tai san hien co, diu tu cho tai san tuong lai va can doi thu - chi nham dam bao he thong tai chinh mmh bach, tuan thii phap luat va khong vu lgi "Trong boi canh mo hinh dai hpe truyin thong dang trd nen I6i thdi va dang duge thay the bang mo binh dai hge mdi, ngudn lire Dinh nghTa ciia Babbidge va Rosenweig nam 1962 dau tu cua Nha nudc cho giao due ban hep, viec trao quyen tir chu day dii eho eac trudng dgi hpe la bien phap hiru hieu nhat dl phat triin GDDH" Do su chia se ngan quy eong cho GDDH dang giam siit va nha nude dang doi hoi GDDH phai ldm nhieu hon v&i chi phi thdp hffn cho nen viec da dang hda nguon thu se md rpng mirc tu chu ciia nba trudng Su da dang ciia co sd ngan quy la dieu cot yeu de tao nhirng thay doi mang tinb he thing Mgt nguon tai chinh da dang la mot phan ciia TCDH va su md rgng co sd tai ehinh, TCDH trd nen rgng hon Tren quan diem he thong, su chu dgng ciia cac trudng dai hgc ve cac phuang dien hpc thuat (chuyen mon), tai chinh va to chiic quan Ii la khong the tach rdi nham trao quyin "tu chii toan dien" cho cac ca sd GDDH', Vdi nhimg chii dgng tren, cac trudng dai hpc vira dat dirge muc tieu phat trien ben viing lau dai vja thiic day su canh tranh nang dpng va lanh manh nham nang cao su dong gop cua hS thing GDDH vdi su phat trien cua quoc gia 1.3 Tu chu dgi hoc - xu thi tdt yeu ciia gido due dgi hgc Tu chii dai hgc la yeu cau hang dau qua trinh doi mdi GDDH tren toan the gidi hien nay, duge khang dinh nhirmot cong cu quan trgng viee tao nguon lire de phuc vu cSc hoat dpng can thiet ciia mgt trudng dai hpc va lam iron sii menh ciia no doi vdi xa bgi Tren thuc tl, sau gia nhap WTO (11/01/2007), Viet Nam da tham gia vao qua trinh toan cau boa eo ca giao due, nghia la GDDH Viet Nam ciing "bugc phai boat dgng mgt moi trudng canh tranh tren mpi phuong dien" He thdng GDDH Viet Nam dugc tri r§t lau CO che quan li toan dien can dugc ehuyea sang CO che quan li mdi, binb dang va ro rang hon Tuy nhien, kit qua cua each lam cu ro rang B&t le: cac noi dung ciia Hr chii hen quan chat che vol nhau, neu khong co duoc quyen t^r chii m^t lii quy^n tu chii cac mat khac khong thd phat huy dliy dii dupc, Nhw duoc giao ty chii ve tai chinh ihi can &W giao quyen chii dong tuyIn sinh, xay dimg miic fliu hpc phi va cac khoan thu.,,, D D Minh / Tap chi Khoa hgc DHQGHN: Ludt hgc Tdp 34 So (2018) 62-74 la chua dugc nhu mong muon ciia xa hgi, dac biet la nhu cau hgc dai hpc da trd dai chung Khong ngoai quy luat phat trien, he thong cac trudng dai hpc cang da dang ve sd hiiu va gia tang nhanh chong ve so lugng thi each thiie quan li theo co che bao cap da khong eon phii hgp va neu khong thue hien TCDH theo lg trinh thi GDDH Viet Nam khong the hoan duge sir menh eua minh Vai trd ciia quan li nha nudc can dugc tach bach tir vai tro quan li vi mo sang quan li vT mo mang tinh dinh hudng va dieu phoi, Tir thuc te nay, Viet Nam can c6 mpt cupe each mang GDDH va chan giao due la menh lenh cupc s6ng, Doi mdi GDDH la yeu cau bite thiet va tu chii cbinh la giai phap chien lugc cho GDDH; cac trudng dai hoc (trude bet la cac trudng cong lap) can phai chuyen doi nhanh chong sang ca chi tu chu va chiu TNXH Vi vay, nhiing nam dSu cua thi ky XX cimg vdi su xudt bien khai mem tu chu, tir chiu traeh nhiem da thu hiit su quan tam va tranh luSn eua xa bgi, nganh giao due da budc vao cong cuoc doi mdi mang tinh budc ngoat va dot pha vl co che quan li GDDH Dong thai, qua trinh doi mdi (eai each) theo hudng trao quyen tu chii cho cac trudng dai bpc eung budng tdi xay dimg va hoan thien he tbong pbap luat ranh mach, thong nhat, binb dang va trien khai cac cbinh saeh ho trg phii hgp, nhat quan cho cae loai hinh trudng tham gia cung cap san pbam, djch vu GDDH mpt each thuan loi va chu dgng Tien trinh xay diing phap luat tu chu dai hoc ff Viet Nam Tir phuang dien phap li, TCDH dugc xem la kha nang hanh dpng ehii dpng mang tinh phap li vl eac mat hgc thuat, tai cbinb, to chiic va nhan sir eiia to chiic trudng dai hgc; la phuang thire quan tri dai hge tien tien nham cai tien, nang cao chat lugng dao tao, da dugc khang dinh la mgt cong eu quan trgng viec tao ngudn luc de giiip cac trudng thuc hien tit sii menh eiia minh doi vdi xa hgi Tbirc hien CO che quan tri tu chii cung la mgt yeu cau hang diu qua trinh dli mdi GDDH Viet Nam hien nham dap iitig yeu cau dao tao nguon nhan lire trinh cao thdi ki day manh cong nghiep boa, bien dai hda va hpi nhap quoc te Trong thap ky qua, cac trudng dai hgc Viet Nam timg budc dugc trao quyen tu chu, dugc the hien qua cac dao luat giao due va van ban phap quy eua Nha nudc, nhu: 2.1 Quyin tu chit qua Lugt Gido due vd cdc vdn bdn phdp quy cua Nhd nu&c Thue hien ehii truong doi mdi GDDH, Luat Giao due, Dieu le nha trudng va nhieu van ban quy pham phap luat (VBQPPL) dugc ban hanh nham trao quyen tu chu, tu chiu trach nhiem cho eac don vi sir nghiep dao tao cong lap Cu thi la: Lugt Gido due ndm 1998 (Luat so n/1998/QHlO) danh diu sir chuyin biln tieh cue nhan thiic ciia eae cap quan H ve TCDH bang su ghi nhan quyen tu cbii va tu chiu traeh nhiem eua trudng cao dang, trudng dai hgc vdi eae ngi dung: 1) Xay dung chuang trinh, giao trinh, kl hoach giang day, hgc tap doi vdi cae nganh nghe dugc phep dao tao; 2) To chiie tuyen sinh theo chi tieu cua Bg Giao due va Dao tao, to chiic qua trinh dao tao, cong nhan tot nghiep va cap van bang theo tham quyen; 3) To cbiic bp may nha trudng; 4) Huy dpng, quan li, sir dung cac nguon lire nham thue hien mue tieu giao due; 5) Hgp tac vdi eae to chiic kinh te, giao duc, van boa, the due, the thao, y te, nghien ciiu khoa hgc (NCKH) nude va nudc ngoai theo quy dinh ciia Cbinh phu (Dieu 55) Nhirng quyen thupc nhom quyen c6 tinh khung ve hpc thuat, td ehiie va nhan su, nguon lire vat chat va ve hop tac - Nghi dinh sd 31-CP vd Nghi dinh sd 32CP ngdy 4/4/1994 cua Cbinh phu ve viec lap lap Dai hpc Thai Nguyen va Dai bpc Da Nang khong gbi nhan quyen tu chu nao Nhu vay, quyen hr chii cua dai hgc viing dugc xac D D Mmh / Tgp chi Khoa hoc DHQGHN: Ludt hoc Tgp 34 So (2018) 62-74 lap chung vdi loai hinh trudng dai hgc theo Dieu 1? Trudng dai bgc - Diiu le tru&ng dai hgc ban banh tbeo Quylf dinh si 153/2003/QD-TTg, 30/7/2003 ciia Thu hrdng Chinh phu neu ro: "Trudng dai hpc dugc quyen tu chu va hr ehiu trach nhiem theo quy dinh cua phap luat va Dilu le trudng dai hpc ve quy hoach, ke hoaeh phat triin nha nude, to ehiic boat dpng dao tao, KH&CN, tai cbinh, quan he quIc tl, to chiie va nhan su" (Dilu 10) Dilu le quy dinh nhom quyin hr chu ddi vdi loai hinh tnrdng trudng dai hge, gom: I) hoach djnh phat triin; 2) xay dung chuong trinh, giao trinh, ke hoach dao tao, tuyen sinh, to chiic dao tao, cong nhan tot nghiep, in an va cap bang; 3) huy dgng, quan li, su dung cac nguon luc, hgp tac va lien ket nang eao chat lugng va su phii hop; 4) dang ky tham gia tuyen ehgn, thuc hien nhiem vu va ky ket hgp dong khoa hpc cdng nghe; 5) hgp tac, lien doanh, nhan tai trg, gop von, sir dung nguon tbu ngoai ngan sach; 6) nhSn dat, thue dat, vay von; va 7) to chiie bg may nha trudng - Lugt Gido due ndm 2005 (Luat so 38/2005/QHl 1) xac lap quyin hr chu va TNXH cua CO sd GDDH, gbi nhan quyen tu ehii eiia trudng dai hpc vdi ngi dung tutmg tu quan niem eua eac nudc phat trien, the hien tap trung d nhiing quy dinh ve thirc hien phan eong, phan cap quan li giao due, tang cudng quyen tu ehii, tu chiu trach nhiem ciia co sd giao due; khang dinh "Nba nudc se tang cudng quyen tu ehii, tir chiu trach nhiem cua ca sd giao due" (Dieu 14) va quyen tu ehu va tu chiu trach nhiem ciia trudng trung cap, trudng cao dang, trudng dai hpe (Dilu 60)" Dilu 60 (Luat Giao due 2005) quy dinh: "Truong trung cap, mitmg cao dang, tmong dai hpc duoc quyin tt; chu va tu chiu trach nhi?m theo quy dinh cua phap luat va theo Dieu le nha tnrong ttong cac hoat dong: 1) Xay dung chuong tt-inh, giao ttnnh, kl hoach giang day, hpc tap d6i voi cac nganh nghe dupc ph^p dao tao; 2) Xay dung chi lieu myen sinh to chiic myen sinh, to chiic qua ttinh dao tgo, cong nhan tot nghiep va cAp van bang; 3) To churc bp may nha truong; myen dung, quan li, s i dung, diii ngp nha giao, can bo, nhan vien, 4) Huy dpng, quan li, su dung cac nguon luc; 5) Hop tac voi cac to chirc kinh tl, giao duc Nghi quyet sd 14/2005/NQ-CP ngdy 02/11/2005 cua Chinh phu ve doi mdi co ban va toan dien GDDH Viet Nam giai doan 2006 2020 eiing khang dinb tam quan trpng ciia viec hoan thien ehinh sach phat trien GDDH theo hudng bao dam quyen tu chu va trach TNXH eiia eo sd GDDH, quan li cua Nha nudc va vai tro giam sat cua xa hgi doi vdi GDDH, Doi moi CO cbe quan li can chuyen cac ea sd GDDH cong lap sang boat dpng theo ca ehe tu chu, co phap nhan day dii, co quyen quyet dinh va chiu traeh nhiem ve dao tao, nghien eiiu, to chiic, nhan su va tai chinh; xoa bd co cbe bg chu quan, xay dung co che dai di$n sd hixu nha nudc doi vdi cac ca sd GDDH eong lap Nghi dinh 43/2006/ND-CP 25/4/2006^ cua Chinh phu quy dinh quyin tir chu, tu chiu trach nhiem ve thuc bien nhi?mvv, to chuc bg may, bien ehe va t^i chinh doi voi don vi su nghiep cong lap Nghi dinh dugc ban hanh nham tao dieu kien eho eae don vi sir nghiep cong lap noi chung, ea sd GDDH cong lap noi rieng vugt qua nbung thach thiic thuc hien co che tu chu, tbiic day phat trien su nghiep GDDH, nang eao chat lugng dich vu, cho phep cac don vi su nghiep dao tao cong lap tim kilm bien phap md rpng boat dpng dich vi^, tang nguIn thu, chi tieu tiet kiem de hoan tot nhiem vu dugc giao Tren co sd cho phep huy dgng su dong gop va tham gia tieh cue ciia cgng dong xa hgi cho phat trien GDDH, tang nguIn thu su nghiep va tang thu nhap cbo cong chiic, vien chiic ciing nhu tang cudng tinh coog khai minh bach, dan chu eac quyet dinh va boat dgng cua nha tnrdng, Nghi dinh gop phan nang cao tinh chu dgng, sang tao cac trudng dai hpe cdng lap - Quyit dinh 121/2007/QB-TTg linilOQl ciia Thu tudng Chinh pbii phe duyet mang ludi cac tnrdng dai hge va cao dang giai doan 2006 - 2020, co xae dinh cac tnrdng trgng diem (14 tnrdng) Quyen tu chu van hoa, the due, the thao, y te, NCKH ttong nuoc va nuoc ngoai iheo quy dinh ciia Chinh phii" ^ Nghi djnh dupc hinh va khen nguIn tir Nghj dinh 10/2002/ND-CP 16/01/2002 vl viec Uiuc hien tlii diem che dp tai chinh ap dung cho don vi sir nghiep co thu D D Minh / Tap chi Khoa hgc DHQGHN: Ludt hoc Tap 34 Sd (2018) 62-74 Ciia trudng trgng diem dugc trao theo phuang thiic dac biet, mang tinh cue bg va ca biet ma theo tni tinh la de thuc hien vai tro dau dan h-ong he thong GDDH, la tl chiic khoa bpc cong nghe manh cung nhu eo du nang luc tiep nhan va sii dung bieu qua von dau tu tap trung Vi?e tang cudng quyin tu chu nh^m tao thuan lgi cho cae trudng thuc hien ehinh sach uu tien ciia Chinh phii - Thdng tu liin tich 07/2009/TTLT-BGDBTBNV cita Bd GD