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OAOTAO BdlDl/dNG /// VAN DE Tir CHU DAI HOC 6 VIET NAM HIEN NAY QUAN N I E M VA DINH HU^ONG Vu Thi Cam Tu * Tom tdt Cung nhu nhiiu qudc gia, con dudng thuc hien tu chu cua cdc trudng dgi hpc (TDH) chu[.]
OAOTAO-BdlDl/dNG /// VAN DE Tir CHU DAI HOC VIET NAM HIEN NAY: QUAN N I E M V A D I N H HU^ONG Vu Thi Cam Tu * Tom tdt: Cung nhu nhiiu qudc gia, dudng thuc hien tu chu cua cdc trudng dgi hpc (TDH) chuyin tu md hinh qudn tri nhd trudng tudn thu vd quyen uy sang nhd trudng tu chu vd ddn chu la mpt qud trinh nhpc nhdn vd khdng it thdt bgi Bdi viet lam ro nhimg vdn di tu chu dgi hpc (TCDH) d Viet Nam Men nayvd di xudt quan niem vddinh hudng thdi gian tdi Tir khda: tu chu dgi hpc; Viet Nam Abstract: Like many countries, the autonomy of universities from the school model of compliance and authority to autonomy and democracy is a difficult process with many failures The article clarifies the issues of university autonomy in Vietnam today and proposes concepts and orientations in the future Keywords: university autonomy; Vietnam Ngdy nhdn bdi: 28/9/2018 Ngdy sira bdi: OH0/2018 I Quan niem va muc tieu ciia tu chu dai hpc Ll Tuchu dgi hpc Khai niem tu chu (autonomy) da cd tir thdi Aristole (384-322 TCN) vdi nhan thitc TDH se phat ttien tdt hon neu ed dupe ty chu day du, Vi$t Nam, bdn vl khai niem tu chii (autonomy) den thdi diem hien tai khdng cdn xa la ddi vdi cac co sd giao due ndi chung, giao dye dai hpc (GDDH) ndi rieng vd dupe nhieu nhd khoa hpc, nha quan ly quan tam nghien cuu Theo Hiep hdi Qudc tl edc TDH (lAU, 1998) thi "tu chu ciia nha trudng cd thi dupe djnh nghia nhu la mot mire dp ddc lap cdn * ThS Trudng Dai hpc Npi vu Hd Npi 38 I Tao chi Khna hnr Nni Ngdy duy?tddng: 03/12/2018 thiet khdi cdc dnh hudng ben ngodi md TDH can cd ve td chirc va quan tri ndi bd, phan bd cdc ngudn lyc tai chinh vd tao thu nhdp tir cac ngudn khdng phdi nha nude, tuyen dung can bd, xdc lap cdc dieu kien hpc tap vd cuoi ciing la quyen ty tien hanh edng tdc giang day va nghien ciru" Ty chil td chiic Id dieu kien eho phep mdt TDH ty qudn md khdng cd sy can thiep tii ben ngoai Dd la quan diem cua Tac gid Groof, Neave, Svec(1998)[3] Khdi niem TCDH cd thi dupe djnh nghTa la sy dpc lap d mire cin thiet ddi vdi cdc tdc nhdn can thiep tir ben ngodi ma nhd trudng cdn cd de cd the thyc hien dupe viec quan trj VX va td chiic npi bp Vi du, tgo vd su dyng cde ngudn tai chinh ngodi ngan sach cdng, tuyen dung nhan su, xdy dyng cac tieu chudn cho hpc tap, ddo tao va nghien ciiu, la quyen ty ttong viec td chirc thyc hi?n nghien ciiu va giang day" [2] Tu mdt sd khdi niem ciia nha nghien ciiu bdn ve ty chu, each tiep can ttong nghien ciru nay: TCDH Id khd ndng hanh ddng chu ddng mang tinh phap Iy ve cdc ITnh vyc cua td chirc nha trudng, la didu kien can de giiip cdc trudng thyc hien tdt sii mang ddo tgo, nghien ciiu khoa hpc nham cung cap ngudn nhdn luc cho xa hdi Nd cd tinh tuong ddi vd chiu dnh hudng bdi chien lupc dieu khien he thdng GDDH cua nha nude va co ehl qudn ly, ndng lyc hogt ddng ciia bdn than TDH Nhu vay, quyen TCDH da bao ham cd ttach nhiem xa hdi (TNXH) ttong khudn khd dia vi phap Iy ciia trudng xac lap 1.2 Trach nhiem xd hpi Hien nay, thuat ngu "ty chju ttach nhiem" dang dupe sir dung mdt sd van bdn phap quy ciia Viet Nam Song, d goc dp nghien ciiu cd nhilu tac gid vdi he thdng bdi viet nghien ciiu ve ty chu GDDH, cd ban ve thudt ngu "ty chju trach nhiem" nhieu quan diem deu ddng nhit rang n8n sir dyng thuat ngu "TNXH" dl tuong quan vdi quyen tu chu vd trdeh nhiem ciia chii thi nha ttudng trudc mpi hoat ddng vdi cdc ben su dyng djch vu Theo quan diem cua tdc gid Ngd Doan Dai [1], cung vdi quyen ty chu, nen dua vao Ludt Gido dye hay cdc van bdn phap ludt khdc khdi niem "ttdch nhiem" hay "ttdch nhiem bao cdo, giai trinh" chii khdng phdi Id ty chju ttach nhiem cua TDH Dieu quan ttpng khdng phai la quyln ty chju ttach nhiem, ma dd Id DAOTAO-BdiDl/dNG "ttach nhiem" ciia TDH vdi ngudi hpc vd xa hdi Ddy la trdeh nhiem dao tao, nghien ciiu khoa hpc va phuc vu xa hdi, ddm bdo xiing ddng vdi su dau tu, quan tam ciia Dang vd Nhd nude, su ddng gdp cua nhdn ddn va phai chiu su kiem tta, gidm sat cua xa hdi ttong cdc myc tieu boat ddng cua minh Nhu vdy, cd the hieu TNXH Id nghia vy bdo cdo mang tinh dao ddc vd qudn Iy vl nhiing boat ddng va ket qud thu dupe, gidi thich ket qua thyc hien va thiia nhan ttdch nhiem ddi vdi ca nhung ket qua khdng mong dpi cua TDH cho cac ben lien quan Quyen ty chu vd ttach nhiem Id hai mgt cua mpt vdn de khdng the tach rdi Tang qud nhieu quyen tu chu ma khdng dat yeu ciu ve TNXH se cd nguy ca tiiy tien, long hanh, gidm Slit chdt lupng, chay theo Ipi ich trudc mat Ngupc lai, tang cudng ttach nhiem ban che quyen ty chu se ttdi budc cdc co sd dai hpc, khdng tao dpng lyc vd ca che cho su van hanh ty nhien, ban che su mem deo, linh boat, kha nang dap iing yeu cau da dang cua xa hpi Duy tri sy can thiep dimg miic cua nhd nude thdng qua cdc cdng cy phdp ly, quy che, tdi chinh de rdi tit bd din sy can thiep tryc tiep vdo qudn ly vi md, tang quyen tu chii cho cdc CO sd dai hpc la can thiet Mat khac, de cd the sir dung cdc lyc luong thi trudng, tao ddng lyc cho giao due dai hpc mdt each dung miic, can cd sy tham gia cua cdc lyc lupng xa hdi ttong va ngodi nha trudng vao viec dieu ehinh vd nang cao ttach nhiem ciia cac co sd dai hpc Nhu vdy, quyen ty chu - TNXH ddi vdi co sd gido dye dai hpc hoan toan khdng cd nghia cdc trudng dai hpc, cao dang nam ngoai su chi phdi ciia phap ludt Dd la tu chu - TNXH 39 I Tap chi Khoa hpc N6i vu DAOTAO-BOIDU&NG Mf cii dilu kien dupe xac dinh bdi mdi quan he giiia nha nude - xa hdi va ca sd giao due dgi hpc TCDH la mdt khdi niem xem xet mdi quan he giiia Chinh phii, tiiic tiep la Bd Giao due vd Dao tgo vd trudng dai hpc Nd nhan manh din quyln tii dupe Chinh phu giao cho TDH ttong dilu hdnh cdng viec eiia nha trudng, bao gdm cd quyen Ipi va ttdch nhiem Quyln d ddy cd thi hieu Id quyen tu quyet hay quyen dupe quyet djnh, dupe lya chpn npi dung, phuang phdp, cdch thirc tien hdnh; lya chpn ddi tupng hpp tdc, cdch thiic thu chi tai chinh, phuang phap quan ly 1.3 Muc dich cdn bdn cua tu chd dgi hoc De phd bien kien tbiic vd tao cdc ttach nhiem cua minh, ma khdng cd ben ngoai can thiep, giii gin truyen thdng ty chii va tu hpc thuat, TCDH Id sy lua chpn tit yeu cua quan ly giao due dai hpc hien dai Id gid tri niem tin phd bien nhat va la nguyen tac can bdn nhdt, tuan thii cdc quy tac ciia phap luat la sy lya chpn tat yeu TCDH Dya vdo tu each phdp nhdn va nhiing quyen Ipi di kem ciia quyen ty chu, tien hanh quan ly, tu kiem soat nhung vdn de bdn thdn cua trudng hpc, hay nhiing vdn de khdng chiu sy can thiep cua chinh phii hay bat cir td chiic ndo, trudng hpc se tu quyet tdt cd cac van de ndi bp, ddc lap quyet djnh nhiing van de nhu: quy hoach phdt ttien, chien lupc phdt ttiln; ddc lap thyc hien TCDH Id mdt truyen thdng Idu ddi tai TDH cua phuang Tay vd edt loi ciia nd la TDH tuong duong vdi sy tii quan ly ciia cdc CO quan ben ngoai Quan sdt lich su phat trien cua giao dye dai hpc, muc dich can ban cua TCDH Id: (1) TDH tu quylt djnh vd xir ly nhiing van de ndi bd ciia nhd tin-dng, co ban la nghien ciiu tii thiic, theo dudi chdn 40 I Tan rbi Khoa h n r Nni i Iy, truyen dgt vd sang tao, ddi mdi kien thuc TDH can dupe giao quyen tu chu ke hoach, ty chu chinh sdch, ty chii qudn ly vl cdc Iinh vuc, ttdnh nhiing can thiep tii ben ngoai, c6 tdc dung manh me ttong viec tao dpng luc thiic diy xa hpi tien bd; (2) Trdnh sy kilm soat, can thiep ciia hanh chinh nha nude va giao hdi Day Id mdt ljch sir truyen thdng ljch su cua TDH thdi trung cd, cac phong ttdo cai cdch thdi phuc hung, su phat trien ciia cupc each mgng cdng nghiep dupe hinh Chi cd cdc trudng dpc lap, khdng phdi lo xa hpi phai trai, tu vl tinh thin, ty sang tao; (3) Ty chil lya chpn phuang thiic tuang tac vdi mdi tiidng ben ngodi de tdi uu hda ngudn lyc xd hdi thudc sd hiiu cua cdc TDH, cai tgo mdi trudng, phu hpp vdi hoan cdnh va chu ddng gianh chien thang ttong myc tieu phat trien trudng; (4) Cd mdt chu quyen ddc Igp, til chil dang kl TCDH rit quan ttpng ddi vdi viec phat huy tac dyng chu tri hay dan ddu, la sy ddm bdo de TDH hoan thdnh sii menh ciia minh Yeu cau can bdn cua TCDH, nhin tir goc dp chii thi thi chii thi TCDH nen la lyc lupng ndi bd cua TDH, tiic la hieu trudng, dpi ngU cdn bd quan Iy, giang vien va sinh vien, chii khdng phdi toan the xa hdi hogc nhiing td chiic, ca nhan khac Xet hi gde dp nOi dung, ndi dung cua TCDH lien quan din nhieu van de cua cac trudng cao dang, dai hpc Chu yeu bao gdm van de hpc thudt va van de qudn ly, theo dudi tii hpc thuat, khoa hpc qudn ly vd dan chil hda Xet tu gde dp myc tieu, TCDH la til hpc thuat, thuc diy su phdt trien phdn vinh ciia hpc thuat dgi hpc TCDH iiy hi hpc thudt la hgt nhan tinh than cua dai hpc Tuy nhien, dilu khdng cd nghTa la bd qua vow DAO TAO - Bdi DifdNG sy can thiep ciia chinh phu, la sy gidi quyet tdt mdi quan hd giiia chinh phu hanh chinh, gidi hpc thudt va trudng hpc, dam bao cdn bang giua qudn ly hpc thuat va qudn ly cua chinh phu Ban chat va dgc trung cua TCDH viec truy tim ngudn goc tinh sd huu cua tri thiic quyet dinh, xuat phat tir logic nghien ciiu dai hpc va su quang ba hpc van uyen thdm quylt djnh Nhung, vdi su ddi cua thdi dai cdng nghiep va sy gia tang ciia nha nude, cdc TDH khdng chi tham gia vao ddi sdng xa hdi, raa nd cdn dupe md rpng de cd the bao quat todn the xa hdi, ddp img cac nhu cau thuc te ciia dat nude vd xa hdi Vi thi, TCDH truyin thdng se dung trudc nhiing thdch thuc ldnttongtuang lai, sy kiem soat cua chinh phu vd anh hudng ciia xa hdi se ngdy cang gia tang, sy ddi lap giira TCDH va sy can thiep cua chinh phu se gia tang dinh muc chitieueho cac boat ddng phyc vu cho ngudi Ty chil nhan su: Trach nhiem tuyen dyng, tta luong vd thdng tiln Hon niia edn dat yeu cau chung la nguyen ly ty chu phdi cung cdp cac sii mgng td chiic da dang Tren day la bdn ndi dung TCDH da va dang dupe dp dung ciia cac TDH chau Au Tuy nhien, ket qud nghien ciiu cua Hiep hpi cdc TDH chdu Au, uy quyen cho Trung tdm Nghien ciiu Chinh sach Giao due Dai hpc Hd Lan (CHEPS) da kiem tta miic dp ty chu chinh thiic ve the che, lien ket vdi hi^u sudt va mite dp tuan thd chuang trinh hi?n dai hda cua EU Trong nghien ciiu cua EUA, cac phat hien cho thdy sy da dang ldn vl muc dp ty chu chinh thirc ve the che tten cac h^ thdng dai hpc chdu Au (de Boer va cdng sy 2010; Jongbloed vd cpng sy 2010) [5] Phan loai ty chii cua TDH: Tu chil TDH dupe phan loai thdnh loai: Ndi dung va phan lo^i ty chu dai hgc Tuyen bd cua HiSp hdi Dai hpc chau Au ty chil ban thi (myc tieu) va ty chu thu tuc (2007) chi khia canh TCDH [6] [7] dd la: theo Robert Bedahl (1971) [8] Str 1.6 Phan loai tir chu cua TDH Ty chu hpc thudt: Cdch thiic lya chpn sinh vien; quyet djnh ve van bang, thiet ke chuong [TSj tiinh dao tao va cdc phuang giang dgy; quylt djnh ve ITnh vyc, pham vi, ndi dung, muc dich 1 SS1 va phuang phap nghien ciiu; Tu chil tdi chinh: Khd nang tim kiem va ^ ^' * « S! s s? a phdn bd tdi trp, xay dyng ca sd vdt chat, quylt Vdi cac tieu chi cy the cho timg npi dung djnh ve hpc phi, phuang an tich liiy; djnh muc chi tieu cho cdc boat dpng phuc vu cho ty chu qua bang tten, chiing ta cd the thdy ring: ngudi + Ty chil thyc chit (substantive autonomy) Ty chu td chirc: Thiet lap co ciu td chiic va quy che, quyet djnh quyet dinh cho cdc Id til chu muc tieu boat ddng ciia co sd giao don vj chuc nang vd ca nhdn; co sd vat chat, dye dgi hpc ttong xac dinh hpc thudt vd quylt dinh ve hpc phi, phuang dn tich liiy; chuong trinh ddo tao 111 ¥ 411 Tap chi Khoa hpc Npi vu DAO TAO - Bdi DiSdNG /// + Ty chu thil tiic van hanh (producedural autonomy) la sy tii chu ttong viec xac djnh cdc phuang tien de thyc hien myc tieu hpc thuat de dye dgi hpc d Viet Nam Mpt so dinh hudng tang cudng tu chu dai hpc d ViSt Nam 3.1 Tdng cudng su lanh dgo cua Ddng Mdi quan he giua hai loai ty chu tten la ddy mgnh thi diim tu chu dgi hpc din quy md mdi quan he phu thudc, bien chimg; ty chu triin khai diin rdng TCDH phai dupe triln khai dudi sy lanh thil tyc khdng the van hdnh ddc lap dupe neu khdng Idm chu dupe muc tieu pham vi cua dao cua Dang va qudn ly ciia chinh phu Cap timg TDH, cd le tii chu mye tieu hien Id uy Dang phy ttdch lanh dao ve mat chinh tii phan ddnh cho sy van ddng/nang dpng cua ttong dai hpc, phai bao dam thyc thi ly luEln, cac TDH, tii chu thu mc da din dupe co dudng ldi, phuong cham, nghj quylt ciia quan qudn ly nhd nude ve giao dye Viet Nam Dang Ddng thdi, cdn phai can cii vao quy cap nhat, sira ddi the che hda van ban phdp luat phat triln gido due, hpc thuat va van hda, ludt cho phu hpp vdi bdi cdnh, dieu kien kinh bdo dam tii hpc thudt va til tu tudng cua tl, chinh ttj Viet Nam Va van de biic thiet he thdng dai hpc Do vay, xay dyng he thdng gido dye dai quan ttpng la thudc vl nha tiardng, thilt lap dupe cdc yeu td can thiet de xay dyng nen hpc ciia Viet Nam, hodn thien che dp dai hpc chit luong giao due vd uy tin cda mdt TDH hien dgi, tdi uu hda ket cau qudn tri dai hpc trudc hit la muc tieu, su dam me va thdi dp Thyc hien TCDH, hoan toan khdng phdi Id thii hpc tap cua sinh vien; tiep den Id phu nhdn hay lam yeu di vai ttd ciia Ddng va cdc dieu kien dam bao dao tao: nang lyc dao chinh phu, md la cdi thien va tang cudng sy tao vd nghien ciru cua gidng vien; tam nhin lanh dgo ciia Ddng vd chinh phu ddi vdi h? vd tinh nang ddng ciia he thdng qudn ly; mdi thdng dai hpc Trong bdi canh GDDH dupe quan he hpp tac vdi cac ben hen quan Lam day manh, cdc co quan td chiic dai hpc ngdy the nao de xac djnh dupe muc tieu cua trudng cdng ldn manh vd cdng viec quan ly ngdy cang phii hpp vdi sii mang cua td chuc va gop phan phirc tap, thyc hien TCDH dua yeu cdu phat trien Dam bao sy can ddi cac nganh dao cao ban ddi vdi trinh dp qudn tri cua co quan tao va td chiic nghien ciiu vdi nhiing ket qua quan ly nha nude ve giao due Song, phdi tii phyc vu cho chinh hogt ddng ddo tao cua nha bd md hinh qudn Iy tap trung cao vd sy can dy hdnh chmh tryc tilp, thdng qua khung phap trudng vd ban nira la cho xa hdi Tren the gidi, khung tieu chi danh gid mite ludt xdy dyng sy bdo dam mang tinh che dp, dp tu chu va TNXH cua TDH tai cdc qudc gia giai quyet tdt mdi quan h? giiia chinh phu va thudc Lien minh chau Au la san phdm ciia cdc CO sd gido due dai hpc Trong khung che Hiep hdi cdc TDH Chdu Au Hiep hdi da thyc dp nay, vai ttd lanh dao ciia Ddng ddi vdi dai hi?n mdt chudi cac nghien ciiu, thdo luan vd hpc chu yeu la thdng qua viec lanh dao chinh dua vao dp dyng ndm 2007 Day la mdt gpi y trj de thyc hien, vua phai bao dam dudng ldi, cho cdc CO quan ban hanh chmh sach cho gido phuang cham, chinh sach ciia Cip iiy Dang 42 I Tap chi Khoa hpc Npi vu ViN dupe thuc thi mdt each toan dien, ddng thdi can phdi tuan thii quy luat phdt ttien cua giao due va van hda, bdo dam ty hpc thudt vd "tu tu tudng" cua trudng dai hpc Dudi su lanh dgo cua Dang va Chinh phii, giao dye dai hpc cdn phai dya vao logic phdt trien cua ban than, dya vdo lye lupng chd the quan trucmg, cd quyen tu chu quyet sdch vd xir ly cac cdng vi^c npi bd, thiic ddy cac TDH phat ttien, tang cudng vai ttd cua dai hpc Hodn thien phdp ludt ve tu chu dgi hpc Xet tu ljch sir phat ttien dai hpc, edc TDH Id san pham true tiep ciia the che xa hdi, hinh thirc td chiic ciia nd bat ngudn tii cdc hdi nghi nghiep Td chirc dai hpc ban ddu cung gidng nhu cdc hpi hpc sinh va giao vien Trudng hpc giao vien va hpc sinh cung qudn ly Su ddi ciia td chirc hdi nghe nghiep chinh id manh nha cua TCDH thdi ky dau Do phap luat cua xa hdi dd van chua ki§n todn, cac giao vien dimg lap cdc hdi nghe nghiep gpi Id khoa hoac hdi giao su, ty quyet djnh cdc sy vu ciia minh de ddm bdo Ipi ich ciia chinh minh Ve tdng the, ban chat vd dgc trung cua TCDH suy cho cung dupe quyet djnh bdi thudc tinh cua tri thiic, quyet djnh bdi diem khdi dau logic cua nghien ciiru dai hpc TCDH la quan niem gia trj phd bien nhat vd nguyen tic CO bdn nhit ttong quan Iy gido dye dai hpc hi^n dai, la su lya chpn tat ydu ciia xa hpi phap ttj kien tri qudn ly trudng hpc theo phap ludt Viec thyc hien TCDH, cdn phdi bdt ngudn tir chi dp can ban cua nha nude, kien tti su lanh dgo cua Dang, can phai kit hop cdi each ehl dp dai hpc vdi ke thua truyen thdng; can phai DAO TAO - Bdi DifdNG ket hpp chinh sdch vT md va yeu cdu cua Ddng va Nha nude ddi vdi viec xdy dyng che dp dai hpc hien dgi vdi tinh hinh cdc TDH; can phdi hpc hdi kinh nghiem vl TCDH, ddng thdi nd luc sang tao xay dyng phii hop vdi gido dye dai hpc Viet Nam Trudc mat, xay dung co che trudng hpc hien dai, hodn thien ket cau qudn tri dgi hpc, day manh cdi each the che, Id nhiing yeu cdu tdt ylu ciia TCDH thyc tiln khoa hpc cua Viet Nam, la dudng can phai di ttong viec thyc bif n TCDH TDH cdn qudn ly trudng hpc mpt cdch dan chii, cd quyet sach khoa hpc, kien toan CO che lanh dao, qudn ly vd ca che gidm sat ddn ehu ciia nhd trucmg, xdy dyng ca sd phdp ludt de cdc TDH thyc thi che dp quan ly dan chu Thyc te cho thay, sau nam thyc hien TCDH theo Ludt Giao dye dai hpc, viec qudn Iy dgi hpc dya tten ca sd phdp ludt nhdt dinh Nhung xet ve tdng the, he thdng cac van ban phdp ludt lien quan ban hdnh cham, khien cac TDH khd c6 dupe sy hd ttp hiiu hidu ve mat phap luat Do vay, TCDH van d miic thdp, hieu qud chua cao; cac trudng gap khd khan quan ly, van hanh nhd trudng, viec giao quyen tu chii ddi vdi cdc co sd giao due dgi hpc dang ttong pham vi thi diem vdi 23/169 CO sd GDDH cdng lap theo Nghj quyet sd 77/2014-CP chua trd nhu ciu ndi tai tii ban chat can bdn cua TCDH Nhu vdy, phdp luat hien hanh cdn ddy mgnh de cd tinh thyc thi cao, viec quan Iy hdnh chinh ddn chu theo phdp luat cua cdc TDH cdn dam bao ca ve co che chinh sdch cu the hieu qud va su bdo dam cua phap ludt, hdnh chinh hda gido dye dai hpc qua nang ne, CO che quan ly quan lieu, khdng cd thyc tien 43 I Tap chi Khoa hpc Npi vu DAO TAO-BdiDifdNG Mf qudn ly dan chii dai hpc 3.3 Tdng cudng kiim sodt tu chu dgihpc Kiem soat ttong trudng hpc Id yeu cau ndi tai dl ddm bao ty chu ttong trudng, la lya chpn ty chu hogt dOng dgy hpc d TDH La rapt thyc the ddc lap ttong dgy hpc, he thdng boat ddng npi bp ciia TDH cd dupe cdi thien timg hay khdng, ddng thdi cd d ttang thdi tuang tac tich eye giiia yeu cau phdt trien cua xa hpi vd ydu cdu phat trien tdng the qudc gia Tu kiem sodt ttong TDH phy thudc vao tinh hieu qua cua ca che van hanh quyen lyc, CO che rang budc ttach nhiem, ca che quan ly ddn chu vd co che tu danh gid Do vdy, bat budc phai hodn thien co chi lanh dgo TDH vd hpp ly hda quan he ddng Xay dyng tieu ehuin vj tti cdng tdc hpp ly, xdc djnh rd phgm vi chiic ttdch, ndng cao tinh tiiin ttdch nhiem Xay dung hodn thien quyet sdch dan chu, khoa hpc va quy trinh thyc hien, thyc hien qudn ly dan chii va giam sat dan chu Cgnh ttanh giira cdc trudng la dudng quan ttpng de thyc hien ky luat ttong TDH Trong bdi cdnh cgnh ttanh thj trudng, cdc TDH neu mudn thu hiit ngudn lyc ngudi, xdy dyng uy tm nhit djnh phai biet ty kiem sodt Cdc TDH cd the dua CO che canh ttanh vao ngudn sinh vien, kinh phi vd thi trudng nhan tai, qua dd nang cao hipu qud chit lupng sdn pham dao tao vd nghien ciiu khoa hpc 3.4 Ndng cao y thirc trdeh nhiim vd thuc day gid tri cua tif chit dgi hpc Trach nhiem hpc thuat la y nghia gid tri tin tgi cua cdc TDH, ty chu hpc thuat chinh la chan ly sy sdng ciia TDH Xa hdi dan su, TCDH nen ttd thdnh mdt kieu ty chil ttdch 44 I Tao chi Khoa hoc Noi vu nhiem, cac TDH cin gdnh vac TNXH tuong ling vdi quyln tii chu dupe md rdng, tiic la phdt triln hpc thudt de thiic ddy tien bd xa hdi Trong thdi dgi nay, giao due dai hpc ganh vac nhipra vy quan ttpng ttong bdi dudng nhan tdi, nghien ciiu khoa hpc, djch vy xa hpi vd phat huy kl thda van hda Ndng cao chit lupng la nhiem vy then chdt ttong phat triln sy nghiep TDH, la yeu cau can ban de xay dung qudc gia sdng tao Do vdy, cac TDH cin kien tri xdy dyng ndi hara, phat trien ban sic, nang cao todn dien nang lyc bdi dudng nhan tai, nghien ciiu khoa hpc va dich vu xa hdi, nd lyc tang khd nang cgnh ttanh qudc te Can no lyc ndng cao chit lupng bdi dudng nhdn tdi, xac djnh rd vj tri trung tara cua bdi dudng nhdn tai ttong cdng tac cua trudng, chii trpng xdy dyng nhdn tai chuyen mdn cao va nhan tai sdng tgo ndi bat cd niem tm viing chic, pham chat dao diic tdt, kien thiic phong phii, bdn ITnh vung vdng Tich eye nang cao trinh dp nghidn ciiu khoa hpc, phat huy tdi da vai ttd quan ttpng cua TDH, cac TDH ddng gdp tich cue ttong cdi cdch kien thiic, cdi cdch cdng ngh^ Xdy dyng y thiic chu ddng phuc vu xa hpi, tang cudng nang luc phyc vu xa hdi Tich cue md rpng tuyen truyin van hda, phdt huy van hda truyen thdng tdt dep, gdp phan phdt hien van hda toan ciu Tich eye tham gia tu vin chinh sach, phdt huy tdi da vai ttd ciia CO quan tu van nghien ciiu Dgi hpc Id mpt CO quan hpc thuat, Idy hpc thudt Idm gde, tiln hanh each hogt dpng truyin dat va ddi mdi, phdt tridn nhiing kien thiic chuyen sdu, thyc hien TNXH Do vay, giang vien dgi hpc can ldy hpc thuat 1dm su nghiep, bdi dudng nhan each cdng hien cho sy nghi?p gido dye mpt VX each cd ttach nhiem ddi vdi xa hdi 3.5 Md rdng quyen qudn ly - phuang hudng chung cda tu chu dgi hpc TDH la td chiic hpc thuat mang tinh xa hdi, cd tinh xa hdi rdt cao Ddm bao tinh xa hdi cua dgi hpc la rapt yeu cau can bdn de 1dm tdt dai hpc thda man dai chiing, de lara ndi bat tinh xa hpi dgi hpc, cdi tien qudn ly dai hpc thi phai tiep tuc md rdng quyen ty chu ttong thdnh lap trudng hpc, gidm bdt ttpng tam quan ly, kien tri chinh sach giao due cua Ddng va nhd nude, the hien ddi hdi Ipi ich ciia cpng ddng xa hdi, thuc hien quan ly dan chu, tang cudng y tbiic ttdch nhiem, hodn thien the che qudn ly, md rdng sy tham gia ciia cdng chiing Phai thich iing vdi yeu cau cdi cdch che dd qudn ly hanh chinh nhd nude, xdc djnh rd chirc ttach va quyen hgn quan ly ciia chinh phu, xdc djnh ro ttdch nhiem vd quyln loi cua cde cap, cdc logi trudng hpc, hinh thdnh nhieu rao hinh trudng hpc khac Phat huy day dil vai trd quyet sach, gidm sdt, ddn chu va thara gia quan ly trudng hpc, tang cudng su tham gia ciia, gidng vien vd sinh vien vao cdng tac quan ly dai hpc Kien todn che dp cdng khai cdc sy vu cua trudng, chju su giam sdt cua gidng vien, ngudi lao ddng vd sinh vien Nghien cuu dua chinh sach ddng bd vd che dp qudn Iy phu hop viji dgc diem cua dai hpc hien dai, tiing budc loai bd nhimg rad hinh quan ly hanh chinh hda va cdc cap hdnh chmh ton tai tten thyc tl Thdng qua nhiing bien phap tten se gdp phan rad rdng quyen ty chu quan ly dai hpc, tang cudng quyen dupe bilt, quyen giam sat cua nhung giao vien, cdng chite tham gia quan Iy trudng hpc, phat huy y thiic tham gia, y thdc Idm chu, y thiic DAO TAO - Bdi DifdNG sang tao ddi mdi cua gido vien vd sinh vien, nang cao tinh ty giac, tinh tich eye, tinh sang tgo ttong quan Iy dan chii, thyc su quan Iy tdt vd xay dyng tdt trudng hpc TAI LIEU THAM KHAO Ngo Doan Dai (2004),"Fan de quyin tu chu vd trdeh nhiem cda cdc TDH ddi mdi GDDH Viet Nam ", Bdo cdo Hdi thdo • "Ddi mdi GDDH Viet Nam - Hdi nhdp vd thdch thuc" Ha Npi Pham Thj Ly (2012), TCDH vd trach nhiem gidi trinh: quan he giira nhd nude, nhd trudng vd xa hpi Tap chi Phat trien Khoa hoc va Cdng nghe, tap 15 so Tran Thi Bich Lieu (2007),"Cac ca sd de cu the hda ca che hoat ddng tu chd, tu chiu trach nhiem cua cdc TDH d Viet Nam", Tap chi Giao due, s6 174,tt.4-6 Pham Thj Lan Phuang (2015), Dich chuyin ca che qudn tri gido due dgi hpc tren todn cdu vd suy ngdm ve Viet Nam, Tap chi khoa hoc Dai hpc su pham Thanh phd Ho Chi Minh, so (68) 5.Tatiana Fumasoli, Ase Gornitzka and Peter Maassen, University Autonomy and Organizational Change Dynamics, ARENA Working Paper 8/2014 European University Association (2009), Autonomy & governance in european university, from http://www.eua.be University Autonomy in Europe III Country Profiles, 2017 S.Reehana Razes (2009), "Examining Autonomy and Accountability in Public and Private Tertiary Institutions" 45 I Tap chi Khoa hpc Noi vu ... Viet Nam Mpt so dinh hudng tang cudng tu chu dai hpc d ViSt Nam 3.1 Tdng cudng su lanh dgo cua Ddng Mdi quan he giua hai loai ty chu tten la ddy mgnh thi diim tu chu dgi hpc din quy md mdi quan. .. bdi canh GDDH dupe quan he hpp tac vdi cac ben hen quan Lam day manh, cdc co quan td chiic dai hpc ngdy the nao de xac djnh dupe muc tieu cua trudng cdng ldn manh vd cdng viec quan ly ngdy cang... nhieu quan diem deu ddng nhit rang n8n sir dyng thuat ngu "TNXH" dl tuong quan vdi quyen tu chu vd trdeh nhiem ciia chii thi nha ttudng trudc mpi hoat ddng vdi cdc ben su dyng djch vu Theo quan