TC.DD & TP6 (3+4) - 2010 XU HirdNG TANG TRXTdNG THE TUC CUA JJGlTCJl VIET NAM VA DINH mrdNG CUA CHIEN LliOC QUOC GIA VE DINH D U Q N G T R O N G GIAI D O A N 20U-2020 * PGS TS Le Thi Hffp, GS TSKH Hd Huy Ket qua ngliien cuu va giam sat dinh duong nhirng thap ky qua cho thay tinh trang dinh duong cua ngudi dan noi chung da dugc cai thien dang ke Suy dinh duong tre em dac biet la suy dinh duong nang va the nhe can da giam nhanh va giam mot each ben viing Den cuoi nam 2008, ty le suy dinh duong the can da giam xuong duoi 20%, vugt ke hoaeh trudc nam so vdi muc tieu ciia Chien lugc quoc gia dinh duong 2001-2010 Tuy nhien, suy dinh duong d tre em van d miic cao so vdi phan loai ciia To chuc Y te The gidi va c6 sir khac biet kha ldn giira cac vimg/mien, dac biet la suy dinh duong thap coi - anh hudng den chieu cao, tam voc cua Ngudi Viet Nam Tinh trang thieu vi chat dinh duong cua cong dong, dac biet la cua ba me va tre em van d miic cao Thieu mau dinh duong d phu nir co thai va tre em dudi tuoi; thieu Vitamin A tien lam sang, thieu lot van d miic co y nghia siic khoe egng dong, nhat la a cac vung Tay Bac, mien Trung va Tay Nguyen Mat khac, Viet Nam dang phai doi mat vdi ganh nang kep ve dinh duong Thira can, beo phi va cac benh man tinh khong lay c6 lien quan den dinh duong dang CO xu hudng gia tang, dac biet d cac ldn Trong nhung nam gan day, ty le suy dinh duong cao thi ty le thira can, beo phi va cac benh man tinh khong lay lien quan den dinh duong dang gia tang d mgi lira tuoi va cac vung mien dan den thay doi mo hinh benh tat va tii vong Cac nghien cuu ve nhan trac the luc cua ngudi Viet Nam the ky XX cho thay khoang gan 50 nam (1938 - 1985) khong thay cac bieu hien gia tang ve tam voc Khoi thi luc cua ngudi Viet Nam, chieu cao ngudi trudng gan nhu dung yen (160 cm d nam va 150 cm o nu) Tinh trang chac chSn CO lien quan den nhieu thap ky chien tranh GSn day da co mpt s6 cong trinh phan tich khuynh hudng the tuc ve tang trudng d ngudi Viet Nam (ca tre em va ngudi Ion) tir sau chien tranh nhk la tir thai ky doi mdi den va nhan dinh c6 khuynh hudng gia tang tang trudng Do la mgt bieu hien dang mirng v6 chit lugng noi giong dugc cai thien Ti le suy dinh dudng the thap coi a tre em dang giam dan, nam 1985 la 59,7% , nam 2009 la 31,9% Nhu vay, giam suy dinh duong thap coi di song song vdi gia tang tang trudng Trong giai doan tir 1985 den nay, da quan sat thay khuynh hudng tang trudng the tuc duong tinh ve chieu cao va can nang d tre em bao gom ca tre so sinh va tre den 15 tuoi, phan anh tinh trang kinh te xa hoi va dinh duong cua Viet Nam dugc cai thien ro ret sau 20 nam doi mdi Khuynh houdng the tuc xuat hien d mgi liia tuoi ciia tre em dac biet tuoi vi nien ( - tuoi) c6 gia tdc tang trudng ca ve chieu cao va can nang cao hon cac liia tuoi nho Kei qua nghien cu^ ca chiiu dgc va nghien ciiu cat ngang cho tha'y tre em Ha ngi cac thdi diem nghien ciiu deu co chieu cao va can nang cao hon so voi sd lieu toan qudc va tdc tang trudng the tuc cung nhanh hom (tang khoang 1,5 den cm/1 thap ky) Kdi qua nghien ciru chieu dgc tai Ha ngi ciing cho tha'y ben canh nhirng can thiep dinh duong va svic khoe giai doan tre nho co nguy co SDD cao thi giai doan tien day thi va day thi ciing la CO hgi tdt de giiip cho tre tang tdc ve chidu TC.DD & TP6 (3+4) - 2010 cao dac biet ddi vdi tre bi cham phat trien nho Mgt nghien cuu d Tan quang (Hung yen) va Thanh luong (Ha ngi) cho thay chi6u cao ciia ngudi trudng ciing dugc cai thien: binh quan sau mgt thap ky (10 nam) chieu cao ngudi trudng tang khoang tir 1-1,5 cm CO thi giam nhilu benh man dnh lien quan din dinh duong vl sau.Trong thdi gian vira qua cac can thiep mdi chi dugc tap trung nhilu vl giam suy dinh duong nhe can, giai doan toi cin tap trung uu tien can thiep ve suy dinh duong th4p coi dl thiic diy tang trudng chieu cao Chung ta khong the khang dinh chieu cao tdi han cua ngudi Viet Nam se la bao nhieu vi dieu phu thugc ca vao tiem nang di tmyen nhung che dinh duong va mirc song dugc cai thien chac chan chieu cao cua nguoi Viet Nam se tiep tuc tang dgc theo the ky XXI thong qua nhieu the he Do do, kien tri thuc hien dong bg cac can thiep dinh duong theo chu ky vong ddi, dac biet dinh duong sdm cho ngudi me trudc va thdi ky c6 thai va tre dudi tuoi de giam suy dinh duong thap coi la nhiem vu chien lugc cua nganh dinh duong - sue khoe thdi gian dai trudc mat Tre em dudi tuoi co nguy ca cao bi suy dinh duong va beo phi Nhirng tre bi suy dinh duong sdm (dudi tuoi) sau tang can nhanh tir - tuoi thudng de beo phi va tang nguy co mac cac benh man tinh nhu tang huyet ap, dai thao dudng va ca benh tim mach va hgi chiing chuyen hoa tre Do do, dinh duang hgp ly thdi ky c6 thai va hai nam dau tien Chiin lugc Qudc gia ve Dinh duong giai doan tdi (2011-2020) se chu trgng den giam suy dinh duong thap coi d tre em gop phan nang cao tSm voc ciia ngudi Viet nam, giam tinh trang thieu vi chit dinh duong, kiim soat thira can-beo phi, cac benh man tinh khong lay lien quan den dinh duong, dinh duang hgp ly cho mgi doi tugng va dam bao an toan thuc pham Hoat dgng dinh duong se dugc tiep tuc trien khai tren pham vi toan quoc, nhung se c6 cac giai phap can thiep dac thu cho cac vung, mien va cac nhom ddi tugng cu the.Vdi muc tieu tong quat din nam 2020, cai thien biia an ciia ngudi dan d t§t ca cac vimg du ve so lugng, can doi hem ve chat lugng; Day manh giam suy dinh duong tre em, dac biet the thap coi, nham nang cao tam voc va the lire ciia ngudi Viet Nam; dong thdi kiem soat c6 hieu qua tinh trang thira can - beo phi gop phan han che cac benh man tinh khong lay lien quan den dinh duong Summary S E C U L A R T R E N D IN G R O W T H OF V I E T N A M E S E P E O P L E AND T H E ORI-^ ENTATION OF NATIONAL NUTRITION S T R A T E G Y P E R I O D 2011-2020 This overview briefs the nutritional situation of Vietnam with the reduction of underweight, the maintenance of stunting and micronutrient deficiencies, and the emergence of dietary related chronic diseases An optimistic observation is the secular trend in growth since 1985 in some population groups These trends have shaded the new NNS for the period of 2011 - 2020 with the focus on the acceleration of child stunting, thus increasing Vietnamese stature, reduction of micronutrient deficiencies and control of overweight/obesity and dietary related chronic diseases K.eYY/orAs: secular trend, growth, NNS Bai toan van se ddng tren tap chiDD&TP, 2011 ... chiing chuyen hoa tre Do do, dinh duang hgp ly thdi ky c6 thai va hai nam dau tien Chiin lugc Qudc gia ve Dinh duong giai doan tdi (2011- 2020) se chu trgng den giam suy dinh duong thap coi d tre... (10 nam) chieu cao ngudi trudng tang khoang tir 1-1,5 cm CO thi giam nhilu benh man dnh lien quan din dinh duong vl sau .Trong thdi gian vira qua cac can thiep mdi chi dugc tap trung nhilu vl giam... can thiep dinh duong theo chu ky vong ddi, dac biet dinh duong sdm cho ngudi me trudc va thdi ky c6 thai va tre dudi tuoi de giam suy dinh duong thap coi la nhiem vu chien lugc cua nganh dinh duong