p Hiimmi 111! vjiN HUA CHO CON N t i VIET mi eiPlillGliH0CiiUPIIiillENeENil6CIUfll(TliC TH.S LETH! HA XUYEN Hpc vien Chinh tri quo'c gia Ho Chi Minh N gdy 09/06/2014, Td'ng Bi thfl Nguydn Phu Trgng da ky b a n hdnh Nghi quyd't so' 33- Nghi quyet Hgi nghi Ian 9, Ban ehd'p hdnh TW Dang khoa XI ve xdy dflng van hoa, ngfldi Viet Nam dap Qng ydu cau phat trien ben viing dd't nUdc Tren cd sd tdng k^t vd kd'thfla Nghi quyet TW khoa VIH, nghi quye't 33 da the hidn sQ dd'i mdi ve mat tQ cfla Dang ta ve vai tro cfla van hoa, ngUdi phdt trien dd't nUdc Nghi quye't da dat ngQdi vao vi tri trung tam, gifl vai trd quye't dinh dd'i vdi sfl phat trien todn dien vd ben viing cfla dd't nUdc Van de xay dung chudn mfle van hoa, dinh hfldng gia tri vdn hoa cho ngQcfi thdi ky cong nghiep hoa, hidn dai hoa vd md rdng giao lUu quo'c te' giai doan hien la mdt nhflng vd'n de cot loi nhd't, nd'i bat nhd't dUdc de cdp den nghi quyd't Dang Cgng san Trung Qud'c vdn kidn Dai hgi 18 (ndm 2012) xac dinh "Van hoa Id huyd't mach cfla dan tdc la NGHlCN CUV TRUNG QUO'C so 3(163) - 2015 'gia vien tinh t h i n ' cua n h d n dan", dat vd'n de xdy dOng "tQ giac van hda va tQ tin v a n hoa cao do", hudng dd'n xay dUng cQcfng qud'c van hda XHCN" Vdy gia tri v a n hda Id gi? Vdn hoa va gid tri vdn hoa co vai trd nhU the ndo do'i vdi sU phdt trien ngUdi, phdt trien kinh te'- xa hdi noi chung? Tai phai ddt vd'n de dinh hQdng gid tri vdn hoa cho ngQdi hien nay, vd vd'n de gid tri vdn hoa c i n dinh hUdng co ngi ham nhQ the' ndo? Do Id nhQng vd'n de ma chflng tdi mud'n gidi h a n de cap tdi pham v i b d i vid't ndy Gia tri van hoa 1.1 Vdn hoa Van hoa la mgt thudt ngfl da nghia, dQdc xem x^t tfl nhidu khia canh Tinh dd'n dd c6 tdi hdn sau tram, gan bay trdm dinh nghia ve vdn hoa Khdi nidm van hoa d l u tidn vdi tQ cdch Id dd'i tfldng nghien cflu, dUdc nhd n h a n hgc vdn hda ngQdi Anh Edward Taylor dQa quyen : "Van hoa nguydn thuy" ndm 1871 71 L^ TH! HA XUYEN UNESCO tfl nam 1988 da dUa mdt chUdng trinh ldn ve Thdp 1^ thd' gidi phdt trien vdn hoa, do, ndu rd hai phQdng chdm 16n: "Vdn hoa vd phdt triin Id hai mat gdn liin vdi nhau" vd "phdt triin cdn thiia nhgn vdn hda giU mgt vi tri trung tdm, mdt vai tro diiu tii't xd hgi"^'\ UNESCO cung dUa djnh nghia ve van hoa: "Van hoa la tong the so'ng ddng cdc hoat ddng sdng tao (cua cdc ca nhan vd cdc cgng dong) qua khfl vd hien tai Qua cdc thd' ky, hoat dgng sang tao d'y da hinh nen he tho'ng cac gid tri, cdc truyen tho'ng vd thi hid'u- nhQng yeu to' xdc dinh dac tinh rieng cfla mdi dan tgc"'"' Vdn hoa co nghia Id hudng ngudi d& nhQng gid tri td't dep, den cdi Chan, cai Thidn, cdi My O phQdi^ Tdy, nen van minh cd' dai Hy Lap, La Ma, tfl "vfin hoa" (cultus) CO nghia la trgt Tif trgt, gieo cdy cdi dan din bie'n nghia, chuydn gieo tri tud; vun dudng tdm hon ngQcfi C.Mdc ciing tiing khdng djnh, van h6a giup phdt h u y "ndng lUc ban chd't ngUdi"'^' NhQ vdy, co thd' thd'y, v$ ban chd't, van hoa la hUdng de'n y nghia gido hoa ngQdi, hoan thidn ngUcfi hdn "Phdt trien van hda khdng th^ khong quan t a m dd'n n h d n cdch vdi t u each la sU tQ phdt trien cfla b a n t h a n ngUcfi Vdn hoa cdn vdi tQ cdch Id sU tU phdt Vdn hda co mat bd't cfl hoat ddng trien cua b a n thdn ngQcii"'^' "Van nao cua ngUdi, dfl la hoat dgng hoa dQdc tie'p cdn dQdi quan did'm gid tri san xua't vdt chd't va san xud't tinh t h i n , Id quan diem gan ngQcfi vdi tQ nhidn, hoat dgng quan hd giao tid'p flng xfl vdi xa hdi vd vdi sQ tQ phat tri^n Y\ thd' xd hgi hay thai flng xfl vdi thidn CO thd noi, q u a n diem gid trj coi van h6a nhien DQdi goc vdn hoa hgc, van hoa Id bieu trUng cua trinh dd phdt triln cdc dUdc hieu la cdc gid tri mang tinh sang quan he nhdn tinh thdng qua cdch thflc, tao, tinh nhan vdn, tinh be^n vflng, tinh hoat ddng sd'ng vd sdng tao theo chuin hd thong, tinh dan tgc, hudng ngUdi Chdn- Thidn- My co ngi dung xa hgi cu de'n cdi Chan, cdi Thidn, cdi My "Dd' co thd Theo quan diem gia tri hgc Macxit, dinh nghia day dfl nhd't ve van hoa, td't van hoa Id nhflng tUdng tdc ngflcfi nhd't Id gdn van hoa vdi ngUcfi"'^' tao nhdm the hidn nang iQc cfla NgQdi vid't mud'n nhd'n manh dd'n ban ngUdi dd bid'n cai b a n thdn ngfldi vdi chat nhdn vdn cfla vdn hoa, van hoa tu each Id sU hinh t h a n h ljch sfl hidn ngUdi sang tao ra, phuc vu ngQdi, thUc cfla ngUdi Co the noi rdng ve vi ngUdi Ngay tfl xa xUa, "vdn hoa" phQdng dien gid tri hgc, van hda Id mgt da sdm xud't hidn tu nhdn loai, qud trinh bien ngQdi sinh hgc thdnh ddc biet la b nhflng qud'c gia dUdc coi Id ngQcii xa hdi, tao tU cdch dgc nhd't cdi ndi cua vdn minh n h a n loai Trong vd nhi cfla ngudi Id mgt cd n h d n toan ngdn ngfl Trung Qud'c, "Van hoa" ( X i t ) : ven, mgt chfl the ndng ddng cua cdc qud "vdn" la ve dep, ve sang, "hoa" la gido hoa trinh van dgng ljch sfl"'^* 72 NGHliN Cl)U TRUNG OUO'C so 3(163) - 2015 Djnh hudng gia trj vdn hda cho ngUdi Viet Van hoa khong chi gifl vai trd dac bidt quan trgng hinh thdnh "nang iQc ban chd't ngUdi" ma v a n hda cdn la nd~n tang tinh t h i n , la sflc m a n h ngi sinh cua mgt dan tgc, la muc tieu va ddng Iflc cua sfl phdt trien cfla td't ca cdc qud'c gia trdn the gidi Federico Mayor, nguyen Tdng Gidm doc UNESCO tiing n h d n dinh: " Kinh nghiem cua hai thdp ky vfla qua cho thd'y mgi xa hdi ngdy nay, bd't ludn cl trinh phdt trien kinh t^ nao hoac theo xu hQdng chinh tri nao, v a n hda vd phat triln Id hai mat g a n h§n He nfldc nao tfl dat cho minh muc tidu phdt trien kinh te ma tdch rdi mdi trfldng van hoa thi nhd't (finh se xay nhflng md't can doi nghiem trgng ca ve kinh td', van hoa, vd tiem ndng sdng tao cua nU6c ay se bi suy yeu di rd't n h i l u Vi vdy, phan tich den cflng, cdc trgng tam, cdc ddng iQc vd cac muc cHch cua phdt trien phai tim dUdc vdn hda" Nam v a n hda chinh la chd't keo kSt dinh gifla phdt trien ben vflng kinh td', ben viing v l xa hgi va ben viing ve mdi trfldng sinh thdi Vdn hoa vd phdt trien thUc sfl Id hai mat gdn chat vdi Vdn hoa gan vdi sQ tQ phdt trien b a n t h a n ngQcii vd gan vdi sQ phdt t r i l n ti^n bd cfla xa hgi 1.2 Gid tri van hda: Gid tri la mgt thudt ngfl dUdc dflng nhieu nganh hgc khac nhau: Todn hgc, xa hdi hgc, kinh td' chinh tri hgc, triet hgc, ngon ngfl hgc, vdn hoa hgc Trong linh vQc vdn hoa hgc, gia trj Id nhiing la nhQng mong fldc cfla ngUdi ve nhiing pham chd^t, v l nhflng thfl cd y nghia, td't dep Gia tri cung nhfl tri thflc, c h u ^ mUc, tap quan xa hgi deu Id san p h l m cua qua t n n h tU duy, san xud't tinh t h i n cfla ngQcfi Gia trj Id yd'u to' cd't loi nhd't cua van hoa Noi den gid tri Id noi den nhflng chuan mfle xa hdi md cdc dan tgc trdn the gidi da hinh t h a n h nen sud't Peter De CuUar, nguydn Td'ng ThQ 1^ qua trinh ton tai vd phat t r i l n cua minh UNESCO cung tflng phdt bieu: "Phdt NhQng c h u i n mQc tao nen sQ kd't nd'i triln CO nghia la sU thay dd'i nhUng thay giQa cdc cd nhdn cong dong vd gifla doi d6 khdng phai tao nen sU khdc biet cdc thd' he Nd'u khong cd sfl lien hd, ke't md n6 tao r a nhflng ddc tinh, ddc trflng nd'i thi xa hdi dd kho co thd ton tai vd cua xa hgi vd cd nhdn: Dieu ddu tien vd phdt t r i l n dQdc dfldi quy ludt ddo thai tren he't, sQ thay dd'i phai mang lai cudc khdc nghiet cfla thcfi gian sd'ng phon vinh vd co chd't iQdng dUdc moi "Gid tri giohg nhQ dilm tich tu v l tU cdng dong ehd'p nhdn Day Id dinh nghia tudng cfla mdt giai cd'p hodc cfla mgt che va y nghia cfla phdt trien, se khdi d l u vd xa hgi nhd't dinh D i l u d6 nghia Id, gid truyen bd bdi vdn hoa" tri t h i hien mdt cdch hch sfl cu the cdc Van hoa giQ vai tro Id y^u to'ben muc tidu, quy tdc, ly tudng v l ldi ich Id sflc m a n h ndi suih, anh hu5ng trQc xa hgi, cdc ydu c l u cfla mgt che xa hdi tid'p den sU p h a t trien Su ben viing v l va cfla mdi giai ca'p nhd't dinh Do do, NGHlCN CIIU TRUNG QUO'C so ( H 2015 73 LeTHIHAXUYeN nhieu trfldng hdp, gia trj Id dinh hudng phdt trien cd ban cfla ddi sd'ng tinh t h a n nhdn loai mdi giai doan hch sfl nhd't djnh"*'* Tuy theo dieu kidn xd hgi lich sfl md mdi cgng dong ngUcfi lUa chgn gid tri ndo he thd'ng gid trj dan tdc ldm gid tri dinh hUdng Gia tri dinh hudng Id gid tri tru cdt, dong vai tro td chflc, sdp xep, chi phd'i vdi cdc gid tri cdn lai h e gid trj Gid tri dhnh hUdng la hat nhdn tinh t h i n lien ke't cfla cdng dong, no bieu hien gid'ng nhQ thudc do, c h u i n mQc djnh hQ6ng cho cdc vidn cgng dong thd'ng nhd't ve tQ vd hdnh ddng Gid tri vdn hda dinh hQ6ng Id'i sd'ng cua ngQcii, djnh hUdng hdnh ddng cfla ngQcii, tao nen dien mao cfla mdi cd nhdn vd cdng dong, vi thd', c i n phai xdc djnh dQdc he tho'ng nhflng gid tri vdn hoa c i n xdy dUng cho ngQcii Viet Nam Trdn cd sb xac dinh dUdc he thd'ng cdc c h u i n mUc van hoa se tao cd sd vQng chac hinh thdnh vd phdt trien todn dien ngUdi, giup djnh hQdng dung dan cho ngQdi Vidt Nam, hQdng tdi nhflng gid tri cd't loi, tfl giup xac dinh dac tinh rieng cua ngUdi Viet Nam, ddn tgc Viet Nam nham ddp flng nhflng yeu c l u td't yd'u cfla sU nghidp cdng nghidp hoa, hien dai hoa vd qua trinh hdi nhdp, giao lUu qudc te Gid'ng nhu khdi niem van hda, he gia tri cung mang tinh tQdng dd'i Do vdy, d l ddnh gid tinh gia trj hay phi gid trj, gia trj cao hay gia trj tha'p c i n phai ddt no tga dg xac dinh cua mdt n i n vdn 74 hoa: khdng gian v a n hda, thdi gian van hoa va chfl the v a n hda cu t h i Gid tri va b a n sdc c6 mdi hen he chait che vdi nhau, ddi ban sdc dQdc coi U gid trj Ban sdc Id cdi cdn cd't, cdi tinh hoa, hon cd't cua mdi cdng dong, ddn toe, Id cdi de phdn biet no vdi cgng dong dan tdc khac Ndi den gid trj van hoa la muon nhd'n manh de'n tiiih flng dung, tinh dap flng, tinh djnh hUdng cua ban sac vdn hoa trQdc nhiing nhu c l u cua xa hgi Gia tri lam ndn cd't loi cua vdn hoa Ngay c i n phai bdn thdm mgt vd'n de nQa Id gid tri vd sfl chuyen ddi hd gia tri Gia trj van hoa giflp khang dinh va ndng cao b a n chd't ngUdi, gid tri van hoa mang tinh xd hgi, gdn bo mat thiet v3i hoat ddng sd'ng cfla ngQdi, sQ ton tai vd phdt trien cua xa hdi D l hinh thdnh bang gid trj van hoa cua mdt cdng dong, mgt dan tgc thi phai trai qua qud trinh lich sfl lau ddi Gid tri thudng mang tinh on dinh vd b i n vflng Tuy nhidn, dieu khdng c6 nghia gia trj Id nhQng gi "nhd't thdnh bd't bien", la trQdng ton Gia tri vdi tfl each Id sfl danh gid Id mong fldc cua ngfldi ve cdi hay, cdi dep, cdi td't, cai co y nghia, no phan dnh n h u cau cua ngfldi mot xa hdi nhd't djnh, d mdt thdi didm nhS^t dinh Do do, gid trj vdi tQ cdch Id thfl6c cung mang tinh tQdng dd'i, bie'n dgng cflng vdi sQ bie'n ddng cfla xa hgi Vi vdy, nghidn cQu gid trj ludn phai ddt vd'n de chuyen doi gid tri hd gia trj Hidn nay, xa hdi Vidt Nam dang c6 sfl chuyen minh m a n h me, b i l n ddng dfl dgi NGHlCN CUU TRUNG gufc so 3(163) - 2015 Dinh hudng gid trj vdn hda cho ngUdi Viet Nam xu hudng todn c l u hoa, hdi nhdp vd giao luu qud'c t l vd cdng cudc cdng nghidp hoa, hien dai hoa dd't nQdc Mdi tnidng xa hgi b i i dd'i kdo theo sU vdn ddng, bie'n doi khdng ngflng cfla cdc gid tri van hda vdi sU phdt t r i l n kinh te' - xd hdi cfla da't nQdc thdi ky qud tid'n ldn chu nghia xa hgi Theo do, van hda khong diing ngodi phdt trien Van hod la n i n t a n g tinh t h i n cfla xa hdi vfla la muc tieu, vfla Id ddng lUc thuc d i y sU phdt trien C6 t h i k h a n g djnh, vd^n d l (finh hUdng kinh te - xd hdi theo dinh hfldng xa hdi gid trj van hoa cho ngUdi Viet Nam chii nghia b Viet Nam "Phdt t r i l n vdn giai doan hien c i n dQdc quan hoa - nen tang tinh t h i n cfla xa hdi gdn tdm hdng d l u chie'n iQdc phdt trien ket chat che, dong bd va tQdng xflng vdi van hoa nhdm dap flng yeu c l u phdt nhiem vu phdt trien kinh te (Id trung tdm); xay dUng chinh dd'n Dang (Id then trien ben vQng dd't nfldc chd't) chinh Id dieu kien quye't; djnh sQ Dinh hirflng gia tri van hda cho phdt t r i l n b i n vQng vd todn didn cfla dd't ngufli Viet Nam dap ijmg yeu cau phat nQdc vi "xd hgi ddn gidu, nQdc manh, dan trien ben viJng d^t nirflc chu, cdng bdng, van minh" t i l n budc 1.1 Nguyin nhdn dat vdn di ndy vflng chac ldn chu nghia xa hgi'*' Mdi kiin nay? day, nghj quylt TW khda XI cung nhd'n Dinh hQdng gid t n v a n hoa cho manh phai dat van hda ngang hang vdi ngQcfi Viet Nam Id mgt vd'n de ddt d p kinh te, chinh tri, xd hdi Ddy la sQ nhdn thflc sdu sdc cua Dang v l md'i quan he thid't hien xud't phdt tQ vai tro, sQc gifla vdn hod vd phat trien, la bUdc phdt manh cua gia tri van hoa, vai tro cfla trien mdi quan didm cua Dang v l nhan tcT ngQdi qua trinh phdt vai trd to ldn, sau sac cfla van hod trien ddt nQdc, xud't phdt tfl tinh hinh bd'i phdt t r i l n ben vflng vd todn dien cua dd't canh dd't nUdc va thd' gidi hien nay, vd'n nQdc Day la sQ nang dgng cfla nhdn thflc d l djnh hfldng gia tri vdn hoa cho vide nam bdt cdc vd'n d l thdi dai, ngQcii cd y nghia vo cflng quan trgng cung Id sQ xdc dinh chinh xac djnh hQdng Thii nhdt, nhfl da phdn tich nhfl tren, phdt trien van hod, kinh td', chinh trj vd gia tri van hda cd vai tro ddc bidt quan xa hgi cl Viet Nam theo hgc thuyd't Mdc trgng dd'i vdi sQ p h a t trien cfla moi cd Lenin vd tQ tQdng Ho Chi Minh nhdn vd cdng dong Vai tro van hoa ngdy cdng dfldc k h i n g djnh trdn pham vi todn Thii hai, xud't phdt tfl vai trd cua thd'gidi O Vidt Nam, cdng cugc ddi nguon lUc ngQdi dd'i vdi qud trinh m6i todn didn dd't nQdc, cflng vdi sfl doi cong nghiep hoa, hidn dai hoa dd't nfldc mdi tQ kinh td' vd chinh trj Co the khang djnh, bd'n nguon iQc Dang ta da co nhflng ddi mdi quan trgng cd ban phdt tridn mgt quoc gia: Vd'n, tQ ve vai trd cua vdn hoa dd'i ngfldi, tdi nguyen thien nhien, khoa hgc NGHlCN CUU TRUNG QUfl'C so 3(163) - 2015 - 75 L£ THI HA XUYEN cdng nghd thi n h a n td' ngQcfi gifl vai trd quyet chnh Michio Morishima tdc phdm: "Tai Nhdt Ban thdnh cdng" da ly giai sQc manh t h i n I ^ , sQ trdi day cua n i n kinh td' Nhat Ban la nhd cong thflc: Khoa hgc cdng nghd phUdng Tay va tinh t h i n Nhat Ban Tinh t h a n Nhdt Ban b ddy khdng gi khdc hdn la gid trj van hoa kd't tinh de h u n dflc nen nhflng ngQdi Nhdt Ban, Id sflc manh ngi sinh, ngudn iQc ngi sinh thuc d i y sU tdng trUdng kinh te- xa hdi dd't nUdc Chid'n iQdc P h a t t r i l n ben vflng Viet Nam giai doan 2011 - 2020 cung khdng dinh ro: "Con ngQcii la trung tdm cfla phdt trien b i n vQng"'^' ThU ba xud't phdt tfl yeu c l u khach quan cfla qua trinh cdng nghidp hoa, hien dai hda va ydu c l u phat trien b i n vflng dd't nUdc hien Su nghidp doi mdi da't nUdc, cdng nghidp hoa, hien dai hda vd qua trinh hdi nhdp qud'c t l Id giai doan cflng mgt Iflc, chung ta phai tien hdnh song song hai nhidm vu chiln lUdc Id xdy dung va bao ve Td' qud'c, vi ddn gidu, nQdc manh, xa hdi cdng bang, ddn chfl, vdn minh Ddy Id qud trinh cai bid'n xd hdi sdu sdc, ddi hoi phai phdt huy cao sflc manh cfla ngQdi Viet Nam: Nang Iflc tinh t h i n , tdm hon, de ngflcii Viet Nam thdnh chfl the thiic sQ cua qud trinh ndy Thii tit, xud't phdt tQ viec ddnh gia mat trdi cua qud trinh todn c l u hda Qud trinh md cfla, giao iQu, hgi nhdp qud'c te Id qud trinh td't yd'u dang didn hidn 76 Todn c l u hda trb thdnh xu thi khach quan cua thdi dai Cugc each mang khoa hgc cdng nghd dang phat t r i l n nhQ vfl bao vd lan rgng khap thi gidi, khdng mdt qud'c gia, dan tgc ndo co t h i quay liing lai hoac dflng ngodi xu thi Bdn canh n h f l i ^ th&i cd mdi, todn clu hoa cung ddt n h i l u thach thflc nghidm trgng vdi moi mdt qud'c gia trdn the' gidi NhQng mat trdi cfla qua trinh todn clu hoa, cua md hinh phdt trien khdng bin vflng; Ly thuyet tuydt ddi hda md hinh phdt t r i l n phfldng Tdy, xu the nhd't thi hda Id'i sd'ng n h a n loai, sU ddng phuc ve vdn hda, nguy cd xam ldng vdn hda ddn d i n sQ ngheo n d n ve vdn hoa hay vd'n de ddnh mdt b a n sac vdn hda ddn tdc Vi vdy, qud trinh mb cfla hgi nhdp qud'c te ddi hoi moi ngflcii Viet Nam phai CO trinh vdn hoa tQdng Qng de ldm chu va tidp bid'n cac thdnh tflu cua van hda, v a n minh n h d n loai, tdn dung td'i da cdc t h a n h tUu, thcfi cd md qua t r m h mang lai Thii ndm, xud't phdt tQ thQc trang phat trien vdn hda va vd'n d l dao dflc, loi sd'ng cfla ngQcfi Vidt Nam hidn Ddnh gid nhiing h a n c h i , k h u y l t diem ve Hnh vQc v a n hoa nam thflc hi$n Nghi quye't Dai hdi X cua Dang vd 10 nam thUc hidn Chien iQdc phdt triln kinh te-xa hdi 2001-2010, Bao cdo Chinh trj tai Dai hgi Dang toan quoc l l n thfl XI ndu ro: "Van hda phdt t r i l n chfla tQdng xflng vdi tdng trfldng kinh t l Moi trUdng van hda bi xam hai, lai cang, NCHICN CifU TRUNG QUKc so 3(163) - 2015 Djnh hudng gid trj vdn hda cho ngudl Wef Nam thieu ldnh manh, trdi vdi t h u l n phong my tuc, cdc te n a n xa hdi, tgi pham vd sQ xdm nhdp cfla cac san p h l m vd djch vu dgc hai, ldm suy doi dao dflc, nhd^t Id t h a n h thieu nien, rdt d d r ^ lo ngai" Bdn canh Id vd'n d l suy thodi dao dflc, 16'i sd'ng cfla mgt bd p h d n khdng nho can bg, dang vien vd q u i n chflng ngdy cang b i l n hdn, tinh vi hdn, ddi hoi cdp bdch phai chd^n hflng lai n i n v a n hda ddn tgc, md tnidc tidn phai dinh hfldng lai gid tri vdn hoa cot loi cho ngUdi Viet Nam, gop p h i n dinh hfldng lai tQ duy, loi sd'ng, h d n h dgng, n h a m phat huy td'i da sQc manh cua b a n sdc v d n hoa Viet Nam, cfla ngUdi Vidt Nam dap flng ydu c l u cua qua trinh cdng nghidp hoa, hien dai hoa vd phdt trien ben vQng ddt nUdc Cd the khdng dinh, gia tri v a n hoa cd sflc manh dilu tidt, dinh hudng hdnh ddng, tao ndn didn mao van hda rieng cua ed n h a n vd cdng dong; nhQng gid tri van hda mang tinh tfldng dd'i, vi vdy n h i l u chflng ta thQc sQ dang gap phai sfl khd khdn, sU Iflng tflng khdng nho vide xdc dinh nhiing gid tri vd hd gia trj v a n hoa dan tdc Vdy, ndi hdm cua cdc gid trj vdn hoa c i n djnh hUdng vd xdy dflng la gi? 1.2 Ngi dung dinh hiidng gid tri vdn hda a Nghj quyet TW5 khda VUI Nghi quyd't TW khoa VIII dd xdc dinh b a n sac vdn hoa Vi$t Nam la he gia tri van hda cua dan tdc Viet Nam gom ndm dilm: "Ban sdc ddn tgc bao gom NGHlCN CliU TRUNG QUtfC so 3(163) - 2015 nhiing gid tri b i n vijtng, nhiXng tinh hoa cua cgng dong cdc dan tdc Vidt Nam dfldc vun dap nen qua lich sfl hang ngdn ndm d^u t r a n h dOng nQdc vd gifl nQdc Dd Id long yeu nQdc nong nan, y chi tfl cQcfng dan tdc, tinh t h i n dodn k i t , y thflc cgng ddng gdn ket ca nhan- gia cfinh- lang xdto qud'c; long n h d n di, khoan dung, trgng nghia tinh, dao ly, dflc tinh c i n cu, sdng tao lao ddng, sU tinh td' flng xfl, tinh gian dj loi song Ban sac van hda dan tdc ddm ndt ca cdc hinh thflc bieu hien mang tinh dan tgc ddc ddo " Ban sac van hda dan tgc phai gdn ket vdi mcl rdng, giao iQu qud'c te, tilp thu cd chgn lgc nhQng cdi tinh hoa, cdi hay, cai tid'n bo van hda cdc ddn tgc khdc tren thd' gidi GiQ gin b a n sac dan tdc phai di h I n vdi chd'ng lac hdu, loi thdi phong tuc, tdp qudn, le thoi cu Trong mflcii nhiem vu dUdc dQa nghj quylt TW5 khda VIII de xay diing n i n vdn hda tidn tien, ddm dd ban sac dan tgc, nhidm vu hang d l u dUdc dfla la: Xay dUng ngUdi Viet Nam giai doan cdch mang mdi Gia trj v a n hoa dUdc dinh hQdng b ddy giup xay dUng ngQdi Viet Nam giai doan mdi vdi nhflng ddc tinh quan trgng sau: Co tinh t h i n ydu nUdc, tQ cQdng ddn tdc, phd'n da'u vi ddc lap dan tdc vd chfl nghia xa hgi, co y chi vQdn ldn dfla ddt nfldc thoat khoi ngheo n a n lac hdu, dodn k i t vdi n h a n ddn the gidi sU nghiep dd'u t r a n h vi hda binh, ddc ldp dan tdc, ddn chu vd t i l n bd xa hdi 77 LETH! HA XUYEN Cd y thflc t a p t h i , doan ke't, phd'n dd'u vi Idi ich chung C6 Id'i sd'ng ldnh manh, n i p sd'ng van minh, can kidm, trung thflc, nhdn r^hla, tdn trgng ky cUdng phdp nU6c, quy fldc cfla cdng dong; cd y thflc bao ve vd cai thien mdi trQcfng sinh thdi Lao dgng chdm chi vdi iQdng tam n g h i nghidp, CO ky thudt, sdng tao, ndng sua't cao vi ldi ich cua b a n thdn, gia dinh, tap the vd xd hgi ThQdng xuydn hgc tap, ndng cao hieu bie't, trinh chuyen mdn, trinh tham my vd the lUc Do Id nhQng yeu c l u dat viec xay dUng ngQcfi Vidt Nam mdi b Nghi quyet 33 (NQ TW9 khoa XI) Nghi quyd't 33 v l xdy diing vd phdt trien vdn hoa, ngQdi Vidt Nam dap Qng yeu c l u phdt trien ben vflng dd't nQdc la nghj quyet mdi nhd't v l van hda Nghj quyet 33 ddi da dap Qng nhQng ddi hoi bflc thiet cfla yeu clu, nhidm vu xay dUng vd bao vd To qud'c Viet Nam xa hdi chfl nghia, nhd't Id dap Qng yeu cau cfla qua trinh cdng nghidp hoa, hien dai hda da't nQdc, dap flng yeu clu phdt tridn todn dien va ben vQng dd't nUdc thcfi ky mdi, ma tinh hinh nQdc va the gidi dang diln nhQng b i l n doi mdi Nghj quyet 33 da the hien sil ddi mdi tU cfla Dang ta v l xay dUng vd phdt trien van hda NhQng diem mdi nd'i bat cfla nghi quyet djnh hUdng gid tri vdn hda cho ngUcii Viet Nam giai doan mdi, the hien b mdt sd'diem cd ban sau: 78 Thii nhdt, vd'n de van hda, ngQdi dUdc ddt vao vi tri trung tam, ngang hdng vdi kinh te', chinh tri, xd hdi, trS thdnh mdt bd'n Enh vQc cd't loi nh^t cdn tdp trung xay dOng Vd'n de xay dUng va phat tridn r^uSi dUdc ddc bidt chfl trgng the hien tfl ten ggi cua nghj quylt vd dUdc ddt ra, giai quyet mgt cdch he thd'ng xuydn sud't todn bd ngi dung cfla nghi quye't Xay dung va p h a t trien van hda phai gdn chat vdi xay dUng vd phat trien ngQdi Viet Nam Con ngQcfi Id trung tam, la chfl the cua qud trinh xdy dUng phdt tridn van hoa Dac biet, nghj quydt nhd'n manh quan diem phdt trien ngUcfi, gdn "phdt triin vdn hda vdi sit tii hodn thien nhdn cdch ngiicfi vd xdy diing ngiidi di phdt trien vdn hda" Trong xay dUng vdn hoa thi trgng tdm la xay dUng ngQdi co nhan each, co Id'i sd'ng cao dep O day, xay dflng phat trien vdn hda va ngUcii ludn gan k i t chat che vdi nhau, tdc ddng ldn nhau, ho trd , tao dilu kidn cho nhau, nham dat tdi muc tidu chung Id van hoa vd ngQcii d l u phdt huy td'i da sflc manh de ddp flng d i y du yeu c l u phat trien b i n vflng dd't nQdc Thd: hai, nghi quyet l l n d l u tien khdng djnh rd rang: "phdi hodn thiin cdc chudn }nitc gid tri vdn hda vd ngitdi Viet Nam, tao d i l u kien va mdi trQcing thudn ldi de phdt trien n h d n cdch, dao dflc, tri tue, ndng iQc sang tao, the chdt, tdm hon, trach nhidm xd hgi, nghia vu cdng dan, y thflc t u a n thfl phdp ludt; dl cao tuih t h i n yeu nfldc, tQ hao dan tgc, NGHlCN ClJrU TRUNG QUO'C so ( ) - Dinh hudng gid trj vdn hda cho ngudi Viet Nam iQdng tdm, trdch nhiem cfla mdi ngUdi vdi b a n t h a n minh, vdi gia dinh, cdng ddng, xa hdi vd da't nUdc" N h u vdy, vd'n d l dinh hQdng gid trj van hda cho ngQdi Viet Nam giai doan hidn da dQdc nghi quyet neu vd khdng djnh ro rdng tinh quan trgng va cdp thiet cua no Ve muc tidu chung: Xay dUng nen van hoa va ngQdi Viet Nam phat t r i l n todn didn, hudng dd'n Chdn, Thidn, My, thd'm n h u I n tinh t h a n ddn tdc V l muc tieu cu the, dac biet nhd'n manh de'n vd'n de xay diing va hodn thidn cac c h u i n mUc gid trj v a n hoa cho ngUcfi Vidt Nam vd vd'n d l xay dQng mdi trQcfng vdn hoa Dang dQa sau nhdm nhiem vu ldn can phai thUc hien, dd nhiem vu hang d l u dQdc dQa la: Xdy dflng ngUdi Viet Nam phdt tridn toan dien: Cham lo xdy dQng ngQdi Viet Nam phdt trien todn didn, trgng tam Id bdi dfldng tinh t h i n yeu nQdc, long tU hdo ddn tgc, dao dflc, Id'i sd'ng vd nhdn each Tao chuyen bid'n m a n h me v l nhdn thflc, y thQc tdn trgng phap luat, mgi ngQcfi Viet Nam deu h i i u biet sdu sdc, tfl hdo, ton vinh lich sfl, van hda dan tdc Hfldng cdc hoat dgng van hoa, giao due, khoa hgc vdo vide xdy dUng ngflcii cd the' gidi q u a n khoa hoc, hudng tdi chdn - thien - my Due ket va xdy dUng h e gid trj chuan cua ngflcii Viet Nam thdi ky cdng nghiep hda, hien dai hda vd hdi n h a p quoc t l NGHlCN CIJll TRUNG QUO'C so 3(163) - 2015 Xay dflng vd phat huy Id'i song lanh manh, t a n g cUdng gido due nghe thudt, ndng cao nang iQc t h a m my, nang cao thelQc, t i m vdc ngflcii Viet Nam NhQ vdy, phdt trien vdn hda, dinh hudng gia tri van hda vi sfl hodn thidn nhdn cdch ngUdi va xay dflng ngUdi de phat trien van hda Trong xdy dflng v a n hda, trgng tdm Id cham lo xay diing ngQdi- chu the, tQdng lai cua da't nfldc- cd n h a n cdch, Id'i sd'ng cao dep, dao dflc sdng vdi cdc ddc tinh cd ban: Ydu nfldc, n h a n ai, nghia tinh, trung thQc, dodn ket, c i n cfl, sdng tao Vdi nam muc tieu cu thd, nam quan diem, sau nhdm nhiem vu vd bd'n nhdm giai phdp, ngi dung nghi quye't 33 dd ddp Qng d i y du ydu c l u phdt trien b i n vflng dd't nQdc, vfla tap trung giai quyd't cac vd'n de bflc xflc cua vdn hoa, ngflcii hien nay, vfla dinh hfldng ro gid tri van hda cho ngUdi Viet Nam giai doan cdng nghiep hoa, hidn dai hda, md rdng va giao iQu, hdi nhdp qud'c td' Gid tri van hda Id mdt hinh thai cfla ddi sd'ng tinh t h i n , no phan anh va ket tinh ddi sd'ng vdn hda vdt chd't vd tinh t h i n cua ngfldi He gid tri van hda cd vai trd dinh hfldng cdc muc tidu, phfldng thflc t u vd hdnh ddng cua ca cgng dong Nghia la noi den b a n chd't cfla gid tri van hda la chung ta dang ban tdi md'i quan hd da chilu cfla ngflcii Vide djnh hiidng dung cdc gid trj vdn hda gop phan dilu tiet, tao ndn dien mao vdn hda rieng, ddc sac cua mdi ca nhan, cua moi cgng dong, dieu tidt cac moi 79 Le THI HA X U Y E N quan he da chilu phfle tap cua ngfldi, dinh hudng ngflcfi phdt tridn todn dien, hodn thien n h a n cdch, ddp flng ddy dfl nhflng ydu c l u mdi cua th&i dai, nhiing ddi hoi bflc thiet cua ddt nUdc giai doan cdng nghidp hda, hien dai hda, mb rgng, tang cQdng giao liiu, hgi nhdp qud'c te nhdm xay dflng dd't nfldc phdt t r i l n n h a n h va ben vQng CHU THICH: (1) Hoang Trinh, Vdn di vdn hoa vd phdt triin, NXB Chinh tri Quoc gia Ha Ndi, 1996, trang (Tuydn bd' cua Td'ng giam ddc UNESCO Federico Mayor md dlu: Thdp ky the gidi phat triln vdn hda, Pari, 1988) (2) Uy ban quoc gia v l thdp ky quo'c t l phat tridn van hoa: Thap ky the gidi phdt triin vdn hoa Bo Van hoa- thdng tin va the thao, HN, 1992, trang 23 (3) Ly luan vdn hoa vd diidng ldi van hda cua Bdng, NXB Ly ludn chinh trj, Hd Ndi, 2006 ( H e cao d p ly ludn chinh tri) (4) Quan diim cua Mdc, Le Nin ve vdn hoa, NXB Chinh trj qudc gia, Ha Ndi, 2008, trang 42 (5) Phdt trien vdn hda Viet Nam giai doan 2011-2020, NXB Chinh tri qu6c gia, Hd Noi, 2010, trang 29 (6) Phdt triin vdn hda Viet Nam giai doan 2011-2020, NXB Chinh tri qudc gia, Hd Ndi, 2010, trang 32 (7) Ly ludn vdn hda vd diidng lot vdn hoa ciia Bdng, NXB Ly luSin chinh tri, Hd Ngi, 2006 ( Hd cao cdp ly ludn ehuih tri), tr.59 80 (8) Hoi nghi TW 10, khoa IX khang djnh (9) Chinh phu nudc Cdng hda xa hdi chu nghia '\^et Nam, Quylt dinh s l 432/QD-TTg cua Thfl tUdng Chinh phu : Phd duy^t C h i m iQdc Phdt trien bin viing Vidt Nam giai doan 2011 - 2020 TAI LifiU THAM K H A O Dang Cdng san Vidt Nam, Nghi quy^t TW khoa VIII, Vdn kiin Bai hdi dai biiu todn qudc ldn thit VIII, NXB Chmh tri qu6c gia, Hk Noi, 1996 Bang cpng sdn Viet Nam, Nghi quyet 33 khoa IX, bao Dien tfl Dang Cong san Vidt Nam, Dinh Xuan Ldm, Bui Minh Phon& Van hoa vd tri^t ly phdt triin tit tiidng Ho Chi Minh, NXB Chinh tri quoc gia, Hd Ngi, 2008 Gido trinh Ly lu&n van hoa vd