a u A N Li GIAO DUC DAI HOC GARHEGIE VA VAN DE P H A N lOAl DAI HOC TAIVli^TNAM TS LE O O N G PHLTCfNG* 1 Ljch SIX hinh thanh khung phan loai dai hpc (DH) Carnegie Tie''''u ban DH Carnegie dupe Quy Andre[.]
a u A N Li GIAO DUC DAI HOC GARHEGIE VA VAN DE P H A N lOAl DAI HOC TAIVli^TNAM TS Ljch SIX hinh khung phan loai dai hpc (DH) Carnegie Tie'u ban DH Carnegie dupe Quy Andrew W Camegie visu phat trien ciia day/jpcthanh lap ndm 1967 ydi myc tieu ngiiien cdu va de xud't giai quye't cac van de cua he thd'ng giao due dai hpc (GDDH) Hoa Ki Tie'u ban lap tdc da phai dd'i mat vdi mdt van de cd tinh he thdng: khdng cd mpt he thd'ng phdn loai hQu hieu de' phan biet cdc tmdng DH va cao ddng (CO) ttieo nhQng chieu phu hpp nlid't vdi cdng vipc cua cac tmdng Bdt dlu tQ 1970 tie'u ban da xdy dyng mot he phdn loai mdi eho phu hop vdi myc tieu phdn tich ciia minh Ba nam sau tieu ban da cdng bdlln dlu tien bang phdn toal cae tmdng DH va CO nhdm "giup icii eho eac ca nhdn va td'chdc ttiyc hien nghien cdu ve GDDH" Phien ban dlu tien ciia bang phan bai mang khd nhieu did'm tuong tu vdi quy hoach td'ng the'GDDH eua bang Califomia nam 1960 xem xet sd mang ciia cae co soGDOH Bang phdn bai cac tiudng OH vd CD cua Camegie da nhan manh vao sy da dang cua cdc co sdGDOH va tao each nhin nhdn suda dang dd so sanh Nd cho phep ttiyc hien so sanh hpp Ii giua cac tmdng cd ddc diem chung hoac rieng Chinh vi vdy, eae nhdm/jDhan nhdm dupc ttii^ ke cho dat dupc dp ddnp nhlt xet ttieo chuc ndng cua nha tmdng vd ddc diem cua dpi ngu sinh vien (SV) va giang vien Ndi each khae, eac co sd gido due dupe nhdm lai ttieo cai ma hp lam va ngudi hp day Be lam dupc viec cac chuyen gia phai xem xet cdc dQ lieu thyc ve kieu toal va so k/png bdng elp, kinh phi nghidn cuu cua lien bang, dac ttung chuong ttinh va each lya ehpn SV va su chuan bj cho nghien cdu sinh LE O O N G PHLTCfNG* Cho tdi Bang phan bai Camegie da dupc xuat ban lln lupt vao cac nam 1973,1976,1987, 1994,2000,2005 va 2010 Trong mdi lln edng bd, cac CO sd GDDH dupc phdn loai dya trdn cdc sdlldu cua hai ndm hpe tmde dd Ket cau cua bang phan loai Bang phdn toai phien ban 2010 bao gom cac phdn loai sau: - Chuang trinh dao tao (CTDT) bdc OH vd CD (Undergraduate Instmctional Program); - CTDT sau OH (Graduate Instmctional Program); - Dien tuye'n sinh (Enrallment Profile); - Dipn SV hpc trinli dp OH va CD (Undergraduate Profile); - Quy md va bdi canh (Size and Setting); - Phdn loai co ban (Bask; classification) 1) Phan loai theo CTBT bac BH va CB Cac CO sddao tao (OT) dupc phan nhdm theo cac CTDT CO vd OH khdng xet tdi cac CTDT sau DH cd ttie' cd tai tmdng Phln phdn loai dua vao thdng tin CO ban: trinh dp (OH hay CD), ti Id cac chuyen nganh nghe ttiudt va khoa hpc cung nhu chuyen nghiep, va tuong quan OT CO/OH vdi OT sau DH cung nganh Cac so sanh dd'i chieu dupc ttiuc hien theo Bang phdn toal CTDT (Classification of Instmefional Programs - CIP) cua Bd GD 2) Phan loai theo CTBT sau BH Phdn toal CTDT sau OH the' hien dac die'm eija cac CTDT sau OH vdi luu y tdi sy k^ hpp ci/a cac chuong trinh ttiudc eac nganh hpe khae Viec phdn loai duoc thyc hien tren co sd cac ttidng tin ve sd bang da cap (ttiac sT, tie'n si), sd nganh hoc ttieo van bdng da cap va sdbdng phan ttieo nhdm nganh rdng 3) Phan loai theo dien tuyen sinh Viec phan bai theo dien tuyen sinh eho ngudi dpc cd dupc each Bang phdn k>ai cua Camegie bao gom tat ea cac nhin khai quat ve dpi ngu SV cua cac nhdm tmdng CO sd GDDH cd cap bdng va da dupc kie'm djnh cua cd tinh tdi suket hpp ca SV CO/OH va SV sau DH Hoa Ki va ed sd lieu bao eao He thd'ng thd'ng Cac tmdng chi so SV OH/CO cdn dupe chia ttianli ice ticti h(^ veg'iao due sau tn/ng figc cila Bd Giao nhdm cap dp (2 ndm va nam) Cac tmdng cd ca dye Hoa Ki cung nhu eac sd lieu ve chi tieu cho OH va sau OH se dupc phdn theo ti 1^ SV eua hai nghien ciifu dupc Quy khoa hgc quoc gia thu thap Khao sat ve chi tieu nghien ciiu va phat trien * Tnig tin NghiM oil giao die dai hocid nghi igki^, Vi^i MK* tai cac tn/dng BH va CD ViftNaa Top chi Gido due so 302 (ki2-l /2013) cap dp tinh ttieo SV quy dd'i toan phln ttidi gian (Full-Time Equivalent - FTE) Ti Id cho ta ttiay dupe "trpng tarn" cua sd SV 4) Phan loai dien SV hoc trinh BH va CB Cach phdn b^i md ta khdi SV OH/CD ttieo ba ddc tmng: - Ti le SV toan phln/ban phln ttidi gian; - Ode tiyng ket qua cua SV lln dlu tien hpc OH nam thu nhat; - Ti Id SV chuye'n sang tmdng khae hpc tie'p Moi khia canh phan anh nhQng khde biet nhd't djnh SV OH/CO Cae sd lieu khdng phan anh chat lupng ciia giao due tai tmdng 5) Phan loai theo quy mo va boi canh Phdn loai md ta quy md va dac tmng eu tni ciia SV trinh dp CD/DH Chinh vi the, cae co sd chiOT sau OH se khdng xud't hien phdn loai Cac tmdng nam dupe phdn bd'n nhdm nho theo sd SV quy doi toan phln thdi gian (FTE) va ba nhdm theo ddc did'm cu tm cila SV Td't ca cae phdn nhdm khdng bao ham y nghTa ve chd't lupng gido due 6) Phan loai cabin Khung.phan bai eo ban la bd phdn quan trpng nhlt vd dupc biet den nhieu nhat, dupc xdy dyng va lien tue phdt trie'n tQ nam 1970 tdi Theo each phdn bai nay, cae co sd GDDH dupc phdn cac nhdm chinh: - OH cd OT tie'n sT; -OHcdOTthaesT;-OHOTcu'nhdn;-CO;-Cosd DT chuyen nghiep; - Cae OH va CO eua eae vung ttiie'u so Theo each phdri bai co ban cua Camegie, thi: - Cac BH cap bing tien s/'la eae tmdng ndm hpe 2008-2009 cd it nhat 20 tie'n sTtdt nghiep (khdng tinh cac bdng tie'n sT ehuyen nghiep nhu JD, MD, PhannD, DPT, etc.) Khdng tinh cac tmdng chuyen nghigp va cac tmdng cua eae vung ddn tde thie'u so Cap dp nghien cQu dupc phan anh theo phan nhdm (khdng phan anh chd't lupng hay tim quan trpng) tren co sd tinh toan chi tidu cho nghien cuu khoa hpc va kT nghp (S&E), lyc lupng nghien ciiru va sdbdng tien sTda cap: + OH OTtie'nsT, nghien cQu rat nhieu; + OH DT tien sT, nghien cQu nhieu; + DH DT tien sT, nghien cdu ttiudt va khoa hpc chie'm hon nua sd tdt nghiep se xep vao nhdm "Nghettiudtva khoa hpc", cdn khdng gpi la "da finh vyc" Tn/cing CD la eac co sd DT cap bang CD (associate) la ehinh, neu cd cu nhdn ttii sdbdng cu nhdn chie'm khdng qua 10% sdbdng dupc cap (trd cae DH va CO cua cac vung thie'u sd va eac co sdOT chuyen mdn) Todn bd vide phdn nhdm eua Camegie dupc ttiyc hien hoan toan bdng sd lieu thu cap, khdng he cd thu nhdp sd lieu rieng Cac sd lieu chinh lay tu cac bang cua He thong thd'ng ke tich hgp veg'iao due sau tmng hgecua Bd Giao due Hoa l