TAP CHI KHOA HQC SO 13 165 www htii edu v MOT S 6 BIEN PHAP DAP tTNG NHU CAU THAM V A N HlTdNG NGHIEP CHO HOC SINH Nguyin Thi C4m Tnrdng Dgi hpc Hd TTnh Email camtl nguyenthi@htu edu vn Ngdy nhdn bdi[.]
TAP CHI KHOA HQC SO 13 165 www.htii.edu.v MOT S BIEN PHAP DAP tTNG NHU CAU THAM V A N HlTdNG NGHIEP CHO HOC SINH Nguyin Thi C4m Tnrdng Dgi hpc Hd TTnh Email: camtl.nguyenthi@htu.edu.vn Ngdy nhdn bdi (received): 10/11/2017 Ngdy nhgn bdn sira (revised): 25/11/2017 Ngdy nhdn ddng (accepted): 10/12/2017 Tdm tdt Tham van hudng nghifp la mgt ngi dung quan trgng d cdc nhd trudng phd thdng nham dgt dugc hifu qud cdng tde hudng nghifp cho hgc sinh (HS) Tuy nhidn, thyc tidn hifn cho thay cdng tac tham vdn chua duge tidn hanh mgt each ddng bd d cdc trudng va chua thyc sy dap iing nhu cau tham vdn hudng nghifp (TVHN) cho hgc sinh Tren ca sd nghidn cftu Iy ludn vd thyc tien cdng tdc TVHN, dl xudt mdt sd bien phdp nhdm dap ftng nhu cdu tiiam vdn hudng nghifp cho hgc sinh trung hgc phd thdng (THPT) Tii khda: Tham vdn hudng nghifp, nhu can tham vdn hudng nghifp, bifn phdp Measures to meet the needs of career counseling for high school students Abstract Career counseling is an important element in high school education in order to achieve the effectiveness of career guidance for students However, practice shows that counseling is not conducted in a timely manner It does not really meet the need for vocational counseling for students Based on the theory and practice research of career guidance, the paper proposed some measures to meet the needs of career counseling for high school students Keywords: Career counseling; need of career counseling, measures Dat van d l Nhu cdu TVHN cua hgc sinh THPT Id nhung ddi hdi tdt yiu dang g§p khd khdn vl vide lya chgn nghe nghifp mong mudn dugc nha tham van giftp dd, ttao ddi, chia se, thao ga nhiing khd khdn vd bl tdc ma ban than cd nhan khdng tii minh giai quylt dugc Cd ISSN 0866-7594, 2018 Joumal ofScience, Vo! Xlll, All rights resenred TAP CHI KHOA HQC SO 13 166 www.hti4.edu.vn nhilu yiu td chu quan va khdch quan dnh hudng din nhu cdu TVHN cfta HS va mue dnh hudng cfta cdc yiu td la khdc Viec dap ftng nhu cdu cua HS ttong vifc lya chgn nghe nghifp la diiu rat can thiet Vi vdy, ttong gidi han bai viet nay, chftng tdi de xuat mdt sd bien phdp nhdm dap ling nhu cdu hudng nghifp cho hgc sinh, giftp cdc em hgc sinh, gia dinh, nhd trudng phan nao thdo go nhiing kho khan, Iftng tiing ttong edng tac hudng nghifp bdy Idu nay, ddp ftng dugc ddi hdi cang cao ve chat lugng ngudn nhan lyc cua gido due ddo tao va mong dgi cfta xd hdi Tham van hudng nghifp vd nhu cau tham van htrdng nghifp 2.1 Tham vdn hudng nghipp TVHN la qud trinh tuang tdc tich cue giira nhd tham vdn - ngu&i cd trinh dp chuyen mon nghe nghiip, ky ndng tham vdn, cd cdc phdm chdt dgo dire cua nghi tham vdn v&i thdn chu dang cd vdn di khd khdn vi lua chpn nghi nghiip cdn duac giiip da Thdng qua cdc ky ndng trao ddi, chia se thdn mat, tdm tinh gidp thdn chii khai dgy tiim ndng de hp cd thi tu gidi quyet vdn di dang gap phdi, ddng thdi ndng cao duac khd ndng ddi phd v&i vdn de cupc sdng Ndi dung tham van hudng nghiep cho HS gdm: - Giftp HS tim hieu yeu cdu vd ddc diem nghe - Giftp HS ty ddnh gid nang luc, tinh each, hftng thft, sd thich nghi nghifp ciia bdn than - Xay dyng mdi quan hf phft hgp vdi cha me nhdm thftc ddy sy thdnh cdng cfta vifc lua chgn nghe nghifp - Ket ndi HS vdi cac ngudn hd ttg ttong vifc lya chgn nghd nghifp - Giftp HS phan tich, danh gia thi hieu vl nghi eua xa hdi mdt cdch khdch quan, dftng dan - Giftp HS xdy dyng ke hogch hanh ddng phft hgp - Kiim sodt qud ttinh thyc hien cfta HS 2.2 Nhu cdu tham vdn hu&ng nghiep 2.2.1 Nhu cdu Theo tft dien Tam ly hgc cua tdc gid Vft Dfing (2002), "Nhu cdu la trgng thdi cda cd nhdn xudt phdt tic chd nhgn thdy cdn nhirng doi tuang cdn thiit cho su tdn tgi vdphdt triin cua minh Id ngudn gdc tich cue ciia cd nhdn"[ Vu Diing, 2002, tr 190] 2.2.2 Nhu cdu tham vdn hu&ng nghiip Tren ca sd tim hieu cac tdi lifu lidn quan vd tham khao y kidn cfta chuyen gia TVHN, chftng tdi da xdy dyng khdi nifm nhu cdu TVHN cho HS THPT tiieo quan didm Tdm ly hgc: Nhu cdu TVHN ciia hpc sinh THPT la mot Men tupng tdm ly cua ngu&i, biiu Men nhimg ddi hdi tdt yiu cua hpc sinh THPT dang cdn ggp khd khdn ve viic lira chpn ISSN 0866-7594 2018 Journal of Science, Vol, Xlll Ail rights reserved TAP CHI KHOA HQC SO 13 167 www.htu.edu.vn nghi nghiep, mong mudn duac nhd tham vdn - ngu&i cd trinh dp chuyin mdn, ky ndng tham vdn, phdm chdt dgo dire, duac phdp lugt thiea nhgn - giup da, trao doi, chia se, thdo ga nhirng khd khdn vd bi tdc dd md chinh bdn thdn cd nhdn khdng tu minh gidi quyit duac Nhu edu tham van hudng nghifp la mdt nhu cdu bftc thiet va chinh ddng, nd cd anh hudng Idn den cdng tac hudng nghiep nhd trudng ciing nhu sy phat triln tuang lai cua cac em hgc sinh Ro rang, viec dap ling nhu cdu tham van hudng nghiep cho hgc sinh la mdt nhifm vy quan ttgng ttong nha trudng phd thdng, gdp phdn phat trien nhan each toan dien cho hgc sinh, ddng thdi giftp cac ca sd giao dye ket ndi vdi eac dodn the xa hdi viec ehung tay xdy dung mgt tuang Iai tuoi sang cho hgc sinh Cdng tac gido dye hudng nghiep thdng qua hogt ddng tham vdn nghi cdn tap trung thuc hifn trg giftp HS ty nhdn thftc va ddnh gia ve ban than, tim hieu vl nganh, nghe, trudng dao tgo, trg giftp HS dua quydt dinh lya chgn nghe Bdi vgy, thyc hien GDHN thdng qua hogt ddng tham vdn nghd d trudng phd thdng can xay dyng moi quan he vdi HS cd nhu cau ve tham van hudng nghifp, tao cho HS cam thdy thodi mai, gan gfti dugc Idng nghe; HS cdi md han chia se, tam su Ddng thdi qua dd nhd tham vdn cd thd thu dugc mgt sd thdng tin ban dau dgc diem than chft cflng nhu cac van de ma HS cdn trg giftp, nhu: Hgc lyc, td hgp mdn xet tuyen, hodn canh gia dinh, tinh hinh sftc khde, sd thich, ndng lye, tinh cdeh, mong mudn nghe nghiep hien tai cua HS vd nhiing khd khan, vudng mdc ttong vdn de hien tai ma HS dang gap phai [baomoi.com] Cdc Men phdp Mp ung nhu cau tham vdn hudng nghiip cho hpc sinh Bien phdp 1: Kich thich nhu cdu TVHN ctia HS - Giup HS nhgn thuc duac vai trd cda TVHN: De kich thich nhu cau TVHN eho HS, nha tham van phdi giup cho HS nhgn thay dugc vai ttd efta TVHN De thye hien cdng vifc do, nha trudng, chuyen gia tham van ed the thyc hifn bifn phdp ndy bdng nhidu hinh thftc khac Vi du: gidi thifu cho cac em hidu dftng, hieu rd khdi nifm, bdn chat, vai tto cfta TVHN, cdn bd ddm nhiem TVHN (dugc dao tgo bdi bdn, cd ky ndng tham van, dgo dftc tham vdn ), cdng vifc ma hg thyc hifn, muc dich cfta TVHN Ngoai ra, can phai giup cho cac em thdy dugc TVHN la mdt bg phgn quan ttgng boat ddng hudng nghifp, dgc biet Id y nghia cua TVHN viec giftp dd ede em gap khd khan ttong vifc lya chgn nghe nghidp - Ren luyen tinh cdch mgnh dgn, tu tin cho HS: Bifn phap ndy giup cdc em mgnh dgn viec tim kidm sy giftp dd cfta chuyen gia TVHN gap khd khan hgc tdp ciing nhu lya chgn nghe De Idm dugc diiu do, qua trinh hgc tap d nha trudng, GV phdi tao dieu kien cho cdc em phdt bieu y kien trudc ddm ddng, ddng vien cac em trinh bdy nhung suy nghT vd khd khan cfta minh, tham gia cdc hogt ddng cfta Idp, doan trudng td ISSN 0866-7594.2018 Joumal ofScience, Vol, Xlll, All nghts resenred TAP CHi KHOA HQC SO 13 168 www.htu.edu.vn chftc Mat khac, cdn xda bd nhirng dinh kiln vl tham vdn ndi chung va TVHN ndi rieng d HS vi cdc em thudng cd tam ly sg mgi ngudi cho rdng minh cd vdn dk khdng hay v l tam ly gap cac em den tnmg tdm tham van - Nhd TVHN cdn phdi tgo duac dn tupng tdt ven HS, sir tin tu&ng cua HS Phai lam cho HS thdy dugc phdm chdt vd ndng luc cfta nha tham vdn Phong each ben ngoai, ttang phyc, giao tiep ngdn ngft va phi ngdn ngii cflng cdn tgo dn tugng tdt vdi cdc em Vi dy: ngdn ngft phdi ttdi chdy, khdng lap tft, Igp y, cd thai dg hda nha, gdn gui, the hifn sy quan tdm, mong mudn cftng HS gidi quylt van de cfta hg, ttang phyc ggn gang, kin dao, phft hgp vdi hoan canh Dd la yeu td quan trgng thftc day ede em tim ddn nhd tham vdn cd nhiing khd khan, ttd ngai - Cung cdp thdng tin vi cdc td chirc hogt dpng iTnh vuc TVHN Quy trinh va ndi dung hogt ddng hudng nghidp ciia tnmg tam dlu tiin hanh theo su chi dgo va hudng dan cfta Tnmg tdm Lao dgng vd Hudng nghifp cfta Bg Giao due va Dao tgo Cach thftc td chftc, thuc hifn cdng tac hudng nghifp cho HS dugc trien khai theo ldp hgc nghd phd thdng khodng 40 - 45 HS Thdi gian TVHN cho mdi HS dugc thyc hifn bdt ddu tft thang den thang cua nam hgc, tuan I budi/45 phftt Sau thdng HS se dugc nhgn phieu ket qud hudng nghiep cfta minh Cac td chftc cd the giftp cdc em gidi quyet nhflng khd khan, vudng mdc lya chgn nghd, co dinh hudng dftng ddn cho nghi nghifp cfta tuong lai Bien phap 2: Can td churc hogt ^ng TVHN tru&ng THPT vd Mm bdo dnh chuyin nghipp cua hogt dpng, cd vi Miu kien dpi ngU, ca sd vgt chdt, qid trinh thuc Men Can l^p tnmg tam/phdng TVHN ttong khudn khd cfta trung tam/phong tham vdn tdm Iy hodc kit hgp vdi bg phgn hd trg HS dd tdn tai d trudng Ca sd vgt chdt edn ddp ling yeu cau cua hoat ddng tham van tam ly ndi chung nhu dam bao sy rieng tu, gdn gui Trong dieu kien chua thi xdy dyng trung tam TVHN d tdt cd cdc trudng THPT thi cdn chi ddn dl cac em cd the tilp cdn TVHN d nhiing ca sd cung cdp dich vu thugn tifn nhdt Hogc cd the td chuc sy lien kdt hgp tac giua nha trudng vdi cdc tnmg tam tham van cfta cac trudng dgi hgc, cac vifn nghidn cftu hogc cac td chftc, ca nhan khac dl tridn khai cdng tac tham vdn cho HS Sy hgp tdc giup khdc phyc khd khan trudc mdt nhu ve dgi ngu, ca sd vdt chdt, gidm thilu thdi gian phdi chd dgi cd dft diiu kien de trien khai boat dgng TVHN theo chudn chuyen mdn, tdn dyng ngudn nhdn lyc cd tay nghe ngoai xd hgi Ve ddi ngfi, hogt ddng TVHN cdn dugc thyc hifn bdi cac nhd chuyen mdn, nhftng ngudi dugc dao tgo dung chuyen ngdnh vl TVHN, cd ky nang tham vdn, phdm chat, dgo dftc cua ngudi Idm tham vdn Cac td chuc, ca sd boat ddng TVHN nen td chuc tgp huan, ttao ddi kmh nghifm vdi cac GV ddm nhifm day boat ddng hudng nghifp d nhd tin-dng phd ISSN 0866-7594,2018 Joumal of Science, Vol Xlll, All nghts reserved TAP CHI KHOA HQC SO 13 169 www.htu.edu.vn thdng Ban than GV dgy hudng nghiep phai thudng xuydn ren luyen ky ndng cung nhu tri thftc de nang eao tay nghe, ttg giftp HS cd hifu qud ttong vifc gidi quyet cac khd khan Ve quy ttinh thyc hifn: Xdy dyng vd ftng dyng quy trinh chudn ttong TVHN cho HS, ddm bao cho HS co tti thuc, ky nang va thai tdt ttong ttong lya chgn nghd nghifp Can cd nhiing hudng ddn cy the ve vifc cung cdp cdc loai thdng tin hudng nghifp cho HS, dam bao tinh todn difn va hiiu ich cfta thdng tin, ve ren luyfn cac ky nang chgn nghi cho cdc em Chang ban, ngodi vifc ren luyen cho HS biit van dyng nguyen tac chgn nghi vao viec viet dan xin di hgc tiep sau phd thdng, xin vao ldm vifc d mgt ca quan hanh chinh, ca sd san xuat kinh doanh, nha tham vdn cdn phai giup cac em biit each thu thap cac thdng tin cdn thiet cho vifc chgn nghe, phan tich nhung diiu cdn thidt cfta mdi nghe Bien phdp 3: Npi dung TVHN cdn phu hpp v&i nhu cdu tham vdn cua HS Can tap trung vdo vifc hudng din, hd ttg dl HS cd thd tu ddnh gid chinh xac nang lyc, tinh cdeh, hftng thft nghe nghiep cfta bdn thdn; hd ttg cdc em tim hieu ve yeu cdu va ddc diem cua nghe, xdc dinh mftc phft hgp cfta dac didm tam ly cfta ban than HS vd ydu cdu cfta nghe Dieu dd cd the dugc thyc hifn bdng vifc nha tham vdn kit ndi cdc em vdi cdc ngudn hd trg, cdc ngudn thdng tin, kit hgp ren luyfn ky ndng khai thdc thdng tin tft cac phuang tifn thong tin dgi chftng dl cac em cd thi ndm bdt vd hieu ro ve nghi nghiep ttong tucmg lai Mat khac, cdn phdi cdn eft vdo hgc lyc, gidi tinh de xac dinh duge ndi dung vd cdch thftc tham van phft hgp Biin phdp 4: CSn sir dung nhiiu hinh thuc TVHN Tham van tare tiep vdi tiing ed nhan la hinh thftc tham van thudng dugc sft dyng nhat, ben cgnh cd the sft dyng tham van tryc tii:p vai nhdm cd ciing khd khdn Hmh thftc tham vdn ndy cd till dem lai hifu qud cao nlu ndm dugc ky tiiudt tham van Trong tham vdn tryc tiep vdi nhdm ed cftng khd khdn nen luu y: chia tung nhdm nhd, mdi nhdm tdi da khoang - HS Phai dam bao dugc cdc nguydn tdc vl eac cdu tnic ttong mdt nhdm Khi ldp nhdm phdi chii y den sy ddng deu: gidi tinh, trinh ciia cac vien ttong nhdm Mac du giao tiep tryc tiep la uu tien hdng ddu ttong TVHN, cae hinh thftc tham vdn qua difn thogi, Intemet cfing nen duge sft dyng nham phong phft hoa hinh thue hogt ddng TVHN Bien phdp 5: TVHN cho HS la mpt qud trinh lau dm, khong chi bat Mu & cap THPT Cong tdc hudng nghifp cho HS edn dugc trien khai tft nhiing cac cap hgc dudi, trudc het cd the la tii THCS, cy the la bat ddu tft ldp 8, ldp de giftp HS lya chgn vdo ede ban (ty nhien, xa hgi, ky thudt ) d ttirdng THPT va cd thi lya chgn tiirdng binh thudng, trudng chuyen, hogc cd the hgc nghi Nhu vgy, HS cd ndng luc, khd nang ddn ddu se dugc dinh hudng de theo hgc eac trudng, cac ban phft hgp vdi nguyen vgng va kha ndng cfta minh nhdm phat huy nang khieu va sd trudng cua ban thdn Bien phdp 6: Can phdi hpp TVHN v&i cdc npi dung khdc cda hogt Mng hu&ng nghipp ISSN 0866.7594,2018 Joumat ofScience, Vol XIII All rights reserved TAP CHI KHOA HOC SO 13 170 www.htu.edu.vn Bifn phdp nham giftp HS cd nhftng tii thftc vl Iy ludn cung nhu thyc tidn viec iing vdi nhftng khd khan qua trinh lya chgn nghi TVHN c6 thi phdi hgp vdi cdc boat ddng khdc, ttong cd thd ke den hogt ddng tham quan, giao luu vdi eac eg sd san xuat, doanh nghifp; thi tim hieu ve cac nganh nghd ttong xa hfi; gidi tiiifu vl nhu cau lao ddng efta xa hgi; dgy nghe; hogt ddng ngodi gid len Idp Tao diiu kifn dl HS cd the tilp edn dugc vdi cdc nhilu nghi cdng tdt, nhat la nhflng ngdnh nghi mdi, ed triln vgng phat trien va Cling Id nhung nganh nghd md nln kinh te cfta dat nude dang cdn K i t ludn Nhung nghien cftu Iy ludn ve nhu cau va nhu cau TVHN cho thay cdn hinh thdnh va phat triln nhu cdu TVHN cho HS, vi nhu cdu se thftc ddy HS tim kidm sy giiip dd mang tinh chuyen nghifp va cd hifu qua de giai quyet nhftng van de lien quan din boat ddng hudng nghiep Do tinh phftc hgp cfta hogt dgng hudng nghifp vd tinh da dang cfta nhftng khd khan lien quan den vifc dinh hudng nghe nghifp ma HS thudng gap, nhu cau cdn bao quat nhieu ngi dung khac Ket qua nghien ciru Iy iuan va thuc trgng ciing chi rdng can cd cdc bifn phdp ddp ftng nhu cdu TVHN cho HS Cdc bifn phap ndy can hudng den vifc cdi tien nhiing ndi dung cdn hgn chd, thieu hyt da dugc lam ro ttong phan nghien cftu thyc ttgng Ngoai ra, cac bien phdp tac dgng phdi phft hgp vdi dac diem vl gidi tinh, trudng, khdi, hgc lue cfta HS TAI LIEU THAM KHAO Bd Gido due vd Dao tao (2005), Triin khai cdng tdc tu vdn cho hpc sinh, sinh viin (Sd tu lieu 9971/BGD & DT - HSSV) Phgm Tdt Dong (1989), Giiip bgn chpn nghi, Nhd xudt ban Gido due, Hd Ndi Pham Tdt Dong, Nguydn Nhu At (2000), Su lira chpn tuang lai, Nha xudt bdn Thanh Nien, TP Hd Chi Minh Vft Diing (2002) Tir diin Tdm ly hpc, Nhd xudt ban Khoa hgc xa hdi, Ha Ngi Nguyin Ba Dgt (2003), V l tu vdn tam ly - hudng nghifp d ttndng THPT, Tgp chi Tdm ly hpc, (63), tt 72, Tran Thi Minh Due, Dd Hoang (2006), "Tham vdn hgc dudng - Nhm tft goc dg gidi", Tgp chi Tdm ly hpc, (11), tt 45 Trdn Thi Minh Dftc (2009), Gido trinh tham vdn tdm ly, Nha xudt ban Dai hgc qudc gia Ha Ndi Website: https://baomoi.com/tham-van-huong-nghiep-cho-hoc-sinh-phai-coi-Ia-viec-lamco-dinh-huong-thuong-xuyen/c/22002347.epi ISSN 0866-7594.2018 Joumal of Science, Vo\ XIII- All rights reserved ... ung nhu cau tham vdn hudng nghiip cho hpc sinh Bien phdp 1: Kich thich nhu cdu TVHN ctia HS - Giup HS nhgn thuc duac vai trd cda TVHN: De kich thich nhu cau TVHN eho HS, nha tham van phdi giup cho. .. Cling Id nhung nganh nghd md nln kinh te cfta dat nude dang cdn K i t ludn Nhung nghien cftu Iy ludn ve nhu cau va nhu cau TVHN cho thay cdn hinh thdnh va phat triln nhu cdu TVHN cho HS, vi nhu cdu... Tham van hudng nghifp vd nhu cau tham van htrdng nghifp 2.1 Tham vdn hudng nghipp TVHN la qud trinh tuang tdc tich cue giira nhd tham vdn - ngu&i cd trinh dp chuyen mon nghe nghiip, ky ndng tham