TAP CHi KHOA HOC D^I HQC V A N LANG Nguyin Thuy Ti£n e o i Mca PHironvG PHAP DAY H O C M O N GIAO o y c CONG DAN THEO HirdNG PHAT TRIEN NANG LlTC VA PHAM CHAT HOC SINH RENEW TEACHING METHOD OF CIVICS[.]
TAP CHi KHOA HOC D ^ I HQC V A N LANG Nguyin Thuy Ti£n e o i Mca PHironvG PHAP DAY H O C M O N G I A O o y c CONG DAN THEO HirdNG PHAT TRIEN NANG LlTC VA PHAM CHAT HOC SINH RENEW TEACHING METHOD OF CIVICS SUBJECT IN THE DIRECTION OF LEARNER'S CAPACITY AND QUALITY DEVELOPMENT NGUYEN THOY TIENC^ TOM TAT: Doi m&i phuang phdp dgy hpc theo hu&ng phdt triin ndng lyc, phdm chdt ngu&i hpc la yiu cdu cdp bdch dieu kien Men Nhgn thuc duge diiu ndy Bp Gido due vd Ddo tgo da co quyet dinh dua mon Gido due cSng ddn vdo ky thi tSt nghiip phd thdng ndm 2017 Ddy la mon hgc dugc tich hgp nhiiu kien thicc xd hpi, phdp ludt, dgo due, my hgc, triit hgc Vi vdy, ddi m&i phuang phdp dgy hpc mon Gido diic eSng ddn se gop phdn ngdn ehgn sy lech lgc vi dgo dice, phdm chdt, loi sdng hien dang gdy dnh hu&ng tieu cue den syphdt trien phon vinh vd ldnh mgnh caa xd hgi Men Tie khoa: phuang phdp dgy hpc, phdt triin ndng lyc, phdm chdt ngu&i hpc, gido due cdng dan ABSTRACT: Renew teaching method in the direction of learner's capacity and quality development is an urgent request in the present Being aware of it, Ministry of Education has decided to have Civics subject brought to Final Entrance Exam since 2017 This subject is a combination of social, legal, moral Aesthetics, philosophy items Thus, renewing teaching method of Civics subject will contribute to prevent the deviation in morality, quality and lifestyle which are having negative impacts to the development, prosperity and healthiness of today's society Key words: teaching method, capacity development, learner's quality, Civics I.DATVANDE Ddi mdi phuang phap day hpc theo hudng phdt tridn nang luc, phdm chat ngudi hpc Id yeu cdu hdt sde cap bach ttong didu kien hien Nghi quydt Hdi nghj ldn thd tam Ban Chdp hanh Trung uong Khoa XI dd chi rd: "Chuyin mgnh qud trinh gido due tic chu yiu trang bi kiin thicc sang phdt triin todn dien ndng lyc vd phdm chdt ngu&i hpc" [5,11.120] Dd CO vi tri va vi the viing chac tten trudng qude te, ehung ta can hpi nhdp vd mpi mat cua ddi sdng xa hdi, tiude hdt la bpi nhdp ve giao due bdi day la dudng ngdn nhdt ed thd thu bep khodng cdch vd thdi gian, khdng gian ttong qua tiinh di tdt ddn ddu, th\ic hidn sir nghiep ddi mdi todn didn ddt nude va xdy dung edng ehu nghia xahdi Mdt nhung van dd hidn chung ta can quan tdm viec giao due (•) ThS Trucmg Cao dang Su ph^m Thiia Thien Hut, Email- baolam20I!Il@gmailcom 127 TAP CHi KHOA HOC DAI HOC VAN LANG hpc sinh la phat tridn todn dipn nang luc vd phdm chat eua ngudi hpc Ndu nhu phat tridn nang luc bpc sinh chinh Id phdt tridn kha ndng tu duy, ttinh dp nhdn thdc, su sdng tao, logic vide xd ly mpi tinh hudng nham mang lai hidu qua cao thi phat trien pham ehdt hpc sinh chinh la phdt huy yeu td dgo due, thdm my cho hpc sinh, gidp hpe sinh hinb thdnh thd gidi quan va nhan sinh quan sdu sac, tinh td va cang tdt dpp ban Vi vgy, ddi mdi phuang phap dgy hpe ed vai tto quan trpng viec dao tgo ngudi toan didn, dap dng ydu cdu cdng nghiep boa, hidn dgi hda ddt nude Phuang phap dgy hpc hidn dgi, hidu qua Id phai phat tridn dupe ddng thdi ndng luc vd pham chat eua hpe sinh NOl DUNG 2.L Co* sd ly ludn vd thurc tiln lien quan ddn ddi mdi phuong phdp day hpc theo hirdng phdt tridn nang lire, pham chat ngirdi hgc Trong nhung nam gdn day van de ddi mdi phuang phdp dgy bpe dang dupe dpi ngu giao vidn quan tdm vd tich ey:e thuc hien Lam thd ndo de th\re hien ddi mdi thdnh cdng va mang lgi nhung gia tii tich cue? Dieu ddi hdi mdt su nd luc cao tir dpi ngu gido vidn va y thdc ddng dan td phia hpc sinh Nhdn thdc dupe tdm quan tipng vd y nghia eda vide ddi mdi phuang phap day hpc se gdp phan phdt huy tinh ehd dpng cua ngudi hpe Khi ma khdi lupng kidn thdc cang tang, ldm the ndo dd ngudi hpc cd the ITnh hdi vd vgn diing duac nhung tii thdc dy la mpt cau hdi Idn ddi vdi nhihig ngudi lam cdng tdc gido due Theo Mdc - Anggben, "Gido due la su thSng nhdt cua su hinh thdnh tinh thdn vd sd 03 / 2017 thi chdt cda mSi cd nhdn xa hpi Gido d^c la mpt mat khSng thi tdch r&i cupe sdng ngu&i, cda xd hpi, nd Id mpt hiin tugng dge trung ciia xd hpi lodi ngu&i" [3, tr.l4] Qua trinh gido due can cd su dau tu va chu tipng d nhidu mat, nhidu kbia egnh thi mdi cd thd phat ttien mot ngudi todn didn Trong didu kidn mdi, chdng ta dang ndi nhidu ddn mpt nen kinh te tii thuc, mdt ndn kinh td md d dd ddi hdi eon ngudi phdi su dung mdt lupng tri thuc nhat dinh dd gdp pban tdng trudng nen kinh te Mudn Idm dupe didu nay, ngudi can phai trang bi nhung kien thue ea ban nhat, nhung phai ed tinh toan dien mdi e6 the dap ung yeu cau hpi nhgp qude te Nha each mgng dan chu ngudi Nga Seenusepxki cung da tUmg ndi: "Gido due la cdng viec vT dgi nhdt doi vai ngu&i Khdng cd gido due, ngu&i viea thS thiin, viea khon cungvd bdt hgnh" [1, tr.96] Cac nha kinh dien cda chu nghTa Mac - Lenin thi cho rdng: "Muon thay ddi nhicng dieu kien xa hpi phdi cd mpt chi dp gido due thich hgp" [7, tr.92] Trong mpi thdi dai, giao due ludn giu vai ttd quan tipng Id ddng lire ndn tang cho sir phat ttidn kinh td va xa hpi, su thinh cua mot qude gia Viet Nam tten dudng cdng nghiep hda, hien dgi hda, hdi nhap qude te de khdng bi tut hau tbi edn phdi ddi mdi giao due va dao tao Day la mdt ehu truong Idn eda Dang vd Nhd nude Nghi quydt sd 29 - NQ/TW khdng djnh: "Gido due vd ddo tgo la quoc sdeh hdng ddu, la sy nghiep cua Ddng, Nhd nu&c vd cda todn ddn Ddu tu cho gido dye la ddu tu phdt trien, dugc uu tiin di tru&c cdc chuang trinh, ke hogeh phdt triin kinh ti vd xa hpi" [2] Nghi quyet H^i nghi ldn TAP CHI KHOA HQC BAI HQC V A N LANG thu hai Ban Chdp hdnh Trung uang khoa VIII cho rdng: "Mudn tiin hdnh cong nghiip hoa, hien dgi h&a thdng lgi phdi phdt triin mgnh gido due vd ddo tgo, phdt huy ngudn luc ngu&i, yiu tS ca bdn cua sy phdt triin xa hpi, tdng tru&ng kinh te nhanh vd bin vieng" [4, ti.I9] Cuong ITnh xdy dung dat nude ttong thdi k^ qua dp len chii nghTa xd hOi (bd sung, phdt tridn nam 2011) eiing dd nhdn mgnh: "Gido due vd ddo tgo, CO sir minh ndng cao ddn tri, phdt trien nguSn nhdn luc, bSi du&ng nhdn tdi, gop phdn quan trpng phdt triin ddt nu&c, xdy dyng nin van hoa vd ngu&i Viet Nam" [4, ti.77] Tai dgi hpi Idn thu XII Dang ta eiing dd dd mdt tiong sdu nhidm vu ttpng tdm edn thuc hidn nhiSng nam tdi dd la: "Phdt huy nhdn tS ngu&i moi ITnh vyc cua d&i sSng xd hpi, tap trung xdy dung ngu&i ve dgo dice, nhdn cdch, loi sSng, tri tue vd ndng lye ldm viee, xdy dyng moi truang vdn hoa ldnh mgnh " [6, ti.434] Trude ddy, phat trien ndng luc ngudi hpc nghia Id ngudi hpc dupe tiang bi mdt khdi lupng ldn kidn thdc phd thdng tu sach vd Ndu ehi dung Iai d vide cung cdp kien thdc kieu ban ldm thi nen gido due cda chung ta se ehi ddo tao ly thuydt sudng, bdi thuc tidn cudc sdng ludn van dpng va phdt trien theo tinh quy lugt cda no, didu kidn hoan canh, nhan td tdc dOng khdc thi phuang phap giao due eung sd khdc Trong xu the hidn nay, ehung ta cdn chd ttpng dao tao nghd, ky nang nghe d% ngudi hpc co su chu ddng tham gia vao qud trinh hpi nhgp va phdt trien dat nude eiing nhu cd nhieu ea bdi lao ddng d edc nude phat ttidn Do do, qud ttinh ddo tgo Nguyin Thuy Tien cdn cd mdt Id trinh cu thd, mdt chinh sdeh hpp ly vd ro rang; chd ttpng gido due hieu qua, gan vdi nhu cdu cda xd hdi vd phdt trien theo hudng md nhdm tao didu kien cbo mpi ddi tupng deu cd thd hpe tap va hpc sudt ddi; ndng cao chdt luong dpi ngu nha gido vd can bp qudn ly gido due Phat trien gido due theo hudng ndng cao hieu qud ddu tu, tianh tinh ttgng ddu tu nhieu nhung bidu qua mang lai thdp, khdng ddp dng dupe ydu cau dgt ra, gdy ndn sir ldng phi, that thodt ngdn sach eua Nha nude eung nhu chdt xam cda ngudi Giao due la mdt hidn tupng xd hpi dde bidt, mpt qua ttinh cd muc dich Gido vidn phdi la ngudi chju ttach nhiem ve nhung hogt dpng md minh dd ra, bpe sinh Id nhung chd thd chd ddng, tich cue vd sang tgo Trong qud ttinh gido due, dd dat dupe muc dich can phai cd phuang tien de thue hieh Phuang tien d day cbinh la phuong phap hpe mang lai hieu qud eao nhdt vd phuang phdp dgy hpc cd thd phat huy dupe tinh sang tao eda ngudi hpc la phuang phap tu phdn bien Vdi phuong phap tu phdn bidn, ngudi dupe tu suy nghT, tu hanh ddng va tu lua chpn nhiing quydt dinh nhung ttdn ea sd cda su suy ludn dupe can nhac nhidu ldn, chd khdng phdi thudn tdy dua tten nidm tin Hieu qua cua vide sd dung phuong phdp phdn bidn Id gpi cho hpe sinh su suy tudng, khai day tidm ndng edn dn chda ben ttong ngudi, gido vien phdi ttao eho hpc sinh dieu gi dd de lam chu khdng phdi didu gi dd hpc, hpc sinh khdng phdi hpc vet ma can phdi tu duy, edn phai ehd tam ghi nhdn kidn thuc vd phdt hien edc mdi lien he, khdng ddng lgi d vide ghi nhd ma phdi biet each TAP CHi KHOA HQC BAI HQC V A N LANG xd ly thdng tin vd suy lugn Ndi cdch khdc, ngudi hpc edn cd m^t mdi trudng dk trai nghiem ttong qud trinh bpe tap Td dd, dd su truydn dgt cua ngudi thay khdng thd thi ngudi hpc van ed the tu tgo thd cho bdn thdn vd cd thd tu suy luan dd tim bidn phap vd phuang hudng gidi quydt mang Igi hi^u qud cho qua trinh hpc tap, ddng thdi v§n dyng dd gidi quydt cdc tinh hudng ttong thue tidn Ddi mdi phuang phdp dgy hpc dd phdt huy ndng lire eua bpc sinh phdi bdt ddu td gido dye mdm non, bdi ddy Id ddi tupng rdt dl tidp nhdn edi mdi, ndu dupe hudng ddn chu ddo td ddu se tao ndn thdi quen tdt vd nhu thd d cdc cdp hpc cao hon cac em se dd dang tiep nhgn va thuc hien mdt cdeh thuan thpc nhiing phuang phap md cde em dupe ren luypn td mdi bdt ddu hpe each tiep cgn the gidi su vat xung quanh Qud trinh hpi nligp de phdt tridn se tgo nhieu ea hdi nhung ddng thdi cung ddt khdng it nhimg thach thuc Hpi nhdp tri thde la eo hpi de gido due vd ddo tgo nude ta tiep can vdi cdc xu thd mdi, tri thdc mdi, tu tudng giao due tidn bp, phuong phap giao due hien dgi nhung eijng cd nguy ea tut hau va lac ldng gida su phdt tridn mgnh me eda cdc nude lang gidng vd cac nude ttong khu vue, xa ban la cde nude phdt tridn chdu Au, chau My Do dd, ttong qud ttinh tidn hanh ddi mdi, ehung ta cdn cd nhiing budc dot pha, cdc cdp, ede ban nganh phdi todn tam todn y quyet tam thuc hidn va trien khai nhung quan didm, nghi quydt ciia Ddng ve ddi mdi gido due vd ddo tgo, Ben canh vide ddi mdi phuang phdp day hpc nhdm phat trien ndng luc cda hpc sinh, gido vidn cdn ddi mdi phuang phdp sd 03/2017 dgy hpc nhdm phat ttidn phdm chat eda bpc sinh Bde Hd kinh ydu cua chdng ta da tdng ndi: "Ngu&i cd due md khong cd tdi thi ldm viic gi cUng kho, ngu&i c& tdi md khSng co dice Id ngu&i vS dvng" Dieu cho thdy dao due la mpt ttong nhung pham ehdt quan trpng dd giao due ngudi todn didn, md nhiing hidm hpa cda xa hdi tu nhiing sir Idch lgc vd dgo dde ldi sdng gay dnh hudng khdng nhd ddn xa bdi va sy phdt ttidn cua ddt nude 2.2 Cdc gidi phap doi mdi phirong phdp dgy hpc mdn Giao due cong ddn theo hirdng phdt trien ndng lyc va phim chat hpc sinh Trung hpc thdng Gido due cdng dan la mdn hpc thu$c ITnh vyc khoa hpe xa hpi nhan van Ndm 2017, ldn ddu tidn Bp Giao due vd Ddo tgo quydt dinh dua mdn Giao dye cdng dan vao ky thi tdt nghidp Trung hpc phd thdng Didu ndy eho thay, vi tri cua mdn hpc da cd budc thay ddi Idn ttong nhdn thdc cda nhihig nha quan ly va dT nhidn hpc sinh cung cdn cd su thay ddi ttong each hidu cung nhu cdeh hpc ddi vdi mdn hpe nay, eho phu hpp vdi ydu cdu vd hoan canh mdi Giao due cdng dan Id mdn hpc dupe tich hpp nhidu kidn thdc xd b^i, phdp lugt, dao ddc, my hpe, tiidt hpe Vi v^y," giao vidn gidng day mdn hpe edn c6 kidn thdc viing vang vd sdu sde mdi c6 thd lien he thuc tien dd gdp phdn tao nen su sinh ddng vd dd hidu cho bai gidng, giup hpe sinh dd dang nam vung nhiing kidn thde da bpc vd co thd v§n dyng tiong cudc sdng, ddng thai tgo nen sy thu cho ngudi hpe Mpt sd gidi phdp cd thd vdn dyng ddi mdi phuong phap gidng day mdn Gido TAP CHI KHOA HQC BAI HQC V A N LANG due cdng dan theo hudng phdt ttidn ndng lyc va phdm ehdt cda ngudi hpc la: Thie nhdt, su dyng phuang phdp dgy hpc hidn dai vdi cae phuang tidn tidn tien, giao vidn can xac djnh dupe myc tieu, tipng tam va kidn thdc ca ban eua bai hpe dd cd the ydu cdu hpc sinh thyc hidn Gido vidn phdi Id ngudi dua nhdn xet eudi cimg, ehi dupe uu didm vd hgn ehd dd giup hpc sinh rut dupe bai hpc kinh nghidm eho ban than Thu hai, su dyng sa tu Phuang phap gidp eho hpc sinh dpng ndo nhidu ban ttong qua trinh hpc tap vd ghi nhd nhanh, chinh xac nhung kidn thdc bdng nhiing so dd hinh ve theo sy tu cda mdi cd nhdn Didu ndy se giup cho cdc em ed sy sang tao vd ddc lap tiong suy nghT Thie ba, su dyng phuang phap phan bipn Khi sd dyng phuang phdp nay, gido vien edn tgo eho hpc sinh sy ty tin dd cdc em ed thd tiinh bay hdt mpi thdc mdc ciing nhu hidu bidt cda minh md khdng sp sai, khdng so xdu hd Giao vidn cung cdn phai chudn bi tinh thdn vd cdch hda gidi cho nhiing tinh hudng khdng thd tta Idi dupe nhiing cdu hdi cua eae em d ldp hpc vdi mdt phong thdi nhe nhang vd cdi md Thu tu, sd dyng phuang phdp ddng vai, giup hpc sinh hda thdn vdo nhan v|it dd cd thd cdm nhan, tbdu bidu ddi vdi nhdng bai hpc lidn quan den dgo ddc vd phdp lugt Thdng qua do, cac em ed the rut bdi hpc cho ban than vd tuydn truydn den nhOng ngudi xung quanh Tha ndm, td chdc nhiing hpi thi pham vi Idp hpe, hode edc budi da ngogi cd ehu dh theo timg ndi dung bdi hpc Didu se tao nen khdng thi dua sdi ndi Nguyin Thiiy Tign giua cac td, cdc thdnh vien ldp Qua cac budi da ngoai ed chu dd, tu nhung eau chuydn thyc td, gido vien ed tiid giup cho hpc sinh c6 ;y' thde hem tiong hpc tap va hanh ddng Day hpc la mot qud trinh hdt sde khd khan vd phdc tgp, dk mdt tidt dgy tiianh cdng ddi hdi gido vien phdi tgo dupe dpng lyc vd hdng thu cho hpe sinh Didu ndy phu thupc rdt ldn vdo phuang phdp gidng dgy, each truydn cdm bdng, each td ehde, sy linh boat tdng ddi tupng va hodn eanh Day la mpt dudng ddi, nhidu thd thach va lam chdng gai, ddi hdi mdt sy ddi mdi toan dipn td nhgn thdc cho ddn vide thuc bidn Do vgy, Nha nude can cd chd truang, chinh sdeh dung ddn ddi vdi ITnh vyc giao dye thi mdi mong qud trinh ddi mdi phuang phap dgy hpc theo hudng phdt tridn nang lue, phdm chat ngudi hpc thdnh cdng vd hidu qud KET LUAN Ngay nay, khoa hpc va cdng nghe da tien bd, chung ta ed edng nhidu phuang tipn dd tidp can kho tdng tri thde cua nhan logi Mudn thdm nhdp dupe kho tang tri thde dd, chdng ta phdi khdng ngung ddi mdi cdn bdn, todn didn giao due va dao tgo; eon ngudi phdi khdng ngdng hpc tap va ren luyen Day cbinh la tidn dd tao ndn su phdt ttidn xa hpi Qua trinh dgy hpc tao ndn sy tuang tac giua giao vien vd hpc sinh khdi lupng tri thdc cda nhan logi dang tdng ldn mdt each nhanh chdng, giao vien phdi khdng ngung ddi mdi, dng dyng nhidu phuang phdp dgy hpc khdc thi mdi cd thd truydn tdi tri thdc cho hpc sinh, ddng thdi phat huy dupe nhiing phdm chat eao dep eua eon ngudi, ddp dng dupe ydu cdu TAP CHI KHOA HOC BAI HQC VAN LANG So 03/2017 cua xa hdi vd thdi dai Ddi mdi phuang tiong nhiing yeu cdu rdt cdp thidt ttong tidn phap dgy hpc theo hudng phat tridn nang ttinh ddi mdi can bdn va todn didn giao dye lye vd phdm chdt cua ngudi hpe Id mdt dinh - dao tao eda ddt nude ta hidn hudng bdt sdc dung dan va ciing la mdt TAI LIE:U THAM KHAO Ban Tuyen Gido Trung uong, Tdng cue Day nghd - Vidn nghidn cuu phat trien Phuang Ddng (2012), Doi m&i cdn bdn, todn diin gido due vd ddo tgo Viet Nam, Nxb Chinh tri Qude gia Ban Chdp hanh Trung uong Dang, Nghi quyit so 29-NQ/TW Hpi nghi idn thu tdm Ban Chdp hdnh Trung uang khda XI vi dSi m&i cdn bdn, todn diin gido dye vd ddo tgo, ddp irngyiu cdu cdng nghiip hda, hien dgi hoa diiu kiin kinh ti thi truang dinh hu&ng xd hpi chii nghia vd hpi nhgp quSc ti C.Mae va Anggben Todn tap, tap 44, Nxb Chinh tii Qude gia Ha Npi Dang Cdng sdn Vidt Nam (1996), Vdn kiin dgi hpi dgi biiu todn quSc ldn thu VIII, Nxb Chinh tri Qude gia, HaNdi Ddng Cdng sdn Viet Nam (2013), Vdn kien Hpi nghi idn thie tdm Ban Chdp hdnh Trung uang Khad XI, Van phdng Trung uong Ddng, Ha Npi Dang Cdng san Viet Nam (2016), Vdn kien dgi hpi dgi biiu todn quoc ldn thu XII, Nxb Chinb ti^ Qude gia, Hd N^i V I Ldnin, Todn tap, Tdp 38 Ngdy nhdn bdi: 03/01/2017 Ngay bien tap xong: 24/5/2017 Duydt dang: 02/6/2017 ... hidu qua cao thi phat trien pham ehdt hpc sinh chinh la phdt huy yeu td dgo due, thdm my cho hpc sinh, gidp hpe sinh hinb thdnh thd gidi quan va nhan sinh quan sdu sac, tinh td va cang tdt dpp... bidn Id gpi cho hpe sinh su suy tudng, khai day tidm ndng edn dn chda ben ttong ngudi, gido vien phdi ttao eho hpc sinh dieu gi dd de lam chu khdng phdi didu gi dd hpc, hpc sinh khdng phdi hpc... tridn dupe ddng thdi ndng luc vd pham chat eua hpe sinh NOl DUNG 2.L Co* sd ly ludn vd thurc tiln lien quan ddn ddi mdi phuong phdp day hpc theo hirdng phdt tridn nang lire, pham chat ngirdi