^ l i N H i i u Khoa hpc Giao due PHAT TRIEN CHUONG TRJNH THEO DINH HUdNG PHAT TRIEN NANG LUC NhUng thay ddi Idn Iao cua dat nude trong bdi eInh xu the hdi nhap ngay cing tie ddng sau sic tdi mpi mat[.]
Trang 1PHAT TRIEN CHUONG TRJNH THEO DINH HUdNG PHAT TRIEN NANG LUC
NhUng thay ddi Idn Iao cua dat nude trong bdi
eInh xu the hdi nhap ngay cing tie ddng sau
sic tdi mpi mat cOa eude song da dat ra cho gilo
dtic nhiem vu phli tao nen nhOfng edng dan, ngudi
Iao ddng cd pham chat nhin each, cd nhi^g gil trj
mang tinh toln d u , cd khi nlng hinh dong thich
te - x l hdi, dip Ung yeu cau phIt trien cua dat nude
Gilo due pho thdng can chuan bj eho ngudi hpe
nhOfng nang lUe can thiet cho cupe sdng x l hdi, iao
ddng
Kinh nghiem cCia nhieu nude cho thay, de cd lUe
lupng Iao ddng tuang thich vdi dac diem eua kinh
te- xa hdi duong dat (chiu Inh hudng manh me bdi
su phIt trien cua khoa hoc ki thult; xu the chuyen
djch sang nen kinh te tri thUe; toan d u hda; ),
nen gilo due phli hudng tdi dIo tao eon ngUdi
cd nang lUc, sing tao tren nen ting hoc van viJng
chic
Trong viec phat trien chUdng trinh gilo due pho
thdng cCia cac nude, v'lie xac djnh eae nlng luc can
thiet v l cIch thUc de hinh thanh, phat trien ele
nlng lUc nay cho ngUdi hpc II van de dupc dac biet
chu trpng
1 Vi l(hai niem nang life va cac nang lUc
dUpfc quan tam phat trien cho hpc sinh trorig
chiTomg trinh giao due pho thong
Cd nhi^u ^ n h nghTa ve nang luc nhu;
- Tran Trgng Thuy vd Nguyen Quang Uan (1998)
"Nang luc la tong hdp nhuYig thudc tfnh dde dIo
cOa cA nhin phu hdp vdi nhUng yeu d u dac trung
cua mot hoat ddng nhat dinh, nhIm dim bio viec
hoan thanh ed ket qui tdt trong ITnh vUc hoat ddng
ay"
-HEM/e/nerf (2001) cho ring "Nang lUe eua hpe
sinh II su ket hpp hpp li kien thOfe, kT nlng va su
sin sing tham gia de d nhin hanh ddng cd trIch
nhiem v l biet phe phin tich cUc hudng tdi giai
phlpchoclcvande"
- OECD (To chufe cle nudc kinh te phIt trien)
dua ra khIi niem ve nang lUc nhU sau: "Nang lUc la
khi nang ca nhin dap uTig ele yeu d u phUc hpp
TS LUONG VIET THAI
Trung tim Nghien ciiiti Gido difc Phd Uiong
v l thue hien thanh edng nhiem vu trong mdt boi dnhcuthe"
NhUvay, cdthe quan nidmve nang lue:suket hpp mot elch linh hoat va ed to ehUc d e "nguon luc": kien thUc, kT nlng, thIi dp, gil trj, ddng cd,
ma cung nhau dupe huy ddng nhIm hoat ddng cd hieu qui trong boi eInh nhat djnh
1.1 Mot so dac diem cua nang lUc
• Nlng luc ehi ed the quan sit dupe qua hoat
ddng eua el nhan d eae tinh hudng nhl't djnh
- Cd the phan thanh : nang lUe chung/ chCi chdt (key competency) v l nlng luc chuyen biet (domain-specific competency) Nang lUc chung la nhCfng nlng luc can thiet de d nhan ed the tham gia hieu qua trong nhieu hoat ddng va d e bdi eInh khIc nhau eua ddi sdng xa hdi (vi du : lam vlec nhdm; giao tiep; gili quyet van de; ) Nang luc nly can thiet eho tat d mpi ngUdi Nang luc chuyen biet (vf du: nang lUe nghien cUu khoa hpe, nang luc kinh doanh, ) chi can thiet ddi vcfl' mot so ngudi hoae can thiet d mdt so tinh hudng nhat dinh
- Nang lUedUdc hinh thanh va phIt trien dtrong
v l ngoai nha trudng Nhl trudng dugc coi II mdi trUdng chinh thdc giup hpe sinh cd duge nhung
nlng lUc chung, can thiet song dd khdng phli la npi duy nhat NhCfng bdi canh v l khdng gian khdng
chinh thdc khie nhU: gia dinh, cong ddng, phuang
tien thdng tin dai chung, tdn gilo v l mdi trudng van h o i gdp phan bd sung va hoan thien nang luc el nhin
- Nlng lUe va elc thInh to cua nd khdng bat bi^n ml ed the thay doi tU nang lue sd dang, thu ddng tdi nlng lUc bac cao mang tinh tu chu c l
nhan Vi vay, de xem xet nang luc eua mdt d nhin
nao dd, chung ta khdng ehi nham tim ra ea nhan dd
cd nhOfng thanh td nlng lUc nao ma cdn phai chi ra mufc dd cua nhUng nang lUc do Dinh cao nhat eua
nang luc II d nhan cd kha nang tU chu eao trong
mpi hoat ddng
- Nang lUc duge hinh thanh v l cli thien li^n tuc
trong suot cupe ddi con ngudi vi sU phIt trien nang lUe ve thue chat II llm thay doi d u true nhan thOfc
Trang 2v l hanh ddng cCia d nhin ehCf khdng chi don thuin
la sU bo sung d e ming ki^n thUe rieng re Do dd,
nang luc cd the bj yeu hole mat dl neu nhu chung
khdng dUdc sCf dung tich cUc va thudng xuyen
- CIc thInh phan cua nang luc chung thudng
da dang vi chung dupe quyet ^nh tuy theo yeu
d u cua kinh te xa hdi va die di^m van hoi cDa
quoc gia, din tde va dia phUdng
1.2 Viic nghiin culi, xdc ittnh cac ndng luc cdn
phdt trien d hgc sinh dd dUOc nhieu to churc qu6c
tecung nhucdc quoc gia quan tdm
To chUc UNESCO dua ra d e tru edt v^ hpe t i p
cCia UNESCO: hoc de biet, hpc de lam, hpc de cung
chung sdng, hpc de tu khSng djnh minh
OECD da thUe hien mdt nghien cCfu bai bin ve
ele nlng lUe can dat eua hoe sinh pho thdng trong
thdi ki kinh te tri thUc v l da dUa ra khung nang luc
gdm 3 nhdm nang luc sau :
-I- CIc nlng lUc chCi chdt cho viec si!f dung d e
edng cu hieu qui (Cd khi nang sCf dung ngdn ngO,
bleu tupng v l elc van bin mot eleh tich eUc; Cd
khi nlng kiem soat kien thde v l thdng tin; Cd khi
nang su'dung edng nghd mdi mdt eleh phij hop)
+ Cac nang luc hanh ddng tuchu, sing tao (Cd
khi nang bio ve v l khang dinh quyen, Ipi ich, trieh
nhiem, nhu cau c l nhan v l nhung gidl han eho
phep; Cd khi nlng xly dUng v l thue hi^n ke hoach
d nhan va cle dUan; Cd khi nang hanh ddng hieu
qui trong dieu kien, holn d n h thay ddi)
+ Cac nlng lUc tuang tie trong cac nhdm xa hdi
khdng ddng nhat (Cd khi nang thiet lap quan he
*Vdi ngUiJi khIc; Cd khi nang hdp tic; Cd khi nlng
dieu chinh va hoi gili d e mau thuan)
Khung nly dupc van dung v l dieu chinh tuj'
thudc vao dieu kien kinh te- x l hdi v l vIn hoi cOa
mdi quoc gia thudc khol OECD
Trong chUdng trinh gilo due ph6 thdng cCia
mot sd nudc, khung eae nlng lUe chung/ chCi chdt
(key competencies) dupe xac dinh llm CP sd, tham
chieu cho viec xay dung chuong trinh Dudi dly II
mdtsovfdu:
a/ Chuong trinh gido due cua CHLB Dutc dUa ra
4 nhdm nang lUc chung can hinh thanh cho hpe
sinh,dd II: Ndng lUe chuyen mdn: khi nang hpc elc
ndi dung mdn hpc, cd kien thUc mdn hpc; Ndng lUc
phuang phdp: khi nlng hpc eleh thdc llm viec, cd
phUdng phIp hpc, lam v i ^ ; Ndng lucxd hdi: khi
nang giao tiep, ufng XLI; Ndng lucddnh gid
CIc nlng lUe nly dupe phIt trien qua hpe tip
d e mdn hpQ hoat ddng gilo due d nha trUdng Trong chudng trinh moi mdn hpe deu gdp phan phIt trien elc nang lUc chung nay, vi du trong mdn Vat lixledjnh bdn nhdm nang luc:
- Nlng luc chuyen mdn: Cle hien tUpng, khIi ni§m, nguyen If, djnh luat vlt If Phan chia thInh 4
ITnh vUe: nlng lupng; vat chiit; tUdng tic; d c hi
- Nlng luc phUdng phap: PhUdng phap quan
sat, thuc nghiem va d c phupng phap nghien cUu khie nhu stJ dung md hinh, (vi du: hpe sinh mo
t l hien tUpng v l tim ra nhOfng mdi quan he vat li da biet; hpc sinh lua chpn dO lieu v l thdng tin ti^ d c nguon khae nhau de thue hien va gili quyet van
de, kiem tra v l phln loai chung
- Nlng lUc giao ti^p: Phan tich va trao d6i thdng tin lien quan tdi mdn hpe (vt du : hpe sinh trao doi vdi nhau ve kien thUc vat li v l dng dung cua no bang eleh su'dung nhOfng ngdn ngUchuyen nglnh
v l cle the hien dac trung cCia mdn; hpc sinh phan biet giCfa su md t l nhOfng hien tUpng bIng ngdn ngd ddi song vdi ngdn ngOf chuyen nganh; )
- Nang luc dinh gia: Nhan ra va dinh gil ele
sU kien vat li trong ele tinh hudng/ bdi cinh khie nhau (vi du : hpe sinh chi ra trien vpng va glc^ han nhOfng vf du vlt li ddn glln dudi nhan quan vat ti trong nhUng tinh hudng trong va ngoai mdn hpc; hpc sinh so sinh va danh gil nhOfng gili phIp kT thuat men' tren elc khia canh vat If, kinh te, xa hpl
va sinh thIi)
Phdn bgc mite dd yeu cdu cOa cac ndng li/c
NSng luc chuy&n
NSng ILIC phuong phSp
Nang lire
Nang li/c d^nh giS
I Tai hi&n kien thiic
MdtSlai cac phuong phap chuyen bi§t
Limtheo
m l u dien td diotn/dc
Ap dung su ddnh giti c6
11 Van dung kien thtfc
Silf dung cic phuong phdp diuy&n biSt
Sijrdung hinh thiJc dien ta phit h^p
Knh luan nhOng ddnhgiddacd
III Ugnk^tvd
vin dung
ki^nthilc
Lua chon vdvdn
dung c&c
PP chuyen
b i ^ d ^ g i d j
q u y ^ v j n
Tuluachon cdchdl4ntd
vd sCrdung
nhCCng ddnh gid cOa bdn than
Trang 3b/ Chuong trinh gido due cda Bang Quebec
(Canada) xac ^ n h d e nang lUe xuyen suot chUdng
trinh gdm 4 nhdm va cd 9 nang luc:
- CIc nang lUe nhan thUe : sCf dung thdng tin ;
gill quyet van de; dUa ra ^ kien cd phe phan ; I p
dung sang tao
- CIc nang lUe ve phUdng phap: theo phUdng
phIp llm viec cd hieu q u i ; sd dung ICT
- Cac nang luc ca nhan v l x l hdi: xay dUng 6ae
trUng rieng eCia d nhin; hdp tic vdi nhOfng ngudi
khie
- Nang lUe lien quan tdi giao tiep: glao tiep mdt
eleh thfeh hpp
Trong day hpc khoa hpc, cong nghe, d c nang
lUe v^ khoa hpc, edng nghe dUde chu trpng phIt
trien la: Gill thfeh/ dua ra gill phIp eho ele van de
khoa hpc, edng nghe; Van dung kien thUc khoa hpc,
edng nghi; Glao tiep vdi ngdn ngCf su" dung trong
khoa hpc, cong nghe Qua dd, gdp phan phIt trien
d c nang lUc chung nhU nlng lUc gili quyet van de,
nang lUe giao tlep,
c/Chuong trinh gido due New Zealand
TCf nam 2000, Bd Gilo due New Zealand da tien
hanh cli td gilo due phd thdng, trUde tien bang
viec xay dUng chUdng trinh dua tr^n tiep can "dUa
vIo nlng lUc" Khung nang lUc dUdc dUa ra gom:
Cd hi^u biet day du ve bin sic ea nhan; Cd trIeh
nhiem vdi bin thin, cd niem tin va ddng cP dung
din; Hieu v l ph^ phan d c hien tUpng cCia the gidl
xung quanh, lay dd llm cd sdde ra quyet dinh trong
eude sdng; Trinh bay tdt y kien v l quan diem trude
nhiiu ngudi; Tham gia v l ddng gdp hieu qui eho
cupe sdng (gia dinh, cong ddng, nha trUdng )
d/ d Viit Nam, nhUhg yeu cdu ve phdt trien
ndng lUc edng dd 6UOc the hiin trong Luat Gido
due
Lult Gilo due (nIm 2005), Dieu 27 neu: "Muc
tiiu cOa gido due pho thdng Id giup hgc sinh phdt
trien todn diin ve dgo dde, tri tue, the chdt, thdm mi
vd edc kindng ca bdn, phdt trien ndng lUe cd nhdn,
tinh ndng ddng vd sdng tgo, hinh thdnh nhdn each
eon ngudi Viit Nam xd hdi chu nghia, xay dung tu
edeh vd trdch nhiem edng ddn; ehudn bicho hgc sinh
tiep tuc hgc ten hade di vda eude sdng Iao dgng, tham
giaxdydungvdbdoveT6qudc".Ttongehuangtf\nh
giao due phd thong, dc muc tieu, yeu d u ndi tren
cung duac de cIp Tuy nhien, cle nang lUc dUa ra
d giai doan xac dinh muc tieu ciia gilo due pho
thdng hay cua tdng d p hpc cdn chung, chua cu
the Day cung la mdt nguyen nhin dan tcrt viec the hien dinh hUdng phIt trien d c nlng luc khi xay
dung chUdng trinh d c mdn hpe eon han che [chua
ddng deu giUa elc mdn, )
Ngoai d e nang lUe chung nhu d l ndi d tren, trong chuong trinh gilo due cdn cd nang luc rieng biet mdn hpc (lien quan tdi kien thUc, kT nlng mdn
hpe) hole ele nlng luc chuyen blit lien quan tdi
mot nghe nIo dd (vi du van hanh mdt loai mIy)
2 Ve chUtfng trinh theo djnh hUcmg phat
trien nang lUc ngifcri hpc (chuc^g trinh dua vdo ndng luc vd chuong trinh dUa vdo ndi dung
Tuy theo dch tlep can phIt trien chuong trinh, ngUdi ta cd the phan chia thInh chuong trinh dUa vIo nlng lUe (competency based curriculum) v l chuong trinh dua vao ndi dung (content-based curriculum):
- Vdi chuong trinh dUa vdo ndi dung:
Chuong trinh dUdcxIydUng tren cdsdcho ring
ed mdt sd kien thOfe van hda xa hdi, (chang han nhucCia d c khoa hpe bd mdn nhu toan hpc, vat li, dja li, ) ml tat el mpi ngudi can biet ChUdng trinh dupc thiet kede cung c^p nhCfng kien thUedd Viec xay dUng chUdng trinh bit dau vdi viec phln tich dupc dua vIo hay khdng dUpc dua vao
Chuong trinh dupe hieu nhU la mdt" sin pham"ehUa ele npi dung can chuyen giao cho hpc sinh, md t l npl dung giao vien can day eho hpe
sinh Kien thUe thudng duge trinh bay theo tCfng
khdi rieng biet (theo d c khoa hpc bp mdn); va gil dinh ring khi hpc sinh nIm vC^g tC/ng bd phln rieng biet thi hp se nam dupe tong the
- Vdi chuong trinh theo dinh hudng ndng lUc:
Day la chUdng trinh ehu y tdi dau ra d n dat
Diem bit dau eua xay dung chUdng trinh II viec xlc dinh cac nang luc d n cho cupe sdng v l tham gia cd hieu qua trong x l hpl Ket qui hpe tap can dat II diem bat dau de xac djnh, lUa chpn, td ehUe elc kinh nghiem hpc tap ed nghTa
TiS quan niem nly, chuong trinh xlc djnh cle
nlng luc ngUdi hpe d n dat va d c nguyen tic de xlc djnh d c kieu "kinh nghiem" ml se giup hpc sinh dat dupc cle nlng lUe nay
Do vlec hinh thanh, phIt trien ele nlng luc ddi hdi su van dung phdi hpp elc kien thUc, kT nang, nen ehupng trinh chu y tdi tinh tong the, tdi ket hpp va tich hpp kien thOfc (cd the qua tich hpp mdn hpc, qua xay dung d c chO de hpc tap rdng gan vdi nhung van de thUe tien, } Ld glc khoa hpc bp
Trang 4mdn khdng phli II duy nhat chi phol viee td chUe
npi dung chupng trinh Ddng thdi khdng ehu trong
tdi viec cung d p nhieu kien thUe cCia cac khoa hpe
bp mdn ma ehu y lUa chpn, to chCi'c ele ndi dung
hpc tap mot dch hpp li, tao ea sd cho vlec phat
trien d c nang luc cho hpc sinh
3 Nhufng UU diem cua chucmg trinh theo
dinh hudng nang luc
- Chuong trinh xlc djnh mot eleh rd rang d e
nlng lUc d n thiet cho ngudi hpc (trong do cd nang
luc gill quyet van de thue tien, d c kt nlng sdng, tu
duy phe phln, tu duy sang tao, } v l ele bien phIp
(vlec to chufe chuong trinh, phuong phap day hpc,
) nhIm dat cac nlng luc Do vay, chUPng trinh
khdng ehi "day chCC (trang bj eho ngUdi hpe d c
kien thUe, kT nang elc mdn hpc) ml eon ehu trpng
tdi "day ngudi" Qua dd thuc hien tdt muc tiiu giao
due
- CIc nlng luc xuyen suot cac Idp/ cap hpc va
giOfa cie ITnh vuc hpe tap/ mdn hpc tao thuan Ipi
cho viee ke thUa, phat trien, gin ket (giOfa elc ITnh
vuc ndi dung hpc tap, cac bdi d n h hpc tip; giu'a
d e Idp/ d p hpe; ), giup eho viec hpe tap eua hpc
sinh cd nghTa, d c em phat tri^n tdt
- Do chtj trpng tdi yeu d u "dau ra"la ele nlng
luc d n dat nen trong chUdng trinh dua vao nang
luc, v'lie lua chpn ndi dung, dch thUc thue hien
("cle kinh nghiem hpc tap" eho hpe sinh) se linh
hoat, mem d^o hpn so vdi chuang trinh ma md t l
trude d c ndi dung can truyen dat cho hoe sinh Do
vly, ed dieu kien de dip dng nhu d u , d'liu ki&n da
dang cCia ngudi hpc, vung mien (thuc hien day hoc
phln hda; phln cap trong phIt trien, to chCfe thUe
hien chuang trinh)
- Gdp phan "gilm t l i " (do thUe hl^n tfeh hpp
elc mdn hpc; do khdng dat nang van de cung d p
nhieu kien thUc cac mdn hpe eho hpe sinh; )
- ChUCJng trinh dua vao nang luc quan tam sd
dung d c tinh hudng phUc hpp, tinh hudng thuc
tien trong day hoc; chu y tdi khi nlng hinh ddng
theo tinh huong Do vly, hpe sinh tham gia tfeh eUe
trong hpc tap va duge ten iuyen, phat trien nlng
luc gili quyet eae van de thue te cua cupe sdng
Hpe sinh nhan thay viee hpe mang lai Ipi ich va cd
y nghTa doi vdi eude sdng hien tai v l tUdng lai eua
ele em do dd se cd thIi dp tich eUc ddi vdi viec hpe
tap va tao cd sd eho hpe tap suot ddi
- De dat dupe ele muc tieu ndng cCia mdn hpe
cung nhu phIt trien cle nlng lUc chung cCia hpc
sinh (nhu llm viee nhdm, giao tiep, ) thi ddi hdi sCf
dung elc phucffig phap day hoe tich cUc Ldp hpc
-mnm
sinh ddng hon, hpc sinh tham gia tich eUc han, co
trIch nhiem hon ddi vdi vi^c hpc t i p eua hp,tutln hon, Vai trd eCia giao vien - ngudi ho trp va hUdng dan ngudi hpe hpc tap ed hieu qui - dupc de caa Glao vien dupe khuyen khich sing tao trong day hoc, lua chpn npi dung, sU dung da dang va linh hoat ele phuong phIp day hpe thich hop,
- Viic dinh gil ket qui hpc tap cCia hpc sinh chu
y den eae thanh td khie nhau eua nang luc (khdng
chi tap trung vao ghi nhd kien thUe).DInh gia quan tam tdi viec hpe sinh the hien nlng lUc nhuthe nao
d d c tinh hudng gin vdi thUe tiln Khdng ehi dinh gia ket qui dau ra ma cdn cl qua trinh di den ket qui dd Viee dinh gia nhu vay se thOc day vt^e hoc tap ed y nghTa cCia hpc sinh, thUc d^y sutl^n bd cua
e^e em
4 Mot so yeu cau trong phat triln chUdng trinh theo dinh hudng phat trien nang lUc ngu^ hoc
- Quan triet muc tieu gilo due - muc tieu phIt trien nang luc ngudi hpe
- Dim bio tinh khoa hpc va tfnh su pham:
+ Pham vi (dim bio tinh ed bin, pho thdng)
+ CIn ddi, toan dlen (dc ITnh vUc ndi dung; dc khfa canh eua nlng iuc)
-I-Hien dai, cap nhat
-I- Phu hdp (phu hpp vdi trinh dp phIt tri^n ngudi hpe; thiet thuc, gin vdi thUc tien Viet Nam)
- Ke thUa, phat trien, gin ket (dim bio sUtien
bp trong viec hpc tap, su phIt trien nang lUc eua ngudi hpe qua d c d p / Idp; tao cd sd cho hpe tip suot ddi; tao thuan Ipi eho viec chuyen doi giCfa cle trudng, d e pha trong gilo due; gan ket, tich hpp
d c ITnh vuc npi dung; elc khia canh eua nang lUc)
- Chat lupng eua cac tiep can day v l hpe (ddi hdi sutham gia tich cue cua ngudi hoc; chu y tdi sUkhIc
biet giUa eae ea nhan ngudi hpc; chu y tdi hpc tap
c l la qua trinh el nhan v l II qua trinh xa hdi; )
Dam bdo sU binh iting ve quyen loi trong hpc tap
- Dip Lftng yeu d u phat trien cOa tdng ddi tUpng
hpe sinh Mem deo, dap dng sUda dang cOa ngUdi hpc
- Dim bio tinh thong nhat (giufa ndi dung, phuong phap giao due, danh gil, v l muc tieu gilo due; )
- Dam bio tinh khi thi
Trang 5-DlpUngy^uduphlttrienbenvUng:Chuytdi
phIt trien nang luc hpc tap suot ddi; nang luc dap
Cing, thich nghi trong mdt xa hdi bien doi khdng
ngC/ng; nang lUccung chung sdng;
5 Mdt s6 van dung trong phdt trien
chUdng trinh giao due pho thong sau nam
2015
Nghien cUu chuang trinh cCia mdt sd nUdc cd
nen gilo due phIt trien cho thay, mac du cd su
khIc nhau trong viec xac djnh khung nang luc, cd
nhOfng d c h thOfc cu the khIc nhau trong phIt trien
chuemg trinh, nhung deu ed d c diem chung I I :
-Teit c l elc nudc deu ed suchu y tdi hinh thInh,
phIt trien nhCfng nlng luc, kT nang can cho hpc suot
ddi, eude sdng hing ngay, edng dan, eude song Iao
ddng - trong dd cd su chu trpng tdi elc nlng luc
chung (nhu nlng luc hpp tie, lam vi^c theo nhdm,
giao ti^p, tu duy phi phln, tU duy sing tao, gill
quyet van de, );
-Trong xlc djnh ndi dung, hudng dan day hpe
chu trpng tdi d e tinh hudng, boi d n h thUe tien (tU
nhlin van hda, x l hdi, );
- Quan t i m xlc dinh eae nlng lUc, kT nang
chung/ chu chdt v l d c ITnh vuc hpe tap/ mdn hpc
llm cd sd xay dung chUdng trinh;
Mac du d tren cd phan djnh hai loai chUdng
trinh : chUdng trinh dUa vIo ndi dung v l chuong
trinh dua vIo nlng lUe, trong thUe tien phat trien
chUdng trinh, thudng phli cd su ket hc^ cilia d
hai d c h tiep can tren CIch thUc ket hop eung ed
t h i khie nhau Kinh nghiem quoc te cung cho biet
de xay dUng mot chUPng trinh hieu qui thi khdng
the chi dua tren cdsd"mpt danh sleh"cac nlng luc
chung can phIt trien m l phli quan tam trang bj
mot vdn kien thUe dim bio tfnh toan dien Van de
II d chd c6 sU ket hdp hpp li (hieu qui, khdng khien
cUdng, ) va phCi hop vdi thuc tien cOa dat nudc
ChUdng trinh gilo due ph6 thdng hi^n hinh
cua Viet Nam, ben canh nhOfng uu diem thi cung
cdn nhCfng bat cap nhu cdn thien ve trang bj kien
thUc khoa hpc bd mdn; ehUa ehu trpng dung mUc
tdi viec r^n Iuyen phuong phap tU hpe, thUe hanh
v l Ong dung kiln thdc vIo thuc tien cho hpc sinh;
chua chu -y dOng mifc tdi hinh thInh v l phIt trien
d c nang lUc can thiet cho hpc sinh sdng trong x l
hdi hien dai ludn ludn biln ddng, die biet la eae
nang lUc nhin thu"c, nang luc sing tao, nlng lUc
gili quyet vln de, nang lUc hoat ddng x l hdi
Di hoi nhip vdi xu t h i chung, trong doi mcri
chuong trinh v l sach gilo khoa phd thdng sau
nam 2015, d Viet Nam, d n tiep can, nghien cuXi viec phIt trien chUdng trinh theo djnh hUdng phIt trien nang luc ngudi hpe ddng thdi van dung cho phu hpp vdi truyen thdng, die dilm ngudi hpc v l dieu kien cu the cOa nhl trudng, eua kinh te- xa hdi dat nude
ChUdng trinh gilo due pho thdng dupe xay
dung theo dch xuat phIt tU eae nlng lUe thiet yeu
ma mol HS can cd v l kit qui cudi eung phli dat cle nang lUe ay
- Trude het, tU ele co sd ve die ^em, su phIt
trien kinh te, van hda - xa hdi, ele gil trj, ; tCr vj tri, muc tieu gilo due phd thdng; dac dilm t i m sinh If ngudi hpc d n xlc djnh nhCfng ylu d u ve nang luc d n hinh thanh, phIt trien d ngUdi hpc de dap Ofng dupc yeu d u cupe sdng v l thInh edng trong tuong lai (edng din cd ich, ngUdi Iao ddng hieu qui, ) sau moi cap hpc va sau gilo due pho thdng Viec xac dinh d c nang lUe nay, ngoli d c nha giao duethi caned sutham gia rpng rlicCia nhieu doi tupng lien quan nhu nhOfng ngUc^ Iao ddng, sCf dung Iao ddng, d c nha hoat ddng chinh trj, xa hdi, phu huynh, bin thin hpc sinh, vdi phUdng thUe tham gia phD hpp
- Xlc i^nh (chuan) nang luc d n dat sau moi
d p hpc/ Idp hpc Xly dung phuong thOfc dinh gil phu hpp, cho phep xlc dinh/gilm sit dupe viec dat dupe nlng lUe
- Tren eP sd elc nang luc d n dat eung nhu tren cdsdxie djnh d c mdn hpc, ITnh vUc hpe tap de xly dung ehudng trinh Trong do can quan tam:
- QuIn triet cac ylu d u phIt trien nang lUe
trong chuong trinh moi mdn hpc
- Xly dUng ele chu de hpc tap rdng, xuyen mdn tao ed sd eho viec phIt trien ele nlng lUc cOa hpe sinh (Cac chu d l hpc tap rpng nly: giup hpe sinh lien he kien thUc mdn hpc vdi nhUng mdi quan t i m hing ngay, giup hilu hdn ve thuc te; gin nhCfng van de Idn ml the he tr^ phli ddi mat; trd thanh edng dan tich cUe eua dja phUdng, dat nude, toan
d u CIc chu de dap Ung nhu d u / sd thich da dang cua hpc sinh v l phln Inh yeu cau cCia x l hdi doi vdi giao due;Tao thuan Ipi eho sutfeh hop viee hpe tap
trong cac mdn hpc khae nhau, phIt trien nang lUc
giai quyet van de)
-ThUc hien day hpc phan hda, dap Ofng nhu d u phat trien nang luccl nhln,khuynh hudng sd thfeh
ca nhan hpc sinh Trong do, d d c Idp tren (Trung hpc ph6 thdng) d n glim bdt sd mdn hpe bat budc
va tang cUdng tU chpn
Trang 6-Tinh g i l m khdi lupng k i l n thUc.Tap trung v I o
nhOfng cd sd cho hpc tap suot ddi Tang eUcflig viee
giao due kl n l n g sdng eho hpe sinh
- Chu y tdi day hpc tich hpp Day manh day v l
hpc tfeh cue nham p h I t trien e l e nang luc cho hpc
sinh;Tang cudng cho hpe sinh thuc hanh, van dung
kien thu'c, kT n l n g v I o d c tinh hudng ed nghTa; Da
dang hda d c hoat ddng hpe tap; t i n g cudng cho
hpe sinh t i m tdi kham pha, nghien edu, thUe hien
d c d u an hpc tap tham gia d e hoat dong xa
hpl; day manh Ung dung cd hieu q u i edng nghe
t h d n g tin
- Trong p h I t t r i l n chUdng trinh: p h l n d p
manh hdn cho cd quan g i l o due dja phUdng v l
nha trudng trong viec xay dUng chuong trinh dia
phUdng Dong thdi can tap huan, bdi dUdng n l n g
cao nang luc thuc hien cho d c dja phUdng va nha
dung mdt sd"mau"de tham khIo
Da dang hda ve tai lieu day hpc: cd nhCfng t l i
lieu ho trp day hpc phu hpp vdi d e viing mien, ddi
tupng Mdt sd mdn hpe ed the ed mot so bp sleh
de n h l trudng lua chon phu hop vdi dieu kien thuc
Internet;
Trong quan li chUdng trinh, d n p h l n d p
manh hdn eho dja phuong; eho phep nha trudng
ehCi ddng, linh hoat hdn trong t o ehUe thUe hien
chUdng trinh
Chuan bj ddng bd, d i e biet la van de dpi ngu
f g i l o vien de dap Ofng dupc yeu d u doi mdi eua
chuong trinh
Tai lieu tham VhAo
1 International Bureau of Education Thedebate
on competencies, 2005
2 Chudng trlnh Gido due pho thdng eua Quebec
2005
3 l u o n g Viet Thai, Bdo edo Hoi thao Di tdi Phdt
trien chuang trlnh theo dinh hudng phdt trien ndng lUcngUdi hoc, 20^0
4 Muller W, Nghiin edu li ludn dgy vd hgc vat II
ngdynay,2009
5 Nguyen Thi Minh PhUdng, Bdo edo tong kit
De tdi Xay dUng khung ndng lue cua hgc sinh phS thdng Viet Nam,2009
6 Roegiers X, Cdeh tlep can theo ndng luc tgi
edc nude sddung tieng Phdp dChdu Phi - Mdt v l i xu
hudng, 2008
7 Tap chi so sdnh chUcmg trinh INCA
SUMMARY
This article addresses the curriculum development using capacity development approach In this article the author presents: 1/concepts of capacity, research
on needed capacities done by other countries and international organizations; 2/ learners' capacity centered curriculum development and content based curriculum; 3/ advantages of capacity-based curriculum; 4/ requirements for capacity-based curriculum
Tl/Tl/ONG
(Tlep theo trang 10}
phUdng phap v l tac phong d i n chCi tien bp theo
quan ^ I m Ho Chi Minh eho d n bd, g i l n g vien va
sinh vien, hpc sinh trUcmg minh
Ddn chu I I d i l u kien tien quyet de di d i n thdng
suot Hoc sinh d n p h l i thdng suot mp/vtJhde trong
sU hpc Can bp, g i l n g vien eung d n dupe thdng
suot nhCfng van d l ve t o chde q u I n ly, eua don vj
minh.De cho ddi tUong mlnh dupe thdng suot, n h l
q u I n li, g i l n g vien trude h i t p h l i ed e l l tam trong
s i n g , nhiet thanh, ed nang luc chuyen mdn gldi,
phuong p h I p tdt, quan he t o t v l m d t he t h o n g t o
chu'c q u I n If dan chu, cdi md
T A l L l | U T R f C H D A N
1 Hd Chf Minh, Todn tdp, tap I d i n tap VI xuat
b i n n I m 1995; Tap VII den tap XII xuat b i n n I m
1996, NXB Chfnh trj Quoc gia, H I Ndi
2 D i n g Cong s i n Viet Nam (2011), Vdn kien Dgi
hdi dgi bieu todn quoc Idn thdXI, NXB Chinh trj Quoc
gia Ha Npi
3 V6 V I n Lde (2011), Quan diem cua Chu tjch Hd
ChifiAinh veddn chu trong gido due, NXB Chinh trj
Qudegia, HaNpi
SUMMARY
Based upon President Ho Chi Minh's speeches the author has summarized his thinking on democracy in school management