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• KHOA HOC N H A N V A N • MOT SO GIAI PHAP NANG CAO CHAT LlTCJNG GIAO DUC TIEU HOC 6 MOT SO TINH MIEN NUI PHIA BAC N G U Y i N HUY PHONG ''''^ Torn tdt Thdng qua nhdn diin, ddnh gid nhiing thdnh tiiu dg[.]
• KHOA HOC N H A N V A N • MOT SO GIAI PHAP NANG CAO CHAT LlTCJNG GIAO DUC TIEU HOC MOT SO TINH MIEN NUI PHIA BAC N G U Y i N H U Y P H O N G '^ Torn tdt: Thdng qua nhdn diin, ddnh gid nhiing thdnh tiiu dgt diigc vd nhitng bdt cap, hgn che cdn khdc phuc d cdp tiiu hgc qua kkdo sdt d mpt sddia phUOng, bdi viit di xudt mgt sdgidi phdp nfiam ndng cao chdt liiOng gido due tiiu hgc, ditrin nhiing dia bdn kho khdn ndy co nkitng dong gop tich cUc, cilng cdc ngdnh, cdc cdp hgc trin cd nUdc thUc hiin tkdnk cdng c&ng cupe doi mdi cdn bdn, todn diin gido due ddo tgo nhii tink tkdn Nghi quyit Dgi hoi Bang todn qudc ldn thitXI dd dira Tit khoa.: Gido due tiiu hgc; miin nui phia Bac; ngdnh gido due; gido due ddo tgo Abstract: By identifying achievements and limitations in primary education in some northern provinces of Vietnam, the author proposed some interventions to improve the quality of primary education in these provinces in order to catch up with the educational innovation movement of the whole nation as stated in the resolution ofthe Vietnam Communist Party's 11th Congress Keywords: Primary education; north ofVietnam; education; training Ngdy nhdn bdi: 17/12/2016; Ngdy sda bdi: 18/01/2017; Ngdy duyit ddng bdi: 13/3/2017 Dfln n h a p T i l u hge la cfl'p hgc cd vai trd, vi tri quan trgng he thfl'ng giao due qude dfln, ndi giup tre h i n h thfinh nhflng tri vung cao cung dang phai ddi mat vdi n h i l u khd khan, thfieh thfle, e i n nhflng giai phap hflu hifiu, ddng bg de nfing eao eha't Ifldng cua cfl'p hge dflc bifit quan thfle d i u tifin ve cufie sd'ng DSi vdi ngflnh giao due dfio tao (GDDT) eae t i n h mifi'n nfli phia B i c , nhflng dieV kifin dge thfl v l dia hinh, lich stt, v a n hda, phong tuc tflp quan da ed nhflng tfic dgng, anh hudng t r e n ea h a i phUdng difn tieh cUe vfl tieu trgng De thfle Men ddi mdi cfin ban, toan difn giao due vfi dfio tgo giai dogn Men nay, khdng thfi khdng quan tfim d i n y l u td' giao due viing miln Ddi vdi nhiing tinh mifi'n nfli, viing sau, vflng xa vdi eUc ddi vdi sfl p h a t trien giao due ndi ehung va giao due tieu hge ndi rieng Giao due tieu hge d eae t i n h mifi'n nfli phia B i c nhflng n a m g i n day da dat dflde nhiin thfinh tttu vifie dgy ehfl, day ngudi, nhflng dac diem rifing ve d i l u kifn dia ly tfl nhien, kinh t l - xfl hgi, phong tue tfp quan da tae dgng va cM phdi manh me dfi'n mfii trUdng, ddi sd'ng gifio due, naTiCT ran dfln tri Tuy nhien, trUdc nhflng n a n g cao a a n i,ri X y ^ , ^^ s yeu e i u , ddi hoi mdi, giao due tieu hgc I ; " Vifin van hoa vS phat triln, Hoc vifn Chinh tri quoc gia H6 CM Minh; Email: tunglanil982@gmail.com Sdft-2017 NHAN LUC KHOA HQC XAHOI Q MOT SO GIAI P H A P NANG CAO C H X T L U Q N G G I A O DTJC T I ^ U H O C , dd cd giao due tieu hge Lfl mft cfl^p hgc dfie bifit quan trgng, giflo due tilu hge vung eao nhiing nflm q u a da cd n M l u e l ging, dgt duge n h i l u thfinh tieh tiong vific dgy ehfl - dgy ngfldi eho em ddng bfio cae dfln tde thieu sd' Tuy nMfin, bfin cgnh nhflng thflnh tflu d a t dflde, dp hgc nfly eung dang phai dfii difin vdi nhflng khd khfin, thfieh thfle k l ca tfl pMa ngfldi dgy Ifln ngfldi hge Trong khudn kho eua bfli vilt, ehflng tfii d l efp giflo due tieu hge viing eao qua khao sat d rafit sd' tinh nhfl Hfi Giang, Lfio Cai, Sdn La, Dien Bifin, Cao Bfing, tfl dd d l xuflt mfit sfi' giai phap nfing cao ehat lfldng gifio due tieu hge eua vflng (!ia bfin ed y ngMa cMen lUdc nfiy 2010; dang t i l n tdi phd cfip giflo due mam non eho tre tudi; eung edvfi nfing eao k i t qua xda mfl ehfl cho ngfldi ldn Cd hdi t i l p efin gifio due ed n M l u t i l n bd, nhfl^t lfi ddi vdi ddng bflo dfln tdc t M l u sd vfl cac ddi tfldng chinh sflch; cd b a n bao dam binh d i n g gidi giao due vfl dfio tao"'^* Trong Chiin li^ phdt triin gido due 2011-2020 eua T h u tfldng Chinh phu cflng da gM nhfln nhiing thfinh tflu dflng tfl hfio cua ngfinh: "Trong giai dogn 2001 - 2010, ty If hgc s m h tudi di hge tfing nhanh, dd mfiu giflo tudi tfing tfl 72% len 98%; tieu hge tfl 94% Ifin 97%; t n m g hge cd sd tfl 70% lfin 83%; trung hgc phd thdng tfl 33% lfin 50%; quy md dfio tao ThUc t r a n g g i a o d u e tifi^u h o c d n g h i tfing 3,08 l i n , t n m g cfi^p ehuyfin m o t so' t i n h m i l n n u i p h i a B a c nghifp tfing 2,69 l i n ; quy md giflo due dgi 1.1 Nhiing thdnh tUu dqt dUdc hge tfing 2,35 lin"''^ - Quy md trUdng ldp vd sdhgc sinh, gido Dfli vdi giflo due tieu hgc vung cao viin tiiu hgc khdng ngihig tdng, nhfliig nfim q u a da cd nhflng ddi thay, Trong nhflng nfim qua, thile Mfin chu chuyen bifi'n ro nfit v l quy mo phat triln trfldng, ehinh sfieh e u a Dang vfl Nhfl mgng lUdi trUdng hgc cac efi'p, v l sU gia nfldc, GDDT vung cao da ed n M l u c h u y i n tfing dfi n g u giao vifin cd trinh dfi Theo biln, khdi s i c d mgi e i p hgc, dd ed thfihg kfi v l t i n h hinh giflo due tieu hgc cfi^p tieu hgc Nhiing d i u tU v l ngudn lUc mfit sd tinh thflnh viflig nfli pMa Bic nhfin liie, tfii ehinh, cd sd vflt ebfi't da gdp mgt so nfira qua cho t h i y c i p hgc p h i n vfio sU phfit t r i l n quy mfi giao due nfiy lufin trt dUde sU I n dinh v l quy vdi hfi thdng trudng ldp ngfiy efing khang mfl phat trien trUdng ldp, ddi ngu can bf trang, hifn dai; dfii ngfl nhfi giao ngfly giang dgy, d f c bift lfi nhflng gifio vien efing trudng thfinh, Idn raanh v l sfi' lUdng, ngUdi dfin tfie thieu sd khdng ngflng dUdc ebfi't lUdng bd sung theo eae nfim: Danh gia ehung v l nhiing thfinh tttu eua giao due sau hdn 15 nflm thUe Mfn Nghi quyet Trung Udng khda VIII (1996), Dang ta n h i n raanh: "Ca nUdc da hofln thfinh mue tieu xda mu chfl vfl efp giao due tilu hgc vao nfira 2000; phd cflp giao due t n m g hge cd sd vfio nflm [Q NHANLQC KHOA HQC X A H O I '" Dang C9n6 san Yi^t Nam (2013), Vdn liiin H^i nghi ldn thti 8, Ban chdp kdnk Trung Utmg kkoa XI vi d& mdi can ban, todn di$n gido due vd ddo tgo, Nxb Chinh tri qufii: gia, HU Nfii, tr.25 •^ Ngu6n;http://vanban.chinhphu.vn/portal/page/portaI/ chinhphu/hethongvanban?cla8sjd=2&mode=detail& document_id=160806 S$ 4-2017 NGUYEN HUY PHONG B a n g S o trtfdng ti^u hoc p h a n t h e o dia phiidng STT TinhyThanh Lao Cai Sdn La Ha Giang Dien Bi§n Cao Bang N a m 2013 241 282 193 173 243 N a m 2014 238 286 193 175 246 N a m 2015 231 289 197 176 246 B a n g S o g i a o vifin t i e u h o c t h u o c cac d a n t o e it ngifofi trifc t i e p g i a n g day t h e o dia phtfdng STT S Tinh/Thanh Lao Cai Sdn La Hk Giang Dien Bien Cao Bang N a m 2013 1744 3811 3721 2170 3988 N a m 2014 1917 4083 3630 2230 4028 N a m 2015 1983 4157 3723 2246 4047 Bang Sd' giao v i e n t i e u h o c trtfc tiSp g i a n g day p h S n t h e o dia phtfdng STT Tinh/Thanh hko Cai Sdn La H a Giang Dien Bien Cao Bang N a m 2013 6323 7322 6617 4806 4148 N a m 2014 6498 7690 6640 4699 4211 N a m 2015 6768 7620 6482 4729 4220 (Nguon; Niin gidm Thdhg ke nam 2013, 2014, 201S) Qua so lifiu thfi'ng ke tai ba bang tren co thfi' thay, quy mo giao due tieu hoc cac tinh viing mii phia Bac (vl sS' tnicfng 16p, giao vifin) lufin co chie'u hufing gia tSng, phat trien vfi" s6' lifgng mot s6 tinh nhu Lao Cai, so'tnl&ng tilu hoc nhflng nam trS lai day cfi giam nhflng chinh sach vfi" kfi' hoach hoa dfin so' gia iHnh, nhiing tac dong cua qua trinh thi hoa, nhiing sd giao vien tifi'u hoc lai tang, dam bao sU cfin dfi'i vl ty le giao vien trfin lfip, tao difiu kifin thuftn loi de dfi'i mfii, nang cao chit lUdng day va hoc Vfii nhflng chi'nh sach Uu tifin ve phat trie'n giao due tilu hgc cua Dang, Nha sf 4-2017 nif6c; sii quan tam, dau tu cua cac ctfp cac nganh; sil ddi mdi tU nhto thflc cua ngUcii dan v$ tam quan cua giao due dSi v6i tudng lai cua em minh, du bao nhiing nSm tiep theo, cSp tilu hoc sfi co nhOng sU thay ddi, phat triln theo chie~u hufing tich cUc, hifin dai, dap iing tfi't nhu cSu cua toan xa hfii - Ve chat li/ang day ud hoc khdng ngiing cai thiin Ciing vfii viec ddi mfii noi dung, chUdng trinh, phUdng phap giang day, kiem tra, danh gia, nhSi la viec ling dung mo hinh trUcing hoc VNEN, mot sfi' trUclng tilu hoc & cac tinh da thu dUdc nhflng ket qua kha N H A H LUC KHOA HQC X A H O ) Q ] MQT SO GIAI PHAP NANG CAO CHXT LCQNG GIAO DUG TIEU HOC quan: Thay ed dflde trai ngMfim mfit trudng dat chuan qudc gia, dd cd phfldng phfip giang day mdi; hoe sinh hflng trUdng tieu hoe dat c h u ^ qud'e gia mfle dd thfl vdi bfii giang, lfim ehu efie tinh hudng; 15 trfldng cd thU vifin ehudn"'** dfldc phat huy nang Ifle, tdehfi!t ca nhfin Vdi nganh gifio due tieu hoc H a Giang, Trong D l an Doi mdi can bdn todn nhflng nfim qua nhd sU quan tfim cua cae dien GDDT, phdt triin nguon nhdn lUc, e^p, cfic ngfinh, gifio due tidu hoe cung ed trgng tdm la ddo tqo nguon nhdn lUc chdt nhflng khdi sfie khdng ehi ve sU gia tfing luqng cao, giai dogn 2016-2020, Tinh uy quy mfi trudng ldp, ty IS hoe sinh din Lfio Cai nhfin dinh: "Cha!t Ifldng gifio due trudng ludn tri mfle dn dinh (tre 6-14 tofin dien da cd sU tifi'n bfi vflng chfie vfi rd tufi'i d i n trudng dat 98,5% dan sd dfi ret: Gia.o due m^m non, nbSit lfi mfiu giao tudi) Chilt lUdng gifio due clip t i l u hoc phat trien manh; gifio due t i l u hoc on khfing ngflng dUde nfing cao Theo bfio cao dinh v l sd lUdng, quy mfi, ebfi^t Mdng giao cua Sd GDDT Hfi Giang, tinh den due tofin difin dUdc nfing lfin rd rfit nhd 31/5/2016, tofin tinh cd 47 trfldng tieu hpc thUc M$n n h i l u mfi hinh giao due mdi dat chuan qud'c gia V I x i p loai hoe lfle cSip Gifio due dfin tfie cd n h i l u ehuyen b i l n tieu hoc nfim hoc 2015-2016: hoe lfle gidi tich cUc Phd efip giao dye tieu hoc; d^e 4,2%, khfi 29,7%, trung binh 61,6%, ylu bifit, nfim 2013 tinh Lao Cai dat chuan 4,5%, kem 0,7% (so vdi nfim hoe 2014-2015 phd efip giao due m£m non eho tre tl lfi khfi, gidi tfing 1,8%, ti lfi ylu, kfim tudi He thfi'ng trung tfim hoc t a p cdng giam l,0%)"t« ddng dUde eung efi' d 164/164 xfi, phudng, Cdn vdi giao due t i l u hoc t m h Difin thi tr^LU vdi khoang 60.000 Mdt ngUdi Bifin, mfie du cdn n M l u khd khfin v l kinh tham gia hoe tfip/nfim"'^* tfi', dilu kien dia Iy tU nMen khac ngM$t Rieng vdi gifio due tieu hoe d thfinh pho' nhiing vdi sfl nd lfle, quylt tfim cua cac Lfio Cai, CECP hoc nfiy eung ed nhilu ddng e^p cfic ngfinh, efip gifio due t i l u hoe dfi eo gdp quan Ifim nen t h a n h edng ehung nhflng chuyin b i l n tieh efle " c^p tilu cua gifio due tinh nha "Sfi' hoc sinh d i n hoe, cfic ed sd giao due da xay d\pig k l trudng ngfiy efing tfing, n a m hoc 1999- hoach gifio due theo dinh hfldng phat triln 2000 da huy dfing 99,1% hoc sinh nfing lflc hoe sinh; khdng cd tinh trang day tudi ldp, so hoc sinh tfl 5-14 tudi ldp them, hoe thfim dfii vdi hoc sinh tieu hoc; tfing 30% so vdi n a m hgc 1992 - 1993 Ty t r i l n khai ed hifiu qua vific day hoc ngoai 1| huy dong hoc sinh de'n trUdng bfie t i l u ngfl, t m hoe, cac chUdng trinh, dil fin doi hpe d^t 98% Nfim 1996 eae phudng cua mdi, phat trien giao due e^p tieu hoe gdp thi xfi hofin t h a n h phd cfip giao due t i l u p h a n tieh eUc vao vific doi mdi phfldng hoe Chfi't lUdng giao due dUde nfing len rd phap day hoc, nang eao ch^t Ifldng giao rfit, ty lfi tdt nghiep hang nfim dat tfl 8494% Tofin t h a n h p h d ed 20 trUdng tieu Cfing tfie d i u t u xay dUng trUdng ehu£n