NANG CAO HIEU QUA HOC TAP CAC MON LY LUAN CHINH TRI CUA SINH VIEN T R U 6 N G DAI HOC HAI PHONG B6 Thf Khanh Nguydt Khoa Ly ludn chinh tri Email nguyeldtk@dhhp edu vn Ngdy nhgn bdi 17/5/2017 Ngdy PB d[.]
NANG CAO HIEU QUA HOC TAP CAC MON LY LUAN CHINH TRI CUA SINH VIEN T R U N G DAI HOC HAI PHONG B6 Thf Khanh Nguydt Khoa Ly ludn chinh tri Email: nguyeldtk@dhhp.edu Ngdy nhgn bdi: 17/5/2017 Ngdy PB ddnh gid: 28/2/2018 Ngdy duyet ddng: 03/3/2018 TOM TAT Trong nhung nam qua, vide hgc tap ede mdn Ly luan ehinh tri cua sinh vien trudng Dai hge Hdi Phdng da dat dugc nhieu ket qua dang khich Id nhung ben canh dd cdn nhidu ban che, ket qud thi hdt bgc phdn chua eao Dd khdc phue tinh trang trdn, cac em sinh vien can ddi mdi phucmg phap hgc tap phu hgp vdi mdi trudng hgc tdp d bdc dai hgc, thyc su trd nhftng chu thd chu dOng ty hgc, ty nghidn eftu, chidm linh tri thiic Ly luan chinh tri Tir khda: Sinh vidn Dai hgc Hdi Phdng, ddi mdi phuong phap hgc tap eae mdn ly luan chinh trj IMPROVING THE LEARNING OUTCOMES IN POLITICAL EDUCATION SUBJECTS FOR THE SUDENTS AT HAI PHONG UNIVERSITY ABSTRACT Over the past years, the study of pohtical diseiplmes of students at Hai Phong University has achieved many encouraging resuUs However, there are still many lunitations, especially the results ofthe exara are not high To overcorae this problem, students need to umovate the leammg methods appropriate to the university learning environment to actually become the subjects of active self-study, self-research and political theory knowledge acquisition Keywords: Hai Phong University Students, irmovatmg the method of learning political theories I DAT VAN DE ^ :(• " ' w 11 - J Cuoi the ky XX, khoa hoc giao due *_ ' I.- *_ ^ w i u » * * • 1." cac nha truong tu tieu hoe den dai hoc ^, , ^ , ," ,; ' '.• da chuyen tu quan diera day hgc lay nguoi day lam trung tam" sang quan didm "Idy ngudi hgc ldm tiung tam" Day la mgt cugc each raang ITnh vyc giao dye, ma thuc 66 TRirdNG D^^I HQC HAI PHONG ^^^* ^^ chuydn tu chd Idy "vide day Iam trung tam" sang Idy "viec hgc lam tmng tdm" Khi ,, , ^o phuong phap hge tap cua ngudi hoc co T L , ^ ^ mot vai tro dac biet quan ' , ^gbi quyet Dai hdi Dang ldn thft IX neu rd: "Tidp tuc ndng cao chdt lugng giao due todn dien, ddi radi ndi dung, phuong phdp day vd bgc Phdt huy tinh thdn ddc lap suy nghT vd sdng tao cua hgc sinh, smh vien, de eao nang lyc tu bgc, ty hoan thien hgc vdn vd tay nghd"[4, tr 35] Vide hge d nudc ta ndi chung, d trudng Dai hgc Hdi Phdng ndi rieng dang cd nhung budc chuydn bidn manh me, vfta phan anh sy phu hgp vdi tridt ly giao dye the ky XXI, vua dap dng yeu cdu ma Chidn luge phdt tridn giao due 2001 - 2020 da xac dinh: mgi ngudi di hge, hge thudng xuyen sudt ddi; ca nudc trd mgt xa hgi hgc tap Vi the, nang lye ty hgc cua ngudi phai duge nang ldn manh me, nhd trudc bet biet "hgc each bgc", sinh vien phai ddi mdi phuong phap bgc tap phii hgp vdi mdi trudng hgc tap d bae dai hge, phai bidt each tu hgc, ty chiem ITnh tri thftc, trd nbftng chu the ndng ddng, tieh cyc, sang tao xu the rad cua hgi nhap II NOI DUNG Thyc trang viec hgc t^p cac mon Ly luan chinh tri cua sinh vien trvdng Dai hgc Hdi Phdng thdi gian qua Theo quy dinh cua Bd Gido due va Dao tao, cae mdn Ly ludn chinh tri Id nhihig mdn khoa hgc bdt huge ehuong trinh ddo tao tai cdc trudng dai hgc va cao ddng d nudc ta hidn Day Id nhftng mdn hge gdp phdn hinh thanh, bdi duong eho sinh vien thd gidi quan, phuong phdp ludn khoa hge; trang bi nhftng kidn thftc CO bdn vd tu tudng Hd Chi Minh, dudng ldi each raang eua Dang Cgng sdn Viet Nam; gdp phdn dinh hudng suy nghT, tinh cdm, niem tin, hdnh ddng dung ddn va hodn thidn nhan each cho thd hg tre Dd cap den cdc mdn khoa hgc Mae - Lenin, Hd Chf Minh nhan manh: Chu nghTa Mdc - Ldnin khdng phdi la nhung gido didu, khdng phai la kinh thdnh raa la kim chi nam cho hanh dgng Hge tdp ehu nghia Mac Ldnin khdng phdi Id thudc cdu, thuOc chft ma ndm lay tinh thdn vd todn bd phuong phap dd ftng xft vdi ngudi va thyc hanh tiong cdng tac thuc te Vi vdy, sinh vidn ddn ldp khdng chi tiep thu tri thftc thay truyen thy, ma qua nhirng kien thftc do, sinh viin phdi biet ddnh gid vd van dirng vdo thuc lien nhu the nao? De dat bigu qua, ngoai vdc nghe giang tren ldp sinh vien phai cd phucmg phap phu hgp de ty hgc, ty nghien cftu Ndi cdch khac, neu sinh vidn khdng nd lyc, phan dau tiong viec ty hgc thi vide day hgc cac mdn Ly luan ehinh tri khdng thd d^t dugc hieu qua nhu mong mudn, nhdt Id dieu kien dao tao theo he thdng tin chi hidn Trong nbiJng ndm qua, vide hgc tap cac mdn Ly ludn chinh tri cua sinh vien trudng Dai hgc Hdi Phdng da cd nhftng chuyen bien tich cyc; ngudi hgc da chu dgng tiep thu bai giang, tich cyc tuong tac vdi giang vien, the hien sang tao vide tiep nhan va xu Iy thdng tin, nang cao ndng luc tu duy, the bidn tinh thdn, trdch nhidm cua nhimg ngudi dang va se ddng vai trd tien phong viec xay dung vd bdo ve dat nudc, hudng ddn myc rieu ddn giau, nude manh, xa hgi ddn ehu, cdng bdng, vdn minh Didu dd dugc thd hidn sinh dgng qua ket qud hgc tap cua cdc em: nhidu em da dat tich cao cac ky thi hgc phdn Vi du, vdi hgc phdn Dudng ldi each mang cua Dang Cgng san TAP CHI KHOA H p c , S6 27, thang 3/2018 I 67 Viet Nam, dp dung hinh thuc thi "dd md", tinh trang quay cdp cua thi sinh hdu nhu khdng cdn, cac em da tich cyc hgc tap, didm thi cua cac em dugc eai tbign rd ret qua cdc ndm hgc (didra F chidm ty le rat thdp) Bang 1: Ket qud diem thi hgc ph^n Dvdng ldi cdch mang cua Dang Cgng sdn Vidt Nam cua sinh vien Dai hgc Khda 15, Khda 16 Kh«al5 Tpng so sinh vien 2320 Khoa 16 DiemF Tong so sinh vien DiemF 391 (16,85%) 1930 94(4,87%) (Ngudn: Phdng Khdo thi va ddm bdo chdt lugng - Tnrong Dgi hoc Hdi Phong) Ngodi vide hge tap cdc radn Ly luan Chuydn de diem cdp phd "Smh vidn chinh tri, sinh vien tiong trudng cdn tham gia trudng Dai hgc Hdi Phdng vdi nhiing cau thi kd chuydn ve Bac, thi tim hieu va hgc tap tu chuydn ve Bae" Sau gdn thang phat ddng da tudng, tdm guong dao dftc Hd Chi Mmh cd sy thara gia ciia ddng ddo cac lien chi doan Thanh doan td chftc Nara hgc 2014-2015, tryc thugc Trai qua vdng so khdo Ban td chftc sinh vien Dai hge Hdi Phdng tham gia Hgi thi dd chgn thi sinh vdo vdng chung khdo Tai Olympic cac mdn khoa hgc Mac - Lenin va tu vdng chung khao, tbdng qua nhung cdu chuyen tudng Hd Chi Minh vdi ten ggi "Anh sang soi dudng" Tmh tdi ngdy 30/3/2015 Doan trudng Dai hgc Hai Phdng da cd 2.761/3.250 sinh vien todn thdnh phd dang ki tham gia, dd, cd 1.287 sinh vien dugc tinh la "da thi"; thdnh lap cam ddng ve Bac, cae em da bay td tmh yeu, su kmh tigng vd bd bdn cua tudi tie tiudng Dai hgc Hdi Phdng ddi vdi Bdc Ban td chuc da trao I gidi nhat, gidi nlu, gidi ba va giai khuyen khich cho cac em ddi tuyen dy thi cym midn Bdc gom 07 smh Nhung bdn canh do, mgt bd phan vien tham gia thi vdng loai tai Hdi Duong khdng nhd sinh vidn thy dgng, khdng tu Ndm hgc 2015-2016, doan vidn sinh vien thara giac vide tiep can cac mon bgc nay; gia cude thi onlme "Tudi tie hge tap vd ldra cd tu tudng "hgc tu, hgc lech", vi vdy, theo tdra guong dao due Hd Chi Mmh" tft 29/3 thi tinh trang de giay trang, diem F, diem ddn 15/6/2016 Kdt qua: cd 373 smh vidn tham D khd phd bidn Didu dd thd hign qua kdt gia thi vdi 516 lugt thi, tmdng Dai hgc Hai qud khao sdt didm thi ldn hgc phdn Phdng Igt vdo top tmdng cd nhieu thi sinh Nhftng nguyen Iy co ban cua ehu nghTa thara gia nhat toan qudc cua Tudn Vdng 2; la Mac - Ldnin I khoa Cdng nghe thdng tin, tiong ID trudng toan qudc cd nhieu thi sinh khoa Ngoai ngft khoa 17 (dai didn eho sinh tham gia nhdt Nam hgc 2017-2018, dodn vien vidn khdi ky thuat, khoi cu nhan, khdi su sinh vien trudng Dai hge Hai Phdng tham gia pham cua trudng) 68 TRirCJNG DAI H p c HAI PHONG Bang 2: DiSm thi 19n hpc ph^n Nhihig nguyen ly co- ban c i a chii nghia Mac - Lenin I khoa C6ng nghe thong tin, khoa Ngoai ngir khoa 17 So lupng sinh vien Hpc phan Kh6i Tflng s6 I F D D+ C B- B A- A Nhiing nguyen Cir nhan ly CO ban cua C6ng nghe chu nghia Mac thong tin - LSninI 124 104 1 Nhiing nguyen Cur nhan ly CO ban cua Ngoai ngG chu nghia Mac - LeninI 336 181 29 61 33 16 Nhiing nguyen Su pham ly ca ban cua Ngoai ngir chil nghia Mac - LeninI 46 19 10 (Nguon: Phdng Khdo thi va dam bao chdt luvng - Tru&ng Dgi hoc Hdi Phong) Vdi ket qua khao sat tren, chung tdi nhdn thay kdt qud hgc tap hgc phan Nhung nguydn ly co bdn cua chu nghia Mac Ldnin I eua sinh vien cu nhdn Cdng nghe thdng tin rdt thdp: 104/124 sinh vien bi didra F (83,87%), chi cd 1/124 sinh vidn dat didm B- (0,81%) vd 1/124 sinh vidn dat didra B (0,81%), khdng cd sinh vien dat diem A-, A Trong tdng sd 336 sinh vien Cu nhan Ngoai ngu, kdt qua hgc tap hgc phdn Nhiing nguyen ly eo ban cua ehu nghia Mae - Lenin I cao hon so vdi sinh vien eft nhdn Cdng nghe thdng tin: 16/336 sinh vien dat didra B (4,76%»); da cd 8/336 sinh vien dat didm A(2,38%>) va 2/336 sinh vien dat didm A (0,6%), nhung vdn cdn 181/336 sinh vien hi didra F (53,87%) Ngay Su pham Ngoai ngft la ngdnh cd ddc tiiu sinh vien cham chi, tinh dinh hudng nghe nghiep cao nhung van cd 19/46 sinh vidn bi didm F (41,3%) Hgc phan Tu tudng Hd Chi Minh, kdt qua hgc tap cua sinh vien ciing edn nhidu ban chd Theo kdt qua khdo sat khdi su pham Ngoai ngft khda 16 cd 22/74 sinh vien bi diera F (ehiera 29,73%); tidp den khdi eft nhan Ngoai ngft khda 16 cd 93/261 sinh vidn bi diem F (ehiera 35,63%)); khdi cu nhdn Cdng nghe thdng tin khda 16 co 45/66 sinh vien hi didra F (ehiera 68,18%) Theo chung tdi, kdt qua hgc tap hgc phan Nhiing nguyen ly co ban cua chu nghia Mae - Lenin I va hgc phdn Tu tudng Hd Chi Minh ciia sinh vidn khdi ky thuat, khdi eft nhan va khdi su pham khoa 16 vd khda 17 chua cao la cac nguyen nhdn sau: TAP c m KHOA H p c , S5 27, thang 3/2018 I 69 Thir nhdt, cac mdn Ly ludn chinh tri Id nhftng radn khoa hgc mang tinh khdi qudt va trftu tugng hod cao, ndn mgt bO phan sinh vidn khdng hftng thu vdi cdc mdn hgc Cac em sinh vien vfta vdo tiirdng, ehua nhdn thuc dugc mdi tmdng hgc tap d bac d^i hge khac xa vdi mdi trudng hgc tap phd thdng trung hge: d dai hge khdng chi hgc cdc su kien hay hien tugng; khdng ebi hgc bidt, bgc hidu, hgc van dung, md cdn hgc each phan tich, hgc each tdng hgp, hgc each danh gia Ddc biet, cdc em phai cd phuong phap hge tap hieu qud (hgc cd kd hoach, hgc tich cyc, sang tao ), tu binh nang luc ty hgc sudt ddi Thu hai, hgc ky I nam hgc 2016-2017, cae khoa tiong trudng ndi chung, khoa Ly luan Chinh tri ndi rieng edn sft dyng phd bien hinh thftc thi truyen thdng, dd "ddng", sinh vien khdng dugc sft dung tai lidu thara khao thi, bat huge cdc em phai hgc thugc khdi lugng kidn thftc md thdy ed da tiang hi Vi vay, mgt bg phdn sinh vidn cd tu tudng hgc tu, hgc Idch, chd mong vdo sy may rui thi cu Mat khdc, vdi hinh thftc ddo tao tin chi, sd gid giang ly thuyet tidn ldp cd ban, de ddm bdo truyen thu du khdi lugng kidn thftc chuong trinh, gidng vidn chu yeu sft dung phuong phdp thuydt trinh chua kich thich dugc tinh tich cyc cua sinh vien, khdng ndm dugc thdng tin phan hdi tu phia ngudi hgc Thir ba, sinh vidn khdi ky thudt ndi chung, sinh vien eft nhan Cdng nghd thdng tin ndi ridng chu yeu la nam ndn sy cham chi, chin chu tiong hge tap edn nhidu ban che Cdc em nam bat vdn dd tidn ldp nhanh, nhung lai ngai ghi chep, vi vdy, ket thiic hgc phan nhieu era vd ghi khdng day du, khdng tu lara de cuong dn tap hgc phan, sinh tu tudng phd td dd cuong ciia ban Didu dd 70 TRlTOfNG D^I H p c HAI PHONG ddn ddn kidn thftc co ban bi "hdng", cdc em chua thdy dugc y nghTa khoa hgc eua mdn hgc, it cd nhu cdu tu tim tdi, kham pha, chiem ITnh tri thftc mdn hgc Tu thue trang kdt qua hge tap hgc phdn Nbftng nguyen Iy co ban cua chu nghia Mac Lenm I ciia smh vien tiirdng D^i hgc Hai Phong ndi chung, sinh vidn cdc khoa dugc khao sat ndi tren, chdng tdi nhan thdy mudn nang cao hieu qua hgc tap cac mdn Ly luan chinh tri, ddi hdi phdi ddi mdi manh me phuong phap giang day eua thdy va phucmg phap hge tap cua tid Theo chu tmong ciia trudng Dai hgc Hai Phdng, tft nam hgc 20162017, phuong thftc kidra tra, danh gid kdt qua ngudi hge se ehuyen raanh sang hudng thi "de md" Nhu vay, phdn tu tim tdi, van dyng sang tao cua sinh vien thi cac hgc phdn se chiem ty trgng diem sd cao tiong tdng sd didm bai thi Ddp ftng ydu cdu ddi mdi cdch thftc dd thi theo hudng "md" nham phdt huy tinh tieh cue sang tao eua ngudi hgc, eae thay cd gido tiong khoa Ly ludn ehinh tri phai thyc sy trd thdnh ngudi dinh hudng qud tiinh tu hge cua sinh vien tiong viec tiep c|in, chiem ITnh tri thuc ly luan mang tinh khai quat, truu tugng hod cao, bidn vide ty hgc cua cac em ttd thdi quen ty than Ty bgc d dai hgc la qua trinh n h ^ thftc mgt each chu ddng, tu giac, tich eye, tu luc vdi sy hudng dan gian tidp cua gidng vien nhdm dat duge muc dieh, nhidm vy eua qua ttinh day hgc Ty hgc ed vai tid vd cung quan ttgng ttong qud tiinh hgc tap d dai hgc, dac biet vdi cac mdn Ly luan chinh tri, ty hgc cdng cd y n ^ a hon, bdi vi eac mdn hgc ndy mang tmh trftu tiigng cao, lugng tii thftc vd tiidng tin nhidu, rOng, ludn bidn ddi Do do, sinh vidn chi nghe giang tren Idp la chua du ma phai kdt hgfp VOI qud trinh ty hge mgt each ti'ch cue, tu gidc, khoa bgc mdi ed thd lihh hdi mdt each sau sdc, toan didn va vdn dyng sang tao vdo tiiyc tidn cugc sdng Ty hgc duge td chftc tdt khdng nhiing cung cdp cho smh vien nhftng kidn tiiftc mdi, bd ich ma cdn giup cdc em rdt nhidu tiong cdng tae sau Qud trinh ty hgc se ren cho cdc em thdi quen dgc lap suy nghT, gidi quydt van de khd khdn ttong cdng ^fi%c,frongcugc sdng, qua giup cac em ty tin hon ttong mgi boat ddng Khi tu hgc, sinh vidn se dugc tidp can nhieu thudt ngft, nhidu each dk cap mgt vdn de, vi vay, cac em ttd ndn ndng dgng hon, ty chu hon viec tiep thu tri thftc phdi ty hinh cho minh nhu cau thudng xuyen hgc tap, ty tim tdi kidn thftc, ty nang cao hidu biet cua bdn thdn Hgc, col loi Id lu hge Id qud trinh phdt trien ngi tgi chu thi tir phdt hien vd bien doi minh, tu ldm phong phu gid tri ngu&i minh, bdng cdch thu nhdn, xu li thdng tin, lay lie mdi tru&ng sdng xung quanh minh Nhu vay, ty hgc khdng ehi Id mdt nhdn td quan tigng tiong vide ndng cao hidu qua ITnh hdi tri thftc, ma cdn gdp phdn quan tigng tiong viec hinh nhdn cdch ngudi hgc Sinh vidn cdn xera lai bdi hgc eiia budi trudc, sinh vidn ndm vftng kidn thftc da hgc se ITnh hgi ngi dung bai mdi tdt hon Vi dy d hgc phan Nhung nguyin ly ca bdn cua chu nghTa Mde - Lenin I sinh vidn ndm ehde khai nigra van dgng d bdi trudc, thi tim hieu khai niem phdt Pien, cdc era se hidu phdt triin Id mot phgm trii Piet hgc diing de chi qud trinh van dgng tiin lin tie thdp den cao tie dan gidn den phuc tgp, tie kem hodn thien den hodn thiin han cita su vdt Gidi phdp nhdm ndng cao hieu qud vifc hgc tap cdc mdn L;;^ ludn chinh tri cua sinh vien trvdng Dai hgc Hai Phong cua chil nghia Mdc - Lenin 11, ndu sinh vidn ndm De nang cao ndng lyc ty hgc nhdm dat kdt qud cao vide chiem ITnh tri thue eac mdn Ly Iuan ehinh tri, cac em sinh vidn cdn thyc hien eac khau sau: Vdi hgc phdn Nhimg nguyen ly ca bdn chac khai niem gia tri thang du, ty suat gja tri ttidng du (m' 2L X 100% ) da hgc d phdn II chuong V, thi tiep can khai nidra lgi nhudn, ty sudt Ioi nhudn ( p ^ x 100%) d phan * Chudn bigido trinh vd tdi U$u VI, cac em cd co sd de so sanh lgi nhudn vdi Trong qua tiinh hgc tap cdc mdn Ly luan chinh tii, 100% sinh vien phai cd giao tiinh, tai lieu cdn thidt (tdi lieu hudng ddn hge tap mdn hgc rad giang vien da cung cap td ddu hgc ky, cdc tai lieu tham khao, van kien Dai hdi Dang ) Ddy la nhftng cdng eu hgc tdp bdt huge, tidnh tinh tiang "hgc chay", thy dgng tiong chd vao bai gidng cua giang vidn gid tri thdng du, ty sudt lgi nhudn vdi ty suat * Chu&n b{ bdi m&i tru&c len l&p Hgc la hoat dgng nhan thftc tich cyc, ty gidc vd sang tao cua sinh vien Mdi sinh vidn gid tri thang du Kbi nghidn cftu ngi dung bdi mdi, nhftng van de khd hoac chua hieu, sinh vien ndn ghi chep Iai dd nghe gidng se ehu y hon vd neu bai giang chua giai thich ro cae em can trao ddi vdi thay bode ban Vide tu hgc cda sinh vien phdi la mdt qua trinh nghien ngdm didu minh hgc, lat Iai vdn dd, hinh nhiing thdc mdc, can hdi, di ddi vdi sy cd gdng ty tid ldi dd giai quydt tung khau tiong qua trinh nhan thftc Trong qud TAP CHI KHOA HpC, So 27, thang 3/2018 71 trinh nay, d nhftng phdn minh chua hidu ed thd tim thdy, tim ban, thn tai lieu, sft dung may tinh dd hdi, de tta eftu, thdm chi dd ddi thoai Cdt loi cua viic tu hgc cua sinh vien Id viic ren luyen phuang phdp lu duy, lu dgc lap, tu phdn tich, long hgp, tu phi phdn, sdng tgo Thdng thudng giang vidn khoa Ly ludn Chinh tri se cung cdp cho sinh vien he thdng cdu hdi de sinh vidn chuan bi bdi trudc ddn ldp Vi du, dya vdo he thdng cdu hdi ttong Tdi lieu hu&ng ddn hgc tap hge phan Nhiing nguyen ly ca bdn ciia chii nghia Mdc Lenin 11, sinh vidn ehu ddng tun hieu giao trinh va ghi chep cau tia ldi vao vd bdi tap Kbi tidp can cdc edu hdi lap tftc ttong tu cua cdc era se ndy sinh mau thuan va nhu edu giai quydt chung nhu: Vi hdng boa cd hai thude tinh la gid tri su dung va gid tri? Vi hang boa sftc lao dgng cd y nghTa to ldn tiong hgc thuyet gia tri thang du? Nhftng bidn phdp dd tang tdc chu chuyen cua tu bdn? Tai ndi Igi nhudn la hinh thftc bien tudng eua gid tii tb^ng du? Xudt khdu tii ban ed tdc ddng nhu the ndo ddi vdi cae nude nhdp khdu tu ban? Khi den ldp, cdc em hao hue duge trinh bdy phdn chudn bj cua minh, thdra ebi ed mong mudn dugc neu nhiing ttdn ttd, khdc mac ma ban than chua ty gidi quyet dugc Nhu can hgp tdc lam viec giua giang vien va sinh vidn dugc hinh Thdng qua bdi giang cua minh, gidng vien neu vdn dd, Idng nghe de xudt eua sinh vidn, cung sinh vien ly gidi nhung van de dd, nhd dd sinh vidn cd the nam chac dugc ngi dung bai hgc mdt each ty nhidn, thodi radi * Nghe gidng vd ghi chep trin l&p Tri thftc la vd tan, ngudi khdng thd hidu mgi sy vat hien tugng cua the gidi 72 TRUCfNG DAI HpC HAl PHONG khach quan Trdn gidng dudng, ttong radi tidt hgc, smh vidn tidp nhan radt lugng thdng tin kha Idn, nhung kha ndng tidp nhdn tbdng tm cua sinh vien ed gidi ban vd khdng ddng ddu giua cdc sinh vidn vdi Mudn bieu bet duac ngi dung bdi giang, sinh vien phai cd phucmg phdp nghe gidng khoa hgc vd kdt hgp vdi "hdi" Khi nghe giang: sinh vidn phdi boat ddng tu bet sftc tich cue, khan truang de ed the ndm duge nhftng vdn de gidng vien ggi md, trinh bdy Luc ndy, sinh vidn can lien he ngi dung bai ehuan b; cua minh vdi bdi giang cua gidng vien, xac dinh dugc kien thftc minh chudn bi da ehinh xac chua, neu cd nhung van de chua hieu, khdng ddu ddt, can trao ddi vdi thdy ed Khdng Tir timg dgy hgc trd hgc tap: Hge cho rgng, hdi cho ky phdn biin cho sdng td, ldm cho hit sue Kinh nghiem cho thay, hgc se dat bieu qud eao kdt hgp vdi "hdi" d day, sinh vien cd the ty hdi ban than va ty tim cau tid ldi, ed the hdi thay, hdi ban ndu ty minh chua tia ldi dugc Hgc khdng ehi hgc d thdy ed, ma edn hgc d ban be, hgc d nhftng ngudi xung quanh Vi dy, a hgc phdn Tu tudng Hd Chi Minh, sinh vien ed the ty ddt eau bdi va ty tira eau tta ldi: Tai sau nghien cftu cac eudc each mang xd hdi ldn ttdn the gidi, Bdc khdng lua chgn dudng each mang tu san, ma lai lya chgn dudng cdch mang vd san? Ghi chep ttdn ldp: Nghe gidng va ghi chep Id hai hoat ddng cung tidn hanh ddng thdi Theo cac nha tdra ly hgc, vide tidn hdnh ddng thdi hai loai boat dgng chi cd thd dat dugc kdt qud cao mdt ttong hai boat ddng da ttd nen thdnh thao ddn mdc gdn nhu tir ddng hda Cdch ghi chep ehi cd thd dat hieu qua neu sinh vidn tap trung sy chu y, theo doi sat tidn trinh bai giang eua tiidy va phai hidu bai Viec ghi lai bai gidng cd thd coi Id mgt nghd thudt, ludn thay ddi theo ddc tiimg tiing mdn bgc vd phong each gidng cua tinig gidng vien Ddi vdi cac mdn Ly luan chinh tri, bai ghi cua sinh vien phai chinh xac, dam bdo tinh khoa hgc va tinh logic eua cdc khdi nidm, nguyen ly, quy ludt, quan didra, luan eft Qua trinh nghe giang cd thd tdm tat nhung ndi dung cdt loi, nhftng vdn dd tigng tam, dac biet chu y nhftng vdn dd giao vien phdn tich dd ghi vao vd, cd thd dung but dd de danh ddu bode gach chdn * Ldm de cuang on tap hit hgc phan Mac du tien ldp sinh vien tich cue ddng ndo va ghi chep, nhung neu sau sinh vidn xdp vd ghi lai, dgi tdi ngdy dn thi mdi rad xem, rad khdng lam dd cuong dn tap theo dinh hudng edu hdi gidng vidn da cung cap theo tftng chuong thi vide tidp thu bai se dat hidu qua khdng cao Bdi vi, cdc radn Ly ludn chinh tri cd khdi lugng kien thftc rdng, mang tinh trftu tugng dugc tdng hgp tft nhidu ITnh vyc, ndn bdi giang cua giang vien trdn ldp chi mang tinh hudng ddn, ggi y chu khdng phai trinh bay hoan chinh, trgn ven vd ragt vdn dd, ddc biet dieu kien dao tao theo he thdng tin chi va ddnh gia ket qud hgc tap cua ngudi hge theo hudng "de rad" eua trudng Dai hgc Hdi Phdng hien Khi sft dyng he thdng ngan hang cdu hdi theo hudng "de md", ddi hdi sinh vien phdi ed su van dung sang tao tren ndn tdng kidn thuc co ban ma cdc thay cd da trang bi Dac bidt sinh vien can chu y nhftng vdn dd thuc tidn gdn vdi ndi dung bai gidng eua giang vien dd bd sung vdo de cuong dn tap eua muih Chinh nhftng vi du cua thuc tidn se la CO sd dd ngudi hge hieu dugc ban chat cua cac vdn de ly ludn md gidng vien dd dua Vi du: sau kdt thuc ehuong IV hgc phdn Nhirng nguyen ly ca bdn cita chii nghia Mdc - Linin II, sinh vien cdn ldm cau hdi dn tap bet chuong nhu: Phdn tich hai thugc linh cua hdng hod vd y nghia cua viec nghien cieu phgm Iru hdng hod ddi v&i hogt dgng sdn xudt, kinh doanh a nu&c ta hien nay? Ngoai phan Iy ludn da dugc tiang bi tren ldp, cac em can nit y nghia cua viec nghidn eftu pham trii hang hod ddi vdi hoat ddng sdn xudt, kinh doanh d nudc ta bidn nhu: + Hdng boa cd hai thugc tinh la gid tti su dyng va gia tri, ttong ngudi raua edn gia tri sft dung, cdn ngudi ban cdn gia tri Mudn ban dugc hang boa, cdc chu the san xuat, kinh doanh hang boa d nudc ta hien cdn phdi quan tdm ndng cao chat lugng hdng bod, djch vu, dam bdo cdc quyen lgi co bdn cua ngudi tieu dung ve gia tri su dung Gan day, van de vd sinh an toan thyc phdra, ngd dgc rugu dang gdy bdc xuc du luan xa hdi, ddi hdi ngudi sdn xudt phdi ndng cao dao due nghd nghiep cua minh -f- Muc dich cua nen kinh td hang hod la gid tri, la lgi nhudn, vi vdy cac ehu thd sdn xudt, kinh doanh hang boa thyc hien canh ttanh Idnh manh, khdng ngftng cai tidn ky thuat, ndng cao trinh tay nghd, thuc hdnh tiet kiem; ddi mdi hinh thftc, man ma, da dang hoa cac chdng Ioai hang boa; gid thdnh sdn pham dd ddra bao gid cd hgp Iy, dap ftng nhu eau ngdy cang eao cua xa hdi; xdy dyng thuong hidu uy tin CJ hgc phdn Tu tudng Hd Chi Minh, sau ket thuc mdi chuong, sinh vien can lien he Dang ta da van dung quan didm nhu thd nao tiong cdng eudc ddi mdi hien Qua dd, cdc em se quan triet dugc nguyen tdc ly luan gdn lidn vdi thyc tidn tiong hgc tap Tu tudng Hd Chi Minh TAP CHI KHOA HpC, S6 27, thang 3/2018 I 73 Vdi hgc phdn Dudng ldi each raang eua Ddng Cdng sdn Viet Nam, cdc em ed thd xdy dyng dd cuong dn tap theo "sadd tuduy" Cdc em khai qudt kidn tiiftc theo cdc giai doan lich sft Nhd sy kdt ndi giua cac nhanh, y tudng dugc lidn kdt, cae em se bao quat dugc pham vi kidn tilde sdu rgng Khi tbi kdt tiiuc bgc phdn, cac em cd the gjai quyet dugc nhirng van dd xuydn sudt nhidu chuong Ndu sau kdt thuc mdi chuong cda mdi hge phdn, cdc em sinh vidn chinh ly lai vd ghi, Iam dh cuong dn tap thi kidn thdc cdn "ndng hdi", vide van dung ly ludn vdo thuc tidn sdi ddng cua dat nudc se dat hidu qua eao, trudc thi bet hgc phan cac em chi cdn dn Iai dd cuong va hodn todn chu ddng ttong luc thi Vide ddi mdi each thftc hge tap cua sinh vien chi thyc sy dat hieu qud eao cd sy kdt hgp ehat chd vide hudng ddn, chi dao sat va sy kidm tra nghidm tuc eiia thdy Thay cd giao giao bai tap eho sinh vidn chuan bi, ddng thdi phai kiera tra sdn pham cua sinh vien, lay lam tieu chi de ddnh gia y thftc, thai chuyen cdn ciia sinh vien hgc tap Qud trinh ddi mdi raanh rae phuang phap giang day, kidm tra, danh gid cua thdy cd giao khoa Ly ludn Chinh tri va phuong phdp hgc tap cua sinh vien da duge hidn thye boa qua ket qud hgc tap bgc phan Nhiing nguyen ly ca bdn ciia chu nghia Mdc - Linin II va hgc phdn Tu tu&ng Hd Chi Minh: Bang 3: Diem thi lan hgc phan Nhihig nguyen ly cff ban cua chu nghia Mdc - Ldnin H khoa Cong nghe thong tin, Idioa Ngoai ngir khod 17 S^ Iirtfng sinh viln Hoc phan Khdi Tong so I F D D+ C B- B NhQng nguyen Cii nhan ly CO ban cua CSng nghe chu nghia Mac thong tin - Lenin 11 122 31 21 17 32 16 Nhimg nguyen Cunhan Iy CO ban cua Ngoai ngii chu nghTa Mac - Lenin II 332 72 10 54 137 27 21 Nhiing nguyen Supham ly ca ban cua Ngoai ngQ chu nghia Mac - Lenin II 45 20 A- A (Ngudn: Phdng Khdo thi vd ddm bdo chdt lucmg - Trudng Dai hoc Hdi Phdng) 74 I TRtfdNG D*I HQC HAI PHONG Qua kdt qua khdo sat trdn, chung tdi nhan thay ket qua hgc tdp hgc phdn Nhiing nguyen ly co ban cua chu nghTa Mdc - Lenin II cua sinh vien eft nhan Cdng nghe thdng tin dd cd sy cai thien dang kd so vdi hgc phan Nhung nguyen ly co ban cua chii nghia Mdc - Ldnin I: didm F tft 83,87% gidra xudng cdn 17,21%i; thay vdo dd la sd sinh vien dat didm C vd B Ket qua bgc tap hgc phdn Nhung nguyen Iy co bdn cua chu nghTa Mac - Lenin II cua sinh vien eft nhdn Ngoai ngu Cling bien ddi rd ret: didm F tft 53,87% gidm xudng cdn 3,01%) Dac bidt sinh vidn Su pham Ngoai ngft khoa 17 da phat huy dugc tinh nghd nghiep cua minh, sy chdra chi, cdn than cua cac era gido sinh da dugc minh chftng qua kdt qua hgc tap: khdng ed sinh vien bi diem F, chi cd sinh vien dat di6m D, chu yeu la sinh vien dat didm C va B (32/45 sinh vidn) chinh tri ndi rieng, eac mdn khoa hgc khac ndi chung, Trung t&m Thdng tin - Thu vien nha trudng can trang bi day dii giao trinh, van kien Dang, cac ngudn tai Ueu thara khao De khoi day nidm say me, yeu thich radn hgc, ngodi viec tich cue ddi mdi phuong phdp day hgc, hudng ddn, ebi dao sat vd sy kidm tra nghiem tuc eua ddi ngu cdc thdy cd gido khoa Ly luan chinh tri, cdn cd sy phdi kdt hgp gifta khoa chuyen mdn vdi cdc phdng, ban chftc nang, dac biet vdi Dodn trudng td chftc nhidu cugc thi, nhieu sdn chai bd ich eho ede em, nhdn rdng nhieu md hinh tien tien ma thdi gian qua cdc em da dat dugc KET LUAN Cac mdn Ly ludn chinh ttj gdp phdn quan tigng vide nang cao nhdn thftc, bdi dudng tinh cdm va niem tin cua sinh vien ddi vdi chu nghTa xa hdi, ddi vdi sy nghiep ddi mdi Ddng ta khdi xudng va lanh dao Tuy nhien, d bac dai hge, vide hgc tap cua sinh vien phan ldn la tu hgc Ty hgc va hgc sudt ddi Id radt ttong nhftng chia khod giup ngudi dap ftng duge ydu cdu eua radt the gidi dang bien ddi nhanh chdng Nhiem vu cua Nha trudng d^i hgc la tao thuan lgi cho qua trinh ty hgc ciia sinh vidn Vdi hge phan Tu tu&ng Ho Chi Minh ket qud hgc tap cua cdc em cung dd cd sy tidn bd rd ret qua eac ndm hgc (diem F chiem ty id rdt thdp): Theo ket qua khdo sat khdi su pham Ngoai ngft khda 17 khdng cd sinh vien bj diem F; khdi cu nhan Ngoai ngft khda 17 chi ed sinh vidn bi didm F (chiem 8,8%); khdi cu nhan Cdng nghe thdng tin khda 17 ed su cai thidn dang ke so vdi khda 16: tft 68,18% chi cdn 20,4% sinh vien bi diem F Qua day cho thay, sinh vien khdi ky thuat chu ydu la nam (khoa Xay dyng, khoa Dien Co, khoa Cdng nghd Thdng tin), nhung ndu cac em tich cyc, chu dgng ty tira tdi, khara pha, chidm ITnh tri thuc thi cac em vdn cd the dat duge kdt qua nhu mong mudn d tat cd cdc mdn hgc Ly lu^n chinh tri Vdi sy chi dao sat cua Ban Giam hidu nhd trudng, cac thay cd giao khoa Ly luan chinh tri da ddi mdi phuong phdp day hgc theo hudng lay "ngudi hgc lam trung tdm" Ben canh dd, cac em sinh vidn trudng Dai hgc Hai Phdng cung da tich eye ddi mdi phuong phap hgc tap phu hgp vdi mdi tiirdng bgc tap d bdc dai hgc Vi vdy, bidu qud hgc tap cac radn Ly ludn chinh tri ciia ede em da ed nhftng chuyen bidn tich eye Ngodi ra, de tao dieu kien co sd vat chdt thudn lgi cho vigc hgc tap cdc mdn hgc Ly luan Viec ddi mdi phuong phdp hgc tap cac mdn ly ludn ehinh tri theo hudng phat huy T^P CHI KHOA H p c , So 27, thang 3/2018 | 75 tinh tich cyc, ty giac, chu ddng khdng chi suy nghT, gidi quydt nhung vdn dd khd khdn giup eae em sinh vien ttd chft thd ty ttong cdng vi^c, ttong cugc sdng, cac em sd chidra ITnh tii thuc mdn hgc, tim thay nhung ttd nhung chu nhdn ty tin, nang dgng, gia tri dich thyc cua mdn hgc, md cdn gdp sang tao gdp phdn vdo edng cugc xdy dyng phdn ren luyen cho cac em thdi quen ddc lap vd bao ve ddt nudc sau ndy TAI LIEU THAM KHAO Bd Giao due vd Dao tao (2001), Chien luge phdt Piin gido due din ndm 2020, Ha Ndi Bg Gido due va Dao tao (2015), Gido trinh Nhirng nguyin ly ca bdn cua chu nghia Mdc Lenin, Nxb Chinh tri qudc gia, Ha Ndi Bd Giao due vd Ddo tao (2015), Gido trinh Tu tu&ng Ho Chi Minh, Nxb Chinh tii qudc gia, Ha Ngi Ddng Cdng sdn Viet Nam (2001), Vdn kien Dgi hgi dgi bieu todn qudc ldn thie IX, Nxb Chinh tri qudc gia, Ha Ngi Le Vdn Giang (2001), Nhirng vdn di ea bdn cua khoa hgc gido dttc, Nxb Chinh tri Qudc gia Ha Ndi Ld Dftc Ngg (2005), Gido due dgi hgc - phirang phdp dgy hgc, Nxb Dai hgc Qudc gia, Hd Ndi Hd The Ngft (2001), Gido due hgc - Mgt so vdn de ly ludn vd thuc tiin, Nxb Dai hgc Qudc gia, HaNgi 76 Nguydn Canh Todn (1997), Qud trinh dgy tu hgc, Nxb Giao dye, Hd Ndi TRITPNG D.^1 H p c HAI PHONG ... I eua sinh vien cu nhdn Cdng nghe thdng tin rdt thdp: 104/124 sinh vien bi didra F (83,87%), chi cd 1/124 sinh vidn dat didm B- (0,81%) vd 1/124 sinh vidn dat didra B (0,81%), khdng cd sinh vien... tdng sd 336 sinh vien Cu nhan Ngoai ngu, kdt qua hgc tap hgc phdn Nhiing nguyen ly eo ban cua ehu nghia Mae - Lenin I cao hon so vdi sinh vien eft nhdn Cdng nghe thdng tin: 16/336 sinh vien dat... (4,76%»); da cd 8/336 sinh vien dat didm A(2,38%>) va 2/336 sinh vien dat didm A (0,6%), nhung vdn cdn 181/336 sinh vien hi didra F (53,87%) Ngay Su pham Ngoai ngft la ngdnh cd ddc tiiu sinh vien cham