Kinhto • ̂ Uirlii Thyc trang di lam them cua sinh vien TriTorng Dai hoc Dong Thap^ HOANG THj ANH NGGYET* LE THI KIM TRIE a " Tom tat Thdng qua khdo sat 400 sinh vien dang theo hgc tqi TrUdng Dqi hgc D[.]
Kinhto • ^ Uirlii Thyc trang di lam them cua sinh vien TriTorng Dai hoc Dong Thap^ HOANG THj ANH NGGYET* LE THI KIM TRIE a " Tom tat Thdng qua khdo sat 400 sinh vien dang theo hgc tqi TrUdng Dqi hgc Dong Thdp, ke't qud nghien cdu cho thdy, phdn ldn (64,25%) sinh vien cda Trudng cd di ldm them thdi gian hgc tap Dong thdi, nghien cdu cung chi 07 nhdn tdtdc dgng tich cue de'n quye't dinh di ldm them cda sinh vien dd Id: khoa, ndm dang hgc, nai cU trd, thu nhap td gia dinh chu cdp, thdi gian rdnh, kinh nghiem ky ndng sd'ng vd ke't qud hgc tap Td ca sd do, nghien cdu da di xudt mdt sdkien nghi nhdm gidp cho viec ldm them cda sinh vien dugc cdi thien theo hudng tich cue Tuf khoa: sinh vien, quye't dinh di ldm them, Trudng Dqi hgc Dong Thdp Summary Through a survey of 400 students at Dong Thap University, the research indicates that the majority of them get a part-time job during their studies (registering 64.25%) At the same time, the study identifies seven factors that positively influence student's decision to work part-time, including: faculty, year of study, place of residence, allowance from family, free time, experience life skills and learning outcomes From those findings, a number of recommendations are proposed to assist students in their part-time jobs Keywords.' student, decision to get a part-time job, Dong Thap University ^ GlOfI THIEU Ben canh viec ngdi hpc tren ghe nha trffdng, rat nhieu sinh vien chpn each hoc thffc te' dd la lam them Theo dd, sinh vien chu ddng tim nhffng cdng viec ngoai gid hpc khdng chi de tang thu nhap ma cdn la cd hpi de tich liiy kinh nghiem, ap dung kien thffc da hpc vao thffc te, md rdng md'i quan he xa hdi, ren luyen ky nang sd'ng va kha nang giao tiep Vi vay, viec danh gia thffc trang lam them ciia sinh vien la cd sd thffc te' giup cho Trffdng Dai hpc Ddng Thap cd them can cff de hd trd cho sinh vien cd hoan canh khd khan vffa hpc, vffa lam them, ddng thdi giup cho cac sd, ban, nganh, doan the, cac doanh nghiep cd can cff de tuyen dung va bd tri viec lam them cho sinh vien cua Trffdng CO s d LY THUYET VA PHU'DNG PHAP NGHIEN CLTU Cgsdly thuyet Healy, O'Shea, Crook (1985) cho rang, sinh vien lam them d cac vi tri td't thi se cd diem trung binh hpc tap (GPAs) cao hdn va cd nhieu cd hdi tim viec lam td't hdn Viec lam ban thdi gian va dac biet la cac cdng viec ban thdi gian cd chat Iffdng cao, cd the thifc sif gdp phan vao sii phat trien nghe nghiep ciia sinh vien dai hpc sau trffdng Nghien cffu ciia tac gia Nguyin Pham Tuyet Anh, Chau Thi Le Duyen va Hoang Minh Tri (2012) sff dung phffdng phap thd'ng ke md ta, phan tieh ANOVA, kiem dinh T vdi mlu tffng cap, kiem dinh T vdi mSu dpc lap va phan tich bang cheo de kiem dinh gia thuye't ciia nghien cffu Ket qua nghien cffu cho tha'y, cac nhan td' anh hffdng de'n ke't qua hpc tap ciia sinh vien la "sd' gid di lam them", "loai cdng viec lam them" tac ddng, nhff: giam thdi gian tff hpc, *ThS., " T h S , Trtfdng Dai hoc Dong Thap I Email: hoangnguyet0707@gmail.com Ngdy nhan bdi: 28/10/2018; Ngdy phdn bien: 09/11/2018; Ngdy duyet ddng: 15/11/2018 'Bai viet h5 trd de tai nghien cuU khoa hpc cap cd scl SPD 2017.01.11 Economy and Forecast Review 129 i BANG 1: TAN DI LAM THEM COA SINH VIEN DAI HOC DONG T H A P SUAT TRCTCJNG Thtfc trang T i n s6' Ty I^ (%) Khong 150 37,5 Thinh thoang 172 43 Thtfdng xuyen 78 19,5 400 100 Tong BANG 2: CONG VIEC LAM THEM CQA SINH VIEN T i n s6' Vi§c lam Ty le (%) Gia sir 37 14,8 Nhan vien phue vu 85 34 Cong tac vien nghien cuM thi tnfdng 12 4,8 Phat td rdi, catalog 33 14,4 Nhan vien ban hang 28 10 Lam MC, PG, PB cho cac hoat dong promotion ciia doanh nghiep 10 Ttf kinh doanh online 20 Khac 25 10 Tong 250 100 Ngu6n: Ket qua tinh toan ctia tac gia anh hffdng den sffc khde tff dd lam ke't qua hpc tap bi giam sut Trong dd, nghien effu cua Vffdng Qud'c Duy va cdng sff (2015) su" dung phffdng phap phan tich hdi quy bang md hinh kinh te Iffdng Probit, Iffdng hai kha nang la di lam them va khdng di lam them ciia sinh vien Ket qua nghien effu chi rang, phan ldn sinh vien Trffdng Dai hpc Can Thd di lam them thdi gian hpc tap d Trffdng chie^m ty le kha cao vdi 50,3% Sinh vien di lam them vdi nhieu muc dich khac nhau, nhff: mudn tang cffdng cac ky nang mem can thiet, trai nghiem cdng viec Wc hpc tap, ren luyen tinh tff lap, kiem them thu nhap Nhffng da so sinh vien cho rang, viec di lam them la quan trpng Ddng thdi, nghien cffu ciing chi cac nhan to' tac ddng tich cffc de'n quyet dinh di lam them ciia sinh vien dd la: nam dang hpc, thu nhap, chi tieu, thdi gian ranh, kinh nghiem ky nang sd'ng va ket qua hpc tap Nguyin Xuan Long (2009) vdi de tai: "Nhu cau lam them cua sinh vien Trffdng Dai hpc Ngoai ngff Dai hpc Qud'c gia Ha Ndi: Thtfc trang va giai phap" Ket qua dieu tra cho tha'y, dai da so sinh vien cho rang, hp cd nhu cau di lam them va cac ly di lam them ciia sinh vien la "ren luyen chuyen mdn nghiep vu", "thff sffc vdi cuoc sdng", "tang thu nhap", "tan dung thdi gian ranh rdi", "mudn tff khang dinh minh", "md rdng giao tiep", "tim ed hdi viee lam trffdng" Ket qua nghien cffu cho tha'y, sinh vien di lam them 130 ludn d trang thai cang thang: cffdng lam viee va hpc tap ldn, it thdi gian nghi ngdi va nghien effu sau sac bai tap, dd anh hffdng de^n ket qua hpc tap va sffc khde hi giam sut Nghien cffu cua tac gia Nguyin Thi Nhff Y (2012) sii dyng phffdng phap phan tich bao gdm thd'ng ke md ta, kiem dinh T-test va Chi-Square de kiem dinh md'i quan he giffa cae yeu td' lien quan va nhu cau di lam them Ben canh dd, tac gia dung phffdng phap phan biet de tha'y sff khac biet ve thtfc trang nhu cau di lam them cua hai nhdm cd nhu cau va khdng cd nhu cau di lam them Qua ket qua dieu tra cho tha'y, cd 10 nhan td'anh hffdng den nhu cau di lam them ciia sinh vien Sau phan tich nhan to', tac gia gom nhdm lai dffdc nhdm nhan td' la: kinh nghiem, ky nang, chi tieu cua sinh vien va kenh thdng tin tim viec Tff cd sd ly thuyet tren, tac gia de xua't md hinh nghien cffu vdi ye^u td tac ddng den quyet dinh di lam them ciia sinh vien Trffdng Dai hpc Ddng Thap la: khoa, nam dang hpc, ndi cff tru, thu nhap tff gia dinh chu cap, thdi gian ranh, kinh nghiem - ky nang sdng va ket qua hpc tap PhUOngphdp nghien cdu Nghien cffu tien hanh phat 420 phieu dieu tra dd'i vdi sinh vien dang theo hpc tai Trffdng Dai hpc Ddng Thap de phan anh ve thffe trang di lam them ciia sinh vien Trffdng Ket qua thu ve 400 phieu hdp le de dffa vao phan tich Thdi gian khao sat tff thang 11/2017 den thang 01/2018 KET QUA NGHIEN CLfU Tan suat di ldm them cua sinh vien Bang cho tha'y, cd 62,5% sinh vien ffa ldi la cd di lam them thdi gian hpc tap d Trffdng Dieu cung de hieu vi sinh vien rat nang ddng, hp mudn hoc hdi them kinh nghiem ma lai cdn cd the tao thu nhap de giup dd gia dinh Ben canh dd, 37,5% so sinh vien khdng di lam them la do, gia dinh khdng cho phep, khdng co thdi gian hoac khdng mud'n anh hffdng den ket qua hpc tap Trong do, nguyen nhan dffdc lifa chpn nhieu nha't la sd anh hffdng den ket qua hpc tap Cdng viec ldm them cua sinh vien Bang the hien thff tff cdng viec lam them ma sinh vien Trffdng Dai hoc Ddng Thap ffa thich Cu the: sinli vien Iffa chpn nhieu nha't la nghe nhan vien Kinh te va Dif bao li phue vu chie'm 34%, tie'p dd la gia sff (14,8%), phat td rdi, catalog (13,2%) va nhan vien ban hang (11,2%) Ben canh do, cd mpt so' cdng viec it dffdc cac ban sinh vien Iffa chpn, nhff: tff kinh doanh (8%), lam MC, PG, PB cho cac boat ddng promotion eua doanh nghiep (4%), cdng tac vien nghien cffu thi trffdng (4,8%) va cac cdng viec khac (10%), nhff: giff xe, bao ve, quan trd chdi Tien cdng, thii lao di ldm them cda sinh vien Bang the hien tien cdng (thii lao) ma sinh vien nhan dffdc Sd' sinh vien nhan dffdc tien cdng (thu lao) d mffe < trieu ddng/thang chiem ty le cao nha't la 50% Hau he^t sinh vien dffdc khao sat chii yeu lam nhan vien phue vu So'tien cdng (thu lao) tff 1-3 trieu chiem ty le tffdng dd'i cao la 44% Ben canh dd, chi mdt sinh vien nhan dffdc so tien cdng (thii lao) cao > trieu ddng/thang vi nhffng cdng viec can cd nhieu kinh nghiem va mat nhieu thdi gian Cdc nhdn td dnh hUdng den quyet dinh di ldm them cda sinh vien Ket qua ffdc Iffdng tff Bang cho thay, CO he so' hdi quy tffdng ffng vdi bien doc lap (khoa, nam dang hpc, ndi cff tru, thu nhap tff gia dinh chu cap, thdi gian ranh, kinh nghiem ky nang sd'ng va ket qua hpc tap) cd y nghia thd'ng ke d cac mffe y nghia 1% va 5% Cu the: Khoa: bien mang da'u dffdng dung nhff ky vpng va cd y nghia d mffe 5% Nhffng sinh vien hpc d khoa ngoai sff pham di lam them nhieu hdn nhffng sinh vien sff pham Nhffng sinh vien ngoai stf pham se d l tim kiem dffdc cdng viec lam them phu hdp vdi chuyen nganh ciia minh, ddng thdi, nhffng sinh vien Cling can cd kinh nghiem va ky nang lam viec sau td't nghiep mdi cd the tim dffdc cdng viec td't Ndm dang hgc: vdi mffe y nghia 1%, he sd'ffdcIffdng am, nen bien nam dang hoc cd tac ddng ngffdc chieu vdi quyet dinh di lam them ciia sinh vien Trai vdi ky vpng, nhffng sinh vien nam va nam cd xu hffdng it di lam them so vdi sinh vien nam va nam Nguyen nhan la do, da sd sinh vien nam 1^ va nam cd chffdng trinh hpc tffdng ddi nhe hdn cac ban sinh vien nam cud'i Vi vay, bie'n nam dang hoc anh hffdng ngffdc chieu vdi quyet dinh di lam them Nai cU trd: vdi mffe y nghia 1%, he sd ffdc lffdng am, nen bie'n ndi cff tru cd Ecom and Forecast Review BANG 3: TIEN CONG, THU LAO DI LAM THEM CGA SINH VIEN Tiln cdng (thu lao) Tdn s6' Ty Id (%) < trieu/thang 125 50 1-3 trieu/thang 110 44 3-5 trieu/thang 14 5,6 > trieu/thang 0,4 250 100 Tong BANG 4: c A c N H A N TO ANH HtfdNG DEN QOYET DINH DI L A M THEM CGA SINH VIEN Bie'n so' XI X2 X3 X4 X5 X6 X7 X8 H§ s6' hoi quy Mu'c y nghTa Gidi tinh Khoa Nam dang hoc Ndi c\S tru Thu nhap Thdi gian ranh Kinh nghiem - ky nang song Ke't qua hoc tap Hang so So'quan sat Gia tri kiem dinh Chi binh phtfdng HesoR^ -0,346 0,860 -1,791 -1,606 -5,185 0,979 0,825 0,942 0,338 0,049 0,000 0,003 0.000 0.014 0.028 0.000 6,899 0,033 400 0,000 0,857 Nguon: Ket qua tinh toan cua tac gia tac ddng ngffdc chieu vdi quyet dinh di lam them cua sinh vien Trai vdi ky vpng, nhffng sinh vien cd ndi cff trii tff thi cd xu hffdng it di lam them so vdi sinh vien cd ndi cff tru tff ndng thdn Nguyen nhan la da sd' sinh vien xuat than tff ndng thdn thi cd thu nhap tff gia dinh tha'p, nen nhu cau di lam them cao hdn so vdi sinh vien cd ndi cff tru tff thi Vi vay, bien ndi cff trii anh hffdng ngffdc chieu vdi quye't dinh di lam them Thu nhap: vdi mffe y nghia %, he sdffdcIffdng am, nen bien thu nhap cd tac ddng ngffdc chieu vdi quyet dinh di lam them ciia sinh vien Trai vdi ky vpng, nhffng sinh vien cd thu nhap tff gia dinh chu cap cao cd xu hffdng it di lam them so vdi sinh vien cd mffe chu ca'p gia dinh tha'p Nguyen nhan la do, da sd sinh vien deu cd hoan canh gia dinh kha gia, nen muc dich chinh ciia viec di lam them khdng phai la vi thu nhap, ma la vi nhffng nguyen nhan khac Vi vay, bien thu nhap anh hffdng ngffdc chieu vdi quyet dinh di lam them Thdi gian rdnh: bie'n mang gia tri dffdng, dung nhff ky vpng ban dau va cd y nghia d mffe 5% Vdi chffdng trinh hpc theo tin chi, thdi gian len Idp ciia sinh vien dffdc rdt ngan Do dd, sinh vien se cd nhieu thdi gian ranh de nghien cffu va tff hpc Vi vay, nhffng sinh vien cd nhieu thdi gian ranh se di lam them nhieu hdn vi biet each quan ly td't quy thdi gian ctia minh Kinh nghiem ky ndng sdng: vdi mffe y nghia 5%, he sd'ffdcIffdng dffdng, nen bien kinh nghiem ky nang sd'ng cd tac ddng ciing chieu vdi quyet dinh di lam them ciia sinh vien Dung nhff ky vpng ban dau, nhffng 131 sinh vien can hpc hdi kinh nghiem ky nang sd'ng, thi di lam them nhieu hdn vi nhffng nha tuyen dung hien khdng chi yeu cau sinh vien phai cd nang life hpc tap td't, ma cdn ddi hdi sinh vien phai nang ddng, sang tao va cd nhieu kinh nghiem sd'ng de lam viec td't Ke't qud hgc tap: bien mang da'u dffdng va ed y nghia d mffe 1% Ket qua hpc tap la yeu td'quan trpng hang dau lam cho sinh vien phai can nhac that ky trffdc quyet dinh di lam them Dung vdi ky vpng, nhffng sinh vien cd ket qua hpc tap cao thi di lam them nhieu hdn, nhffng sinh vien cd ket qua hpc tap tha'p sd khdng cd nhieu thdi gian de hpc tap, nen da sd' quyet dinh khdng lam them de tap trung cho viec hpc Bien cdn lai md hinh la gidi tinh khdng cd y nghia ve mat thd'ng ke vdi mffe y nghia 10% KET LUAN VA MOT SO DE XUAT Ke't qua nghien cffu chi rang, sinh vien Trffdng Dai hpc Ddng Thap di lam them thdi gian hpc tap d Trffdng chiem ty le kha cao (64,25%) Sinh vien di lam them vdi nhieu cdng viec kha da dang va mffe Iffdng nhin chung la thap (dffdi trieu ddng) Dong thdi, nghien cffu cung chi 07 nhan td tac ddng tich cffc den quyet dinh di lam them cua sinh vien dd la: khoa, nam dang hpc, ndi cff tru, thu nhap, thdi gian ranh, kinh nghiem ky nang sdng va ket qua hpc tap Vi vay, de giup cho viec lam them cua sinh vien Trffdng Dai hpc Ddng Thap dffdc cai thien theo hffdng tich cffc, can thifc hien cd hieu qua mdt sd'van de nhff sau: Ddi vdi TrUdng Dqi hgc Dong Thdp Can lien ket vdi cac td chffc xa hdi lap cac md hinh, trung tam gidi thieu viec lam, trung tam tff van pham vi trffdng hpc Nha trffdng ngoai viec danh gia nang life sinh vien qua hpc tap, nghien cffu khoa hpc, hoat ddng xa hdi cung nen cd quy che khuyen khich sinh vien di lam them cung nhff cac cdng trinh, de an mang tinh thifc tiln cao Thanh lap cau lac bd hd trd sinh vien nghien cffu, xay dffng de an kinh doanh, hd trd viec lam, tff van va tim viec lam cho sinh vien To chffc hdi viec lam cho sinh vien, td chffc cac budi giao lffu giffa cac cffu sinh vien va sinh vien Trffdng ve kinh nghiem sd'ng cung nhff kinh nghiem de cdng cdng viec Doan, hoi nen td chffc cac chu de mang tinh thdi sif, td chffc Idp hpc cho sinh vien ve ky nang lam viec nhdm, ky nang ffng xff va giai quye't cae van de Nha trffdng cd the dffa cac quy dinh, nhff: sinh vien cd diem tieh luy trung binh tff 2,5 trd len, quy dinh so' gid di lam them tdi da cho 01 va 01 hpc ky Tang cffdng md'i quan he giffa sinh vien khoa Nha trffdng - doanh nghiep thdng qua viec Nha trffdng ket hdp vdi cac doanh nghiep viec dao tao, trau ddi ky nang cho sinh vien Doanh nghiep se cung cap thdng tin ve tuyen dung, yeu cau dd'i vdi cac ffng vien Ddi vdi gia dinh: Nen ung hd va khuye'n khich em minh di lam them de hpc hdi kinh nghiem thifc te, ren luyen tinh tff lap, giup sinh vien cam tha'y nang ddng va tff tin hdn giao tiep Ben canh dd, sinh vien khdng phai bi ap life ve tinh than che giau gia dinh de di lam them Hd trd va tff van cho em minh chpn cdng viec lam them phu hdp Ben canh dd, theo ddi, quan Iy va giup dd em minh gap rac rdi cdng viec Doi vdi sinh vien TrUdng Dqi hoc Dong Thdp: Phai len ke' hoach hpc tap, dat muc tieu cu the viec hoc tap cua minh va phan da'u cd' gang dat dffdc muc tieu dd Ddng thdi, can do'i thdi gian va sffc life, sap xep thdi khda bieu giffa viec hpc va di lam cho that hdp ly Thffdng thi sinh vien nen hpc tff 15-17 tin chi/hpc ky, thi cd the vffa hpc, vffa lam.Q TAI LIEU THAM KHAO Nguyin Thi Nhff Y (2012) Khdo sdt nhu cdu ldm them cda sinh vien, Luan van td't nghiep dai hpc, Trffdng Dai hpc Can Thd Nguyin Pham Tuyet Anh, Chau Thi Le Duyen va Hoang Minh Tri (2012) Tac ddng ciia viec lam them anh hffdng de'n ket qua hpc tap ciia sinh vien Trffdng Dai hpc Can Thd, Tap chi Khoa hoc Trudng Dqi hgc Can Tha, sd 26, trang 31 -40 Vffdng Qud'c Duy va cdng sff (2015) Xac dinh cac nhan td'anh hffdng den quye^t dinh di lam them cua sinh vien Trffdng Dai hoc Can Thd, Tap chi Khoa hgc Trudng Dai Iwc Can Tha, sd 40, trang 105-113 Nguyin Xuan Long (2009) Nhu cau lam them ciia sinh vien Trffdng Dai hpc Ngoai ngff: Thffc trang va giai phap, Tqp chi Tdm ly hgc, sd' Healy, O'Shea, Crook (1985) Relation of career attitudes to age and career progress during college Journal of Counseling Psychology, 32(2), 239-244 132 Kinh te \ a Duf bao ... them cda sinh vien Bang the hien tien cdng (thii lao) ma sinh vien nhan dffdc Sd'' sinh vien nhan dffdc tien cdng (thu lao) d mffe < trieu ddng/thang chiem ty le cao nha''t la 50% Hau he^t sinh vien... quyet dinh di lam them ciia sinh vien Trai vdi ky vpng, nhffng sinh vien nam va nam cd xu hffdng it di lam them so vdi sinh vien nam va nam Nguyen nhan la do, da sd sinh vien nam 1^ va nam cd... lam them cua sinh vien Trai vdi ky vpng, nhffng sinh vien cd ndi cff trii tff thi cd xu hffdng it di lam them so vdi sinh vien cd ndi cff tru tff ndng thdn Nguyen nhan la da sd'' sinh vien xuat