THÔNG TIN TÀI LIỆU
Dir BAO xu HirdNG TOAN CAU HOA • VA N H O N G TAG DONG DOI VOTI PHAT TRIEN XA HOI VA QUAN LY PHAT TRIEN XA HOI NGUYEN XUAN DUNG''' T he gidi dang tien vao giai doan phat trien mdi vdi nhdng bien doi rpng Idn, sau sdc va nhanh chong tren tat ca cac linh viic cua ddi song kinh te, chinh tri, van hoa, xa hpi va dae biet la khoa hpc va cong nghe Toan cau hoa va khu viic hoa noi len nhU mpt xu the' khach quan, dinh hUdng, ddn ddt qua trinh phat trien ciia the gidi, bdt nguon td sii phat trien ciia khoa hpc cong nghe vdi tU each la liic lUdng san xuat chii yeu, td tinh chat xa hpi hoa cua liic lUdng san xuat tren quy mo quo'c te Day la nhiing nhan td tao nhiing tinh huong rat kho dii bao Nhiing xu hudng phat trien mdi viia mang lai khong it Cd hpi, dong thdi lai dat nhieu thach thdc do'i vdi phat trien xa hpi va quan ly phat trien xa hpi cua cac quo'c gia va nen kinh te di sau, CO Viet Nam Phat trien xa hpi va quan ly phat trien xa hpi la mpt pham tru rpng vdi nhieu each hieu va tiep can nghien edu khac Theo cac nha kinh dien chu nghia Marx - Lenin, ngUdi viia la muc tieu, vda la dpng liic cua sU phat trien xa hpi, vai tro cua nhu cau va ldi ieh ngUdi dUdc xac dinh ndm he tho'ng dpng liic tao nen sii phat trien xa hpi Theo Cd quan chuyen trach ve phat trien xa hpi thupc Lien Hdp Quo'c thi khai niem phat trien xa hpi dUde xac dinh bao gom linh viic cd ban: 1) Xoa doi va tao viec lam; 2) Dich vu ho trd lien chinh phii va thiic hien; 3) Chinh sach kinh te - xa hpi va quan ly phat trien xa hpi; va 4) Hpi nhap xa hpi (Xem them: 7) "Va'n de quan ly sii phat trien xa hoi CO mpt tam quan trpng dae biet Sii phat trien xa hpi bdt dau bdng viec quan ly xa hpi Mpt xa hpi phat trien tot va lanh manh phu thupc chii yeu vao nangliic quan ly xa hpi do" (Xem them: 8) Trong d6, neu kinh te dUdc coi la nen tang va la yeu td hang dau cua sii phat trien xa hpi, thi phat trien xa hpi va quan ly phat trien xa hpi lien quan va phu thupc chat che vao kha nang, mdc dp phat trien va tang trudng kinh te cua xa hpi '*' TS., Giam doc, Tong bien tSp Nha xuat ban Khoa hoc xa V""' 10 Sii tang trUdng va phat trien kinh te ben vdng la cd sd chu yeu, la nen tang vat cha't tac dpng den phat trien xa hpi Noi each khac, sii phat trien xa hpi phai la sii phat trien toan dien, la'y phat trien kinh te lam cd sd de thuc day nhiing tien bp xa hpi Do do, phat trien xa hpi va quan ly phat trien xa hpi du la che dp xa hpi phat trien theo dinh hudng XHCN ciing khong the vUdt qua kha nang cho phep cua trinh dp phat trien kinh te, nhat la tinh trang phat trien khong deu cua nen kinh te Can nhan manh rang phat trien xa hpi va quan ly phat trien xa hpi cl Viet Nam giai doan hien nham thiic hien muc tieu "dan giau, nUdc manh, xa hpi cong bdng, dan chu va van minh", d6 cd ca'u xa hpi phai phii hdp vdi cd ca'u kinh te, thiic hien sii ket hdp hai hoa gida phat trien kinh te va phat trien xa hpi, tao dieu kien cho ngUdi phat huy het tiem nang lao dpng sang tao mpt xa hpi nhan van I DU bdo mfit so xu huding chu yeu cua todn cau hda Mpt nhiing dae trUng chu yeu cua xu hudng toan cau hoa kinh te la tii hoa thUdng mai-dich vu, vdi muc tieu xda bo cac rao can ve thue quan cung nhU phi thue quan, thu tue thUdng mai trd nen ddn gian va eang tho'ng nhat tren pham vi toan the gidi, tang cUdng viec trao doi hang hoa dich vu, von tien d^n tdi viec md rpng cd hpi tiep can den mpt thi trUdng the gidi tho'ng nhat Tinh toan cau cua hoat dpng thUdng mai the gidi mpt gia tang nhieu quoc gia tham gia vao hoat dpng Tii hoa tai chinh dang trd khau trpng tam cua toan cau hda kinh te va dang eang chi phdi manh me dpng thai phat trien ciia kinh Thdng tin Khoa hoc xa hdi sd 8.2010 te the gidi, dUdc coi la dae trUng noi bat chi phdi tien trinh tii hoa ve thUdng mai, dich vu va dau tU Nhd vay, cd hpi cho cac nen kinh te kem phat trien tiep can ddng vdn quo'c te trd nen de dang hdn, mc) rpng kha nang hpi nhap vao thi trUdng the gidi Gid day, boat dpng dau tu diin tren pham vi toan cau, trd tru dd mdi cho kinh te phat trien va tang trUdng Khoang each ve gia tang dau tu triic tiep nUdc ngoai va mau dich quo'c te binh quan hang nam dang thu hep lai Viec cac nen kinh te thiic hien kinh te thi trUdng - md ciia tham gia vao he tho'ng tai chinh la doi hoi b^t bupe, mac du qua trinh co ca ed may va de thUdng ton, cac quo'c gia va nen kinh te' can cd sii dieu chinh kip thdi va co do'i sach linh hoat vdi mpi bien doi cua nen tai chinh quo'c te Vdi sii da dang ve cap dp phat trien, sii khac biet ve dia - chinh tri, dia kinh te va van hoa, hang loat cac to chdc kinh te khu viic va quoc te da hinh va phat trien Cac to chdc la hien than cua xu hUdng tii hoa ve thUdng mai va dau tU quo'c te, co kha nang phoi hdp toan cau de ngan chan va khac phuc hau qua khung hoang, cac to chdc kinh te quoic te gid vai tro ciic ki quan trpng Dieu cho tha'y vai tro cua kinh te da dUdc nang cao hdn cac quan he qude te Tuy nhien, nhu cau phoi hdp quan ly toan cau tang len doi hdi co sii thay doi pham vi, chdc nang va ca'u true ciia cac to chdc cho phu hdp vdi nhdng bien dpng cua moi trUdng quo'c te bo'i canh toan cau hoa Trong nhdng nam gin day, thong qua viec c4t giam chi phi va nang cao tiem liic tai chinh, cong nghe - ky thuat , qua trinh sap nhap, hen ket cac By bao xu hirdng cong ty da quo'c gia dien manh me, nhat la cong nghiep, thUdng mai dich vu, tai chinh - ngan hang, tao cho chung sdc canh tranh va sdc manh chi phdi mdi tren quy mo toan cau Dae biet, kinh te tri thdc lam cho dien mao va cd cau nen kinh te the gidi thay doi mpt each sau sac, tao tien de cho sii phat trien manh me cua thUdng mai dich vu va thUdng mai dien td, chi phoi sau rpng cac tap doan xuyen quo'c gia va thuc day toe dp lUu chuyen nhanh cua cac dong von quo'c te NhUng moi quan he phdc tap gida cac cong ty, tgip doan da quo'c gia nen nhieu trUdng hdp, viec dii doan chieu hUdng cua cac moi quan he nliy trd nen kho khan hdn Viec phat trien len mpt trinh dp mdi ciia thi trUdng the gidi cd quan he vdi sii hinh va phat trien he tho'ng phan cong lao dpng qude te mdi, d i n tdi xu hudng tat yeu cua tap trung, chuyen mon hda san xua't va phan cong lao dpng tren pham vi toan cau, tao kha nang phat trien "rut ngan" va mang lai nhdng nguon liic ra't quan trpng, ra't can thiet td cac ngudn von, cong nghe mdi, md rpng thi trUdng va kinh nghiem quan ly cho mpi nen kinh te, nha't la do'i vdi cac nen kinh te dang phat trien Phan cong lao dpng quo'c te cd nhdng thay doi dang ke, td phan cong lao dpng truyen tho'ng diia tren quan he quo'c gia dang chuyen phan cong lao dpng quo'c te hien dai diia tren nguyen tac mang toan ciu Trong he tho'ng mdi nay, kha nang cdng nghe dang tr3 yeu to' quan trpng, cac hang rao kinh te gida cac nen kinh te tha'p xudng, mdc dp lien ket va tUdng thupc lln tang len Sii rang bupe phat trien lln nhU vay lam 11 cho ca cd hpi va thach thdc phat trien ddi vdi moi nen kinh te trd nen Idn hdn va mang nhdng sic thai mdi, nha't la do'i vdi nhdng nen kinh te k^m phat trien va di sau Day cung chinh la dieu kien de cung cd vi the cua minh neu biet gianh vi tri td'i Uu phan cong lao dpng quo'c te Phat trien thUdng mai dien td dat hang loat vd'n de cin giai quyet tren tat ca cac binh dien quoc te, quoc gia va doanh nghiep Nen kinh te tri thdc md dudng cho cac quo'c gia dang phdt trien kha nang tiep nhan cong nghe mdi, nha't la cong nghe thong tin nham dieu chinh mo thdc va cd ca'u kinh te, coi phat trien cong nghe thong tin la Uu tien hang d i u de hpi nhap vao nen kinh te quo'c te; thiic hien chien lUdc phdt trien rut ngin thdng qua cac hoat dpng tiep nhan chuyen giao cong nghe va ky nang quan ly Cac nganh mdi sd dung cong nghe cao va tinh vi nhU cong nghe san xua't p h i n mem vi tinh va vi xd ly dang thay the cac nganh cong nghiep cin nhieu lao dong, lao dpng gia re chiem ty le eang nhd tong chi phi cua nganh cdng nghiep ky thuat cao Dieu dang lam thay doi can ban cac linh viic cua ddi song xa hpi loai ngUdi, dUa the gidi tii ky nguyen "cdng nghiep dng khdi" sang ky nguyen kinh te tri thdc Toan c i u hoa tao sii canh tranh gay g i t va sinh van de that nghiep lam t r i m them cac van de xa hpi von da ra't nan giai d cdc quo'c gia cham phat trien hdn Do dae diem ciia thdi dai CO nhdng thay ddi Idn lao, trUdc het la sii phat trien vUdt bac ve khoa hpc cong nghe va sii gia to'c cua xu hudng toan cau hoa va hpi nhap kinh te quo'c te, diem khac biet ddng ke nhat hien 12 so vdi trUdc la canh tranh se eang gay gdt hdn khong chi d thi trUdng ngoai nUdc md ca d thi trUdng nude, dp md cda nen kinh te se manh hdn, rpng hdn, sii thupc lin gida cac nen kinh te se dam net hdn Nhdng xu hudng tren tac dpng ra't Idn den cac dinh hUdng phat trien kinh te - xa hpi cua moi quoc gia Sii phat trien cua nen kinh te co xu hUdng chuyen td chieu rpng sang chieu sau, the hien d trinh dp khoa hpc cong nghe eang cao cua cac doanh nghiep, d hieu qua kinh te - xa hpi va tdc dpng lan toa ma cac doanh nghiep mang lai ddi vdi nen kinh te Xu hudng toan cau hoa md cd hpi hdp tdc phat trien nhUng lai bao ham kha nang phu thupc vao he thong phan cong lao dpng quoc te Trong dieu kien toan ciu hoa, sii phu thupc vao cd cau quoc te la tat yeu Dieu cung ddn den viec thu hep pham vi vd quyen ldi cua cac quo'c gia vdi qua trinh phat trien kinh te - xa hpi cua dd't nUdc Tham gia vao he tho'ng phan cong lao dpng quo'c te cung CO nghia la cdc quoc gia se phu thupc, rang bupe l i n Khi tham gia vao he thong phan cong lao dpng quo'c te, cac quo'c gia khong nhdng chiu hau qua tac dpng day chuyen cac cha'n dpng kinh te, ma cdn giam kha nang kiem soat dieu chinh cac hoat dpng kinh te qud^c gia ca d t i m vi md lan vi mo Trong trUdng hdp khong kiem soat dUdc nguon liic, nhat la vo'n va cong nghe se lam giam tinh doc lap va chu dpng ke hoach tang trUdng cua da't nUdc, va mpt sd trUdng hdp nha nUdc phai thiic hien viec bao hp Ddi vdi qud^c gia phat trien nen kinh te thj trUdng thi viec phu thupc vao he thdng phan cong lao dpng quo'c te dUdi Thdng tin Khoa hoc xa hdi sd 8.2010 sU chi phdi cua cac cua cdng ty xuyen quo'c gia se d i n den nguy cd mdt on dinh cao hdn Trong mdi quan he khong chi ddn t h u i n la hdp tac canh tranh ve kinh te, ma cdn la van de chinh tri, va'n de y thdc he Mat khac, mpt quo'c gia cd ti le ngoai thUdng cao tdng gia tri thu nhap quo'c dan, ciing cd nghia bao ham kha ndng bat dn cao td ben ngoai dUa lai, anh hUdng den kha nang phat trien cua da't nUdc, nha't la nhdng khd khdn cd sii ba't dn cua nen kinh te Van de dat la nen kinh te ba't dn thi cung dong nghia vdi ba't dn qud trinh phat trien xa hpi va quan ly phat tri6n xa hpi, bdi tren thiic tien qua trinh phat trien kinh te va phat trien xa hpi luon CO moi quan he qua lai l i n Do do, cac quo'c gia c i n xac dinh mpt chien lUdc phat trien hdp ly, phu hdp vdi dinh hudng phdt trien dd't nUdc Viec tham gia vao qud trinh toan c i u hda t i t yeu dan den nhdng anh hudng khdng nho dd^i vdi phat trien kinh te, theo dd sii phat trien khdng hai hda gida tang trUdng kinh te va phat trien xa hpi se tac dpng triic tiep den van de quan ly phat trien xa hpi Nhu vay, cd the ndi xu hUdng toan ciu hda la mpt nhdng dpng liic quan trpng nha't thuc day kinh te the gidi phat trien manh the ky XXI, no khong chi ddi hoi tien hanh nhdng cai each sau rpng de ndng cao sdc canh tranh va hieu qua cua mdi nen kinh te, ma md nhiing thi trUdng mdi vd each thdc hoat dpng mdi cho tdng nen kinh te Toan ciu hda tao dieu kien cho cdc nen kinh te tan dung dUdc ldi the so sanh cua minh, thuc day sii phat trien kinh t e - xa hpi cua dat nUdc Du bao xu hirdng II Xu huding todn cau hod tdc dgng den phdt trien xa hdl vd qudn ly phdt trl^n xa hpi Xu hudng toan ciu hda khong phai bao gid cung mang lai ldi ieh nhU cho mpi quoc gia, nhat la phdt trien xa hpi va quan ly phat trien xa hpi, mpt sd trUdng hdp, chang nhdng khong thu hep dUdc nhdng ba't cong ma co nguy cd ddn den sii phdn ciic giau ngheo eang Idn trinh dp phat trien vi the chinh tri - kinh te cua moi qude gia, cung nhU khoang each phat trien gida cac quoc gia vdi Sii xam nhap lin gida cac quoc gia k6o theo ca nhdng khia canh tieu ciic cua kinh te thi trUdng the gidi tac dpng den moi quo'c gia, trUdc het do'i vdi san xuit hang hoa cua cac quoc gia va nen kinh te dang phdt trien San xuat nUdc se phai canh tranh ra't manh vdi cac cong ty da qude gia md p h i n Idn cac cong ty thupc ve cac nUdc phat trien Cdc quo'c gia va nen kinh te' dang phdt trien eang le thupc vao sii dn dinh cua nen kinh te the gidi, dae biet la ddi vdi cdc to' cd dp on dinh k6m nhu ludng vdn d i u tU, cac chi so' cua thi trUdng tai chinh, thi trUdng chdng khoan quoc te Hdn nda, hpi nhap vao nen kinh te the gidi cung c6 nghia la ldm giam tinh ddc lap cua tdng quo'c gia, nen kinh te viec hoach dinh chinh sdeh kinh te, thUdng mai, vi the, quo'c gia va cac nen kinh te sc phai chiu anh hudng nhieu hdn td cac yeu to' quoc te Di lien vdi sii tang thu nhap d nhdng ngUdi giau va nhdm nUdc gidu la sU giam thu nhap b cac quo'c gia ngheo (3 nUdc My nhiing thap ky vda qua tinh trang bat binh dang cung gia tang vdi sii gia tang cua toan ciu hod nen kinh te Tinh chung toan 13 xa hpi, vao nam 1959, 45% so' ca nhan va gia dinh giau nhat nUde My cd thu nhap bang 35% so' ca nhan va gia dinh CO thu nhap thap nhat, so^ tUdng dng cua nam 1989 la 4% va 51% (4, tr.108) Nhu vay, mdc dp phan hoa giau ngheo d cac quoc gia dang phat trien nhdng thap nien vda qua co p h i n gay gat hdn (trd mpt so' quoc gia d Ddng Nam A la nhdng quoc gia dUdc hudng ldi td toan ciu hoa cd nhdng chinh sdeh phat trien va hpi nhap hdp ly, cd tinh chien lUdc) O cdc quo'c gia dang phat trien, he so' Gini thap ky gin ddy deu Idn hdn 0,5, phan anh mdc b i t cong cao (9) Mdc dp bat binh dang d mpt so' qude gia va vung lanh thd cung dang md rpng gan lien vdi xu hudng cai cdch md cda, hpi nhap vao nen kinh te toan ciu Theo sd lieu thd'ng ke, nam 1994, 20% gia dinh ngheo nha't d Trung Quo'c chi chiem 4,17% tdng thu nhap, cdn 20% gia dinh giau nhat lai chiem 50,2% Sii chenh lech theo mpt sd nghien edu cho r i n g cdn cao hdn ca My Ban than sii phan hoa giau ngheo, sii gia tang bat cdng khdng phai chi gan vdi toan ciu hoa, ma nd cd ngudn gdc td ban chat cua che dp phan phd'i thu nhap Toan c i u hoa gdp p h i n lam sau sic hdn tinh trang phan hoa giau ngheo d chd nd dat cac cd nhan, cac quoc gia d nhdng ldi the, cd hpi khdng gio'ng Va dudi sii thao tung cua cdc qude gia tU ban phat trien cung vdi cac tap doan xuyen quo'c gia, vdi muc dich toi da hoa ldi nhudn gin vdi tdi thieu hoa lao dpng, da ddn tdi viec phan bd ldi ieh cua tang trUdng theo xu hUdng "td dUdi len tren" va ket qua ngUdi gidu eang dUdc ldi, eang giau, ngUdi ngheo eang bat ldi, eang ngheo (4, tr.113) Nhieu nghien ciiu da dat cau hoi r i n g phai chang 14 toan ciu hda eang tang thi the gidi eang phan hda? Dieu cung cho thay xu hudng toan ciu hda eang tang thi eang tac dpng manh me den phdt trien xa hpi va quan ly phat trien xa hpi d mdi quo'c gia tham gia vao qua trinh Do trinh dp va nang liic han che cung vdi yeu kem, lac hdu quan ly, hang hoa cua cac quo'c gia dang phat trien tat yeu se kem chat lUdng hdn san pham cdng loai cua cac quoc gia phat trien, ngoai nhu ciu cua cac quo'c gia dang phat trien cd the dUdc thoa man bdi cac loai hang hoa cd kha nang thay the ma thuan ldi hdn dUdc san xuat d cac nUdc phat trien Cho nen cdc quo'c gia va nen kinh te dang phat trien tham gia vao qua trinh toan ciu hoa se gap nhieu khd khan canh tranh Xu hudng todn ciu hoa tao dieu kien thuan ldi cho eon ngUdi tiep nhan cae ngudn thdng tin da chieu, gdp p h i n ndng cao nhan thdc, nang cao dan tri cung nhu y thdc ddn tpc Tuy nhien, xu hudng toan ciu hda cung gay mpt so^ van de nhU roi loan xa hpi, lam mat on dinh chinh tri Mat khac, viec md ciia quan he vdi the gidi ben ngoai lai luon ludn hi bi cdc the liic thu dich thiic hien mUu dd dien bien hod binh Co the noi, toan ciu hda x6t tren khia canh nao lam tang nguy cd ve dp an todn ddi vdi ddi song ngUdi tren nhieu phUdng dien kinh te, chinh tri, xa hpi, moi trUdng v a theo dd, phat trien xa hpi va quan ly phdt trien xa hpi cung cin dUdc nghien edu mpt each he thdng nhim giai quyet nhdng van de dat Nhu vay, cd the ndi rang xu hudng toan cau hoa tac dpng manh me den phat trien xa hpi vd quan ly phat trien xa hoi tren mot so^ van de cu the nhU: Thdng tm Khoa hpe xa hdi sd 8.2010 Tha nhat, toan ciu hda lam thay ddi tu va phUdng thdc dieu hanh, quan ly cua nha nUdc do'i vdi qua trinh phat trien xa hpi va quan ly phat trien xa hpi, bao gdm quan ly phat trien xa hpi cac linh viic: kinh te, chinh tri, van hda, moi trUdng, phat trien ngUdi Theo d6, khung khd phap ludt, he thdng chinh sach, nang liic quan ly sii phat trien phai theo dinh chuin vd kinh nghiem quo'c te de dieu chinh dinh hudng cai each nhdm thich dng vdi cac yeu ciu dat cua moi trUdng the che toan ciu Ve cd ban, nhd nUdc phai cd nhdng thay ddi ve vai trd ciia minh viec nam bat xu hudng phdt trien cua cac quo'c gia tren the gidi, bien tiem nang da't nUde dpng liic phat trien Mat khdc, nha nUdc xac dinh cd hpi Ilia chpn va dinh hUdng cho sii phdt trien kinh te - xa hpi lam eho cac cd hpi va Ilia chpn khdng loai trd lan Khi hpi nhap sau hdn vdo nen kinh te the gidi, nha nUde se phai diia nhieu hdn vdo hoat dpng hdp tac quo'c te, bdi qua trinh phat trien xa hpi cua mdi qude gia da mang tinh khu vUc v i qude te, nen chu trpng dieu hdnh cac van de phat trien xa hpi va quan ly phat trien xa hpi Thii: hai, toan ciu hda thdc diy qua trinh ddn chu va phap quyen hda nha nUdc - ddy la dieu kien de nha nutdc the hien dUdc vai trd, chdc nang quan ly cdc linh viic cua ddi so'ng xa hpi, phd'i hdp vdi cdc chu the khac de/va tao cac dieu kien thiic te de thich dng hieu qua hdn vdi toan c i u hda Dae biet, van de phat trien xa hpi trd mpt yeu td quan trpng, gin lien vdi tien trinh phat trien kinh te, vd cac v i n de nhU: giam ngheo, nang cao nang luc quan ly sii phat trien d cd sd, mdi Du bao xu hudng trUdng, viec lam va phat trien ngUdi Day chinh la nhiing yeu to' anh hUdng manh me do'i vdi cac quo'c gia viec tham gia vao qua trinh toan ciu hoa va hpi nhap kinh te quoc te, dUa da't nUdc phat trien mpt each ben vdng T/iJ? ba, toan ciu hda thiic chat la viec md rpng cd hpi de ngUdi dan cua moi qude gia cd the tiep can van minh nhan loai, thue day sii xich lai gin cua cdc dan tpc, gdp p h i n nang cao dan tri va sii tii khang dinh cua cac ddn tpc, cdc quo'c gia va mdi ngUdi, gop p h i n vao mpt the gidi "thoang nhat da dang" Noi cdch khac, cae nen van hoa giao thoa va chpn lpe nhdng gia tri phd bien gidp the gidi khdng chi tdng trudng, phat trien kinh te ma eang hUdng tdi sii phat trien toan dien cua ngUdi (1, tr.62) Ddy cung chinh la tien de cho sii phat trien kinh te - xa hpi ben vdng va theo dd anh hUdng khong nhd den phat trien xa hpi va quan ly phat trien xa hpi cua moi quo'c gia Td gdc dp ly thuyet cung nhU tren thiic te, sii canh tranh gida cac nen kinh te moi trUdng todn ciu hoa se tac dpng khdng nho den phdt trien cua nen kinh te Do vay cac nha hoach dinh chinh sach cua cac quo'c gia phai de cdc chinh sach, cd che cung nhU dieu chinh chien lUdc, chinh sach phat trien kinh te mpt each kip thdi va chinh xac Neu khong cd sii dieu tiet cua nha nUdc chic chin se anh hudng den sii phat trien xa hpi va quan ly phat trien xa hpi qua trinh phat trien dat nUdc Doi vdi Viet Nam, sau hdn 20 nam tien hanh cong cupc ddi mdi, nen kinh te da dat dUde sii dn dinh va cd mdc tang trUdng kha cao, tao mat bing mdi, 15 cao hdn dang ke so vdi trUdc doi mdi Cdc chi tieu phan anh khia canh cua sii phat trien kinh te'-xa hpi d i t nUdc, chat lUdng trinh dp cd cau nganh kinh te, nhdng dich chuyen ve cd ciu tich luy - tieu dung, xuat nhap khau, thu - chi ngan sach cd nhieu tien bp Mpt sd^ ngdnh, doanh nghiep dd b i t d i u CO sdc canh tranh nUdc doi vdi hang nhap ngoai va md rpng d i n thi trUdng xuat khau tiep thu cdng nghe quan ly va ky thuat mdi Xu hUdng md cda vd chu dpng hpi nhap kinh te quo'c te phat trien thdng qua viec tham gia cac td chdc hdp tac kinh te, thUdng mai khu viic va the gidi Vdi tU cdch la vien chinh thdc cua WTO, Viet Nam nang cao dUdc uy tin ciia minh khu viic va qude te, thuc day tang trUdng thUdng mai va d i u tU Cac doanh nghiep Viet Nam dUdc do'i xd cdng bing hdn va quyen ldi se dUdc bao dam hdn, gidp cho hang hda nUde ta de dang xam nhdp vao cac thi trUdng nhii My, chau Au, Nhat Ban Du r i n g cd nhieu khd khdn phde tap tac dpng cua xu hUdng todn c i u hoa nhu phai ddi mat vdi nhieu vd'n de tieu ciic sinh, cung vdi gia tang phan hoa giau ngheo, tinh trang t h i t nghiep cung tang nhanh , nhUng sii dn dinh va thd'ng n h i t ve chinh tri - xa hpi cua nUdc ta la mpt nhdn to' thuan ldi cd ban Nhu c i u tang trUdng nen kinh te la nhu ciu cap thiet va la muc tieu thd'ng n h i t cua toan xa hpi Chu trUdng ddi ngoai md rpng, da phUdng hda cac quan he ddi ngoai Moi trUdng the ehe tdng budc dUdc hinh va phat trien Ld mpt quo'c gia di sau, nUdc ta cd dieu kien rut dUdc nhdng bdi hpc cong va khong cong tren nhieu linh viic: tvf quan ly kinh te vi md den bao ve 16 moi trUdng sinh thai, gid gin ban sic van hoa dan tpc cua cac quoc gia di trUdc, dae biet la cua cac NIEs Dong A C6 the noi ddy la nhdng dieu kien quan trpng giup cho sii phat trien xa hpi va quan ly phat trien xa hpi d nUdc ta dat dUdc muc tieu de Trong thiic te phat trien cua moi quoc gia, van de phat trien xa hpi luon luon bien doi, phat sinh nhdng cai mdi, do cin co sii ket hdp mot each chat che va hai hoa gida phat trien xa hpi vdi quan ly phat trien xa hpi Theo do, Viet Nam can de cac chinh sdeh phd hdp nhim khai thac to'i da ldi the so sanh cua minh, ddng thdi cin co chinh sach va bien phap dung, chuyen doi mpt each cd ban cd cau kinh te nang ve nong nghiep sang cong nghiep hien dai, dich vu tien tien, tdng budc phat trien kinh te tri thdc Co chinh sach va bUdc di cu the nham han che toi da nhdng mat trai cua xu hudng phat trien hien nay, bdi trinh dp dan tri, ngudn nhan liic chUa dap dng dUdc nhdng thay ddi nhanh chong tren the gidi, t i t yeu se can trd sii phat trien xa hpi va quan ly phat trien xa hpi Hdn niia nhdng mat thuan ldi tiem nang co phat huy dUdc hay khong, CO trd hien thiic hay khong, phu thupc vao nhieu nhan to', CO viec khac phuc nhiing can trd yeu k6m ca ve mat chu quan va khach quan Dae biet, viec tiep tue ddi mdi hpat dpng quan ly nha nUdc do'i vdi toan bp nen kinh te, cdng nhU do^i vdi sii phat trien xa hpi va quan ly phat trien xa hpi trUdc nhUng thay doi nhanh chong cua xu hUdng toan ciu hda dang eang tac dpng manh me tdi mpi quo'c gia va dan tpc Tom lai, khong phai de dang va chl CO thuan ldi, nhUng viec tham gia Thdng tin Khoa hoc xa hdi sd 8.2010 vao qua trinh toan ciu hda la tat yeu do'i vdi mpi quo'c gia va nen kinh te, khong ke dang d vao trinh dp phat trien nao Day se la cd hpi de thiic hien nhanh qua trinh cai each nUdc, khic phuc tinh trang tut hau, n h i t la doi vdi cac quo'c gia va nen kinh te cham phat trien Nhin chung, cac quo'c gia deu Ilia chpn dUdng ldi kinh te md, chap nhan hpi nhap, nhUng chi qud'c gia nao CO chinh sach phd hdp (lp trinh, budc di va cac giai phdp hpi nhap) mdi co the thu dUdc ldi ieh mong ddi, giam thieu dUdc nhiing tac dpng tieu ciic Xu hudng doi hdi cac quo'c gia phai dii bao cac van de dat phat trien xa hpi va quan ly phdt trien xa hpi de td xdy diing va thiic thi chinh sach phat trien xa hpi va quan ly phat trien xa hpi mpt each phu hdp vdi luat phap vd thong le qud^c te TAI LIEU THAM KHAO Nguydn Xuan Thing (chu bien) Todn cau hoa kinh te va hpi nhap kinh te qude te do'i vdi tien trinh cdng nghiep hoa, hien dai hoa d Viet Nam H.: Khoa hpc xa hpi, 2007 LUu Liic Toan ciu hoa kinh te ldi thoat cua kinh te la d dau (ban dich tieng Viet) H.: Khoa hoc xa hdi, 2002 Nguyin Xudn Dung Mpt sd hudng day manh cong nghiep hien dai hoa d Viet Nam giai 2001-2010 H.: Khoa hoc xa 2002 dinh hoa, doan hpi, DUdng Phu Hiep, Vii Van Hd Toan ciu hoa kinh te H.: Khoa hoc xa hpi, 2001 (Xem tiep trang 51) fthhn thurc lai mdt so' ngudn tin tren Internet Vi du, npi dung so' hda vdn ludn sin cd doi vdi ngUdi Anh thong qua hinh thdc Iplayer r i t sdng tao cua BBC lai eang trd dieu khong the ddi vdi ngUdi Ddc NgUdi Na Uy da cd the truy cdp tnic tuyen mien phi 50.000 cuon sdeh co ban quyen thong qua sang kien Bookshelf cua nUdc ndy, nhUng de lam dUdc dieu dd hp bupe phai hien dien d Na Uy - chinh phu dang phai todn hda ddn tri gia 900.000 USD mdi nam cho tien ban quyen va khdng cd ke hoach trd cip cho nhdng ndi cdn lai tren the gidi Hdn nda, p h i n nhieu nhdng ngUdi len tieng ca ngdi nhdng anh tien phong tren Internet - nhU Google, Twitter, Facebook - lai Id cac cdng ty cua My, nhdng chu the md chinh phu cac nUdc khac dang eang lo ngai se trd thdnh nhdng diep vien chinh tri Cac chinh khach cua Trung Qud'c, Cuba, Iran va ca Thd Nhi Ky da chinh thdc ung hp cai gpi la "chu quyen to'i cao ddi vdi thdng tin" - mpt uyen ngd dung de 51 thay the cho cac dich vu cdc cdng ty Internet phUdng Tay cung cip vdi nhdng san phim rieng ban che hdn nhUng lai de kiem soat hdn, khien cho mang todn ciu (World Wide Web) eang hi pha vd nhieu phan doan Internet eua qude gia Ky nguyen cua sii pha vd va phdn manh Internet dang den gin Trong vdng hai thdp ky, Internet da khong lat dd dUdc nhdng ke doc tai cung nhu khdng xda bd dUdc cac dudng bien gidi Chic chin nd da khdng md mpt ky nguyen hdu chinh tri cho qud trinh hoach dinh chinh sach mpt each ly vd diia vao dd lieu Internet da diy nhanh va md rpng nhieu liic lutdng hien dang tdn tai va boat dpng tren khip the gidi, thUdng xuyen khien cho boat dpng chinh tri trd nen ndng hdn vd khd lUdng tnidc hdn Internet eang gidng nhU mpt phien ban ric rd'i cua the gidi thiic, vdi td't ca nhdng hda hen va hiem hpa cua nd, dd xa hpi ao ma tnidc day nhdng ngUdi say me Internet tdng dii bao dudng nhu eang trd nen xa vdi (Tiep theo trang 16) Hoang Chi Bao Phat trien xa hpi va quan ly phat trien xa hpi: quan niem, vd'n de, sii cin thiet cho Viet Nam va xac dinh logic nghien cdu Tap chi Thong tin Khoa hoc xd hpi, sd 12/2007 Nguyin Dinh Td'n Mpt sd v i n de ve phan t i n g xa hpi hdp thdc b Viet Nam hien Tap chi Thong tin Khoa hoc xd hoi, sd 7/2008 Bui Nhat Quang Cac md hinh phat trien xa hpi chau Au va sii cin thiet cua the che quan tri toan cau Tap chi Nghien ciiu Chdu Au, so"^ 12/ 2008 Bui Dinh Thanh Xa hpi hpc va chinh sach xa hpi H.: Khoa hoc xa hpi, 2004 Michael P Torado Kinh te hpc cho the gidi thd ba (sach dich) H.: Giao due, 1998 ... phat trien kinh t e - xa hpi cua dat nUdc Du bao xu hirdng II Xu huding todn cau hod tdc dgng den phdt trien xa hdl vd qudn ly phdt trl^n xa hpi Xu hudng toan ciu hda khong phai bao gid cung mang... hinh va phat trien he tho'ng phan cong lao dpng qude te mdi, d i n tdi xu hudng tat yeu cua tap trung, chuyen mon hda san xua't va phan cong lao dpng tren pham vi toan cau, tao kha nang phat trien... kinh te se dam net hdn Nhdng xu hudng tren tac dpng ra't Idn den cac dinh hUdng phat trien kinh te - xa hpi cua moi quoc gia Sii phat trien cua nen kinh te co xu hUdng chuyen td chieu rpng sang
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