NHimG VANDE CHUNG NJPHAT TRIEN XA HOI VA QUAN LY PHAT TRIEN XA HOI M T S VAN DELY LUAN PGS TS NGUYEN THA NGHIA ' / " ^ ^ a / trien xd hgi Id mot phdn hi tong thi phdt triin, dong vai tro quan trgng ^-^doi v&i phdt trien bin vimg cua mdt qudc gia Phdt triin xa hgi va qudn ly xa hgi a nuac ta hi$n ve thuc chdt Id hogt dgng xay dung mgt xa hgi hai hoa d& ca cdu xa hgi cdn phit hop v&i cdu true ldnh ti, tdng tru&ng vdphdt triin kinh tigdn liin v&i phdt triin xd hgi va vdn hoa, tgo diiu kiin thugn lgi cho nguai phdt huy tdi da ndng lire sdng tgo moi truang xd hgi lanh mgnh nhdn vdn Tir khoa: Phat tridn xd hdi, qudn ly phat triin xd hdi Xa hOi huang cua nhiet tinh va theo dudi nhitng m\tc xa hgi Id sdn pham va id bO phdn ddc bift dich nhdt dinh O day, khdng co gi xdy md cua gidi ty nhidn ma C.Mac ggi Id "gidi ty lgi khong co y thuc tif giac, khong co muc dich nhien thii hai", tiic la "thien nhien ngudi" mongmudn"\ Vdi tu each la "gidi ty nhien thii hai", xd hgi Khai nifm "xd hdi" cin dugc hilu theo cd nhthig dac trung ca ban: (1) Sy ton tgi cua nghia: Thu nhdt, theo nghia rgng nhit, "xd xd h0i dya trdn nen tang cua "gidi ty nhidn thii hgi" la toan bg qua trinh lich su nhdn logi Dd nhit" va mang dgc tinh "ty nhien - xd hgi- tinh la "Hinh thirc sinh hogt chung co to chuc ciia thin"; mgi sy vgt, hien tugng, qua lodi nguai a mgt trinh dg phdt triin nhdt dinh trinh xa hgi dugc kdt tinh khdng chi bdng cac cda lich sir "i Tu didn Bach khoa Vift Nam ydu td vdt chit tu nhidn, md cdn bdng cac yeu dinh nghia: "xa hgi theo nghfa hep Id khdi t6 tri thiic, tinh thin; (2) Xa hgi la lirih vyc, ni^m chi mgt logt he thdng xd hgi cu thi trong nhung quy lugt ty nhidn tac dgng mft lich su, mgt hinh thite nhdt dinh cua nhimg cdch ddc thu - kit hgp vdi cac quy lugt xd hgi quan h$ xd hgi Id mgt xd hgi & vdo mgt trinh vd dugc thd hifn thdng qua hogt ddng cd myc phdt triin lich sit nhdt dinh Id mgt kieu logi dich cua ngudi; (3) Xa h^i t6n tgi d ben xd hgi nhdt dinh da hinh thdnh lich su ngoai va dgc lgp vdi y tinic ciia ngudi, Vi d^: xd hgi no li xa hgi phong kiin, xa hdi nhung khdng tach rdi khdi y thiic md nd ham tu bdn, V V Trong tru&ng hgp nay, xd hgi triing chiia minh nhihig dgng ca tu tudng va vai hinh thdi kinh te xd hgi Theo nghfa rgng myc dich nhat dinh Ph.Angghen viet: "Trong Id toan bo cdc hinh thuc hogt dgng chung cua Ifch suxd hgi, nhdn to hogt dgng la ngu&i CO y thuc, hanh dong co suy nghf hay du&i dnh C.M4c, Ph.Angghen, Tuyin t|p, t$p 2, Nxb Sff th§t, Gi&m d6c Trung tSm NghiSn ciiu Chi^n luce vJ Chlnh sich Qu6c gia, truimg D^i hpc KHXH&NV, DHQG-HCM HaNfi, 1971,tr.476 HoSng Phg (chii bien), Tir diin tiing vi^t Nxb Khoa hpc XS hpi - Trung tSm tu dien hpc, H^ Npi, 1994, tr.l 100 TAP CHI NGHIEN CDtJ PHAT TRIEN so 11 (1/2015) nguai da hinh thdnh Ifch stt"^ Nhuninh vd an todn xa hgi cua dai sdng cd nhdn vay, theo nghia rgng nhit, "xa hgi" la todn bg vd cua cgng don^^^ lich su ngudi va nhan loai, bao gdm cac Nhu vgy, xd hdi theo ngbia rdng nhit la hinh thiic hogt ddng va sinh hogt chung cua toan bd lich sd nhan loai, theo nghia rgng \h loai ngudi d mgt trinh phat trien nhat djnh hinh thai kinh td - xd hdi va theo nghTa hep la ITnh vyc xd hdi ciia ddi sdng xa hfi mdi ciia lich sii quan he vdi liiih vyc kinh td, ITnh vyc chinh trj, Thu hai, theo nghia rdng, "xa hdi" chinh ITnh vyc van hda Id "Hinh thai kinh tl - xa hdi", la xa hdi d giai dogn phdt tridn nhat dinh ciia lich sir, vdi Phat trien xa hgi quan hf san xuat thich iing vdi mdt trinh dg Phat tridn, theo quan didm ciia trilt hge phat trien nhit djnh cua lyc lugng san xudt Mac, la qud trinh van dgng di len tir thip din va vdi kien tnic thugng ting tuong iing, dugc cao, tir dan gian ddn phiic tgp, hi kem hoan xay dyng tren nhung quan he san xuit iy thidn den hoan thien hon ciia cac sy vat, hien C.Mac viet: "Trong su sdn xudt xd hgi dai tugng, qua trinh thi gidi vgt chit Dd la song cua minh, ngu&i co nhiing quan h$qud trinh mang tinh khdch quan, tinh phd biln, nhdt dinh, tdt yeu, khong thugc vao y muon tinh phong phu nhidu ve va quanh co phiic tap; do, cdi mdi ddi thay thi cdi cu cua hg - tuc nhitng quan hi sdn xudt, nhitng Trong ty nhien, sy phat triin cua gidi vd quan hi ndy phu hgp v&i mgt trinh dg phdt trien nhdt dinh ciia cdc luc lugng sdn xudt vgt CO dugc thd hifn dudi dang biln ddi eac ylu chdt cua hg Toan bg nhitng quan he sdn xudt td, kdt cau vdt chat va sy tac dgng lln dy hgp thdnh ca cdu kinh ti ciia xd hgi, tuc giiia chiing din mgt trinh nhdt dinh va nhimg didu kifn nhit djnh lam xuit hien Id cdi ca sa hiin thuc tren dimg lin mgt nguyen tir, phan tii va tii ldm ndy sinh cac kiin true thugng tdng phdp ly vd chinh tri va hgp chat huu ca va sy sdng "Trong gidi huu nhitng hinh thaiy thuc xa hgi nhdt dinh tuang CO, phat triin dugc thd hifn d tiln trinh khdng itng v&i ca s& hien thuc dd"\ ngimg tich liiy va gia tdng kha ndng thich ung va hoan thien cua ca thi sdng vdi mdi trudng Thu ba, "Khdi niim "xd hgi" theo nghfa Trong xa hdi, phat trien bde Id thdng qua qua h^p diing di chi Ifnh vue xa hgi tuang trinh chuydn bidn tir hinh thai kinh tl - xd hgi quan v&i cdc link vue kinh ti chinh tri, vdn ldn hinh thdi kinh tl - xa hgi khac cao hon hda cua xd hgi tdng thi" '.Theo nghia nay, lmh Cdn ITnh vyc tu duy, phat triin thi hifn vyc xa hdi bao gdm nhiing vin dl lien quan ro d trinh nhgn thiic cang sau sdc va tryctidpdin sy phat tridn ngudi va xa hgi day du han ve thd gidi"^ nhu "ddn sd vd ngudn nhdn luc, lao dgng vd Neu xa hgi dugc tiep cdn theo ba nghTa vi$c lam, thu nhgp va mUc sdng, gido due vdy (rgng nhat, rdng va h?p) nhu da phan tich d te, dgo ditc va vdn hoa, nhimg bdo ddm vi an phdn tren, thi phat tridn xa hgi cung cin dugc hilu vdi ba y nghia tuong iing Tu dien bach khoa n^t Nam, tap 4, Nxb TCr diln bdch khoa, H^ Npi, 2005, tr.946-965 C.M4cv4Ph.Angghen, Tbonrp^j.t^p 13,Nxb.Chinh trj Qudc gia Hi NOi, 2004, tr.14-15 Trin Diic Cir6ng (Chu bien), Phat triin xd h0i vii quan ly phdt irien xd hQi a Vi^t Nam - Mot s6 vdn de ly lugn va th\tc tien Nxb Khoa hpc Xa h6i, Uh Noi 2012, tr.21 Pham Xuan Nam (chii bien), Triit ly phdt triin a Vi^t Nam - Mdy vdn di cdtyiu, Nxb Khoa hpc XS hfi Hi Npi, 2002, Tr.l30 V6 van Sen - Nguyen Thi NghTa (d6ng chii bifin), Phdt irien bin v&ng ddng bdng song Ciru Long Nhimg vdn di ly lugn vd thycc tiin, Nxb D^i hpc Qu6c gia H6 Chi Minh, 2014, tr.9 NHITNG VANDE CHUNG Thu nhdt, vdi tinh each la toan bd Hch sir nhan loai, phat trien xd hdi dien thdng qua qua trinh van ddng tidm tidn di ldn, xen kd va kdt hop vdi each mgng xa hgi lam chuyin biln tir hinh thai kinh t l - xa hgi thip len hinh tiiai kinh td - xa hgi cao han Dd la qua trinh lieh sii - tu nhidn cua ddi sdng xa hgi* Thu hai, vdi tinh each la mdt xa hgi cu thi (hinh thai kinh td - xd hdi) d vao mdt giai dogn phat triin nhit dinh ciia lich sii (xa hgi cdng xa nguydn thuy, xd hgi chilm hiiu nd If, xd hdi phong kidn, chii nghia tu bdn, chu nghTa xd hdi), thi phdt triin xd hgi dugc thi hifn thdng qua sy tac ddng bifn chiing giiia lyc lugng sdn xuat va quan hf san xuit, giiia ca sd hg ting vd kien tnic thugng tdng cua xa hgi Thu ba, vdi tinh cdch la luih vyc xd hgi cua ddi sdng xd hOi, phdt tridn xa hgi la "chiiu cgnh xd hdi (social dimension) cua su phdt trien ddt moi quan he gdn bo hitu ca v&i cdc chiiu cgnh kinh ti, chinh tri, vdn hoa cua sit phdt triin xd hdi tdng thi "' Ndi each khdc, lmh vyc xd hdi ciia ddi sdng xd hdi dugc phdt trien quan he tuong tac vdi linh vyc kinh td, chinh tri, vdn hda, mdi trudng vd dugc quy djnh bdi cdc yeu t6 ben eiia xa hdi Co quan chuyen trach vd phat trien xa hdi cua Lidn Hgp qu6c xdc djnh lmh vyc co ban ciia phat tridn x§ hf i: (1) xda ddi giam ngheo va tgo vifc l ^ ; (2) Dich vu hS trg lien chinh phii va thuc hifn; (3) Chinh sdch kinh t l - xd hdi va quan ly phdt triin xd hgi; (4) Hdi nhdp xd hdi'° v l Phat triin xa hdi (Worid Summit on Social Development) d Copenhagen (Dan Mgch) vao thang 3-1995 da dl cap ddn 10 vin dd xd hgi quan trgng phdt trien: Giai quyet vide lam, xda ddi giam ngheo, hda nhgp xa hgi, tdng cudng vai trd ciia gia dinh, phat trien giao dye, dan sd - ke hogch hda gia dinh, cham soc siic khde nhan dan, bao trg xa hdi, mdi trudng, hgn cbe va ngdn ngira cac hanh vi tgi phgm Mudi van de neu tren da phdn anh tuong ddi toan difn v l ITnh vyc xd hgi, song chua diy du vd chua bao qudt dugc hdt nhihig van dd xd hfi sinh dilu kifn kinh td thj trudng va hdi nhap qudc t l ; Vi vgy, cimg vdi 10 v i n dd ndu trdn, cin thilt phai bd sung thdm nhiing "tidu v i n d l " cua ITnh vyc phat tridn xa hgi, sau day ": (jiai quylt hau qua xa hgi cua chiln tranh; di ddn tir ndng thdn dd thi va an ninh trgt ty an toan xd hdi; Nhd d va giai quydt nha d cho cdng nhan cac khu cdng nghifp va ngudi ngheo; giao thdng dd thj vd tr^t ty an toan giao thdng; ngudi nudc ngodi nhgp cu sinh song d Viet Nam va ngudi Vift Nam kdt hdn vdi ngudi nudc ngoai (hifn cd khoang gan 100 ngan phu nu Vift Nam lay chdng nudc ngoai); an toan luong thye va thyc phdm; cac bfnh xa hgi - nghd nghifp; hifn tugng lech chuan xa hdi, v.v Nhu vdy, "Mat xd hgi Id mdt tap hgp l&n, mgt h$ thong cdc vdn de xd hdi phdt trien, lien quan true tiip t&i ddi song cua nguai nhu lao dgng vd vi$c ldm, mite song, Bao cao cua Chinh phu Vift Nam v l phat ttnh trgng doi ngheo, ddn so, site khde va y tridn xd hgi tgi Hgi nghi thugng dinh thd gidi ti cgng dong, nhd &, gido diic, v$ sinh moi tru&ng, an todn giao thdng, vdn hoa tinh C.Mdc vk Ph.Angghen, Todn tdp, tJip 23, Nxb thdn Noi torn lgi Id tdt cd nhihig vdn di cua Chinh tri Qu6c gia Hi Nfi, 1993, tr.21 ddi song cd nhdn vd cgng dong, co tinh chdt Trin Diic Cudmg (Chd bien), Phdt triin xa hgi vd vd M q^d xd hgi md xd hgi vd nhd nu&c phdi qudn ly phdt trien xa hgi a Vi4t Nam - Mgt so vdn de iy lugn vd thite tiin, Nxb Khoa hpc Xa hfi Hi Npi, gidi quyet bdng chinh sdch phdt triin xa hdi 2012,tr.26 10 Xem: Biii Nh^t Quang, Cdc md hinh phdt triin xa 11 Xem: Hoing Chf BSo - Doin Minh Huin, Nhung vdn di ly lugn co bdn ve phdt trien xa hgi vd qudn ly hgi Chdu Au vd st^ cdn thiet cua the ehe qudn trf phdt trien xa hgi hi^n - vgn difng cho Vi§t Nam, loan cdu, T^p chf Nghifin ciiu Chfiu Au, so 12 (99)Nxb Chinh tri Quoc gia Hi Nfi, 2012, tr.21-22 2008, tr.18 TAP CHI NGHIEN CD'U PHAT TRIEN SG 11 {1/2015} Nhu vgy, dgt phat triin xa hdi vdi tu each (ca cdu xa hgi, an sinh xd hgi, phuc lgi xd hgi Id mdt ITnh vyc ciia ddi s6ng xd hdi quan vd an todn xd hgi)"^^ hf bien chiing vdi sy phat tridn xa hfi vdi tu Tir nhiing phan tich d trdn, cd thd nit cdch Id hinh thai kinh td - xa hdi cd y nghia kdt lugn.' "Phdt triin xd hgi Id qud trinh biin phuang phap ludn quan trgng: Thit nhdt, giiip doi ve lugmg vd vi chdt Ifnh vue xd hgi cho nha nghidn ciiu trdnh dugc phuong phdp v&i su thay thi mot hiin tugng vd cdu true xd sieu hinh, phiem difn "chi thiy cay ma khdng hgi ndy bdng mgt so hien tuang vd cdu trdc xd thay ning" tidp can sy phat tridn xd hgi; hgi khdc co trinh dg cao han theo tiiu chudn Thit hai, giup cho nha quan ly bidt cy the hda khdch quan cua tiin bg xa hgi, dugc thuc hien vd vgn dyng sang tgo chinh sach vT md bdng du&ng doi m&i hoac cdch mgng"" quan ly phat tridn xd hgi vao cip df vi md Quan trift sau sac gid trj vd y nghTa ciia sy (linh vyc xa hdi cua ddi sdng xa hgi); Thti ba, phdt tridn xd hgi doi vdi toan bg su nghidp each giiip cho cdc nha ldnh dgo, hogch dinh chlnh mgng Dang ta ludn chii trgng den phat triin sach cd tam nhin, vira toan difn, tdng the va xa hgi theo cd nghia rgng va nghTa hep Ngay hf thdng vira cu the, thyc chat va sinh dfng ttr Dgi hgi VI, Ddng ta da xac djnh: cung vdi ddi vdi qua trinh phat trien xd hgi va qu^ ly nhidm vy day manh phat tridn kinh te, D^g va phdt trien xa hgi dilu kifn ddi mdi vd Nhd nudc phdi "Tgo chuyin biin tdt vi mat hgi nhgp qudc td xd hgi Gidi quyit mgt phdn quan trgng viec ldm cho ngu&i lao dgng va bdo ddm ve ca bdn phdn Quan Iy phat triin xa hoi phoi theo lao dgng Thuc hien cdng bdng xd hgi phil hgp v&i diiu kiin cu thi a nu&c ta "'"' 3.1 Qudn iy Vd nhifm vy quan trgng dugc cdc Dai hdi Tir diln bach khoa Vift Nam dinh nghia: tidp theo cu thi hda va phat triinfli^nhhf tiidng Quan l^ Id "chitc ndng vd hogt dgng cua h$ cac chinh sdch xd hdi Van kifn Dai hdi XI cua thong CO to chitc thugc cdc gi&i khdc Dang ddc bift nhan mgnh: "Thitc hien co hiiu (sinh hgc, ky thugt, xd hgi) bdo ddm giit gin qud tiin bg vd cong bdng xd hgi, bdo ddm an mgt ca cdu on dinh, tri sir hogt dgng tdi sinh xd hgi timg bu&c vd timg chinh sdch uu vd bdo ddm thuc hi$n nhihig chuang trinh phdt triin " Trong dd, chu trgng din nhifm vu: vd muc tieu cua he thdng do"'^ "Tap trung gidi quyit tdt chinh sdch lao dgng, Nhu vay, khai nifm qudn ly chi chiic ndng viic ldm va thu nhgp"; "bdo ddm an sinh xd hdi"; "Ndng cao chdt lugng chdm soc site khoeciia mgt he thdng cd tinh td chiic dd tri nhdn ddn va cong tdc ddn sd, ki hogch hoa gia mdt CO cau nhat dinh vd thuc diy hogt dgng tdi dinh, bdo v$ vd chdm soc site khoe bd m^, treuu nhdm dat myc tidu cua hf thdng dd Chiic em"; "Dau tranh phong, chdng co hieu qud te ndng vdn cd cac hf thdng sinh hgc, hf thong ky thugt va hf thdng xa bdi " ngn xd hgi, tai ngn giao thong "" 3.2, Qudn ly xS hpi 12 Hoing Chf Bio - Doin Minh Huin, Nhthig vin de Theo quan didm cua chii nghia Mac-Lenin, ly Juin CO bin vl phit tri^n xi hfi vi quin ly phit trien x& h0i hi?n v§n dyng cho Vift Nam, Nxb moi hinh thai kinh te - xd hdi cd kidu qudn ly Chlnh trj Qu6c gia Hi Npi, 2012, tr.23 xd hgi tuong iing, nhu ciu phat triin kinh 13 Hoing Chf Bio - Doin Minh Hpin, sdd, tr.44 te - xd hgi, van hda, mdi trudng ciia xa hgi quy 14 Ding Cfng sin Vi§t Nam, Vdn kiin Dgi hgi dgi biiu todn qudc ldn tht VI, Nxb Sy that Hi N^i, 1987, tr.45 15 Ding Cfng sin Vi^t Nam, Vdn ki4n Dgi hgi dai 16 Tit diin bdch khoa Vift Nam, tip 3, Nxb TCr diln bieu todn quoc ldn thuXI, Nxb Chinh tri Qu6c gia bich khoa Ha Npi, 2003, tr.580 HiNpi,2011,tr.227-232 17 Xem: Hoing Chf Bio - Doin Minh Hu4n, sdd, tr.44 NHTTNG VANDE CHUNG dinh Nhu cau khach quan cua xa hgi ddi hdi can cd hogt dgng quan ly, cho ndn, hoat ddng quan ly la hinh thuc tdn tai d$c thii cua ddi sdng x3 hgi loai ngudi Nd bao dam cho ngudi khdng nhiing thda man nhiing nhu ciu hifn tai ma cdn thda man nhflng nhu cdu tuong lai, bdo dam cho ngudi dd an toan ve mdt sinh hgc va ca v l mdt xa hfi " do, kinh t l Id ndn tdng phat tridn xa hdi va quan ly phat tridn xa hdi, cdn phat tridn xa hgi va quan ly phat tridn xa hgi trd dgng lyc thiic diy tdng trudng vd phat trien kinh te Quan ly phat tridn xa hdi la hogt dgng cd y thiic, cd chu dich ciia ngudi tac ddng vao xa hdi dd sdp xip, tri va phat triin cac CO cau, cac mdi lien hd, cac pham chat dgc Trong ddi sdng xa hgi, "qudn ly xa hgi thu cua xa hgi nhdm thiic diy xd hdi phdt trien thi hi$n nhu Id tdng thi cdc ca cdu td chuc vd mdt each dn djnh va ben viing, dugc thyc hifn cdc moi lien h^ giUa cdc ca cdu dy di qua thdng qua chii the xa hdi Sinh thdi, C.Mac da cho phep thuc hien su tuang tdc bdng qudn ly cd ndi v l chii thd quan ly su phat trien cua san giita cdc cd nhdn, cdc nhom vd cdc cpng dong xuat: "Tdt cd mgi lao dgng xd hdi tr\tc tiep xdhdi, cdc thiet chi chinh tri, kinhti cuaxd hay lao dgng chung ndo tiin hdnh tren quy mo hdi Qudn ly xd hgi bao triim mgi khdch thi vd tucmg doi l&n, thi it nhieu cUng deu cdn den qud trinh xa hgi md trgng thdi co y nghfa ddi mgt su chi dgo di dieu hda nhitng hogt dgng v&i sif ton tgi vd phdt triin ciia h^ thdng xa cd nhdn va thuc hien nhitng chuc ndng chung hgi, doi v&i hogt dgng song cua ngi/oT"" phdt sinh tit su van dgng ciia toan bg ca the sdn xudt khdc v&i su van ddng ciia nhitng Nhu vgy, qudn ly xa hdi Id boat ddng cd y quan dgc lgp cua no Mgt nguai dgc tdu vf thiic cita ngudi tdc ddng vdo xa hdi ^k td cdm tu minh diiu khiin ldy minh, mgt ddn chirc vd tri cac co ciu, cdc m6i lidn hf, cac nhgc thi cdn phdi co nhgc truang"-' pham chit d | c thu cua xd hfi nhdm dap iing nhu cau tdn tgi va phdt tridn cua xd hdi Chu thi qudn ly phdt triin xd hgi khd phong phii vd da dgng Ngoai co quan nhd nudc, chii 3.3 Qudn lyphat trien xa hgi the quan 1^ phat trien xd hdi cdn bao gdm cac Khdi nifm "quan ly phdt tridn xa hdi" vd doanh nghifp, dodn thi, cac td chiic chinh trj thyc chit, la phan anh hogt dgng quan ly xa hdi - xd hgi va xa hgi - nghe nghifp, cac nhdm xd dang trgng thai vdn dgng di len vi eac gia hgi, gia dinh, dong hg va cdc ca nhan Trong trj ngudi vd tidn bd xd hfi Tren thye td, xd hgi Vift Nam hifn chii thd quan 1^ phdt mft xd hgi phat triin nhu thi nao, phan ldn tridn xd hgi bao gdm: Dang, Nha nudc Mat phy thugc vao nang lyc qudn ly xd hgi Vi trgn td qudc, cac doan thi chinh trj - xd hdi, cac vgy, "vdn di qudn ly stf phdt trien xd hgi co t6 chdc chinh tri - xa hdi, cdc t6 chdc xa hdi mgt tdm quan trgng dgc bi$t Suphdt trien xd - nghd nghidp, cae td chiic kinh tl, cac doanh hgi bdt ddu bang viec qudn ly xd hgi Mgt xd nghidp, cac cdng ddng xa hgi, cac nhdm xa hgi hgi phdt triin tdt vd ldnh mgnh pht^ thugc chu va cdc cdng ddn Trong dd, giii vi tri trung tam yeu vdo ndng luc qudn ly xd hgi "^^ Trong va vai trd tru cdt qudn ly phat tridn xa hgi la Ddng, Nha nudc va Mat trgn td qudc B6 quan ly phat tridn xa hgi co hifu qud, 18 Xem: Va Hio Quang, XS h^i hgc qudn ly, Nxb D^i hpc qu6c gia, Hi Npi, 2002, tr 128 trudc bet chii the quan ly phat trien xa hdi phai 19 Trin Diic Cir6ng (Chii bifin), Phdt tnen xa hgi vd xac djnh dung myc tidu can dgt tdi hogt qudn ly phdt trien x5 hgi a Viit Nam - Mgt so vdn di dgng quan ly phat trien xa hdi ciia minh Can ly lugn vd thifC tiin, Nxb Khoa hpc Xi hpi, Hi Npi, 2012,tr.28 20 BOi Dinh Thanh, Xa hfi hpc vi chfnh sich xi hfi, 21 C.MAc vi Ph.Angghen, Toin t§p, t$p 23, Nxb Chfnh Nxb Khoa hpc Xa hfi Hi Nfi, 2004, tr.51 trj qu6c gia Hi Npi, 1993, tr.480 TAP CHI NGHIEN CU^ PHAT THEN so 11(1/2015) Thu hai, thudng xuydn theo doi xu hudng bidn ddi ciia nhu cau va nguyen vgng chinh dang cua cac ting ldp dan cu de cd nhflng chinh sach phii hgp Chinh sach ciia chii the quan ly ^ a n g , Nha nudc, Mdt trgn td qudc) phat tridn xd hdi khdng chi phan anh dung quy lugt khach quan cua qua trinh phat trien xa hdi, ma cdn phai dap img nhu cau, lgi ich vd nguyfn vgng ciia quan chiing - dd la co sd khach quan tao sy dong thuan xd hgi va niem tin ciia quin chung vao chd chinh trj - xa hdi cii vao thyc trang vd xu hudng phat trien cua ITnh vyc xa hdi d nudc ta hien nay, cd the djnh hinh hf muc tieu ma quan ly phat tridn xa hdi (theo nghTa hep) cin dgt dugc din ndm 2020 la: (I) Nang cao chit lugng sdng cua cdc ting ldp nhan dan (chii ydu la: dn, mac, d, di lai, hgc tap, vf sinh, phdng - chGa bdnh, vifc Iam, thu nhgp ); (2) Nang cao dan tri va trinh dan chu hda ddi sdng xa hdi, bao dam nghia vu va quydn lgi chinh dang va hgp phdp cua ting ldp nhan dan (giai cap, ting ldp, nhdm xa hdi ); (3) Gia dinh hda thugn, cdng ddng hai hda, ddn tdc dodn kit; (4) Mdi trudng xa hdi ldnh mgnh, an ninh va trat tu xa hgi an toan, cac tieu cue vd tf ngn xa hdi bi day liii, mdi trudng sinh thai dugc bao vf; (5) ngudi cd dieu kifn timg budc phat trien, cd co hfi dugc cdng hidn, dugc thang tien vd dugc hudng thy nhthig gia trj lao ddng ciia chinh minh va qua phat trien ciia dat nudc^ De dgt dugc nhung muc tidu ndi tren, thi chu the quan ly phat trien xd hdi md try cdt Id Ddng, Nhd nudc va Mdt trgn Td qu6c phai lien tyc ty ddi mdi, ty phat triin va hodn thidn minh vl mgi mdt; dd, dgc bift chii trgng cdc mdt sau day: Thit nhdt, cd trinh hieu biit sau sdc, thiu dao ve phat trien xa hdi va quan ly phat tridn xa hgi; ddng thdi, thudng xuySn nim bdt va giai quydt tot mdi quan hf giiia phdt triin kinh td va phdt trien xa hdi, khdng chgy theo tang trudng kinh te don thuin ma coi nh? phat tridn r^udi va xd hfi Cin nhin mgnh ring, "phat tridn va tdng trudng kinh tl phai gin vdi xda ddi, giam ngheo, thyc hifn tiln bg va cdng bing xa hdi, vdi phdt trien v&i hda, xa hdi va eon ngudi, vdi khai thac hgp ly, sii dung tilt kiem tai nguyen thiSn nhien va bao vf mdi trudng, vdi ndng cao chat lugng cufc sdng eiia nhan dan^ Thit ba, cd y thiic sau sdc v l dan chii va dan chii hda ddi sdng xa hdi, hinh thdnh phong each quan ly dan chu ciia cac ca quan nha nudc tir trung uang den co sd; ddng thdi, khdng ngimg nang cao ndng lyc quan ly, ndng lyc giai quydt cac mau thuan vd xung dft xa hgi thdng qua giai phap hda binh (ddi thogi, giao due, thuyit phyc, phd binh, ) Thit tu, kdt hgp chat chd va hai hda giu'a yeu td phdp lugt va yeu td dgo diic, van hda ti-ong quan ly phdt triin xa hdi; vira tdng eudng vai trd cua Nha nudc, vira ndng eao y thiic trach nhifm ty quan ciia cdng ddn quan Iy phat tridn xd hdi nhdm "Dem tdi dan, siic dan, ciia dan de lam lgi cho ddn"^ Thu ndm, thudng xuyen tdng cudng hogt ddng giam sat, kilm sat, tra, kilm tra, kidm todn Ddng thdi, diy mgnh mft cdch tiiudng xuyen, kidn tri cudc diu tranh phdng, chdng quan lidu, tham nhiing, Idng phi iam tdn hgi den lgi ich ciia nha nudc, ciia nhdn dan va Iam giam siit niem tin ciia nhdn dan doi vdi chu thd quan ly phat trien xd hdi (Dang, Nha nudc, Mdt trgn Td qudc)" Tir nhihig phdn tich d cdc phin tren, cd the di den djnh nghTa v l quan ly phat tridn xd hfi: Qudn ly phdt triin xa hgi Id hogt dgng CO y thitc vd co ca sa khoa hgc cua chu thi qudn ly tdc dgng vdo chieu cgnh xd hgi ciia 22 Tr^ Diic Cuimg (Chii bifin) Phit triin xi hpi , sif phdt trien nhdm tgo lap mgt ca cdu xa hgi sdd, tr.30 23 Nguygn Thi Nghia - Thii Thj Thu Huong (d6ng chii bifin), Nhimg vdn di ca bdn vd cdp bdch cua 24 Ho Chf Mmh, Toin t^p, tip 5, Nxb Chfnh trj Qu6c triit hgc Mdc-xil Nxb Chfnh trj QuSc gia Hi N6i giam Hi Nfi, 1995,tr.65 2014,tr.413 25 Tiin D(rc Cuimg (chii bifin), sdd, tr.30-31 16 NHU^G VANDE CHUNG ndng dgng, thdng nhdt da dgng, phdt huy nhitng nhdn to tich cue, kip th&i khdc phuc cdc mdu thudn ndy sinh, dgt t&i su ddng thugn xd hgi, tgo diiu kien cho mdi cd nhdn vd cd cgng ddng phdt huy hit tiim ndng lao dgng sdng tgo mot xd hgi phdt triin theo huang nhdn vdn, vi muc tieu cao nhdt Id hgnh phuc cita ngu&f^ gdn lien vdi phat trien xa hgi va vdn hda, tgo didu kifn thudn lgi cho ngudi phat huy tdi da nang lyc sdng tao mdi trudng xd hgi lanh manh nhan van Dieu quan trgng la phdi lam cho quan ly phat trien xa hdi ludn tuong thich vdi phat tridn xd hgi Sy phdt trien xa hdi la CO sd va ddng lyc thuc day quan ly phat trien xd hdi di ddn myc tidu cua phdt trien Din lugt minh, quan ly phdt tridn xa hdi lai tao nhflng dilu kifn thudn lgi de thuc day su phdt tridn xa hdi theo hudng tiln bd Dd la quan hf bifn chung giu'a phdt tridn xa hdi va quan ly phat tridn xa hgi d nudc ta hien Vi vgy, nhdn thiic diing ddn m6i quan he ndy dd vd dang trd van de cap bach ddi vdi gidi nghien ciiu khoa hgc vd cac nha hoach djnh chinh sach phdt tridn xd hgi hidn Cu thi hda nfi dung eua dinh nghTa tren vdo dilu kifn cfla nudc ta hifn nay, qudn ly phat triin xd hdi bao gdm nhflng yeu t6 ca ban sau: (1) Phdt triin ca cdu xd hgi (co ciu dan so, dan cu, nhan khiu ; co ciu giai cip, ting ldp, dan tdc, tdn gido; co ciu gidi; ca ciu nghi nghifp thich dng vdi co ciu kinh td, bdo dam xd hgi ddng thugn, phat tiiin nang dgng, hdi hda va theo xu hudng tiln bd; (2) Kilm soat cac bidn ddi xd hfi (phan ting xa hgi, an toan xd hdi, bit thudng xa hgi, bit binh ddng xd hgi, xung dgt xd hfi, didm ndng xa hfi ); (3) Tai lieu tham khao Thyc hifn cac bdo ddm xa hgi (an sinh xa hdi, Vdn kifn Dai hdi dai bilu todn qudc lin uu dai xa hgi, bdo trg xa hgi, hda nhdp va tai tiiii X (2006), vd lin thii XI (2011); Nxb hda nhgp xd hgi, djch vu xa hgi ); (4) Xay Chinh tri Qudc gia dyng cac chinh sdch xa hgi (chinh sdch vT md va chinh sach vi md, chinh sach cdng va ehinh Biii Dinh Thanh, Xd hgi hgc vd chinh sdch sdch tu )" xd hdi, Nxb Khoa hgc Xa hdi Ha Ngi, 2004 Dd cdng tdc qudn Iy phat triin xd hgi cd hidu qua chii thi qudn 1^ phat triin xa hgi cin cd Trin Ddc Cudng (Chii bien) (2012), Phdt n2ng lyc va nhihig dieu kidn can thiet thye hifn triin xd hgi a Viet Nam - Mdy vdn de (jJ chiic ndng quan ly phdt tridn xd hgi, bao gdm: lugn vd thuc tien, Nxb Khoa hgc Xd hdi chiic ndng hoach djnh, chiic ndng dilu khidn, Ha Ngi chiic ndng kidm tra, chdc nang didu chinh Nguyen The NghTa - Thdi Thj Thu Huong Nhu vdy, phdt triin xa hdi va qudn ly phdt (ddng chu bidn) (2014), Nhihig vdn di ca trien xd hdi d nudc ta hifn nay, vi thyc chat, bdn vd cdp bdch cua triet hgc Mdc-xit, la hoat dgng xay dyng va phdt tridn mdt xa Nxb Chinh trj Qudc gia, Ha Ndi hfi hai hda, dgt tdi nhiing muc tidu ddt Trong do, cd co ciu xa hdi phu hgp vdi co Vu Hao Quang (2002),Xa hgi hgc qudn ly cau kinh td, tdng trudng va phdt triSn kinh te Nxb Dai hgc qudc gia Ha Ndi 26 Xem: Ph^m Xufin Nam, Xd hgi, phdt triin xa hgi, qudn typhdt trien xd hgi, Tgp chi Lyiugn chinh tri s6 9-2008 27 Xem: Hoing Chi Bio - Doin Minh HuSn, Nhihig vfi dlly lufin , sdd, tr.61-62 Hodng Chi Bao - Dodn Minh Huin (2012), Nhung vdn de ly lugn ca bdn ve phdt trien xd hgi vd qudn ly phdt triin xd hgi hiin - vdn dung cho Vi^t Nam, Nxb Chinh trj Quoc gia Ha Ngi