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NGHIEN c u u - TRAODOI Mot sd ket qua, kinh nghiem ve giai quyet cac vdn de xa hpi vung dong bao dan tgc thieu sd aTay Nguyen ThS PHAM VAN ^ ay Nguyen la dia ban chie'n lupc quan trpng eua nude ta ea ve kinh te, chinh tri, an ninh, qub'c phbng; la noi cutrii cua 47 dan tpc, db ddng bao dan tbe thie'u sd(DTTS) ed tren 1,5 trieu ngubi, chiem gin 33% dan sd toan viing (trong dd, ddng bao DTTS tai chd ed 1,2 trieu ngum, chie'm 25% dan sd toan viing) Trong thbi gian qua Ding va Nha nudc ta da cd nMeu chu tnrong, cMnh sach, chuong tnnh, duan nham phat trie'n Mnh te'-xa hbi viing sau, vimg xa, dae biet la viing ddng bao dan tpc thieu sd, xay dung khb'i doan ke't toan dan d Tay Nguyen, tieu bieu nhu Chuong trinh Phat trien Mnh te - xa hbi viing Tay Nguyen thbi ky 1996 - 2000 va nam 2010 theo Quye't dinh 656 TTg 13 - - 1996 eua Thu tubng CMnh phu, Chuong trinh Dinh hubng dai ban nam 2001 - 2005 va nhiing giai phap co bin phat trie'n kinh te - xa hbi viing Tay Nguyen theo Quye't dinh 168/2001/QD - TTg 30 -10 - 2001 eua Thu tudng Chinh phu, dae Met, 18 - 01 - 2002, Bb Chinh tri Nghi quye't 10 ve viee phat trien kinh te - xa hbi va bio dam qud'c phbng an ninh viing Tay Nguyen thM ky 2001 - 2010, 05 - 02 - 2008, Thu tudng Chinh phu ban hanh Quye't dinh sd 25/2008/QD-TTg ve ea che, ehinh sach * Hgc vien Chinh trj - Hanh chinh khu vuc III 40 H6* hb trp phat trien kinh te'-xa hbi doi vdi cac tinh vung Tay Nguyen de'n nam 2010, , Vdi sir quan tam sau sac cila Dang va Nha nube, sir lanh dao, ehi dao quyet liet eila cac dang bp, ehinh quyen dia phuong cac tinh Tay Nguyen nen nhirng ke't qua dat dupe ve phat trien kinh te - xa hbi ndi chung, giai quye't cac van de xa hpi chu yeu d vimg ddng bao DTTS tren dia ban Tay Nguyen la dang dupe ghi nhan Ve giai quye't dat d, dat san xuat, nha d, nubc sinh boat cho ddng bao DTTS ngheo theo Chuong trinh 134 da dup-e trie'n khai hen tue nhieu nam qua Tinh de'n thang 12 - 2008, da giai quye't 5.726 dat san xua't eho 15.899 hp (dat 78,03%); 224,7 dat d eho 7.804 hp (dat 80,66%) Ve nha d, da lam mdi, sua ehiia 58.249 can, dat 99,08% ke'hoach Ve nube sinh boat, da giai quye't eho 30.391 hb, dat 74,65% ke hoach^ Dac Met la da thue Men thf die'm giao khoan khoang 70.000 rimg eho 4.400 hb ddng bao DTTS ngheo thie'u dat sin xua't Mbt sb'nai bude dau phat huy Meu qua nhb van dung tb't ea che quan ly va hubng lpi ed the nhan rbng nhumb hinh d huyen Ea H'Leo (tinh Dik Lak), huyen K'Bang (tinh Gia Lai) Cac tinh da cd nhieu ed gang cbng tac day Van phdng Ban ehl dao Tdy Nguyen: Mpt sdtwileu ve kinh te- xa hpi Tay Nguyen vd cdc huyen mien nulgldp Tdy Nguyen - 2009, tr 76 NGHIEN CUU- TRAODOI nghe, giai quye't viec lam, timg budc giam ty le that nghiep cho ddng bao DTTS Trong nam tir 2002 2007, toan vimg da dao tao nghe, giai quyet viee lam cho 135.600 lao ddng DTTS, tuyen dung 11.300 ngum vao cae edng ty, ndng trubng, dua sdlao dbng DTTS cac doanh nghiep len 15.568 ngubi^ Tinh de'n het nam 2010, toan viing Tay Nguyen ed khoang trieu lao dpng dupe giai quye't viec lam, dd tren 180,000 lao dpng DTTS^, Cbng tac xda ddi giam ngheo dupe trien khai lien tue bang nhieu giai phap vdi gan vdi 111,000 hb dup-e xda ngheo Da giai quye't ea ban tinh trang thie'u ddi trien mien vimg ddng bao DTTS va giim ty le hb DTTS ngheo tir 57,84% nam 2005 xub'ng cbn 40,20% nam 2007, ebn 32,93% nam 2008 va den nam 2010 xudng cbn 19,9% nam 20101 Giao due vimg DTTS dup-c quan tam diing rnirc, nhb dd ma he thb'ng trubng, ldp cila cae cap hpc, bac hpc viing dan tbe thieu sd dupc md rbng, dap ung phan ldn nhu ciu hpc tap ciia em ddng bao DTTS, Co sd vat chat trubng ldp eai thien kha rd, tung budc xda bb tinh trang hpc ba ca, Nhieu chinh sach giao due dupc thuc Men d vimg ddng bao dan tpc thieu sdnhu tang mue hb trp hpe phf eho hpe sinh dan tbe thieu so, cap khbng sach vd hpc sinh, hb trp hpc phf cho hpc sinh trubng ban tni dan nubi, vay, sd hpe sinh DTTS ciing tang theo thbi gian, Theo dd, nam hpc 2003 - 2004, toan viing Tay Nguyen cd 460.518 hpe sinh dan tbe thieu sdthi de'n nam hpe 2006 - 2007 da tang len 503,711 hpe sinh, tang 43,193 hpc sinb^ Tfnh de'n dau nam 2010, toan vimg Tay Nguyen da cd 96% sd xa hoan xda mii chii va cap giao due tie'u hpc diing dp tub'i, 85% sdxa hoan cap trung hpc CO sd; ty le dp tud'i de'n trubng giir viing 98,7%^, Cbng tac eham sbc sue khoe cho nhan dan da dup-c quan tam hon, dat dupc nhiing ket qua quan trpng Tfnh de'n thang - 2008, cd 99,26 xa, phubng ed tram y te; 45,19% xa, phubng ed bic si'^ Dpi ngii can bb y te thbn, bubn dupc tang cubng Nhieu dich benh da timg budc dup-e khdng che (sdt ret, lao giam, bubn ed', ) Hau he't ddng bao DTTS deu dupe cap the bao Mem, kham, chiia benh miin phi, Ve van hda, cbng tae nghien ciru, suu tam, bio tdn van hda dan tbe da dat dupe mdt sdket qua tich cue Thang 11 - 2005, "Khbng gian van hda cdng chieng Tay Nguyen" da dupe UNESCO cbng nhan la "Met tac truyen khau va di sin phi vat the cua nhan loai" Day la niem tu hao khbng ehi eila rieng vimg dat Tay Nguyen ma cbn la niem tu hao cua nen van hda Viet Nam, md eo hdi phat trie'n kinh te, van hba, tao dieu Men de giii gin vb'n van hda truyen thd'ng quy bau ciia dan tpc ta, Cae tinh d Tay Nguyen timg budc dau tuxay dung cae thiet che van hda cap xa, thbn, bubn, Tinh de'n he't nam 2007, da xay dung 2.135 nha Rbng, nha van hda, nha sinh hoat cdng ddng, cbng nhan 4,655 thbn, bubn van hda (67% sdthbn, bubn, to dan phb')^, Mang ludi phat - truyen hinh dupe md rbng, co ban phu sdng hau he't cac khu vue dan cu, phat sdng vdi thM lupng d'n dinh bang nhieu thu tieng DTTS, bao dam cang tb't hon nhu eiu thbng tin, truyen thbng cHa ddng bao cac dan tdc, Nhirng ket qua dat dupe tren day la dang dupc ghi nhan, nd chung td chil truong, ehinh sach cua Dang va Nha nube da va dang timg bude di vao cube sdng vimg ddng bao dan tbe, viing sau, vimg xa, Dat dupe nhihig ke't qua tren la nhb cd sir tap trung lanh dao, chi dao eila Trung uong, sir dieu hanh tap trung, quye't het cUa cac cap, cac nganh dia phuong tren dia ban Tay Nguyen Dd cbn la ke't qua cua sir vuon len manh me eua ddng bao eae dan tbe, dac Met la ddng bao dan tbe thie'u sd da ddng gdp vao sir phat trie'n ehung cHa toan viing Tay Nguyen, Ben canh nhiing ket qua dat dupe, viec giii quye't cac van de xa hbi vimg ddng bao DTTS b Tay Nguyen Bao cdo ket qui 10 nam thue hien Nghj quyet 10-NQ/Tnjng uang ngdy 18-01 - 2002 eua Bp Chinh tn ve phdt trien kinh te - xa hpi vd bio dim qud'c phdng, an ninh vung Tay Nguyen thdi ky 2001 -2010cua Ban Chi dao Tay Nguyen Minh Chdu: Tdy Nguyen - dien mao mdl ve kinh te, xd hpi, vovnews.vn, 27-12-2010 Tong hdp sdlieu tU Kinh te - xa hpi Tay Nguyen nam 2008, 2009 va Bao cdo ket qua 10 nam thue hien Nghj quyet 10-NQ/ TWngdy 18-01 - 2002 cua Bp Chinh trj ve phdt trien kinh te - xd hdi vd bio dim qudc phdng, an ninh vimg Tay Nguyen thdi ky 2001-2010 cua Ban Chi dao Tay Nguyen Van phdng Ban Chi dao Tay Nguyen, Kinh te - xa hpi Tay Nguyen (2006 - 2007), tr 75 Van San: Tdy Nguyen tUng budc phdt trien kinh te - xa hpi, www vietnamnet vn,15-01 -2010 Vdn phdng Ban Chi dao Tdy Nguyen, Kinh te'-xa hpi Tay Nguyen, 9-2009, tr 72 Bdo cdo ket qui kiem tra thue hien Nghj quyet 10-NQ/TW 18-01 -2002 eua Bp Chfnh trj ve phdt trien kinh te'-xa hpi vd bio dim qudc phdng, an ninh vung Tay Nguyen thdi ky 2001 -2010, thang 12-2007, tr 41 NGHIEN c u u - TRAODOI ebn ed nhihig ban che', db la: cbng tac xda ddi giam ngheo chua vihig chic, bb phan dan cu can ngheo va tai ngheo cbn rat ldn, nha't la d vimg ddng bao DTTS tai chd Ty le hp ddi ngheo ddng bao DTTS ebn eao Tinh trang men DTTS thie'u viec lam cbn nhieu, dang trd van de biic xiic Cbng tac dinh canh, dinh cu va sap xe'p on dinh dan di eu tu ebn nhieu bat cap, thie'u quy dat dap ling lau dai eho tach hb ddng bao DTTS, Viec giai quyet eae van de lien quan giai tba, din bii, tai dinh canh, dinh eu xay dung cac cbng trinh thuy dien, thiiy lpi ehua thuc sir tb't, anh hudng xau de'n sin xuat va dm sd'ng cua nhan dan, Viec to chire thue hien cac chinh sach ve dat dai, nha d, viec lam cbn rat cham va liing tiing, Muc tieu giai quye't dat sin xuat cho dong bao dan tpc thieu sd chua hoan vdi hon 11,000 hb ehua ed dat san xuat^, Mpt sd noi giai quye't dat sin xuat cho ddng bao la dat xa'u, dp db'c cao, xa noi b nen viec sin xuat khdng mang lai hieu qua Chinh sach giao dat, giao rimg va xa hdi hda nghe rimg cham tie'n trien Rimg gan lien vdi tap quan sin xuat va sinh sd'ng cUa ddng bao DTTS nhung chua cd ehinh sach va giai phap phu hpp de ddng bao gan bd, cai thien cube sdng tir rimg, ei db'i vdi eae hd dang sb'ng vimg loi cua cae vuon qub'c gia Day la nhiing van de tie dbng khbng nhb de'n sir on dinh va phat trien cila vung Tay Nguyen giai doan Men va ca lau dai ve sau Viee nang cao dan trf, cai thien dm sb'ng tinh than eho ddng bao DTTS ebn yeu kem Cae phong trao, hoat dbng van hoa, van nghe, the due the thao viing ddng bao DTTS nang ve hinh thiie, ehua di sau vao viec giu gin, phat huy tap quan, bin sac van hda dan tpc Phin ldn nha van hda cbng ddng d nhieu bubn lang khbng phat huy dupe Meu qua, thie'u ndi dung, phuong tien sinh boat van hda theo phong tue, tap quan eua ddng bao Chat lupng day va hpe vung DTTS thap so vdi mat bang ehung Ty le bd hpc cbn nhieu, he thbng trubng dan tpc nbi tru chua dap ung dup-c yeu eiu ca ve ca sd vat chat, sd lupng va chat lupng hpc sinh, trubng day nghe ehua dupc md rdng Viec day song ngii nMeu noi mdi b dang thi diim, cbng tae tao ngudn va thue Men che dp eu tuyen hpe sinh DTTS ehua hpp ly, Minh Chau: Tay Nguyen - dien mao mdi v4 kinh te', xa hpi, vovnews vn, 27-12- 2010 42 Tb'ng ket, danh gia, chi rd ket qua da va chua lam dupc, tic dd nit nhirng kinh nghiem gdp phan giai quyet cae van de xa hbi d vimg ddng bao dan tpc, viing sau, vimg xa tren dia ban Tay Nguyen dat ket qui tot hon cae giai doan tie'p theo la rat can thiet Bube diu cd the nit mbt sd kinh nghiem sau day: Mgt Id, de giai quyet cac van de xa hpi vimg dbng bao DTTS ed Meu qua, can phai tap trung, ket hap giai quyet ddng bb ca chinh tri - tutudng, Mnh te, an mnh qub'c phbng, gan dau tu phat trien Mnh te vdi cham lo giai quye't cae van de xa hpi, thuc Men tbt chinh sach dan tpc, cMnh sach tdn giao va xay dung he thb'ng cMnh tri viing manh, nhat la he thd'ng cM'nh tri ca sd, Trong qua trinh lanh dao, ehi dap to chirc thuc Men cac chil truong, chinh sach ciia Dang va Nha nubc, dbi hdi phai cd sir quan tam, phdi hpp chat che giiia Trung uong va dia phuong; phai cd co ehe, giai phap ddng bb de cu the hda eae ehu truong, chinh sach cua Dang va Nha nubc phii hpp vdi dieu Men, dac diem eu the eua timg viing, timg dia phuong Trong xir ly, giai quye't nhiing van de thuc tiin, cu the phai ludn coi trpng tfnh dac thu, dac diem, tam ly, phong tue, tap quan cua ddng bao DTTS, Chii trpng cdng tie so ke't, td'ng ket, nit Mnh nghiem de bo sung, hoan thien eo che chinh sach Hai Id, phai xae dinh giai quye't cae van de xa hpi ndi ehung, cbng tac xda ddi giam ngheo, giai quye't viec lam eho ddng bao dan tpc thieu so la mbt nhiem vu cap bach, trpng tam, phai dup-c tap trung ehi dao vdi nhieu giai phap tieh cue Phai tap trung xay dung co sd tang nbng thdn de phue vu cho viec phat trie'n eae nganh nghe nbng nghiep, pM nbng nghiep, chuye'n db'i co eau Mnh te, dam bao eho vimg ddng bao dan toe thieu sdcd dubng giao thbng di lai ea hai miia, ed dien, he thb'ng cap nude, tram y te, trubng hpc va cac dieh vu thiet yeu khae Phai to ehiie lai sin xuat theo hudng hang hda, lay nen tang kinh tehb eua ddng bao lam ca sd Tren ca sd dd, ngMen cuu, lira chpn xay dung nhiing md hinh lam an cd hieu qua, phii hpp vdi dieu Men eu the eua timg dia phuong, timg dan tdc de giiip nang cao kha nang va ky nang sin xuat hang hda cUa ddng bao To chiic lai mang ludi he thb'ng khuye'n nbng, khuye'n lam de'n hb ddng bao, tie'p tue giai quye't dat sin xua't, giao rimg, khoan rimg cho cbng ddng bubn lang dnhiing noi gin rimg de lam the nao ddng bao ed ^^^'^ ^^™' ^ ^ ^ ^ ^^^ ^ ^ ^ P ' Xem tiep trang 84 ... Tay Nguyen, Kinh te - xa hpi Tay Nguyen (2006 - 2007), tr 75 Van San: Tdy Nguyen tUng budc phdt trien kinh te - xa hpi, www vietnamnet vn,15-01 -2010 Vdn phdng Ban Chi dao Tdy Nguyen, Kinh te'-xa... 27-12-2010 Tong hdp sdlieu tU Kinh te - xa hpi Tay Nguyen nam 2008, 2009 va Bao cdo ket qua 10 nam thue hien Nghj quyet 10-NQ/ TWngdy 18-01 - 2002 cua Bp Chinh trj ve phdt trien kinh te - xd hdi vd bio... Chinh tn ve phdt trien kinh te - xa hpi vd bio dim qud'c phdng, an ninh vung Tay Nguyen thdi ky 2001 -2010cua Ban Chi dao Tay Nguyen Minh Chdu: Tdy Nguyen - dien mao mdl ve kinh te, xd hpi, vovnews.vn,
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