J> TIM HIEU VAI TRO CUA DONG HQ NGUdi VIET MOT LANG BAG BO • • • (Lang Boi Khe, xa Tam Hung, huyen Thanh Oai, Tp Ha Noi) PHAM MINH PHUC* D dng hp, nhfl chung ta biet, la mdt thflc the dfldc hinh tren ed sd huyet thd'ng cua nhflng ngfldi dang sd'ng va da chet, the hien qua y niem ve mpt vi thuy td chung Va ddng hp l i mdt hien tfldng lieh sfl, xa hpi va vin hoi mang tfnh phd quit cua toan nhan loai"* (j Viet Nam, gia dinh - ddng hp la ndi nudi dfldng the cha't, hinh thinh v i giio due nhan each ngfldi; tfl lau ciu trflc xa hpi da dn dinh theo md hinh: gia dinh ddng hp - lang xa - qud'c gia, dd nhan to' ddng ho ddng vai trd quan trpng, la cau ndi gifla gia dinh vdi cdng ddng Khoang hdn hai thap ky trd lai day, ke tfl di't nfldc bfldc vao thdi ky ddi mdi, day manh hpi nhap thi b khip ndi, die biet l i b ndng thdn lai dien mpt xu the dfldng nhfl cd ve ngfldc lai - xu the trd ve vdi coi ngudn, ma bieu hien l i viee cac ddng hp dua dich thuat, tii lip gia pha, xay dflng, trung tu tfl dfldng, qui tap md ma, chin chinh gia phong ddng tdc v.v Vi'n de da thu hut sfl quan tam dang ke cua cac nha khoa hpc Nhieu bai nghien cflu dfldc dang tai tren cac tap chf chuyen nganh, cich day tren dfldi ehuc nam, nhieu cudc hdi thao d i dfldc td chflc, nhfl Hdi thao Cdc dong hg vdn hien d Hd Ngi (1995), Hdi thao Vdn hod cdc dong hg d Nghe An vdi sU nghiep thiic hien chien luac ngUdi Viet Nam the ky XXI (1997), Hdi thao Gia phd Viet Nam: Truyin thd'ng vd Hien dg.i dien tai Bao ting Dan tdc hpc Viet Nam (2001) v.v Tiep tuc mach hpc t h u i t sdi ndi dd, chflng tdi thfl tim hieu vai trd ciia ddng hp d mdt ling Viet cu the, dd la lang Bdi Khe, mdt lang cd, each trung tam Ha Ndi khoang 25 km, thudc xa Tam Hflng, huyen Thanh Oai, Tp Ha Npi Lang cd hdn 3000 nhan khau va tren 20 ddng hp ldn, nhd khic Vai tro cua dong ho ddi song kinh te Mac du cd nhieu y kien eho ring, chflc nang kinh te cua ddng hp khdng cdn nfla, nhflng chung tdi cho ring, mpt chflng mflc nao dd, ddng ho van dfldc xem nhfl mpt cdng ddng ve mat kinh te That vay, xfla cung gidng nhfl b nhieu ndi * NCS Pham Minh Phuc, Bao tang Dan toe hpc Viet Nam 58 Nghien cifu Dong Nam A 3/201J_ cae ddng hp d l i n g Bdi Khe deu cd rudng hp da ddn rudng cho mdt ngfldi hp da't cdng ddng hp, gdm ea di't thd canh, minh, v i khdng ft ngfldi nhd sfl giup dd, VUdn, ao, di't d a n h xay n h a thd, md td v.v tUdng trd eua hp h a n g da " t r a n h " dUde Trfldc cai cich rudng di't, mdi ddng hp deu chflc Ly trudng Ti't nhien, van de n i y ed cd rudng hp lam cd sd kinh te de boat nguyen n h i n s i u x a c u a nd, dd l i dpng Hp nhd cd ft rudng thi cung cd vai nhflng ddng hp cd dieu kien l i m viec n i y "mieng"®, hp ldn ed cd cd tdi ca m i u , mudn t i n g cfldng t h e lflc chfnh tri cua nhfl trfldng hdp hp Le Cung gid'ng nhfl d minh d l i n g Va, sfl tfldng trd ve nhieu ndi k h i c , rudng hfldng hoa d Bdi kinh te khdng ehi l i giflp n h a u ve m a t vat Khe l i rudng ca hp d a n h rieng cho trfldng c h i t m i ca b i n g viec hfldng nghiep, tao hp ei'y de hfldng hoa ldi phuc vu viec cdng i n viec lam Ti nhfl d hp Le, trfldc hfldng khdi, thd cflng td tien v i o nhflng n i m 1954, cd dng Le Cfldng rdi l i n g H i n g i y sdc, vpng v i t u a n tiet Mdt so' ddng Npi l i m i n , budn b i n va md dfldc mpt n h i hp ed nhieu rudng thi ngoai rudng hfldng in d 75 H a n g Bd, da dfla hdn 20 ngfldi hoa danh eho trfldng hp ei'y cdn cd rudng hp d que ra, cho hpe nghe v i lam thu dien Mdi t h i n h vien n a m hp viec tai d i y (suit dinh) deu dUdc ei'y loai rudng n i y Cho den nay, viec tao dieu kien giflp thdi b a n mot n i m v i c i t lUdt theo n h a u ed edng i n viec lam v i n tdn tai gifla vai ve tfl cao xudng thi'p NgUdi n i o dUde nhflng ngfldi hp d lang Bdi Khe hien ei'y rudng thi n i m dd phai s i m siia le vat cd mpt so' hp cdn lap quT cho nhflng te td va lo p h a n cd b a n viec hp ngfldi ngheo hp vay vd'n lam an vdi theo qui dinh Rudng da't cdng ddng hp lai sua't tha'p Ta't nhien, d day cd ca trudng hp quan ly, khdng dUde phep dflng chuyen ddng hp "lam k i n h te*', lap quy eho de c i m cd' hoac b i n V i chi den sau cai vay li'y lai, nhUng vdi lai s u i t ri't thi'p, rd cieh rudng di't, di't cdng ddng hp ve cd r i n g van the hien sfl tUdng trd eua nhflng ban mdi khdng cdn nfla m i thupc sd hflu ngfldi hp vdi n h a u t i p the hdp t i c x i , p h a n cdn lai khdng Sfl tfldng trd k i n h te ddng hp cdn d i n g ke l i da't tfl dfldng, md td Tfl dd, the hien viec cfldi xin, ma chay Dd ddng hp vdi tfl c i c h la mdt cdng ddng kinh la viec thfldng thi ngfldi hp mflng te ciia mpt nhdm ngfldi cd cung huyet giup (dam cfldi) hoac p h u n g vieng (ma thdng mdi khdng cdn cd sd de hoat ddng chay) vdi so' tien thudng ldn hdn nhflng nfla Tuy vay, chflc n i n g tfldng trd kinh te ngfldi ngoai hp l i n g Ngoai ra, cac cua ddng hp khdng bi m a t di ma v i n tdn hp deu cd quT, cd ngfldi hp chet tai den t i n Ti't nhien, h i n h thi trich quT p h u n g vieng va hd trd nhflng thflc tfldng trd thi xfla khdng gid'ng gia dinh cd h o i n canh khd k h i n C h i n g ban, trfldc Cach m a n g t h i n g T i m (1945), b l i n g Bdi Khe, mpt Vai tro c u a d o n g h o t r o n g v i e c g a n nhflng dieu kien de flng cfl chflc Ly trfldng d u e khod t r o n g nhufng t r u y e n t h o n g la phai biet chfl va cd nhieu rudng, vi vay v a n h o a tot d e p v a g i a o d u e t r u y e n mdt so' trUdng hdp, nhieu gia dinh t h o n g hie'u h o c 59 Pham Minh Phue - Tim hieu vai trd eua ddng hg ngitdi Viet 2.1 Dong truyen ho vd viec gan due khdi thd'ng vdn hoa tdt dep Trong lieh sfl nudc ta, ddng hp ddng vai trd ra't q u a n trpng cdng eude dUng nUdc v i gifl nude; lieh sfl c i c trieu dai phong kien thudng g i n vdi lieh sfl mdt ddng hp N g i y nay, di't nfldc dang bfldc vio thdi ky ddi mdi, thdi ky day m a n h hpi n h i p , cdng nghiep h o i , hien dai hoa Tren dfldng tien len cfla dat nudc, nhieu t h i n h tflu d i dat dUdc, n h u n g mat t r i i cfla nd cflng l i m sinh nhieu hien tfldng tieu eUc Trong bdi canh dd, ddng hp theo chflng tdi, ddng mdt vai trd cflc ky quan trpng viec ngan c h i n , day lui, bdi day la mpt mdi trudng v i n h o i d i e thu Tfl trfldc den nay, sfl lien ket ddng hp ludn mang y nghTa tich cUc, nhflng tieu cflc khdng dfldc cac ddng hp chi'p n h i n Trong gia pha eae ddng hp d Bdi Khe, chi thi'y nhflng pham c h i t td't dep dfldc de cao Cic gia pha deu viet ve truyen tho'ng yeu nfldc, sfl cd'ng hien t i i n i n g , trf tue cua ddng hp cho di't nfldc, n h i c nhd c h i u hieu thao, sd'ng n h i n h i u vdi ban be Khdng tha'y cd gia pha n i o ghi chep hay ran day eon c h i u nhflng h i n h vi, thai dp tieu cflc Gia pha hp Le viet ve cu to: " tudi gid nom rudng vUdn, day con, bdo hgc tro, cdnh ngheo, nhUng cu khong thdy the Idm buon, vdn vui vi dg,y dieu hay le phdi cho chdu vd hgc trd Cu luon neu cao dg.o ddc thdnh hien de chdu bdt chUdc" Viet ve truyen thd'ng yeu nude, gia pha hp Nguyen ed doan: "Cdc cu nhd ta theo dg.o Thien Chua dd Idu, song cd truyen thdng yeu nUdc Hg hdng nhd ta thda hudng truyin thd'ng yeu nUdc ciia cdc cu nen nhiiu ngudi dd gidc ngo cdch mg.ng td trUdc khdi nghla thdng Tdm (1945) vd diu tham gia tich cUc vdo phong trdo cdch mctng Ddng Idnh dao" N h i c nhd chau phai gifl t h a n h d a n h ddng hp, pha hp T h i i viet: "Chung ta khdng nhdng phdi noi gUOng dng cha md phdi gid gin danh gia the ddng hg de khdi phu long dng cha xdy diing td trUdc'v.v Do chinh l i ddng gdp cua ddng hp viec gan due khdi nhflng truyen thd'ng van h o i td't dep cua d i n tdc 2.2 truyen Ddng thdng ho vdi viec hieu hgc gido due Bdi Khe l i mdt l i n g vdi nhieu ddng hp ed truyen thd'ng hieu hpe v i d i cd nhflng ddng gdp nha't dinh vao sfl nghiep giao due lieh sfl dan tdc, d i e biet l i c i c hp Nguyen, hp Le v i hp Hoang Tfl xfla, l i n g da cd nhflng ngfldi dd dai khoa nhfl N g u y i n Trflc dd T r a n g nguyen khoa Nham Tui't (1442), sau gifl chflc Te tiiu Qud'c Tfl G i i m (nhfl Hieu trUdng n g i y nay); Hoang B i DUdng dd H o i n g giap khoa T i n Sflu (1481), Le Huy T r i m khoa Ky Hdi (1779); N g u y i n Quynh dd de t a m giap tien sT khoa M i u Tui't (1468) va nhieu ngudi dd t r u n g khoa nhfl Nguyen Thdi Trung, Le Tdng D i n , Le Huy Canh V.V Va de'n nhieu ddng hp lang v i n tri dfldc truyen thd'ng hieu hpc va ddng gdp nhi't dinh ddi vdi sfl nghiep giao due, ma trfldc tien vdi chinh ddng hp minh Bieu hien eua nd la viec t i t ea cac ddng hp da lap c i c quy khuyen hpc Viec lap quy d c i c hp dUdc sU hfldng flng ri't nhiet tinh cfla c i c t h a n h vien hp, nhi't la nhflng ngfldi cd dieu kien kinh te k h i gia v i nhflng ngfldi da thoat ly khdi l i n g Ddi tfldng dfldc thfldng tfl quy khuyen hpc ciia cac hp la cac em hpc sinh dat cac d a n h hieu hpc sinh tien tien, hpc 60 sinh gidi eac cap, cac em thi dd vao eie trudng dai hpc, thi dd cao hpc, nghien cflu sinh, bao ve cdng hpc vi thac sT, tien sT Ve hinh thflc trao thfldng khuyen hpc, mdi hp chpn mot cieh: d hp Hoang, Ban khuyen hpc se de'n tan nha eie em de trao thfldng; hp Pham xdm Ky thi trao gii'y chflng nhin khen thfldng v i phan thfldng vio ngiy gid td Hp Pham xdm Chfla lai ed qui dinh: Vio mpt ngiy ehu n h i t dau nam hpe, cic em dat thinh tfch td't hpe tip, thi cfl dd dat dfldc mdi den nha thd hp Ban khuyen hpc se mua binh keo lim li vat de cae em yet cio td tien ve tfch hpc t i p cua minh v i hfla phi'n da'u de dat thinh tfch cao n i m hpc mdi Mflc thfldng cua cae ddng hp hau nhfl khdng ldn ve gii tri vat chi't, nhflng cd y nghTa tinh than, die biet cd tic dung ri't td't viec khuyen hpe eung nhfl tri truyen thd'ng hieu hpc cho the he tre hien Vai tro ciia dong ho t r o n g viec khdi day dao Iy uong nxidc nhd nguon 3.1 Thd eung to tien the hien dao ly uong niidc nhd nguon Gid'ng nhfl cic ndi khac, d Bdi Khe hp nao cung thd eung td tien Hing nam, mdi hp deu td chflc mdt gid td Ngay nay, khdng ehi thflc hien nhflng nghi thflc li/te td trang nghiem, ngfldi ta cdn sim sfla nhieu ll vat, cd b i n de td long t h i n h kfnh vdi td tien Trong ngiy gid td, nhflng ngfldi eao tudi, am hieu ve gde tich ddng tdc dpc gia pha vi giai thfeh them ve gdc tfch, ngpn ngudn ddng tdc, ve cdng trang cua td tien, khdng chi de chau hieu dUdc the thfl hp, ma dieu quan trpng hdn l i de giao due sfl kfnh trpng, ghi nhd dn Nghien edu Dong Nam A 3/2011_ nghTa sinh Ngoai ra, vao cic ngiy sdc, vpng, trudng hp se la ngfldi thay mat toin ddng tpc t h i p hfldng tfldng nhd td tien, v i ti't nhien cung de cau xin eho chiu toin ddng hp khoe manh, hpe h i n h dat, i n nen lim Va nhfl d i ndi, trfldc cai each rudng da't mdi hp deu cd rudng cdng, chfnh vi vay nen d ta't ca cic hp, dfl hp ldn hay hp nhd, trfldng hp sang hay hen, viec te tfl dfldc tri deu dan, thfldng xuyen Sau cai cich, rudng hp khdng tdn tai nfla, nhflng mdi hp deu cd each flng xii rieng de tri viec thd cflng td tien ddng tdc minh Cd hp dat le, mdi dinh nam hp, thay lo viec den nhang va siia le gid td mdt nam, cd ban ca ho cung ddng gdp; cd hp thi tri viee den nhang bing each phan bd theo cic sua't dinh ddng gdp chung Vi nhfl d hp Pham xdm Ky hien nay, mdi s u i t dinh ddng lO.OOOd/nim, khdng ke viec ddng gdp de sfla soan ll vat te td va cd bin Mdt diem ehung ma chflng tdi nhin thi'y d ling Bdi Khe nfla la ngoii ngiy gid td, mdi hp cdn td chflc mpt chap td Ngay nay, ca ho tap trung b nha trfldng hp hoac b nha thd td, rdi cflng di thap hfldng, sfla sang phan md td tien tfl cu thuy td cho tdi cu td cic chi, cac nginh , sau dd lai t i p trung ve nha thd td de viec hp Mdt each khic cung de the hien sfl thinh kfnh vdi td tien l i viec cac hp deu ehu y trang hoang bin thd to tien, tfl dfldng, m i hp eho ring dd la di ve cua td tien d Bdi Khe hau het cic ddng hp da xay dflng nhi thd hp, mdt sd hp ldn cdn ed ca cic ban chi tfl dfldng Cd nha thd hp xay each day vai the ky nhfl nah thd hp Le xiy Pham Minh Phite - Tim hieu vai trd eiia ddng hg ngifdi Viet 61 t i n g de eon chau cdn nhd gid, ten de khi'n v i md de hUdng khdi c h i m sdc Vi the ed ngUdi ndi r i n g "giaphd -gia bdo"^^\ Dao hieu vdi td tien cua dan l i n g Bdi Muc kfch c i c gia pha d Bdi Khe, chflng tdi Khe cdn the hien qua viec xay dUng md tha'y, d i y khdng chi l i t i i lieu ghi de nhd ma td tien Theo t a m linh ngUdi Viet, md ve ngudn gdc, the thfl, ma deu cd y nghTa ma la thieng lieng T h i n h ngfl ed eau "gid sau s i c la giao due dao ly udng nfldc nhd nhu giu md to', vi vay c i c ddng hp deu ri't ngudn, d i e biet d p h a n ldi tfla cua mdi coi trpng md ma td tien NgUdi t a thudng cuo'n gia pha Gia pha hp P h a m xdm Ky tim nhflng the di't td't theo q u a n niem viet: "Phdm, nUdc cd sd sdch, nhd cd gia phong thuy de mai t i n g td tien vdi mong phd, ngUdi gdc d td tien, cdnh cdnh Id Id mud'n c h i u dfldc hfldng phflc td v i tren cay diu cd gdc re, chi lUu dong nUdc quan trpng hdn l i de xfldng cdt eua td tien vd'n gdc d ngudn, con chdu chdu ngUdi vflng ben Gia pha hp D i o ghi: "huyet cd ta vd'n gdc d td tien Vi vay, lap gia phd hinh kim nUdc, ndm d cung binh, de chdu sau dUdc biet ro ddi trUdc md hudng nhdm", gia p h a hp Le ghi: "mg tdng thda tiep Cho nen mdi hg td't phdi cd gia kieu ddt mgc cue, ddu gdi phUOng ddu, phd" Gia pha hp H o i n g cung tUa nhU trdng 7'a phUdng mao", gia pha hp H o i n g vay: "Oi! NgUdi ta gdc re td dng to, td mgt ghi: "tog nhdm, hUdng binh, thi phdt phuc ddi den trdm ddi, nghin ddi, mudn ddi chi dia" Ngfldi ta cdn nghi dfldng i m Ddi cdng xa thi ngdnh nggn, chi phdi cdng vay, eon c h i u d t r a n gian cd n h a cfla, chia nhiiu, md ndi de'n gdc thi chi cd khdng Id de td tien n i m dfldi md cd, vi the mgt md thoi" Cdn day la gia pha hp T h i i : hp nao eung d i x i y md td vdi qui md, mflc "Chiing ta Id chdu phdi ghi nhd cong dp k h i c de thoa ldng hieu thao vdi td On gdy diing cUa td tien Ta phdi Idm the tien, va hien van sflc tu bd eho nao bdi dap cdng ddc cho xdng ddng thi khang t r a n g hdn, dang hoang hdn mdi phdi dg.o Idm ngUdi" v.v dflng n h a thd n a m 1700, nha thd hp Pham, hp N g u y i n Trflc xay tfl eudi the ky XIX, dau t h e ky XX 3.2, Gia phd nhd nguon vdi dao ly uong nUdc Gia pha, nhfl chflng t a da biet, chinh la cudn sfl cua mdi ddng hp Mot gia pha hoan chinh thUdng dUde ghi chep rd rang: ngUdi bien soan la ai, luc v i o ddi thfl mi'y, n i m n i o , c i n cfl v i o dau? Dau gia pha ed ldi tUa P h a n ndi d u n g ghi chep lan Ifldt tfl thuy td den td tien c i c ddi, vdi day du cic muc nhU: ten buy, ten tU, ten hieu, ten gpi thdng thfldng, n i m sinh, n i m m i t , md t a n g d d i u , sfl nghiep, thi cfl dd dat nhfl the n i o v.v Nhflng gia pha sd sai ft nhi't cung ghi hp ten, nam mi't v i ndi an V a i tro c u a d o n g h t r o n g v i e c co' ket cong dong Vai trd cfla ddng hp nhU mdt n h a n td'cd kha n i n g cd' ket cdng ddng dUde the hien d chd, qua nhflng thdng tin ve cic chi p h i i gia pha, ngfldi cflng mdt ddng hp vi mpt ly nao dd bi m a t lien lac, cd the tim dfldc n h a u d l i n g Bdi Khe, thdng qua viec c h i p ndi gia pha, n i m 1998 hp Le d i tim dUde mdt chi tpc cfla minh d T h a n h Hoa; hp Nhfl tim tha'y ndi p h i t tfch va cua hp minh d Hai DUdng v.v Vdi nhflng ddng hp ft bi t i c dpng bdi bien cd ljch sh 62 Nghien cifu Dong Nam A 3/20JJ_ qua gia pha ngUdi ta biet dUde c i c ehi, n g i n h hp minh d dau de tri q u a n he ddng hp H i n g n i m , cac chi hp N g u y i n True mdt sd' xa thudc huyen Qud'c Oai ( H i Tay) v i n t u hpp ve n h a thd hp d Bdi Khe de gid td v i viec hp; hp D i o d (gdm ca mdt ehi d thdn Dai Dinh, xa Tam Hflng) h i n g n i m viee hp deu mdi ehi em d thdn La Ca (DUdng Ndi, H a Ddng) ve dfl v i ngfldc lai v.v Trong mdt n i m , nhfl da ndi, cae ddng hp d Bdi Khe deu td chflc gid td N g i y n i y , ngfldi ta khdng chi den n h i thd td de tfldng nhd td tien ma cdn de viec hp, de dung chung mdt hfla edm edng cam vd: nhflng ngfldi ddng tpc Nhieu ngfldi nd: r i n g , bfla i n n i y ri't d i e biet, khac vd: nhflng bfla i n thdng thfldng, bdi nd dfldc td chflc khdng gian thieng cua ngdi tfl dfldng, vdi nhflng cam xuc ve ngudn cdi, ve m i u mu, ngfldi t h a n Thflc te eung cho thi'y, tinh cam gifla nhflng ngfldi hp thfldng g i n bd, nhflng cudc sd'ng h i n g n g i y ddi cung cd lflc cd the xay nhflng khflc mac, m i u t h u a n nhd, thi qua bfla an cdng cam nay, kJidng gian thieng eua ngdi n h i thd td, ngdi chung mpt m a m edm, chflc n h a u mdt chen rfldu, tham gia vao cflng mpt c i u chuyen, nhi't la chuyen lien quan den hp h i n g se de d i n g xoi di nhflng b i t h o i , b a n g i n tinh cam td't dep vd'n cd Mpt d i e diem d l tha'y nfla la ngfldi ta r a t de cao tinh t h a n trach nhiem ciia cac t h a n h vien vdi nhflng cdng viec chung cua ddng hp Vi the nhflng ngfldi ddng gdp cho ddng hp ve m i t m a t k h i c deu dfldc ddng hp ghi n h i n , tdn trpng, d i n h gia cao va tfl b i o vdi hp khac ; , ;; T h a n h ngfl ed c i u "trong hp ngoai ling", nhUng lai cd c i u " b i n a n h em xa, mua l i n g gieng gan Vi the, ed ket ddng hp, cflng l i cflng cd mdi h e n ket c h i t che vdi ca cdng ddng l i n g Trong thflc te, khdng mdt ddng hp nao lai sd'ng t i c h biet, khdng cd mdt mdi lien he nao vdi cac hp k h i c l i n g Hp l i te bao ci'u true nen l i n g , hp va l i n g khdng the t i c h rdi, vi the' xet tdng the thi cd' ket hp eung l i cung cd' mdi q u a n he vdi c i c hp v i gifla cic hp vdi ca l i n g •.;!,; T h a y ldi k e t l u a n Ddng hp chfnh p h a n a n h lieh sfl cua mdt q u i t r i n h cdng cfl sinh sd'ng cua mpt nhdm ngfldi cd nhflng mdi lien he d i e biet ve nhieu phfldng dien Trong dd, nhu cau giflp dd gifla cac ca n h a n , gia dinh da p h i t sinh, tdn tai lau ben cudc sd'ng phflc tap ciia xa hpi trfldc day, va de'n truyen thd'ng ay v a n tdn tai k h a vflng chic d ndng thdn nhfl l i n g Bdi Khe Tuy khdng phai l i mpt cd sd kinh te san xua't, nhflng ddng hp cua ngUdi Viet la mdt td chflc tao nen mdi trfldng td't viec giao due truyen thd'ng hieu hpc, tri dao ly udng nude nhd ngudn, gan due khdi nhflng t r u y e n thd'ng td't dep cau d i n tpc Thflc te cho thi'y, mflc thfldng khuyen hpc eua c i c hp khdng cao nhflng nd thflc sfl cd t i c d u n g ddng vien the he tre hpc t i p , vi cac em cam tha'y vinh dfl, tfl hao dfldc dflng khdng gian linh thieng ciia ngdi n h a thd td de n h a n p h a n thfldng, dfldc ca hp ghi nhan, d a n h gia cao Dieu dflng vdi cau ndi cua ngfldi xfla: "nen tien cdng khdng b i n g mdt ddng tien thfldng" V i dd, theo thien nghT ciia chflng tdi, mud'n giao due h o i toan d i n , trfldc tien phai b i t dau tfl mdi Phgm Minh Phiie - Tim hieu vai trd eiia dong hg ngifdi Viet gia dinh, ddng hp Cd the ndi, gia dinh, ddng hp l i cd sd cd ban de thflc hien chien Ifldc n i y Ddng hp lien ket nhflng ngfldi hp b i n g sdi d i y huyet thd'ng, dfldc t h e hien rd nhi't qua gia pha/tde pha Nhflng khdng chi han che d y nghTa nhfl vay ma gia pha cdn l i mdt thfl "gia bao" ed g i i tri tren nhieu phfldng dien Rd rang, nhflng ldi gia hua'n, nhflng p h i m c h i t td't dep ghi gia pha v i n edn nguyen g i i tri tdi n g i y hdm Neu c h i u cua ddng hp n i o cung dfldc biet, dfldc nghe, ghi nhd nhflng ldi gia hui'n eiia td tien minh de lai, nei gfldng v i l i m theo thi c h i c r i n g nhflng hien tfldng tieu cflc, nhflng thdi hfl t a t xi'u, la san p h a m m a t trai cua nen kinh te thi trfldng, eua toan eau hoi se khdng ed cd hpi p h i t trien Ddng hp khdng chi lien ket nhflng ngfldi cd cflng huyet thd'ng mpt lang m i cd the ndi l i "sieu ling", m i ndi rdng l i ca xa hdi Viec t h a n h vien cua c i c chi hp k h i c ed chung ngudn gdc tri mdi quan he td't dep vdi n h a u the hien rd dieu n i y Ro r a n g viec cd' ket nhU vay la cd y nghia tich cue, va nd gdp p h a n q u a n trpng vao sU nghiep dai doan ket toan dan tpc chflng ta Ben canh nhflng m a t tfch cflc neu tren, cung can thay dfldc nhflng b a n che cua ddng ho Dd la tfl tfldng thi dua ngam khdng lanh m a n h , b i n g mpi each gay dflng the lflc cho hp minh b lang, nhfl viec ddn rudng t r a n h chflc Ly trfldng trfldc day, hay thi dua xay dflng, tu tao nha thd, md td mdt c i e h t h i i q u i nhfl hien Dieu dd ft nhieu gay khd k h i n cho mpt sd gia dinh d cac ddng hp 63 Tuy vay, can t i i k h i n g dinh r i n g , m a t tfch cflc cfla ddng hp la cd ban Va, dfl cho vai trd cfla ddng hp ddi sd'ng eua ngfldi dan l i n g xa cd sfl thay ddi so vdi trfldc day, song sfl tdn tai cua nd den t a n n g i y k h i n g dinh vai trd tich cflc cua nd, v i chflng ta can cd trach nhiem bao tdn, vun d i p , p h i t buy./ TAI L I E U THAM KHAO Phan Van Cac (1996), Nghien cUu cdc dong hg, cd sd khoa hgc vd phUdng hUdng gidi quyet cdc vdn de dgt Tap chf H i n Ndm, sd 3, tr.3 - Phan Dai Doan (1999), Co sd kinh teva the che tong phdp cua ddng hg ngUdi Viet, Tap Dan tpc hpc, sd 3, tr.3 - Nhieu tie gia (1997), Van hda cdc ddng hg d Nghe An (Ky yen Hpi thao khoa hpc), Nxb Nghe An, Nghe An Phan Chi Thinh (2003), ThUc chdt ciia ket cdu ddng hg ngUdi Viet ddi sd'ng ldng xd d ddng bdng Bae Bg, Tap Din tpc hpc, sd 3, tr 40 - 44 Tran Tfl (1984), Co cdu td chdc cua ldng Viet cd truyin d Bdc Bg, Nxb Khoa hpc xa hpi, H i Npi Tan Viet (1997), Viec hg, Nxb Van hoa dan tpc, Ha Npi , C H U THICH Phan Van Cac (1996), Nghien cdu cdc dong hg, ccf sd khoa hgc vd phUdng hUdng gidi quyet cdc vdn de dgt Tap chf Han Ndm sd 3, tr Mpt "mieng" titdng flng vdi 36m^ Tran Tfl (1984), Ccf cdu td chdc ciia ldng Viet cd truyen d Bae Bd, Nxb Khoa hpc xa hpi, Ha Npi, tr.68 ... 59 Pham Minh Phue - Tim hieu vai trd eua ddng hg ngitdi Viet 2.1 Dong truyen ho vd viec gan due khdi thd'ng vdn hoa tdt dep Trong lieh sfl nudc ta, ddng hp ddng vai trd ra't q u a n trpng cdng... hp ldn cdn ed ca cic ban chi tfl dfldng Cd nha thd hp xay each day vai the ky nhfl nah thd hp Le xiy Pham Minh Phite - Tim hieu vai trd eiia ddng hg ngifdi Viet 61 t i n g de eon chau cdn nhd... la cd ban Va, dfl cho vai trd cfla ddng hp ddi sd'ng eua ngfldi dan l i n g xa cd sfl thay ddi so vdi trfldc day, song sfl tdn tai cua nd den t a n n g i y k h i n g dinh vai trd tich cflc cua