,.>'- *^ v-iitUy-y '•U '- Nii'i'.J V-M QUAN HE V6l TU NHIEN CUA NGUdi VIET BAC BO • • QUA MOT SO BIEU TUONG DONG VAT •'iuO U \ ' i U ' " \ TRAN THUY ANH=' C on ngftdi sd'ng tft nhien, song cftng tft nhien va sd'ng vdi tft nhien Ngftdi Viet Bac Bd men theo, nftdng theo "tft nhien cd trftdc" cua minh de gIng gdi tim thii dp ftng xif linh boat vdi tinh hai mat nhft la quy luat thftdng hing cua tu nhien: tich cftc va tieu cftc Trong mdi quan he chat che gifta ngftdi vdi tft nhien - mpt ba dinh ciia tam gilc ngftdi - tft nhien - xa hpi ay, ngftdi Viet da Ifta chilu thien nhien phftc tap de xiy dftng nen lich sii van hda cua minh Hp tan dung nhftng gi ciia tft nhien cd ldi cho minh, dd'i mat vdi nhftng bl't cap ma nd dfta tdi, gang thich nghi td'i ftu va td'i da vdi moi trftdng song, gang can bing vdi nd tren nIn tang thien - dia - nhan vdi mong mdi tim dftdc "tieng ndi chung" Tieng ndi chung ay chinh la thai dp ftng xii ciia ngftdi Viet Bic Bp vdi Trdi (khi quyen), Da't (Dia quyen), Nftdc (Thiiy quyen), Dpng, Thftc Vat (Sinh quyen) , vdi cac he sinh thii phftc tap, da dang, hdn dung bao quanh: rftng nui, ddi, cao nguyen, chiu thd, dam lay, sdng bien, ao hd, rupng vftdn, chudng trai Con trau Con vat gan gui nha't vdi nha ndng la triu Ben canh hinh anh trau la bd Day la nhftng loai ddng vat thich nghi dftdc vdi he sinh thai dam lay, ndng, am Khi xfta, vung dam lay Dong Nam a la ndi sinh song ciia trau rftng, td tien cua trau nha ngiy Cac nha khao cd hpc cung da tim tha'y hda thach loli trau cIc hang dpng d Lang Sdn, Hoang Lien Sdn, Nghe An, Ha Tinh dp chftng tren dftdi vai chuc van nam cich Gan hdn, cich tren dftdi mpt van nam, tai vai hang dpng cd di tich cua van hda Hda Binh, cac nha khao cd cung tim thi'y xftdng trau bd ben canh hda thach mpt so' hat cay trdng Sau xftdng trau bd nha dftdc tim tha'y b Trang Kenh (Hai Phdng), Tien Hpi, Dinh Chang (Ha Npi), Dong Dau (Vinh Phuc) Gidi nghien cftu ket luan: cich 5000-6000 nam thupc cud'i thdi da mdi, trau da dftdc thuan phuc va thuan dftdng cung vdi sft ddi cua nghi ndng trdng lua b ddng bing ven bien va thung Iftng chan nui Con trau xul't hien b dam lay Que hftdng cua cay lua cftng b *TS Tran Thiiy Anh, Khoa Du lich hoc DHKHXH&NV 26 Nghien citu Ddng Nam A 912010 day Vi vay mac nhien trau va cly Ifta gin bd vdi ri't lau, tren mpt chang dftdng dai tft thud ban dau hoang da den dftdc ngftdi thuan hda: Trau di! Ta bdo trau ndy! Trau ngodi rugng trau cay vdi ta Cay cay vdn nghiep ndng gia Ta day, trau day md quan cdng Bao gid cay Ida cd bong Thdi ngon co ngodi ddng trau dn Ndi cudc sd'ng ndng nghiep b i t diu, tft hii lua dai dam lay, ngftdi phu nft chuyen din sang cdng viec trdng lua Cdn ngftdi dan ong lam cdng viec t h u i n dftdng trIu nha tft nhftng trau rftng dft, cd vdc sftng rpng, dai va di chuyen nhanh hdn trIu nha CO xfta la cay bing nftdc, dfta nftdc vio rupng, dfta trau xud'ng giim cd, sue bun gpi la thiiy nau De chuan bi da't trdng Ifta, trIu cftng vdi ndng dan giim nat cd va bun Do vay, tren cInh ddng, canh tftdng sinh dpng thudng thay la: Tren dong can, diidi dong sau Chdng cay vd cay trau di biia Tft vat chftng la nhftng Iftdi cay nhieu loai nIn van hda Ddng Sdn tai Co Loa va mdt so' vftng khac, cIc nha khao cd "bit dl't da ndi ldi" (chft dftng ciia PGS.TS Dd Lai Thuy) qua viec cly bing trIu keo tft nhftng Iftdi cly I'y d chau thd BIC Bp Con trau dung de keo cay, keo gd, xe trau di lang, tren dftdng xa, trau dinh giac nhftng trftdc bet va quan trpng nhi't, "con trau la diu cd nghiep", la to' hftu cd va can ban ciia nIn ndng nghiep trdng Ifta nftdc Ngftdi Viet yeu quy trau bd, chd, gl, Idn, nhftng trau va chd la hai vat hp Tft thftc tien rudng ddng, trau bftdc dinh nhilu tinh cam nhi't Thai dp ftng xii cua ngftdi Viet vdi cIc vat yeu quy cd vao cuoc sd'ng ddi thftdng cua cft dan Viet phan khic vdi ngftdi phftdng Tay Ngftdi ri't sau sic Ca dao, tuc ngft the hien hinh Viet nhin cac vat b i t dau vdi tinh chl't anh trau gan gui va sinh dpng: ^ •' : ji^^i; de phuc vu nhu cau thftc pham cd that cua cuoc so'ng Them nfta, cIc nghi ll Td khoi bdo ••i-i'!; I: sti ndng nghiep, trau dftdc dung 11 vat Trdu budc thi ghet trau dn ''-^ hien sinh Trong cIc nghi thftc chie'n tran Trdu thit thi gdy '''^'^ vl ll mftng chien thing xfta, trau la Trdu cdy thi beo ,, vat lim thit de khao quan Tren be mat Kinh nghiem cua ngftdi ndng dan la: nhieu trdng ddng nftdc ta, nghi le dam Trdu ndm sau tuoi nhanh trIu de te ll dftdc the hien ri't ro va cu the Mpt nhftng phftdng thftc canh tic Bo ndm sau tudi dd tranh coi gid '' Trdn Thi Thuy Anh - Quan he vdi tu nhieiuua ngUdi Viet Bdc Bd Dong chiem xin chd nudi bo Miia ddng thdng gid bo ldm ' Nhftng quan he ftng xvi gia dinh cung dftdc the hien qua hinh anh trau: 27 td chftc tai nftdc ta da lay trau lam bieu tftdng, nhft mpt nhftng hinh dung v l van hda ndng nghiep Viet Nam Con cho Cftng vdi Idn, chd 11 gia sue bd'n chan gin gui vdi ndng dan Tft thdi dai da Lai them nghe, ciic long thdng chdn va thftc tien san thu, chd la "ban bd'n " Trdu anh cdi, dong chan" ciia ngftdi rat sdm Tren trdng Cd di triidc, long thong theo sau ddng Ddng Sdn va mpt so' ddng khac, chd dftdc khic d nhilu tft the khic Trdu ken co bd ao Ve mat t i m linh chd d l gift vai Anh khdng vd ddi ndo cd trd canh gac, trft ta la kha phd bien d cIc ,Tdu trdu, lay vd, ldm nhd lang que ngftdi Viet xfta Huyen tich vl Cd ba viec ay that Id khd thay me Ly Cdng Uan md thay than chd da rdi Ngftdi ndng dan yeu quy v l ngdi ca que cd mang va sinh dng tftng dftdc ghi hftdng, xdm lang cua minh, cd phan mpt so' sii sich, than tich Han Ndm, v l Iftu truyin dan gian Kinh Bic cftc doan, thai qui: xfta Bao tang Bac Ninh hien cdn Iftu gift ,, Trdu ddng ta dn co dong ta ri't nhieu chd da kich c6 to nhd khac nhau, Tuy rdng co cut nhiing md co thdm cd mpt so' cdn dftdc khic ca chft "Than Trdu ta dn co ddng ta Cau" (Chd than) vio Iftng, vao bung Tham chudng la, ddt qua dong ngiidi Theo GS Tran Qud'c Vftdng, dan gian vftng cd Loa vin quan niem Dl't chd de la dl't Ddng ngiidi cd td't nhiing hdi lanh Qua dd, cho thay chd 11 vat rat Ddng ta co xdu, nhiing bui, trdu dn gan gui vdi ngftdi Viet tft xa xfta Chd Trau di vao the gidi tam linh ngftdi khdn, hieu y ngftdi va trung vdi Viet, vdi tftdng dl't nung dftdc tim thi'y chu Nha ndng dung chd de gift nha cung mpt vai di chi cich hdn 3000 vi nd rat tinh khdn: nam Trau cd mat tranh din gian, Chd gia nhd, gd gdy trdng canh dieu khac dinh ling Hinh anh tre Chd ba khoanh mdi ndm, ngiidi ba ndm chan trau thdi tren Iftng trau la bieu tftdng tuyet dep cua ndng thon Viet Nam mdi ndi yen binh, day cam xuc Trau cung la ten Cho ddu cd sua chd khong gpi cua mpt mftdi lam bp lac hdp Chdng thdng ke trdm thdi dng dn may nftdc Van Lang Nd cung trd t h i n h Din gian ri't thich: mpt ma nghia lich: cd gid trau, ngiy Chd khdn ta tuc huyen de trIu, thang trau, nam trau Nhft vay, trau - Trdu anh cdi, dong da trd mpt net van hda dac thu ciia Viet Nam Gan day nhat, SEA GAME 22 Tai thi hdi cdp, dudi thi hdi cong bdi hp quan niem nudi chd chu nha 28 Nghien cicu Ddng Nam A 912010 se dftdc nhilu ldc Hp se khdng chpn loai chd: Giong ndo mom nhon dit vong An cdn cdn bay ay khdng gi Nhftng cftng nhft trau, ngftdi Viet van an thit nd Chftng tdi v i n cho ring vi vat chl't quyet dinh y thftc nen cIc vat trftdc di vao van hda, ngftdi Viet chi ddn thuan nhin nd tft gdc nhin kha thftc te la vat thftc pham Sau niy mdi cd y thftc trau, chd 11 ban ciia ngftdi Chung tdi cung cho r i n g ngftdi Viet cd anh hftdng sau sac tft dao Phat nen quan niem r i n g an nd 11 hda kie'p cho nd sang mpt ddi song khac, sang kiep khac Ngftdi Viet giet ga, •yit, ngan, ngdng hay nhft nhan vat lao Hac ciia van chftdng Viet Nam sau cai chet ciia chd than thiet deu nghi hoac ndi ldi ring: "Ta hda kiep cho may" Day 11 mpt each quan niem cua ngftdi Viet Conltfn Khoang 10.000 - 6.000 nam cich nay, bftdc dau thdi da mdi ndng nghiep da hinh ro net hdn, Idn da dftdc thuan dftdng sau nhdt vao mpt hang rao khep kin Khi chung tft Idn rftng bien Idn nha, qua bao ddi, ngftdi ndng din due rut rat nhilu kinh nghiem: Ldn ra, gd thd Nudi ldn thi phdi vdt beo Chdn ldn ba ndm khdng bdng chdn tdm mot laa Gidu nudi ldn diic, khd nudi ldn cdi Chuong ldn hUdng ddng, thd cdng hudng bdc • i^ Ldn 11 vat thftc pham quan trpng ciia ngftdi ndng dan Viet Thit ldn cd mat cac mdn bun cha, gid lua, gid thii, lam nhan cho banh chftng, banh cud'n, banh gid, nem, mpc diu la dac san ciia Viet Nam khdng ndi dau cd Ldn cdn xuat hien mdn thit ddng, thit kho Tau, dac biet da ldn che mdn bdng bi ludn cd tren mam cdm Tet Ngay xfta da cd lang nudi ldn thd Sau t i n hdn, neu phat hien co dau khdng cdn trinh tiet, nha trai se dem de'n cai thu ldn bi xeo tai sang nha gii nhft mot hinh thftc "tra lai cd diu" Dan gian quan niem "Ngu nhft ldn"; "Ban nhft ldn" bdi ldn qua hiln, lai vi tap tinh thich dam minh bun va chl't thai Nhftng ldn de nhilu con, nhilu Ifta nen dan gian cung lay day la hinh anh ciia hanh phuc "con chau day dan" ap vao ddi sd'ng ngftdi Tre Viet cdn cd thdi quen dftng ldn dat nung bd tiln tiet kiem Con ldn dftdc the hien ri't thu vi tren ba loai tranh dan gian Ddng Hd: ldn dan (sinh sdi), ldn dpc (anh hung), ldn an II day (tft nhien, hda hdp) chftng td ldn la vat bet sftc gan gui than quen cua van hda Viet Con ga Ngftdi Viet rat yeu ga, du b i t dau cung tft y nghi ring day la ngudn thftc phim ngon llnh, hi'p din Con ga trdng gay bio hieu binh minh, mat trdi da len, ngftdi ndng dan ddng lam viec: "Chd gift nha, ga gay trdng canh" Ga mai dftng gifta dan ga lai la hinh anh quay quan, hanh phftc, dam am, tha thiet tinh miu tii Tinh miu tii cang the hien thiet tha hdn qua sa xuo'ng san toan b i t ga con: "Oi •' Trdn Thi Thuy Anh - Quan he vdi tUnhiencua • ngUdi Viet Bdc Bd 29 Gd llic me, gd chiu chut - Gd den chdn trdng, me mdng cung mua Gd me lg.c con, mieng tuc chdn biidi Gd trdng chdn chi mua chi gidng ay Cftng vdi nhftng vat khac, ga lam nen mdt khdng gian lang que Viet binh di, diu dang: Gd ve bdi ndt co sdn Ldn ra, gd thd Nudi gd phdi chon gid'ng gd Gd ri be gid'ng nhiing md de mau Con ga cho mam cdm ngftdi Viet cd thit, cd trftng, che bien dftdc nhilu mdn an tft Cho ndm he gap vo khoai loai vat Nd cd mpt vi tri ldn van hda am thftc Viet Nd xua't hien Ldn ngdi ui ddt ngam hdi gdy go tranh dan gian tftdi vui, bieu thi hanh b gdc dp tham my, ldn thi xi'u xi phuc Tren mpt net nghia nao dd d gdc dp nhftng ga k h i dep Ban thd ngftdi Viet van hda, hinh anh ga trdng dftdc "ma Tet, gid deu cd ga lupc nguyen hda" la dng mat trdi, dem binh minh den con, md ngam nu hoa hdng Cd le day cung cho cudc sd'ng ngftdi la loai dpng vat nha't xua't hien tren mam cdm cftng gid cua ngftdi Viet d dang Con meo gift nguyen hinh bli go'c Cac mdn an tft ga dftdc due kinh nghiem truyin lai Ngftdi Viet trftdc day khong coi meo la dan gian that phong phu: "nguyen heu" che bien mdn an Trong lich 12 gilp, meo dftng vi tri chi thft Con gd cue tdc Id chanh tft, cftng cap vdi hd, cung la vat cung Gd td xdo vdi miidp gid hp vdi nd vl mat sinh hpc Trong lich Chdng hai mUdi mdi vd dd sau mUdi Trung Qud'c, Han Qud'c, Nhat Ban Gd Hd ndu vdi mdng mai khdng cd meo ma la thd Dieu cung vdi nhftng cung each ftng x i cha khien lich ma ngftdi Viet vin dung den ngiy cd them net dac biet Ngftdi Viet me day cho cii, nhftng bli hpc d ddi: nudi meo de b i t chupt va cho ring day la Dftng: vat cd ich Tuy nhien ngftdi Viet Gd que dn qudn cdi xay khong dinh gia v l yeu meo hdn chd An di dn lai cdi ndy mot cdu Trong y nghi ciia hp, chd hien hdn vi H o a c : ' " '!''•.' ;:,••''' ,• ; : : - • ^' ' ddi m i t meo ri't hoang dai Du meo khong lanh nd v i n la vat gin bd vdi hp Ca Gd khdn gd chdng dd lang dao, tuc ngft Viet it tha'y nhftng cau khen Gdi khdn gdi chdng bo ldng, gdi di meo Thftdng thi'y hai loai hinh van Gd gid kheo lidp lai td hpc dan gian nhftng cau mang net Na dong trang diem, gdi td mdt chong nghia che Cam xuc cua hp khd clt Hay each nuoi ga, chpn gid'ng ga, la nghia "den ndi den chd'n": Meo budn lg.i chg,y kiem dn ngo ngodi nhftng tri thftc dan gian thu vi: ;4.>' ; ,