>'.^s'i h,-h j^ifevi-jj''; 'i'l'l • itiw'lAlH-•••*'i •'-'•-^'"'f'-' •v ;•, t • i ' n o u i r.Kii, os!,rin 7E'{ ;.;; :f Quan he cha me - cai • ,;UUJ.! < gia dinh theo quan niem cua kinh Quran * ••:." ' VU VAN CHUNG* K hdng chi vdi Cdng giio giao ly va dac biet la kinh Thanh nhi'n manh va quan tam siu sic tdi van d l hon nhan gia dinh, ma Hdi giao cftng ri't coi trpng van dl hdn nhan va gia dinh, coi dd nhft la mpt "chien Iftdc" de phat trien dao, cung cd' vl giao due dftc tin Dilu dftdc nhIc den nhilu lan treng kinh Qur'an Neu nhft kinh Thinh cho ring viec lap gia dinh la tft ban tinh quy hftdng ve sft sinh san va giao due d i Con d i la an hue cao quy nha't ciia hdn nhan va la sft ddng gdp ldn lao kien tao hanh phftc ciia cha me: "Con d i la hdng an ciia Chua, minh sinh 11 phan thftdng Chua ban"(Tv 127;3) Thi doi vdi kinh Qur'an viec lap gia dinh cung khdng ngoai muc dich Lap gia dinh de sinh san va nudi day d i vfta la trach nhiem nang n l nhftng cung la nghia vu vinh quang dd'i vdi cha me Con d i khdng phai la ganh nang ddi vdi cha me, ma la nilm hanh phuc, la an hue Allah ban cho "Ngai ban gai cho ngftdi nio Ngii mud'n va trai cho ngftdi nao Ngai mud'n" (Surah 42 r.BV ^^ Ash-Shftra;49) Chinh vi vay, vai trd giio due cua cha me vdi cai gia dinh dftdc kinh Qur'an dac biet de cao Cha me chinh la b l tdi cua Allah va dftdc nhan an siing cua Allah, dftdc Allah giao cho trpng trich phai ludn sd'ng dung mftc, nhan nghia de lam gftdng cho d i "Ngftdi chi la mpt ngftdi b l tdi cua Allah Allah ban an cho Ngftdi va lay Ngftdi l i m mpt gftdng cho chau cua Ngftdi" (Surah 43 AzZukhrut;59) Tuy nhien, van de sinh trai hay gai gia dinh dftdc Kinh Qur'an dl cap den ri't cu the Quan diem kinh Qur'an cd nhieu diem khac vdi Cftu ftdc vl phu nft, b i t dau sau phu nft dftdc sinh VI du, Cftu ftdc ndi ring thdi ky d ue cua ngftdi dan ba neu sinh gii thi dai gl'p hai so vdi sinh trai "Khi mpt ngftdi d i n ba cd thai va sinh trai, thi se ue vdng bay ngay^' va "Neu sinh gai, thi ngftdi dan ba se ue vdng hai tuan"(Lv 12:2-5) Cdn Kinh Qur'an chdng lai sft p h i n biet dd, cho ring d ngftdi phu nft viec sinh trai Vu Van Chung, TrUdng DHKHXH&NV, DH Quoc Gia Ha Noi lliiOlfe as' Yjiydn Chung - Quan he cha me vd cdi gia dinh theo quan va gai la nhft n h a u , sft r a ddi cua ccn gai cung la mpt An s u n g cua Allah niem 67 Qur'an t h a m chi nhac den mdn qua ciia sft r a ddi be g i i d i u tien: M u h a m m a d d a t cau hdi "Hoac phai chang "Allah n i m q u y l n thd'ng tri d c t a n g Ngai (Allah) chi cd gai cdn cac ngUdi trdi va trai dl't Ngai tad boa vat gi Ngai thi trai?"(Sftrah 52 At-Tur;39) mud'n Ngai b a n gai cho ngftdi nao Trftdc ky nguyen Hdi giao xa hpi A r a p cd tuc le chdn sd'ng be g i i tft Iftc sd Ngai mud'n va trai cho ngftdi nao Ngai mud'n"(Sftrah 42 Ash-Shura;49) sinh, h u tuc trpng n a m k h i n h nft Kinh Dft la trai hay g i i , cho du Qur'an da chdng lai t a p q u i n Qur'an bat ky hoan canh n i o , cha me cftng khdng cftc life chi trich hii tuc cftc ky t a n ac dd: cd q u y l n lam tdn hai den cai Sft sd'ng Phai ndi r i n g tdi p h a m dpc Ic da cd chet ciia d i la d Allah quyet dinh the khdng dftng lai d a rap, nd khdng d a n h Neu cha me vi b a t ky mot ly nao dd ma cho sftc m a n h cua d c tft ngft nghiem k h i c giet d i thi dd bi coi la mpt trpng tdi m l Qur'an da dung de chi trich hii tuc ri't n a n g va dang bi trftng p h a t "Chd sd •vi "Va mpt ngftdi bpn hp n h a n dftdc ngheo m l giet ciia cac ngftdi, Allah tin v l mpt dfta gai (ciia y vfta mdi chao cung d p ldc a n cho chftng va cho ca cac ddi), thi gftdng m a t y td'i sam lai sudt n g i y ngftdi nfta Chac chan viec giet la mpt vl trpng tpi".(Surahl7.Al-Isra;31) cd' din ndi budn (Surahl6.An-Nahl;58); Hay long" "Va mpt ngftdi bpn hp n h a n dftdc tin v l thi du (ndi ve gai) ma hp da b I y dat cho Dl'ng Ar-Rahman (Allah), gftdng m a t cua y sa sIm, ngap tran dau thftdng" Do dac thft ciia ddi sd'ng k i n h te - xa hpi tren ban dao a r a p va sft thd'ng tri cua thiet che gia dinh p h u q u y l n , vai trd ciia dan dng trdi hdn dan ba, dan dng la chii gia dinh, nen d c bac cha me thftdng mong (Surah43.Az-Zukhruf;17); "VI d c be mud'n cd trai hdn gai Kinh Qur'an gai bi chon sdng (theo tuc le cua ngftdi A dfta r a nhftng quy dinh bupc cha me phai rap vad thdi ky trftdc Islam) se dftdc t r a dd'i xif cdng b i n g vdi d c con, khdng p h a n hdi" "Vi tdi gi m l be bi gie't?"(Sftrah81.At- biet trai, g i i Mdt mat, ngftdi n a m gidi Takwir;8-9) Hdn nfta, Qur'an khdng p h a n dftdc giao trpng trach lo toan ve kinh te biet gifta be t r a i va be gai Qur'an coi sft r a gia dinh nen "Allah lenh cho cac ddi ciia be gai la mpt mdn qua va an hue tft ngftdi ve viec d i cua d c ngftdi hftdng Thftdng De, gidng nhft sft ddi ciia be gia tai (nhft sau): P h a n ciia trai b i n g trai hai p h i n cua gai Nhftng neu chi cd "Y nhuc n h a lan trdn thien vi h u n g gai va sd gai n h i l u hdn hai, thi tin vfta mdi n h a n Y phai gift nd (dfta be p h i n ciia t a t ca d c gai la bai p h i n ba gai) lai tui nhuc h a y phai chdn sd'ng (2/3) cua gia tai de lai; va neu chi cd mpt no dudi da't? i xdt xa t h a y dieu may dfta gai thi p h a n cua nft la p h i n nifa quye't dinh" ( S u r a h 16.An-Nahl;59) (1/2) gia tai de lai"(Sftrah4.An-Nisa';ll) 68 Cha me phai cd trach nhiem giao due cai trftdng va phai tao dftng dftc tin cho d i De d i thftc sft trd trilu thien cha me dpi tren diu, Allah mong mud'n cha me phai quan tam nudi dUdng ca the xic lan tinh than cho d i "Va nhftng cd dftc tin va d i cua hp cftng theo hp Dftc tin, Allah se cho d i ciia hp doan tu vdi hp (trong Thien Dlng)"(Sftrah.52.At-Tur;21) Cha me la ngftdi dinh hftdng nilm tin cho d i nen Qur'an nghiem cam viec cha me cho d i kit hdn vdi ngftdi da t h i n giad "Va chd kit bdn vdi cac phu nft thd da t h i n cho den nao hp cd dftc tin (ndi Allah) bdi vi mpt phu nft nd le cd dftc tin td't hdn mpt ngftdi phu nft da t h i n diu ring hp quyen ru d c ngftdi Va chd ket hon (con gii cua cac ngftdi) cho nhftng ngftdi dan dng thd da than chd den nao chftng cd dftc tin (ndi Allah) bdi -vi mpt ngftdi nd le nam cd dftc tin td't hdn mot ngftdi dan ong thd da than dau r i n g chftng quyen rft cac ngftdi".(Surah2.Al-Baaarah;221) Bdi viec ket hdn se tao nguy cd chong lai Allah, lam mat di sft thuan khie't ddi so'ng tdn giao cung nhft xa hpi Neu cai khdng nghe ldi cha me, di ngftdc lai chinh dao, tftc la chdng dd'i lai menh lenh ciia Allah, tin theo ta than thi luc dd cha me cd the khai trft dfta hft hdng dd khdi gia dinh, Allah phin: "Ngftdi se khdng tim thay mpt dam ngftdi nao da cd dftc tin ndi Allah va Ngay (Phan xif) Cudi cung lai ket than vdi la ngftdi chdng dd'i Allah va Sft Gia cua Ngai diu rang dd la cha me, d i , anh em hay ba Nghien cim Ddng Nam A 9/2010 rupt thit ciia hp di nfta" (Surah58.AlMujadilah;22) : , , u ,• , , Ben canh nhftng quy dinh v l trach nhiem va nghia vu cua cha me vdi d i , kinh Qur'an cftng dl cao truyen thd'ng dao hieu Trong gia dinh Muslim, van de bieu thao vdi cha me la dilu b i t bupc, -vi Allah da phan vdi y nghia nhft sau: "Va Rabb (Allah) ciia Ngftdi (Muhammad) quyet dinh ring, d c ngftdi chi thd phung rieng Ngai, va an d tif te vdi cha me Ne'u mpt hai ngftdi (cha me) hoac ca hai ngftdi (cha me) sd'ng vdi ngftdi den tudi gia, chd ndi tieng 'uff vd le vdi hai ngUdi (cha me), va chd xua dudi hai ngftdi (cha me), ma phai an ndi vdi hai ngftdi (cha me) ldi le ton kinh' (Surah 17.A1- Isra';23) "VI hay nhan tft dd'i xif khiem nhftdng vdi cha me va (cau nguyen) thfta: - Lay Rabb cua b l tdi! Xin Ngai rii ldng thftdng cha me cua b l tdi gid'ng nhft hai ngftdi da thftdng yeu, cham sdc be tdi luc hay cdn be" (Sftrah 17.A1- Isra';24) Qua y nghia ciia ddng thien kinh tren, Allah da lenh cho ngftdi chi dftdc phep thd phung d Ngai Duy Nhi't, chft khdng dftdc thd phung hay vat gi ddng dang vdi Ngii Sau dd, Allah cd phan la d i phai hieu thao vdi cha me, phai do'i x^ tif te vdi hp, khdng dftdc ndi ldn tieng dft chi mpt tieng "uff' vdi cha me, khdng dftdc cd nhftng thii dp vd le vdi hp, neu lim cho cha me dau budn thi cai dd se khdng bao gid dat Khi cha me da ve gia, sftc khde trd nen yeu dudi, doi tinh tinh cd sft thay ddi V_dV_dn Chung - Quan he cha me vd cdi gia dinh theo quan niem 69 hdi khd tinh, nhftng bdn p h a n lam hieu thao vdi cha me dft cha hay me la phai cd g I n g chiu dftng va n h i n nai, phai ngftdi ngoai dao nhft Do T h i i giao, Thien bet ldng lo l i n g v l c h a m sdc hp nhft hp da Chfta G i l o hay nhftng tdn giao khac Vi cham sdc cho cai cdn be Dia •vi ciia Allah da p h a n vdi y nghia: "Va Ta da cha me da dftdc Allah ndi den r a t n h i l u t r u y i n lenh cho ngftdi ve viec hieu thien k i n h Qur'an, neu dd bat thao vdi cha me Me ciia y cftu m a n g y tft bieu vdi cha me hoac l a m cho hp budn, thi dau yeu (gian khd") len dau yeu khac, Allah se khdng t h a thft cho ngftdi dd va cho y bft va dftt sfta y vdng bai Khi cha me da ve gia hay da qua ddi, tbi bdn p h a n ciia cai luc nao cung cd the cau xin vdi Allah cho hp C i u xin Allah t h a thft va b a n sft td't l l n h cho hp dd cftng la d i l u hftu ich ma bdn p h a n lam phai hieu thao vdi cha me n a m ; bdi the, hay t a dn ciia Ta 'Allah' va biet dn cha me cua ngftdi, cuoi cftng n h a ngftdi se trd v l lai gap Ta" "Va neu cha me cua ngftdi dau t r a n h b i t ngftdi gan ghep vdi Ta nhftng ke (vat, dilu) m l ngftdi khdng h i biet den thi chd nghe ldi hai ngftdi, nhftng a n d t ^ te vdi hai ngftdi d ddi Van de hieu t h a o vdi cha me cung dftdc nay" (Surah 31.Luman; 14-15) Hdi giao ri't coi trpng, xep vao h a n g thft nhi sau viec Cau nguyen (Sgo-lah), dftng trftdc sft T h a n h Chie'n (Jihad) hay hy sinh tren dftdng phuc •vu dao giao vi Allah (tif vi dao h a y viec l i m cd phftdc dftc khic ), cho nen sft hieu thao vdi cha me la dilu ri't q u a n trpng Hdi giio ma ngftdi Muslim phai t u a n theo Qua y nghia cua a y a t tren, Allah da r a lenh cho ngftdi phai hieu thao vdi cha me Ngftdi me da m a n g n a n g de dau, ganh vac tft khd cftc n i y den khd khac, tft mdi cd m a n g cho den sinh t h a n h , ngftdi cha thi d i m mfta dai n i n g di kiem t i l n v l nudi gia dinh Sau sinh con, cha me phai t r a i qua mot thdi ky cham sdc Theo q u a n niem cua K i n h Qur'an, hieu lo l i n g cho tft gipt sfta den mieng an, thao la mpt nhftng sft h a n h dao ri't tft quan ao den sftc khde, lo lang du dieu quan trpng cua Hdi giao, phftc ldc ciia nd cho den dfta biet ndi, t i n h thftdng r a t nhieu va se dftdc Allah b a n cho d tren ciia ngftdi me da d a n h het ba p h a n tft cho ddi cung nhft Ngay Sau Ngftdc lai dfta Dft mdi cd mang, chfta biet dfta nhftng ngftdi bl't hieu vdi cha me, Allah la t r a i hay g i i , nhftng cha me vl't va se cho hp thi'y sft trftng p h a t ciia Allah lam -viec de kiem t i l n m u a s I m va da cd dd'i vdi hp t r e n t h e gian n a y va d Ngay ke hoach cho nd c h i o ddi, tinh Sau Cau xin Allah cho c h u n g t a dftng thUdng va sft lo l i n g tft dau neu dd vi'p phai tdi b i t hieu vdi cha me, vi dd la khdng phai t i n h thftdng ciia Allah da mpt trpng tdi ddi vdi Allah va Ngai trftng ban cho hp de biet lo dii d i l u cho con, cho p h a t r a t nang nen phai ta dn Allah, rdi biet dn sinh ,., Allah cung r a lenh cho cai phai t h a n h ciia cha me da sinh r a ta 70 '••' Nghien citu Ddng Nam A 9/2010 Tuy nhien, Allah cung n h I c nhd vdi lam cho cha me budn p h i l n ma cha me chftng ta r i n g : ldn len hay da cd t r i c h khdng t h a thft trftdc k h i dfta chet nhiem, mpt cha me ep budc hay b i t di, thi dfta dd se khdng vao dftdc thien d i phai tdn thd ai, hay lam d i l u gi ma dang ciia Allah Allah cam, chftng ta cd q u y l n tft chdi, n h a t la tren phftdng dien t a m linh hay thd phftdng, ta khdng dftdc t u i n theo n h a n tao de bl't t u a n vdi Dang Tao Hda Nhftng khdng phai vi the ma chftng ta bd rdi hay td t h i i dp khdng hda n h a va bl't Nhft vay, q u a n he gifta cha me va d i gia dinh theo q u a n niem cua kinh Q u r ' a n cd mpt y nghia n h a n van s i u s i c Nhftng quy dinh v l trach nhiem va nghia vu ciia cha me vdi cai, bdn phan hieu vdi hp, ngftdc lai Hdi giao b i t chftng va dao hieu ciia d i vdi cha me ta phai ddi xii tii te vdi hp nhft cung p h u n g gia dinh Muslim cd gia tri n h a n van sau tien bac, p h u n g dftdng lo l i n g sftc khde sac Khdng chi gdp p h a n tao nen nhftng cho hp, ca di dfta dam t a n g hp ne'u hp c h u a n mftc cho ddi sd'ng gia dinh Muslim, khong phai cung dao tao nen mpt thiet che gia dinh cd tdn ti Sau dd Allah da t r u y i n xud'ng ddng t r a t tft vdi t i n h thftdng v l ldng n h a n kinh Qur'an vdi y nghia: "Allah khdng bao la gifta d c t h a n h vien Dd la cd sd cho cam d c ngftdi ddi xif tif te va cdng b i n g mpt xa hpi dn dinh, d dd sft t u a n phuc vdi nhftng khdng d a n h cac ngftdi va Allah the hien t i n h n h a n ai, bao la, tinh khong true x u a t d c ngftdi r a khdi n h i cua yeu thftdng gifta ngftdi vdi ngftdi d c ngftdi vi van d l tdn giao, bdi vi qua gia dinh v l toan xa hpi./ t h a t Allah yeu thftdng nhftng ngftdi cdng bing" (Surah 60.A1 -Mumtahinah;8) Hdi giao keu gpi chftng t a phai ddi xif tii te hda nha, cong b i n g vdi mpi ngftdi dft ; CHU THICH ngftdi dd khdng phai cung dao, ngoai trft nhftng ngftdi n i o td t h a i dp chd'ng dd'i lai Hdi giao, du 11 ngftdi t h a n tin Hdi giao d i e biet de cao t i n h m i u tit, tI'm long ciia ngftdi me dftdc nhac den nhft mpt d n h ciia vdi day yeu thftdng de chao ddn nhftng dfta ngoan dftdc trd ve vdi Allah n g i y p h a n xet cud cung ndi Thien dftdng Muhammad ndi ring: "Thien dftdng d dftdi chan d c ba me"^^^ Dieu cung cho chung ta hieu r i n g , nhftng dfta n i o cd gay nen ldi l l p i hay D i n theo Phan The Chau (1973), Hoi gido luge khdo, A.Abdul Rajack va S.M.Mindine phat hanh, tr 10 D i n theo Will Durant , Lich sd vdn minh A Rap, Nguyin Hie'n Le dich, Nxb Van hoa Thong tin Ha Npi, 2006, tr.71 Ban Dai Dien Cpng Ddng Hdi Giao TP Hd Chi Minh, Kinh Qur'an (y nghia - Ngi dung), NgUdi dich Hassan Abdul Larim, Nxb Tdn giao, 2001 Toa tdng Giam muc TP Hd Chi Minh, Kinh Thdnh trgn bg Ciiu Udc vd Tdn udc, Nxh TP Hd Chi Minh, 1998 ... cai dd se khdng bao gid dat Khi cha me da ve gia, sftc khde trd nen yeu dudi, doi tinh tinh cd sft thay ddi V_dV_dn Chung - Quan he cha me vd cdi gia dinh theo quan niem 69 hdi khd tinh, nhftng... tif te vdi cha me Ne'u mpt hai ngftdi (cha me) hoac ca hai ngftdi (cha me) sd'ng vdi ngftdi den tudi gia, chd ndi tieng 'uff vd le vdi hai ngUdi (cha me), va chd xua dudi hai ngftdi (cha me),...Yjiydn Chung - Quan he cha me vd cdi gia dinh theo quan va gai la nhft n h a u , sft r a ddi cua ccn gai cung la mpt An s u n g cua