Tgp chi Ddn tpc hoc so - 2014 QUAN HE DAN TOC XUYEN BIEN GlOfI TRONG HOAT ©ONG KINH TE MOT SO TOC NGU*6fI VUNG MIEN NUI PHIA BAC LtHANHSON Viing mign niii phfa Bic Viet Nam gom hai tilu vimg Ddng Bic, Tay Bic Dgn nay, viing vin la nai sinh song chii ylu cua cac dan tpc thilu sd thudc cae nhdm ngdn ngii: Tdy - Thai va Kadai, Mdn - Kha-me, Hmdng - Dao, Han, Tang - Miln Hiu hit cdc dan tdc cd ngudn gdc lich su tif ben bien gidi, dd, khdng chi cd ngudi d6ng tdc d ben dudng bign, md d cd nhigu dan tdc vdi dan sd ddng gap bdi so vdi ngudi ddng tdc d Viet Nam Vi vay, viec qua lai bien gidi qudc gia hoat ddng kinh tl, vdn hda gi&a cdc ddn tpc dien da lau ddi ma vin dupc tri, tham ehi dupc tang cudng hon, tao nen nhCfng tuong ddng ve dac dilm tpc ngudi giifa mdt sd dan tdc d hai ben bien gidi thudc viing miln nui phfa Bic Viet Nam, Tay Nam Trung Qudc va Ddng Bac Lao Vdi mdt dia ban trpng digm vl qudc phdng va cd nhiing dac thii ve phan ddn tdc, nghign cuu quan he ddn tdc d vimg mien niii phfa Bac ludn dupc cac nha khoa hpc quan tam, nhit la gan ddy Cd the ke dgn mpt sd cdng trinh cac nha nghien cuu d va ngoai Vi^n Ddn tpc hpc thyc hien, nhu: Mpt so suy nghT vi lanh thd tpc ngi^i va cdc dm muu chinh trf eua bon ddn tpe chu nghTa Sdvanh tren vdn di bien gidi qudc gia (Nguyen Nam Tien, 1978); Ngudn gdc lieh su tdc ngirai vung bien gidi phia Bde Vi4t Nam (Nguyin Chi Huygn, Hoang Hoa Toan, Luang Van Bao, 2000); Quan he ddn tdc d viing bien gidi Viet - Lao (Ly Hanh Son, 2008); Mdt sd vdn di bire xuc cua ddng bdo ddn tdc Tdy, Niing, Giay qua trinh phdt trien kinh ti viing bien d Lang San vd Lao Cai (Dang Thanh Phuong, 2010); Mpt sd vdn de ca bdn vi ddn tpc dual tdc dpng eiia suphdt trien viing bien gidi Viet - Trung (Nghiin ciru vi ngudi Hd Nhi a mdt ldng cua tinh Ldo Cai vd mpt ldng thupc chdu Hdng Hd, tinh Vdn Nam, Trung Qudc) (Vuong Xuan Tinh, 2011); Mpt so vdn di ca bdn ve ehinh sdch ddn tpc viing bien giai eiia hai nuac Viet Nam Trung Qude (Tnrdng hap vimg Tdy Bde Vi^t Nam vd tinh Vdn Nam Trung Qudc) (Tran Thi Mai Lan, 2011); Suy nghT ve su dn dinh ciia bien giai tir thuc te phdt trien kinh ti a hai viing biin gidi Viet - Trung (Biii Xudn Dinh, 2011); Nghiin eiru ddn tpc Hmdng a viing bien gidi Ldo - Viet (Pham Quang Hoan, 2012) Tir cac nghign ciiu ay ciing vdi kgt qua khdo sdt ddn tpc hpc tai cdc tinh Cao Bang, Dien Bien, Ldo Cai vao cuoi ndm 2013 vd diu ndm 2014, bdi vigt chi di cap khdi quat ve quan he ddn tdc xuyen bign gidi hoat dpng kinh te d cac tpc ngudi NCing, Thai, Hmdng va Ha Nhi v l khai nigm, dudi gdc nhin ddn tgc hpc, quan he ddn tdc dugc hilu la cdc mdi Ly Hanh Scm lien he, lien kgt, cd ket, chia tach giifa cac ca nhan, gia dinh, ddng hp, td chiic, cdng ddng moi dan tdc hoac giifa cac dan tdc Vi vay, quan he dan tdc xuyen bien gidi la quan he qua lai dudng bign gidi ciia hai qudc gia ldng gigng giiia cdc ca nhan, gia dinh, ddng hp, cdng ddng dan cu, td chuc mdt dan tdc hay khdc ddn tdc Ndi each khae, Id quan he giiia nhifng ngudi dong tdcva khac tdc dien qua dudng bign gidi ciia hai qudc gia lign kg Quan he dan tpe xuyen bidn gidi vdn xuat hien tir lau Ijch sir, dupc bilu hien hau hgt cac ITnh vuc nhu ngudn gdc lich sir tdc ngudi, hoat ddng kinh te, phong tyc t$p quan, sinh hoat xa hdi, giao luu van hda, tdn giao, tfn ngudng Trong bdi canh toan cau hda, vdi su tdc ddng cua giao thdng hien dai cung nhu thdng tin, truyen thdng vd kinh te thi trudng, cdc quan he iy khdng chi gia tang pham vi hai qudc gia cd chung dudng bien gidi, ma cdn vucm tdi nhilu qudc gia khdc cd ngudi ddng tdc, ddng tdn giao I Khai quat ve tinh hinh quan he xuyen bien gioi cua cac dan tgc thieu so viing mien nui phia Bic Den nay, hau hgt cac dan tdc thigu sd d cac tinh, nhat la cac tinh bien gidi viing mien niii phia Bic cd ngudi ddng tdc d ben dudng bien dgu tri cac mdi quan he hp hang, thdng gia va lang gieng mdt sd dan tdc, chang ban nhu ngudi Thai tai cac huyen Dign Bien, Sdng Ma (Son La), Mudng Lat (Thanh Hda) hoac Ky Son (Nghe An), cac quan he dupc thyc hien bdi viec xac djnh dudng bien gidi Viet - Ldo theo Hiip ude hoaeh dinh dudng bien giai qudc gia ndm 1977, kl ca nhiing nai hp mdi tir Ldo, Trung Qudc di cu din lap nghiep vdo nhiing nam diu thi ky XX Trong dd, quan he hp hang, lang gilng ddng tdc d ngudi Hmdng nai ddy lai vupt ngoai pham vi cu trii va xuyen qudc gia Qua kit qua nghign ciiu thuc tl, khip cdc dia ban bien gidi Tay Bic va Ddng Bde, tif Cao Bang, Ha Giang, Lao Cai, Lai Chau den Ngh? An - nai c6 ngudi Hmdng cu trii deu xuit hien eae mdi quan he giifa hp vdi ngudi dong tpc d bgn dudng bign gidi Nhd t^p qudn di cu t^r vd cac quan he ddng tpc, ngudi Hmdng d cac vung miln nudc va d cac nudc khac da tao dupc mang ludi kit ndi cac mli lign hg, trao doi thdng tin lin tir viing din viing khac, tir Viet Nam den Ldo, Trung Qudc va nhilu nudc khac tren the gidi Cdn cac dan tdc nhu Niing d Cao Bing va Lang Son, Ha Nhi d Dien Bien, Lai Chau va Lao Cai deu cd quan he hp hang, dong tdc Mng gieng qua dudng bien gidi, nhit la cac quan hg thdng gia tren co sd hdn nhan cac dac dilm dd M mdt nhiing ylu to quan trpng da tir lau dl thilt lap, tri cdc quan he vl kinh tl, song, boi canh co chg thi trudng, toan ciu hda vd hpi nh^p hien nay, cdc quan he kinh tl xuygn bien gidi d cac tdc ngudi mdi trd nen da dang hon vl hinh thiic LL Quan he trao ddi gidng c&y vat nudi, hd tr^ nhan lite Quan he kinh tg qua bien gidi bdi trao ddi giong cdy trdng vd vat nudi, ho trg nhan tuc hien dang phat triln d nhieu dan tdc tai hai bgn bien gidi Viet Lao, Viet - Trung Rieng trao ddi gidng cay trdng, nhiing dia bdn phfa Vi?t Nam trdng gidng lua vd ngd lai deu thiy ngudi dan phfa Lao sang Idy edc gi6ng iy, ngugc Tgp chi Ddn tdc hoc so - 2014 lai, nhifng noi vd nhifng t^c ngudi d Viet Nam cdn gieo liia nuong, ngd nip tring thi sang Ldo Idy hat gidng d ngudi hp hdng Thyc tl dlu thiy phd biln khao sdt ngudi Niing d xa Cd Mudi (Trd LTnh, Cao Bing); nhat Id vdi ngudi Hmdng d xa Mudng Nhe vd ngudi Hd Nhi d xa Xin Thiu (Mudng Nhe, Dign Bien) Vigc trao doi vat nudi da xuit hien ttf lau ddi vdi ngudi Niing d cdc dja ban bien gidi thudc hai tinh Cao Bing vd Lang Son, chu ylu ngudi dan d phia Viet Nam sang xin hodc mua gid re tir ngudi hg hang d ben Trung Qudc cdc gidng nhu vit, ngan, ga vl nudi, bdi chiing de nudi, chdng Idn va to hon gidng dja phuong nhilu Tdp qudn h5 trp nhan luc cung vay, ngudi ddn cdc tdc ngudi d hai ben bign gidi thudng qua lai dudng bien dl giup cdc dip tra hat gidng, thu hoaeh san pham Dac biet, d vimg bign gidi Viet Trung thupc tinh Ldo Cai, ngudi Hmdng d xa Bdn Lau (huyen Mudng Khuong) va ngudi Dao d xa Ban Phiet (huyen Bdo Thing) cdn sang Trung Qudc hpc tap d ngudi hg hang vl each tr6ng chudi vd dira, rdi dem gidng vi trdng tren dat ciia minh de ban cho ngudi Trung Qudc (Biii Xuan Dfnh, 2011,tr.2-3) Qua khdo sat thyc dia vdo thdng 4/2014, theo bdo cdo cua lanh dao xd Bdn Liu, tfnh din diu ndm 2014, ngoai chudi vd dira, ngudi ddn xS ndy cdn cd vimg chg lOOha, ngd - 400ha, cao su - tren 90ha Trong dd, chuoi va difa d day da dupc chuyen canh theo hudng hdng hda, khdng nhihig trd thdnh cdy xda ddi, gidm ngheo md cdn Id cay lam gidu ciia d6ng bdo Hmdng nai day Cu the nhu vu miia ndm 2012 2013, dien ti'ch diira cho thu hoaeh cua xd Ban Liu Id 500ha, sdn lupng ude dat 12.000 tin, gid tri kinh tl tren 50 t;y' dong Vdi gid du"a bdn sang Trung Qu6c tir 1,5 den 1,7 nhdn dan te/kg, tuong duong vdi ban 5.000 ddng Viet Nam nen ngudi ddn nai day rdt phin khdi Diia Bdn Ldu trdng chii ylu tai cdc thdn ngudi Hmdng nhu Na Ldc, Cdc Phucmg, Na Ma, Pae Bo Nhd trdng du^a, nhieu hd ddn Hmdng cd ngudn thu dura tir 100 din 300 trieu ddng/ndm, dign hinh nhu gia dinh cdc dng Thdo Diu, Thao Din, Thdo Thing, Giang Chung, d thdn Cdc Phuong; Cu Vu, Cu Phir d thdn Na Ldc L2 Quan hi mua bdn qua dudng bien gi&i Qua kit qua khao sdt, ngdy cdng gia tdng cac quan he mua ban dudi nhieu hinh thifc: bdn hdng luu ddng, thue ehd chg giap bign, md qudy bdn tai nha ngudi than Trong do, ban hdng luu ddng chilm sd ddng vdi nhilu nhdm khdc Cd nhdm chi ban cdc san phim ty Mm, nen rit ddng ngudi dan cdc ddn tdc Thai, Niing, Hmdng, Ha Nhi d hai ben bign gidi Viet - Ldo, Viet - Trung ciing tham gia, hdng ngdy hg Idm rudng nuong, chi din phien chg mdi dem hang vupt bign hoac din cho dudng bign de bdn Nhdm tilp theo Id tu thuong ngn sd lugng ngudi dan tdc thilu sd tham gia hign chua nhilu, hp cung bdn hdng luu ddng nhung di din tirng bdn d vimg sau vd nhifng noi gdn chg nhung bdn dugc sdn phdm CJ phia Viet Nam, mdt sd ngudi dan cdc ddn tdc Thdi, Hmdng vd Ha Nhi cd dieu kien tham gia, hg mang hdng sang ben bien gidi, gdm gia dyng, quin do, ndng cy, muoi, mi chinh, mdng khd chii yeu van chuyin bdng ngya hodc xe may, cung cd ngudi gdnh di bd, di 28 din dau chao hang d dd Hg thudng kgt ban vdi mdt sd ngudi d nhiing nai hay din bdn hang de ngii qua dem, Idm co sd bdn hang Dac biet, ngudi Hmdng phia Viet Nam cdn thao mua ban trau bd xuyen bien gidi, vdi ly do: cd hg hang d cd hai ben dudng bien, nudi nhigu trau bd d ben bien gidi chii yeu ngudi Hmdng Tai viing bien gidi Viet Lao, ngudi Hmdng budn ban trau bd xuit hien nhieu nai, phd biln la cac huyen Ky Son (Nghe An), Mudng Ldt (Thanh Hoa), Dien Bign va Mudng Nhe (Dien Bien) Rieng xa Nam Cin, huyen Ky Son (Nghg An) vdo ndm 2010 - 2011 da cd 10 ngudi Hmdng chuyen sang Lao mua trau bd vl ban cho tu thuong ngudi Viet; tai xa Mudng Nhe, huyen Mudng Nhe (Dien Bien), tinh den nam 2013, cd khoang ngudi Hmdng hay sang Lao mua trdu bd Khi khdo sdt vl ngudi Thai vd Hmdng d hai xa Mudng Pdn, Thanh Ludng thudc huyen Dien Bign (tinh Dien Bien), nhieu thap nlgn qua ngudi Thai va Hmdng noi day vin thudng xuyen van chuyin nhifng hdng hda nhu mim, mudi, mi chfnh, diu hda sang Lao dl trao ddi lay gao nuong, chd, gd hoac ban lay tien vdi ngudi Hmdng, Thai, Kho - mu d ben dd Hinh thuc trao ddi da mang ngudn thu, tang them thu nhap cho gia dinh va tao mdi quan he vdi ngudi ddng tdc va khac tdc d ben Lao Theo kgt qua phdng van, da sd ngudi Thai, Hmdng cho biet: "Sang ben Lao chii ylu di bd - ngdy leo ddi mdi den noi, moi lan di ciing mit - 10 ngdy, den ban hodc ddi hgt hang mdi ve Sang ben Ldo khdng cd hp hang thi Mm quen vdi vdi hd gia dinh, kit nghTa anh em dl iiy cho di lai" Diing vay, ddng bdo Thai hay Hmdng ben Vigt Nam Ly Hdnh Son sang Ldo trao ddi hang hda thudng d nhd ban ket nghTa, gia chii cho an, nghi ma khdng lay tien, tham chi gigt gd thit ddi Ngupc lai, phia Lao vdi dilu kien cdn kh6 khdn nen ngudi ddn sang Viet Nam khdm, chifa benh dgu d lai nhd nhiing ngudi ban bgn Viet Nam Theo bdo cao ciia Chi huy Bd dpi Bien phdng tinh Dign Bien, chi ndm 2013, so lugng ngudi tif hai nudc Lao va Viet Nam thudng xuyen qua lai bien gidi tinh ndy de thdm than Mm an, trao ddi mua ban, chiia benh da hem 3.000 lupt Vi du nhu xa Thanh Ludng, noi cira ng6 phd Dien Bien, hiu nhu cac hp 35 ban ciia xa da tirng hoac dang tham gia trao ddi hang hda tai Lao, Igi nhuan moi dgt di it nhat cung 1-1,5 trieu ddng, trung binh moi hp di lan/thang Mai gan day, kinh tg thj trudng phdt trien tai cdc khu vuc viing sau ben Ldo thi mdi giam dan sd ngudi di trao ddi hang hda, chi nien vd phu nif cdn tri, nam gidi trung nign it di ban bdi hg thudng Mm thue gin nhd 1.3 Quan hi Idm thue qua dudng biin gi&i Trong quan he mua ban kha phat trign d mdt sd dja bdn thudc vung bien gidi Viet - Lao thi quan he Idm thue lai dien rit phire tap qua dudng bien gidi Viet Trung Theo kit qud thdng ke chua diy dii ciia Chi huy Bd dpi Bign phdng tinh Dien Bign, tinh tir ndm 2010 den nam 2013, sd ngudi Hmdng, Thdi vd Ha Nhi d tinh thudng xuyen qua lai dudng bien gidi dl Mm an, budn ban, thdm thdn vd chiia benh da la 8.764 lugt ngudi Chi tfnh rieng thdng diu ndm 2013, sd ngudi Hmdng vd Ha Nhi di lam thue dai d Trung Quoc Id 36 trudng hgp, dd 26 ngudi Hmdng, 10 Tgp chi Ddn idc hoc so - 2014 ngudi Hd Nhi, chua kl sd ngudi sang di tdi trd ve nhd; hp sang Trung Qudc dl trdng chuoi Mm rudng hoac nuong vdi mu"c luong rat thdp; cdn trudc ndm 2013, sd lugng ngudi Hmdng vd Hd Nhi vugt bien sang lam thue nhilu ban hien bgn Trung Qudc trd luong kha cao Nhin chung, d tinh Dien Bign, sd ngudi vugt bien gidi sang Trung Qudc Mm thue khdng ram rd nhu d cac tinh Cao Bing va Ldo Cai, bdi tinh ndy cd hon 40,861km dudng bien gidi vdi Trung Qudc Trgn dia bdn tinh Lao Cai, theo bdo cao cua Chi huy Bp ddi Bien phdng tinh, tinh trang vupt bign gidi sang Trung Qudc Mm thue diln ngdy cdng tdng Chi thdi gian tir thdng 1/2013 din thang 3/2014 tai xa Si Ma Cai cua huyen Si Ma Cai vd xd Td Gia Khau ciia huyen Mudng Khuong dd cd 1.150 ngudi dan cac dan tpc Hmdng, Niing, Gidy, La Chi vupt bien sang Trung Qudc Mm thug, dd ndm 2013 cd 500 ngudi, chi sau tgt Nguygn dan dgn thang 3/2014 da cd 650 trudng hop Khi khao sat t^i xa Y T^" thudc huyen Bat Xdt vdo thang 4/2014, sd ngudi Hd Nhi d day vugt bign gidi sang Trung Qudc Idm thue cung khd ddng, chii ylu phu nCf ddm nhiem, chi rieng thdng dau ndm 2014 da cd gin 100 trudng hgp, bdi day M dip ndng nhan Ddc biet, ngdy 15/4/2014 cdn dang tien hdnh nghien cuu tai xa Y Ty, chiing tdi da chiing kiln mdt doan ngudi dai dien 20 hd gia dinh Hd Nhi tai cac bdn xa ciing den Ddn Bign phdng ddng d xd Y Ty de trinh bao va nhd cac chiln sT bien phdng trg giiip tim kiem ngudi than Id phu nii dang 1dm thue d ben Trung Qudc kg tir sau tet Nguyen ddn din dd qud thdi gian hira hen trd vl nhung chua thiy ve doan ty vdi gia dinh Tai tinh Cao Bing, theo bdo cdo ciia Chi huy Bd ddi Bien phdng tinh, tinh tir nam 2010 din thdng 9/2012, trgn dia bdn tinh ndy cd 2.755 lupt cdng ddn vupt bign trai phep sang Trung Qudc Mm thug; chi hai nam gin ddy tuc tir thdng 10/2011 din thdng 10/2013 da cd khodng 8.308 lupt cdng dan, dd cd 5.629 lupt cdng ddn d dia bdn bien gidi ciia tinh vupt bign trdi phep sang Trung Qudc Mm thue, so khodng Vi sd lupt d lai Trung Qudc ddi ngdy va VA sd lugt ngudi di vl ngay; vg phucmg thiic xuit ednh, chu ylu Ipi dung so hd cdng tdc qudn ly, bdo ve ciia ca quan chiic ndng dl vugt bien qua cdc dudng mdn, ldi md vd sii dung giiy td gid mao xuit cdnh qua cira khdu sang Trung Qudc; ddi vdi dia bdn tinh Cao Bdng, sd cdng ddn xuit cdnh trdi phep sang Trung Qudc lam thue gdm cac thdnh phan, gidi tfnh, va nhieu lua tudi khdc nhau, sd lao ddng tren chu ygu Id cdng ddn thudc cdc huyen bign gidi nhu: Trd LTnh, Triing Khanh, Ha Lang, Bao Lam Bgn canh dd, lanh dao Chi huy Bd ddi Bign phdng tinh Cao Bdng cdn nhdn manh ring, tinh trang vupt bien trdi phep sang Trung Qudc 1dm thue khdng chi diln ddi vdi quan chiing nhdn ddn tren dia ban tinh Cao Bdng, ma cdn cd cd cdng ddn cac tinh khac nhu; Nghe An, Thanh Hda, Thdi Binh, Bic Giang, Bic Kan, Tuyen Quang, Ha Giang., Qua thuc tl tai huyen Ha Quang, theo bao cdo ciia Cdng an huyen, tir nam 2010 din 2013 cd tdi 335 trudng hpp xuat cdnh sang Trung Qudc Mm thue, chua kg cdc trudng hgp xuit cdnh trai phep bj phia Trung Qudc trao trd, dang chii y Id sd ndy phan Idn dlu dan tdc Niing cd hp hang d ben bien gidi; cdn d huyen Trd LTnh, theo Mnh dao Phdng Dan tdc, thdng qua bdo cao ciia Cdng an huyen 30 chi rigng thdng diu ndm 2013 da cd 603 ngudi, chu ylu ddn tdc Niing vugt bign sang Trung Qudc lam thug L4 Quan hi xam canh, thue dat qua dudng biin gi&i Do khdc bigt ve sd hifu dit dai d Vigt Nam va Ldo ngn da tao mdt sd hinh thirc quan he mdi qua bien gidi lign quan din hoat dpng kinh tl ciia edc tdc ngudi Thai, Hmdng Trudc hit la viec xdm canh sang dit Ldo cua ngudi ddn d nhilu dia phuong phia Viet Nam Hinh thuc ndy hien da gidm di nhilu nhd su qudn Iy chat che ciia lye lupng bign phdng vd viec giao ban giCfa cdc cap chinh quyIn d hai bgn dudng bign Song, cho den gin day vdn cd noi nhu ngudi Thdi d cac ban gidp bign thupc xa Nd Hy (Nam P6, Dien Bign) sang phfa Ldo chpn dit phdt nuong vdi so tiln phdi trd tiiy theo thda thuan Hinh thiic tilp theo Id di cu sang Ldo dg sinh sdng, bdi day la quan hg truyin thdng d ngudi Hmdng cd tir trudc nam 1990 Hien nay, viec di cu tu din vdi ngudi than d ben Lao dl cu trii vd phat rung Mm ray cd giam di, bdi mpt mat, niu chinh quyen phia Ldo phat hien thi hp se bj bit trd ve Vigt Nam; mdt khdc, hiu hit cac khu vuc bien gidi phia Viet Nam dit sdn xuit khan hilm md lai hay xay tranh chip nhung ddi sdng kinh tl - xd hpi, nhit la cdc ca sd ting, y tg, gido due dlu tdt hon so vdi ben Ldo, Mm cho ngudi dan it muon sang Ldo dl sinh co lap nghiep Di cu ty qua dudng bien gidi ngdy cdng khd khdn hon bdi sy kilm soat chdt chg ciia cdc lyc lupng chirc ndng, nen hi^n tai dang xuit hien mdt hinh thirc mdi quan h^ xam canh qua bien gidi Viet - Ldo Ly Hdnh San Dd id trudng hop ngudi ddn d phia Vigt Nam sang Ldo thug dit dl Idm dn theo dang sdng di tdi vl hodc lam Idn d dd vu mua Cu thi, dd cd mdt so hO ngudi Hmong d vdi dja phuong phfa Viet Nam, diln hinh Id dng Liu Chu Tiia d bdn Huoi Vieng, xd Dope May (Ky Son, Ngh§ An) cd tdi trp kinh phi ciia ngudi thdn d nudc ngodi ngn sang bgn Ldo thug dit Mm trang trai Cdn sd khdc thi sang Ldo t£im cu dk 1dm an, khd gid thi bdn dit vd tdi sdn dg trd vg Viet Nam sinh sdng Theo bdo cdo ciia Cdng an huyen Ky San (tinh Nghe An), din thdi dilm ndm 2007, sd dan huyen Ky Son di Mm dn theo kilu ndy cd khoang han hd ngudi Hmdng d cac xa Dope May, Mudng Ldng, Hudi Tu (L;^ Hdnh San, 2008, tr 71-72) Rd rdng, quan he ddn tdc xuygn bien gidi Viet - Lao dugc thu hiit bdi ngudi dSn cdc tpc ngudi Thai vd Hmdng tren nhilu dia bdn d phfa Viet Nam sang bgn Ldo xam eanh, thue dit trdng trpt, Idm trang trai Chua kg, cdc quan he viec khai thdc cdc ngudn Igi ty nhien d hai bgn dudng bien gidi Viet - Ldo Dac biet, quan he lien quan din viec trdng cay thuoc phien hign van dang tdn tai d mdt vdi noi thudc viing bign gidi Nguyen nhan gia tdng quan he dan t§c xuyen bi6n gidi vdi hoat dong kinhte 2.7 Yeu tS tpc ngie&i Lich sOr tpc ngudi dd t£io sy phdn b6 cu tru ddng tdc d hai ben bign gidi, t^o ca sd hinh thdnh y thirc Mnh tho tgc ngudi trCim Ign trgn dudng bien gidi quoc gia, nguygn nhdn cua cdc mdi quan h^ d6ng tpc xuyen Tgp chi Ddn tpc hpc so - 2014 bign gidi (Nguyin Nam Tiln, 1978) Day Id spi chi xuygn sudt qua trinh Hch sir quan he dan tpc xuyen bien gidi eua cac dan tdc ndi chung khdng chi d vimg miln nui phia Bic, md ca cdc tinh bien gidi mien Trung, Tdy Nguygn, Tdy Nam Bp Trong bdi cdnh hien nay, vdi mifc dp khdc nhau, mdt so ddn tdc d vdi nai viing miln niii phia Bic van bi chi phdi bdi y thuc lanh thd tdc ngudi, y ihurc qudc gia dang dan dupc ciing cd Vi th.-^, edc quan he dan tdc xuyen bign gidi ITnh vuc boat dpng kinh tl van dang ngdy cang phdt triln dua trgn co sd tinh edm ddng tgc, hdn nhan, Ipi fch kinh tl Cd thg thay, dac diem phan bd ddn cu dan tdc cung Id nguygn nhan, tai cac tinh miln niii phia Bic, nhung dan tpc cd quan he qua bign gidi thudng cu trii ddi dien d hai ben dudng bien Tai viing bien gidi Viet - Ldo phfa Bde, dan tdc Thdi phan bo kha mat tap nhung it thiic ddy quan he qua bign gidi ben it ngudi Thdi Trong dd, quan hg qua dudng bien lai ndi len d dan tdc Hmdng, bdi ngudi Hmdng d Lao rit ddng, phdn bd khd tdp trung ddi dien dpc dudng bign gidi Cdn viing bien gidi Viet - Trung, ngudi Niing va Ha Nhi vdi dan so d phfa Viet Nam it, nhung phfa Trung Qudc lai rdt ddng, ddng thdi cd nhigu bdn giap bien nen da giiip cho hp di lai vdi qua cac quan he thdng gia, hp hang Chfnh quan he ddng tdc vd thdng gia Id Iy khdi dau va gdp phdn cho phat trien cdc quan he kinh te Cdc dan tdc Thdi, Niing, Hmdng va Ha Nhi d hai bgn bign gidi dlu tuong ddng vl ngdn ngii vd cdc dac trung vdn hda, nhit la cdc mdi lign ket hp hdng, hdn nhdn ndi tpc ngudi cdng gdp phdn cho viec md rdng cdc 31 mdi quan he hoat ddng kinh tg xuyen bign gidi Dac biet, van hda Hmdng cho din vin ludn tao cdc quan he lign kgt ddng tdc, cd ket huyet thdng, md ndi bat Id nhiing ngudi ciing hp ciing ma dii d dau, hay ngodi nudc dlu Id anh em, phai cd nghTa vu giiip nhau, ke cd bao ve mSi cd su de dpa ndo dd Bgn canh dd, viec sdn xuit ndng nghiep hien ciia ngudi ddn vimg khdng chi khd nhdn roi thilu dit md lai dp dung ndng cu bdng mdy nhung thu nhdp van khdng gia tang bdi gia thdnh thip Trong dd, vigc phu sdng dien thoai, di lai vd van chuyin bdng xe mdy cin phdi cd tiln dl trang trdi hdng ngay, chua kl cdc chi phf khdm chiia benh, cho di hpc Day Id yeu td chii ygu tdc ddng tdi nhifng ngudi dan cd dieu kien thuc hien cdc quan hg kinh te xuyen bien gidi vdi nhifng hinh thirc phii hgp nhu trao ddi mua bdn, Idm thug 2.2 Chfnh sdch cua Ddng va Nhd nudc Trgn CO sd ddi mdi Ddng ta khdi xudng, CO che thj trudng dd Mm thay ddi din cdc quan he nuong tua vdn chi phoi rit lau ddi d cdc ddn tdc, cd Thai, Niing, Hmdng va Ha Nhi, tao cdc quan he mdi nhu gia tdng trao ddi budn bdn Mm thue, cho vay My Mi Cdc quan he da thiic day ngudi dan tu ddi mdi ve co ciu san xuit ndng nghiep, phdt trien cdc djch vy Vi vay, da xuat hien nhieu tu thuong d mpi noi kg cd vimg bien gidi Mm cdu ndi dl phat trien cdc quan he kinh tg xuygn bign gidi giiia cdc cd nhdn, hg gia dinh cung dan tdc vd khac dan tdc Song, cdc quan he dd hien van chi tap trung tao thu nhdp Vl co ban, cdc dan tpc vdn tri mdt sd quan he truyin thdng, tren ca sd md rdng cdc quan Ly Hdnh San he mdi vdi cdc cdng ddng khdc tdc, cdc td chirc kinh te hay dich vy nen dd ndy sinh qud trinh tdc ngudi khd phifc tap d mdt vdi dan tdc, nhat Id dan tdc Hmdng vd Hd Nhi Thyc tl cho thdy, Chuong trinh 135 cua Chfnh phu di tdi ddu la d dd thay ddi nhanh chdng ve quan he dan tdc sinh ke, chuyin ddi tap qudn sdn xuit chua kl thay ddi cac quan he ddi song xa hdi, vdn hda, hdn nhdn hon hgp dan tdc, quan he ddn tdc xuyen qudc gia Cdc chuong trinh qudc gia xda ddi gidm ngheo, kham chifa bgnh, gido due cung ludn tdc dpng tich cue dgn quan he ddn tdc xuygn bien gidi d cac khu vyc giap bien Mm thay ddi nhilu khia canh ddi song kinh tl - xd hdi ciia ngudi dan Nhd do, quan he hdn nhdn qua dudng bign cd gidm di, nhung gia tdng quan he kinh tl qua bien gidi dudi nhigu hinh thiic Ngoai ra, tdc dgng bdi chfnh sach tir bgn bign gidi, nhit Id chfnh sdch Himg bien phu ddn ciia Trung Qudc cung thu hiit cdc quan he kinh tg qua dudng bien gidi 2.3 Vai tro cua ngu&i Viet Vdi CO chi mdi hien nay, nhifng ngudi Viet sdng d ndng thdn cdc tinh miln niii phfa Bac, kl ca d viing bien gidi ludn gdp phin tao thi trudng mua bdn: tigu thu sdn phim, md cac djch vu budn ban, trung tam cung ling ky thuat Ddy la ylu td kfeh thich ngudi dan tgc tai chd nhu Thdi, Niing, Hmdng, Hd Nhi cd nhu cau md rdng quan he dan tpc de cd the san xuit gin vdi thj trudng, ddng thdi thiic diy hg trao ddi mua ban, di Mm thug qua bign gidi Bp phan ngdy eang nhilu doanh nhdn ngudi Viet da vd dang din vdi edc viing mign thupc cac tinh miln niii phfa Bde di thdnh lap cdc doanh nghiep, xf nghiep, cdng ty vd cdc CO sd sdn xudt khdng chi thu hut vd tao viec 1dm cho em cdc ddn tdc tai chd, md cdn tdc ddng din viec ehuygn ddi cac tap qudn quan he ddn tpc d moi tdc ngudi, giiip hp tang cudng cdc quan he 1dm dn, budn ban ndi vung bign gidi vd xuygn bien gidi qudc gia 2.4 Tdc dpng ciia todn chu hda Vl tich cue, nhilu t^c ngudi thilu sd da tir lau ddi cd quan hg ddn tdc xuygn quoc gia, nhung trudc cdn rit han che, chii ylu qua Mi viing thdm, trao ddi hdn nhdn, trp giiip Gan ddy, cdc quan he kinh te xuygn bien gidi dugc tdng cudng vdi nhilu hinh thifc nhu trao ddi thdng tin, ho trg tdi chinh, giiip tim kilm vigc lam Dd Id todn ciu hda da tao nhifng thudn Ipi vl ting giao thdng, phuong tign di lai Han nCfa, toan cau hda ve cdng nghg thdng tin, truyin thdng cdn 1dm cho hp d xa vin cd thi trao ddi cdng viec vdi nhau, thdm chf gdp phin nhanh chdng thilt lap vd md r^ng quan he vdi cdc ca nhdn, td chifc khdc thdng qua nhifng cd nhdn, td chirc dd va dang cd quan he 1dm an, budn bdn vdi v l tieu eye, niu vdi nam trudc, cd Idn sdng di cu tir cdc tinh miln nui phfa Bic di vao Tay Nguygn, sang Lao thi todn cau hda md dien cdc quan h? qua lai tren cdc ITnh vyc, vdi xu hudng co kit vl y thiic ddn tpc qua bien gidi vd xuygn qudc gia, nhdt Id cd kit vl tdc danh, mdt s6 ddc diem van hda Trong bdi cdnh mdi, nhifng ddc diem M ca sd dl nhirng ngudi, nhiing cdng ddng d cdc qudc gia nh|n bilt dugc hp ciing ddn tpc, song, 1dm cho vin dl ddn tgc, quan hg ddn tdc trd nen phire tap hon bdi de bi cdc thi lyc thii dich Igi dung dudi mpi Tgp chi Ddn tpc hpc sd4 - 2014 hinh thifc, gdy tiem in lign ket cd kgt dan tdc - tdn gido vdi muc dfch chinh tri Tdc dgng cua quan h | dan toe hoat dgng kinh te xuyen bien gidi 3.L Boi v&iphdt trien kinh te Cae quan hg kinh te xuygn bign gidi dya trgn ca chi thi trudng vd quan hg ddng t0c dang thiic diy cdc hoat ddng trao ddi mua bdn, thug lao ddng, di 1dm thue, cho vay iiy ldi Ddy Id ylu td 1dm thay ddi din tu sinh ke truyen thong d hau hgt cac dan t^c d viing miln niii phfa Bic, tao nhu cau sdn xuit hdng hda, kich thfch phat triln cdc dich vu mua bdn d ngudi ddn Nhiing noi cd CO hdi budn bdn thi ngudi ddn dd bilt kit hgp md cac dich vy, phdt triln thii cdng gia dinh, thu gom hdng hda Trgn co sd quan he dong tdc qua bign gidi, nhilu tu thuong ciia cdc ddn tOc tai cho dang tang cudng budn bdn qua dudng bign Nhd gia tang cdc quan he mdi ndy sinh, ngudi dan cdn chu ddng viec hudng dung cdc chinh sdch phdt triln ciia Nhd nudc, nhit Id chii ddng vay v6n dl sdn xuit hodc trd chi phf qua lai dudng bign gidi dg tim kiem viec 1dm Do dd, dang tifng budc lam thay ddi vl ca cau sdn xuit, chuyin ddi gidng cdy trdng, vat nudi cd gid trj hang hda, gidm din sy phu thugc vdo cay lua Tuy nhien, quan he hoat ddng kinh tl xuygn bign gidi cung ndy sinh nhieu van dg buc xuc: - Cdc quan he diln qua khai thdc vd sir dung dit dai, trao ddi giong cay trdng, trp giiip nhdn lyc dang gay nhiing ndi com la ngudi dan phia Viet Nam sang Ldo xam canh, mupn ho^c thug ddt trdng trpt, nhdt Id viec trdng cay thuoc phien Vi vay, tao tinh trang nhieu ngudi, nhdt la ngudi Hmdng vupt bign trdi phgp va cu tru bit hop phap dg 33 Mm kinh t l ngn de bi cdc phin tiJr xiu d ben bien gidi Idi keo vdo budn bdn ma tiiy, theo dao Tin Lanh - Tinh trang mdt sd ngudi Hmdng phia Viet Nam sang Ldo thug dit Idm trang trai dudi sy ho trp kinh phi tir ngudi thdn d MJ khdng chi tdc ddng dgn quan he xa hdi khu vyc md cdn de bi Igi dung vdo muc dfch lien ket vdi cac phan tu phdn ddng thudc cai gpi Id "Chfnh phu lign hgp Lao" d My, td chiic "Vuong qudc Hmdng" - Viec ngudi ddn cac dan tdc thilu sd phia Viet Nam sang khai thdc cac ngudn Igi tu nhien d phia Ldo hau nhu chi theo t$p qudn nen thudng bat chip cac quy djnh Hiep dinh vi Quy chi bien gidi Viet Nam vd Ldo, do da xay va tilm in mau thuan giiia mpt bp phdn ngudi ddn cdc dan tdc Thai,' Hmdng d hai bgn dudng bign gidi ndy - Cdc quan he budn ban ciia cac tpc d day bat dau cd sy phiic tap anh hudng bdi cac yeu td vira mang tinh truyen thdng, vira mang tinh dich vu mua budn bdn le, ke cd mua ban qua cdc khau trung gian nhu giao hdng, ban chiu, ep gid nen da vd dang cd nhifng tdc ddng xau dgn sy phat trign kinh te, dn djnh xa hdi d mdt sd noi thudc mign niii phfa Bac - Tinh trang gia tang sd lugng ngudi vugt bien trdi phep sang Trung Qudc de Idm thue da chiing td d phfa Viet Nam thigu viec lam, song, dang tiem in nhieu bit cap, nhdt M nhiing rui ro cho bdn than ngudi di Idm thue, gdy khd khan cho dia phuong qudn ly 3.2 Bdi v&i d&i song xd hdi, vdn hda Quan he hoat ddng kinh tl xuyen bien gidi hien chii ylu dya trgn co sd hp Ly Hdnh Scm M hang, Mng gieng tai viing mign niii phia Bic vl CO bdn van giii dupc tap quan dodn ket giiia cdc cdng ddng ddng tdc d dia phuong, tao ngudn thu nhap cho gia dinh, cdi thien ddi sdng xa hpi, giii gin an ninh qudc phdng d viing ndy Cd noi cdn tao tap qudn tuong trg giifa ngudi dan hai ben bien gidi ve nhieu mdt, ke cd giiip bdo ve an ninh, phat hign ke xiu, ciing giif gin tdi san nhit la vat nudi thit lac qua bien gidi Ddc biet la gdp phan vdo viec bdo tdn mdt so dac diem vdn hda tdc ngudi d hai bgn bign gidi Tuy nhien, van de biic xiic d day la; Trong bdi cdnh qudc te hien nay, hoat dpng kinh te tren co sd quan hg ddng tdc, hp hdng, hdn nhan xuyen bien gidi cd the Mm tdng mdi lien kit cdc cdng d6ng ddng tdc dpc hai ben bign gidi Ddi vdi ngudi Hmdng, ddy Id van dl nhay cam, bdi vira cd sy xam nhdp ciia dao Tin Ldnh, vira cd mdi lign ket ngdy edng chat che vdi ngudi ddng tdc Hmdng d nhilu nudc trgn thi gidi, ngn rat de bj cdc thi lyc thii djch Ipi dung vdo muc dich ly khai - Cdc quan hg kinh tl xuyen bien gidi d cdc t^c ngudi Thdi, Niing, Hmdng vd Ha Nhi, mpt mdt gdp phin Mm thay ddi tu sinh kg truyin thdng cua ngudi ddn, tire phd vd nhifng tdp qudn, tdm ly vd loi Mm dn cii, ke ca cdch chi tieu vd hudng thu cd truyin, khdng phii hgp vdi co chi mdi boat ddng kinh tl Song, cung tao nhiing bit cap viec bdo tdn cdc gid tri van hda truyin thdng, md rdng giao luu, tilp thu cac yeu td vdn hda ngoai lai 3.3 Boi v&i an ninh qudc phdng Quan he ddn tdc xuyen bien gidi hoat ddng kinh tg d cdc tdc ngudi, nhit Id d ngudi Hmdng dang ndy sinh nhieu bifc xiic: di cu tu d at den cac dja bdn trpng dilm viing bign gidi vd vugt bien sang Ldo, roi mOt sd lai trd vl Viet Nam mang theo dao Tin Ldnh, Mm cho so ngudi Hmdng d viing miln niii phfa Bac bi anh hudng tir dfio Tin Ldnh cdng gia tdng Trgn co sd dd, mot sd ft ngudi Hmdng bj Ipi dung vdo muc dfch Iy khai, Idm cho dua cho cdc phin tit phan ddng hoat dpng, gay nguy ca bao loan nhu sy kien d Mudng Nhe nam 2011 Tren ca sd hoat ddng kinh tl, xuit hien hdn nhan xuygn bign gidi, song van theo tSp qudn dan tdc va khdng dang ky ket hdn vdi chiic traeh dja phuong, ngn da gdy nhifng thdch thiic ddi vdi qudn ly cdc m6i quan he dan tdc xuyen qudc gia Bdi chinh quyIn nhieu noi hiu nhu khdng ndm dugc chfnh xac xd minh cd miy cdp kit hdn qua bien gidi cdc thdi ky Chua ke, quan he dan tdc xuyen bign gidi hoat ddng kinh tg cdn gin vdi nhilu te nan xd hdi nhu vugt bien gidi trai phep, budn bdn phu nii va tre em, van ehuygn vd budn bdn ma tiiy, truygn dao Tin Ldnh gay bit on vl an ninh qu6c phdng d nhilu noi Trong bdi canh todn cau hda, cdc quan he kinh tg tren ca sd quan hg huylt thdng, hdn nhan xuyen bign gidi dang 1dm gia tdng cac mdi lien ket ddng tdc, ddng tdn giao dgc hai ben bien gidi, nhit M d viing bign gidi Viet - Ldo Do do, dl bi cdc thi lyc thu djch vd ngodi nudc Igi dung di tap hpp cac tfn dd tdn gido d ndi viing bign hodc hai ben bien gidi mdt khdi lign minh lign dan tpc - tdn gido vdi muc dich chfnh trj Gin day, rieng ngudi Hmdng, vin dl ndy cdn bilu hien qua mdt sd ddng thdi nhu mdt sd it ngudi bi ldi keo di dao tao tai cdc khu vuc ti Tgp chi Ddn tpc hoc sd'4 - 2014 nan d Thdi Lan va nudc khac, dugc nhilu td chiic Tin Lanh ho trp di hgc, di cdc phd kigm tiln nhim thigt Mp cdc mang ludi lien kit, cung cip thdng tin mat, gdy sy coi thudng xuygn tac chinh sdch ddn tdc cua Ddng vd Nhd nudc Van de quan i^* cdc mdi quan he dan tdc xuyen bien gidi Cd thi ndi, vigc quan ly cac mdi quan he ddn tdc xuyen bien gidi ndi chung, quan he hoat ddng kinh tl xuyen qudc gia ndi rieng tai cdc tinh bien gidi ciing nhu cdc tinh mien niii phia Bic van dang Id vin dl ndng bdng Dgn nay, mac du Dang, Nhd nudc va cac cap cdc ngdnh ludn quan tdm, da cd nhung no luc cu the, song, tren thuc tl, ngoai nhiing tac dpng tich cue nhu da dg cap, trgn dja ban cdc tinh mign niii phia Bic van dang ngdy cdng gia tang mpi hinh thiic van chuyen, budn ban ma tiiy vd vii qua dudng bign gidi, boat ddng ciia phi va dao Tin Ldnh, budn ban phu nu" vd tre em, di cu ty vd vugt dudng bign trai phep Hiu het cac tinh miln mil phia Bde hien dd dugc cai thien nhilu so vdi trudc thuc hien cac chinh sdch phat trign vLing bien ciia Nhd nudc ta', nhung vdn dang gdp khdng it khd khan, nhit la cdng tac can bd CO sd, chii yeu thilu nhu'ng ngudi cd dii kign thiic, ndng luc va tam nhin de dap ung cdc nhiem vu phdt triln kinh te - xd hdi, qudn ly cd hieu qua hem" cac quan he dan tpc xuygn qudc gia ngdy cang diln bien phifc tap bdi cdnh co che thj trudng vd hdi nhap Trong khi, moi xa thudc cdc tinh mien ' Cu the la: Quylt djnh s6 120/2003/QD-TTg 11/6/2003, Quyet djnh s6 1151/QD-TTg 30/8/2007, Quyel dinh so I60/2007/QD-rrg 17/10/2007 cua Thii tuong Chinh phii niii phia Bde vira rdng Idn vl dien tich vira phuc tap vl dia hinh, di lai khd khan, khu ddn cu phan tan, nhit la d noi bien gidi cd nhieu ldi mdn qua lai dudng bign Chua ke dgn nhu ciu tinh cam, Igi ich ciia ngudi dan cdc ddn tdc d viing ndy, nhit M noi bien gidi dang gia tdng thdng qua cac quan hg tdc ngudi xuygn bien gidi vdi cac hinh thiic va ndi dung quan he da chieu va dien d hau hgt cac ITnh vyc: tap quan tdc ngudi, hoat dpng kinh tl, ddi sdng xa hdi, van hda, tdn gido, tfn ngudng., Rd rang, qudn ly cac mdi quan he tdc ngudi xuyen bien gidi d vung mien niii phia Bic hien vin dang la mdt van dg hit sifc nan gidi, ddi hdi cdc cdp cdc nganh can nhanh chdng cd ldi giai dap vdi mot phuong an tdi uu nhat Ben canh do, cung can cd nghien cuu chuyen sau vd toan dien ve van de ndy, nham dua cac giai phap kha thi tren co sd ludn cif khoa hpc, vd phii hgp vdi tinh hinh thuc tiln ciia tirng dia ban thudc vLing mien niii Mdt vdi nhan xet va kien nghi - Tir ldu ddi, cdc dan tdc d cdc tinh miln niii phia Bac cd quan he qua Mi dudng bien vdi nhiing ngudi ddng tpc va khac dan tpc, dign hiu khap cac ITnh vuc, dd CO boat ddng kinh te Trong bdi canh hien nay, cdc co sd tdng dugc cai thien, cd them cira khau va chp bien gidi, dupc Nhd nudc dau tu ho trp sdn xuit vd chan nudi, song, hoat dpng san xudt cua cac tpc ngudi nai day ve co ban vdn chua cd su thay ddi manh me so vdi truyen thdng, chua tao thu nhap cao dat trdng trpt ngdy cang bj thu hep, ndng nhan gia tang Do vay, bdi canh mdi, sd ngudi dan cdc Ly Hdnh San ddn tdc noi ddy tiln hdnh hoat ddng kinh te xuygn bign gidi vdi cac hinh thifc trao doi budn ban, di Idm thue, xam canh cang nhilu Ciing vdi dd cOng sinh cac vdn de xa hdi phiic tap: gia tang sd ngudi qua lai dudng bien, ngdy cdng nhilu ngudi di cu tu vupt bign trai phep, ddy nhanh sy cd kit tdc ngudi, cd kit ddn tdc - tdn gido Cd thg ndi, van de dat hien Id cdn cd nhiing gidi phap cy thg vd phii hgp vdi tinh hinh dl qudn ly ngdy cdng tdt ban cdc mdi quan he dan tdc xuyen bign gidi, trudc hit la can cd mdt nghign ciru sdu, mang tdm ly lu|n va toan dien vl vin dg - 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xa hpi, dn dinh ddn cu ddn tdc d cdc tinh bien gidi thupc mien niii phia Bde cung nhu d Vigt Nam giai doan 2016 - 2025 vd tdm nhin nam 2050 Tdi lieu tham khao Biii Xudn Dfnh (2011), "Suy nghi vg su 6n djnh cua bien gidi tir thyc tl phat triln kinh te d hai viing bien gidi Viet Trung", Bdo cdo tai Hpi nghi Thdng bdo Ddn tpc hpe ndm 2011, Vien Dan tdc hoc, HdNpi Pham Quang Hoan (2011), Nghien cuu ddn tdc Hmdng a viing biin gidi Ldo Viet, Bdo bao ket qud nghien ciiu dl tdi cip Bd, tdi lieu luu trif tai Thu vien Vign DSn tdc hpc Nguyen Chi Huyen, Hodng Hoa Todn va Luang Van Bao (2000), Ngudn gdc lich iif ldc ngudi viing biin giai phia Bde Viet Nam, Nxb Vdn hda dan tdc, Hd Ndi Trin Thj Mai Lan (2011), Mpt so vdn de ca bdn vi chinh sdch ddn tpe viing bien giai cda hai nuac Viet Nam - Trung Qudc {Trudng hap viing Tdy Bde Vi^t Nam vd tinh Vdn Nam Trung Qudc), Bdo cdo kit qud nghign ciiu dl tdi cip Bd, tdi lieu luu trif tai Thu vien Vign Ddn tpc hgc - Trong bdi cdnh ngdy cang gia tdng Ddng Thanh Phuong (2010), Mpt so cdc hoat ddng chdng pha dudi nhilu hinh vdn di hue xiic ciia dong bdo ddn tpc Tdy, 37 Tgp chi Ddn tpc hpc s6'4 - 2014 Niing, Gidy qud trinh phdt trien kinh te viing bien a Lang San vd Ldo Cai, Bdo bao kit qud nghien ciru de tdi cip Bd, tdi lieu luu trii tai Thu vien Vien Dan tdc hgc Ly Hdnh Son (2008), Quan hi ddn tpc d viing bien gidi Viet - Ldo, Bao bao ket qua nghien cuu dl tdi cip Bd, tdi lieu luu trif tai Thu vien Vien Dan tdc hgc Nguyen Nam Tiln (1978), "Mdt sd suy nghT ve lanh thd tdc ngudi vd cdc dm muu chfnh trj cua bgn ddn tdc chii nghTa Sdvanh tren vin dl bien gidi qudc gia", Tgp chi Ddn tpe hpc, Sd 4, tr 76-85 Vuong Xudn Tinh (2011), Mot so vdn de ea bdn ve ddn tpe dudi tdc dpng cua su phdt triin vung biin giai Viet - Trung (Nghien eiru ve ngudi Hd Nhi a mdt ldng cua tinh Ldo Cai vd mpt ldng thudc chdu Hdng Hd tinh Vdn Nam, Trung Quoc), Bao bdo kit qua nghign ciiu dl tdi cip Bd, tdi Hgu luu trif tai Thu vign Vign Dan tdc hoc Mdt gdc chg xa Mudng Nhe, huygn Mudng Nhe, tinh Dien Bign Anh: Lg Thj Thda ... chinh tri Tdc dgng cua quan h | dan toe hoat dgng kinh te xuyen bien gidi 3.L Boi v&iphdt trien kinh te Cae quan hg kinh te xuygn bign gidi dya trgn ca chi thi trudng vd quan hg ddng t0c dang... Ddng vd Nhd nudc Van de quan i^* cdc mdi quan he dan tdc xuyen bien gidi Cd thi ndi, vigc quan ly cac mdi quan he ddn tdc xuyen bien gidi ndi chung, quan he hoat ddng kinh tl xuyen qudc gia ndi... bdi hg thudng Mm thue gin nhd 1.3 Quan hi Idm thue qua dudng biin gi&i Trong quan he mua ban kha phat trign d mdt sd dja bdn thudc vung bien gidi Viet - Lao thi quan he Idm thue lai dien rit phire