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Khoa hpc Xa hgi va Nhan vSn Quan he dan tpc xuyen qudc gia cua mot sdtoc ngi/cli vung mien nui phfa Bac; ,5-, thl/c trang va tac dong dV'fi Ly Hanh Son" Vien Ddn toe hpc, Vipi Hdn Idm Khoa hpc Xa hpi Viet Nam n bai 6.7.2015, chuydn phan bien 10.7.2015, nh^n phan bifn 6.8.2015, chap nhgn dang 10.8.2015 H^u het cac dSn tdc if miSn nui phia Bic nuffc ta da co quan he lau ddi vol ngirdd dong tgc hoac khac tpc ff qu6c gia khac co chung va kfaSng chung dirtmg bien gidi Trong b^i canh hi^n nay, moi quan h^ ^y dirp^c tang ciToug hffn tren cac hoat dgng kinh td, sinh ho^t xa hgi, giao iuu van hoa , dem lai nguon thu nh^p dang k6 cho hg gia dinh, Iam thay d6i ca cau kinh te, giiip bao t6n van hoa tgc ngiroi Tuy nhien, ben c^nh nhung tac dgng tich cue cung cd khong it anh huwng tieu cyc din on dinh xa hgi, an ninh quoc phong tai dia phirong, nhat la cac quan hd hdn nhan Ididng dang ky, buon ban ma tiiy, phu nir va tre em, di cw tudo qua bidn gi6i Tir khoa: mien nui phia Bac, quan he ddn tpc xuyen qudc gia Chisd phan loai 5.4 Dat van At Cross border relationship of some ethnic groups in Vietnam's Northern Moutainous region; current state and impact Quan he dan tgc xuyen quoc gia von xuat hien tii lau dai lich sii, bieu hi8n a hSu het cac linh vuc, tir ngu6n goc lich su tgc nguai, boat dgng kinb te, sinh hoat xa hgi, giao luu van hoa den ton giao, tin nguong Trong boi canh toan cau boa, su gia tang cac moi quan h? ay Summary khong chi a pham vi hai quoc gia co chung bien gioi, ma Most ethnic groups in Northern Moutainous '^ vuon toi nhieu quoc gia khac c6 ngucri dong tgc, d6ng region of Vietnam have a longstanding ton giao relationship with many similar or difl'erent ethnic groups in other countries which share Mien nui phia Bac nuac ta bao gom Dong BSc, Tay or not share the border In globalization Bac, ke ca tay Thanh Hoa, Nghe An, co duang bien gici context, that relationship has been i\ chung voi Trung Quoc va Lao, vdi hon 30 dan tgc thl^u s6 strengthened in all the fields of economics, i| sinh sdng ma hSu hSt co ngudn g6c tii Trung Qu6c va Uo social activities, culture It not only brings di cu den Viet Nam Do nhi6u dan tgc a ben bien gioi the benefits like making income, changing : CO dan so dong gap nhieu lan so voi nguoi ddng tgc ciia economic structure, conserving culture but i hg a Viet Nam, nen khong tranh khoi viec qua lai bien gioi also affects negatively the social stability and tronghoatdgngkinh te, vanhoa giiia cac dan tgc national security, especially unregistered Den nay, viing mien mil phia Bac, nhdt la cac tinh bien marriage, illegal drug trade, child and gidi van luon la phen dau vung chSc ciia T6 qu6c, dong woman trafficking, free trans-border vai tro chien luge ve an ninh, qu6c phong, viec bao migration ve chu quygn qu6c gia, chdng am mim xam nhap, gay bao Keywords: cross border relationship of some loan lat Tuy nhien, frong bdi canh bgi nhap, cac th£ luc ethnic groups Northern mountainous region thu djch van khong tix bo am muu lgi d^ng cac moi quan Classification number S.4 he dan tdc nai day dk gay can tro phat friln kmh t6 - xa hOi, chia re doan ket dan tgc, tap hgp luc lugng chdng pha sir nghiep each mang cua nudc ta *Email hmongdao@yahoo.com.v\ 3^ SSSGIKHEViet Nam "•=" 34 "•lin,* Khoa hgc Xa hoi v^ Nhan vSn Vdi dac diem va tinh chit quan frgng nhu da trinh bay d fren, nghien ciiu quan he dan tgc d miln nui phia Bac luon dugc cac nha khoa hgc quan tam Cd thd ke mgt sd cdng trinh cac nha nghien cuu thudc Vi6n Dan tdc hgc, Vien Han lam Khoa hgc Xa bgi Viet Nam thuc hien, nhu: Mot so suy nghive ldnh tho toe nguai vd cdc dm muu chinh tri cua bon ddn toe chit nghia Soyanh tren vdn de bien gi&i quoc gia (Nguyen Nam Tien, 1978) [l]; Nguon gdc lich su tpc ngirai viing bien gi&i phia Bac Viet Nam (Nguyin Chi Huyen, Hoang Hoa Toan va Luang Van Bao, 2000) [2]; Quan he ddn tpc a vung bien gi&i Viet - Ldo (Ly Hanh Son, 2008) [3]; Mpt so vdn de ca bdn ve ddn tdc duai tdc dong cua suphat trien viing bien gi&i Viet - Trung (Nghien cim ve ngu&i Hd Nhi & mpt ldng cua tinh Ldo Cai vd mpt ldng thuoc chdu Hong Hd, tinh Vdn Nam, Trung Quoc) (Vuang Xuan Tinh, 2011) [4]; Mot so van de ca bdn ve kinh te - xd hpi & cdc vung bien gi&i Viet Nam (Biii Xuan Dinh, 2013) [5]; Nghien cuu ddn tpc Hmong & viing bien gi&i Ldo - Viet (Pham Quang Hoan, 20II) [6]; Quan he ddn tpc xuyen quoc gia cua mpt so tpc nguai viing mien nui phia Bac (Ly Hanh Son, Tran Thi Mai Lan, 2015) [7] Tu nhiing nghien cuu da thuc hien, bai viet de cap khai quat ve thuc trang vd tdc dpng tie quan he ddn tpc xuyen quoc gia cua mpt so tpc nguai viing mien nui phia Bac Trong do, viec phan tich cac van de dugc tilp can tir goc nhin dan tdc hgc; fren ca sd quan triet tu tudng Hd Chi Minh va quan diem ciia Dang ta ve dan tdc va quan he dan tgc; vdi phucmg phap chu dao la dien da dan tgc bgc tai nai sinh sdng cua ngudi dan de thu thap tu lieu, tai lieu qua phong van sau, thao luan nhdm ; ket hgp ke thira nhirng qua nghien cum cua cac nha khoa hgc di trudc Dia ban nghien ciiu tap trung vao mgt sd huyen thudc cac tinh Cao Bang, Dien Bien, Lao Cai , vdi cac tgc ngudi dugc chgn nghien ciiu la Nimg, Thai, Hmdng, Ha Nhi Vd khai niem, bai viet nay, quan he dan tgc dugc hieu la cdc moi tuang tdc du&i nhieu hlnh thuc vd cdch thuc v&i nhirng chieu canh, muc dich vd xu hu&ng khde nhau, dien npi bp moi tpc nguai vd giUu cdc tpc ngu&i, the hien tren cdc linh vm d&i song xa hpi tpc ngu&i vd quoc gia nhu kinh te, chinh tri xa hpi, vdn hoa, tin nguong, ton gido, moi truang ; quan he dan tgc xuyen qudc gia Id cdc moi quan he cua mpt tpc ngu&i v&i ngu&i dong tpc hoac khac tpc a quoc gia kkdc CO chung hodc khong chung du&ng bien gi&i isssssaL^'""- Thuc trang quan he dan tfic xuyen qufic gia cua mpt sfi' tfic nguoi vung mifin niii phia Bfic Quan hp hoat dpng kinh te Trong quan he kinh te xuyen qudc gia tai cac tinh dugc khao sat, van de dien thudng xuyen doi vdi hau het cac dan tdc d ca hai viing bien gidi Viet - Lao, Viet - Trung la boat dgng thuang mai - frao ddi, budn ban hang hda tai cac chg d hai ben dudng bien gidi, nhat la viec budn ban luu dgng tai cac thdn/ban d Lao; xuat hien tu thuang ngudi dan tgc thieu sd lien ket vdi tu thuong ngudi Kinh thu gom hang bda va budn ban xuyen qudc gia cac mat hang nong san, san vat tu nhien Ben canh d6, hinh mang ludi ngudi Hmdng tbu mua gia sue d Lao mang ve Viet Nam ban Chang ban, chi rieng xa Nam Can, huyen Ky Son (Nghe An) vao nam 2006-2007 cd 10 ngudi Hmdng chuyen sang Lao mua trau bd ve ban cbo tu thuang ngudi Viet [3]; dien da vao cudi nam 2013 cho thay, co tdi ngudi Hmdng d hai ban Nam La va Nam San (xa Mudng Nhe, huyen Mudng Nhe, tinh Dien Bien) van hay sang Lao mua trau, bd, de mang ve Viet Nam ban lay lai [7] Van de noi len d bien gidi Viet - Trung la ngudi Tay, Niing, Ha Nhi sang Trung Quoc lam thue Qua ket qua dien da, chi thang dau nam 2013, tdng sd ngudi Hmdng va Ha Nhi d tinh Dien Bien vugt bien di lam thue dai lai Trung Qudc da la 36 trudng hgp, chua ke so ngudi sang di qua dudng bien lam thue den tdi lai ve nha; tai tinh Lao Cai, tir thang 1.2013 din thang 3.2014, cbi hai xa Si Ma Cai (huyen Si Ma Cai) va Ta Gia Khau (huyen Mudng Khuong) cd 1.150 ngudi cac dan tgc Hmdng, Niing, Giay sang Trung Qudc lam thue; d tinh Cao Bang, tir 2010 den thang 9.2012 cd 2.755 lugt ngudi vugt bien trai phep sang Trung Qudc lam thue, tir thang 10.2011 den thang 10.2013 da CO hem 8.308 lugt cdng dan, dd 5.629 lugt la cdng dan d khu vuc bien gidi cua tinh vugl bien trai phep sang Trung Qudc lam thue, sd cd khoang 1/4 sd lugt d lai Trung Quoc lam thue dai ngay, 3/4 sd lugt ngudi di ve [8] Ngoai di lam thue, van de noi cdm tai bien gidi Viet - Trung the hien d mdt bd phan ngudi dan cac dan tgc tham gia ganh vac hang thue qua dudng bien gidi, mai moi cdng viec lam an lam gia tang budn lau hang hda, tang sd lugng ngudi qua lai bien gidi trai phep Van de d bien gidi Viet - Lao la viec ngudi dan Viet Nam sang mugn hoac thue dat ben Lao de san xuat, 35 K h o a hQC X a hoi va N h a n van lam dich vu, frdng cay thudc phien., Ben canh do, cac hoat dgng kinh tl truyin thong xuyen qudc gia vSn gia tang, nhu frao doi cay frdng va vat nudi, hgc hdi kinh nghiem lam an, frg giiip san xuSt, tieu thu san phim giua cac hd ket nghia anh em, cd hg hang Dac biet, hoat dgng trdng trgt xuyen qudc gia dang phat friln d nhilu noi thudc cac tinh Cao Bang, Lang Son ma diln hinh la d vimg bien gidi Viet - Trung thudc cac huyen Mudng Khuong, Bao ThSng (Lao Cai) - noi ngudi Hmdng va Dao "trdng thue" chudi, dira tren dat cua minb de ban cho ngudi Trung Qudc [9] Quan he linh vuc xd hpi Kit qua nghien cim cho thay, hau het cac dan tdc vimg miln nui phia BSc co ddng tdc d ben bien gidi diu tri cac mdi quan he hg hang, lang gieng Vdi mgt so dan tdc nhu ngudi Nung d huyen Ha Quang (Cao BSng), ngudi Thai d huyen Dien Bien (Dign Bien) hoac Mudng Lat (Thanh Hda) cac quan he ay da dien rat Iau ddi Dac biet, quan he hg hang ddng tgc d ngudi Hmdng cdn vugt ngoai pham vi cu tru va xuyen qudc gia: tir Cao Bang, Ha Giang, Lao Cai, Lai Chau, Dien Bien din Nghe An - nai cd ngudi Hmdng deu cd cac mdi quan he vdi ddng tgc d ben bien gidi Nhd tap quan di cu va quan he ddng tgc, ngudi Hmdng d cac viing mien va cac nudc da tao dugc mang ludi lien h$, frao ddi thdng tin vdi tir vimg den vimg khac, tir Viet Nam tdi Lao, Trung Qudc, Thai Lan Cac dan tgc nhu: Tay (Cao Bang, Lang San), Ha Nhi (Dien Bien, Lai Chau) deu co quan he ddng tdc xuyen bien gidi, nhat la cac quan he hg hang, thdng gia fren ca sd cac cudc hdn nhan, Viec gia tang hdn nhan xuyen qudc gia la yeu td frgng tam de thiet lap, tri quan he hg hang, ddng tgc d cac dan tdc Tbeo bao cao ciia co quan chiic nang, tinh Cao B5ng frr 1990 din 2009 cd hon 1.230 phu nii (chil yeu la ngudi Tay va Niing) lay chdng d Trung Qudc, hi 2010 din thang 9.2013 cd ban 200 trudng hgp [10]; den nam 2011, chi rieng cac huyen bien gidi tinh Lang San c6 tren 3,000 ngudi ket hon xuyen qudc gia, hau het la phu nii Nung hoac Tay d Viet Nam sang Trung Qudc lay chdng; d tinh Dien Bien, chi frong nam 2010, viec ket bdn qua bien gidi cua ngudi Thai CO tdi 71 frudng hgp Doi vdi ngudi Hmdng, tai hai ban Nam La, Nam San thudc xa Mudng Nhe (Mudng Nhe, Dien Bien) co 10 cap; ban Pu Lau, xa Mudng Nha (huyen Dien Bien, tinh Dien Bien) co cap; ban Bua H M G N G W Viet Nain' Hm, xa Mudng Hung (Sdng Ma, San La) co cap; baa' Keo Hugn, xa Pii Nhi (Mudng Lat, Thanh Hoa) c6 13 cap; ban Trudng San, xa Nam C4n (Ky San, Nghe An) cd cap; rieng xa Doge May (Ky Son, Nghe An) co it nhat 50 trudng hgp lay vg la ngudi Hmdng d Lao va khoang fren 100 ngudi frr xa di idy chdng la ngucri Hmdng d Lao [3] Quan he linh vuc vdn hda Nghien ciiu t^i cac dia ban thuOc cac tinh Cao Bang, Dien Bien va Lao Cai cho thay, cac moi quan he van hda xuyen qudc gia van dang dien d ca hai vung bien gidi Viet - Trung, Viet - Lao ddi vdi hku bet cac dan tdc, dac biet la cac dan tdc Niing, Thai, Hmong, Ha Nhi, Ld Ld Trong do, viec qua l^i dudng bien gidi dl viing tham, tham du cac nghi 16 cua gia dinh, ddng hg va cac ll hgi cdng ddng da dien tit lau dm, cang cd dilu kien md rgng them khdng chi co su thuan lgi vl tSng giao tbdng va thdng tm tmyln thdng, ma su gia tang cac cugc hdn nhan xuyen qudc gia, ket nghla anh em va cac mdi lien ket frong lam an ii.i.UI"**"' Song, van de dat la gan day, ngudi dan cac dan tdc viing mien niii phia Bac deu ua thich cac san pham van hda dugc cai tien bSng cdng nghe mdi ciia dong tdc phia ben bien gidi, nhu dd mac, dd frang sue, bang dia phim anh hoac ca nhac Dac biet, hau het cac bang dia ay deu pbat bang tieng dan tgc vdi du loai ndi dung ciing nhu chii de khong dugc bat ky co quan chirc nang nao cua nudc ta kiem soat, dugc san xuat tai Trung Qudc, My, Thai Lan va nhieu nudc khac Chua ke tinh frang ldp fre nhilu tdc ngudi thieu sd bien cdn tai cac bai bat, nhac, phim bang tieng dan tgc ve dien thoai thdng qua ban be, intemet [4] Vdi sir mai mdt cac ll hdi, dan ca dan vu truyen thdng cua hau bet cac dan tdc d phia Viet Nam thi kho franh khdi su tiep nhan van hoa ngoai lai tir ben ngoai Song, van de la am muu ciia nudc ngoai frong chiln luge bien gidi mem ddi vdi cac dan tdc viing mien nui phia Bac frong bdi canh nen van hda qudc gia/chinh thdng cua Viet Nam van chua tham nhap on dinh frong ddi sdng cua ddng bao dan tdc thieu sd, y thiic qudc gia Viet Nam van chua hoan toan phd bien ddi vdi ngudi dan cac dan tdc nai day '•tilo» Quan he lien quan din an ninh, qudc phong Day chinh la nhiing mdi quan he phat sinh hi van de di cu tu din viing bien gidi Viet - Lao va vugt 36 M Khoa hpc Xa hgi va Nhan vSn qua dudng bien cua cac nhdm cdng ddng tdc ngudi Chang ban, d huyen Mirdng Nhe (Dien Bien), nam 2007 da cd 92/124 ban cua huyen la dan di cu din Ca 11 xa cua huyen d thdi dilm diu cd dan di cu keo den, chu yeu la ngudi Hmdng Viec ngudi Hmdng di cu din Mudng Nhe lien quan tdi dao Tin lanh va tin ddn v l "Vuang qudc Hmdng" Tai San La, cung cd nhieu ngudi Hmdng xa thudc huyen Sdng Ma va nhieu xa thudc cac huyen Sdp Cgp, Thuan Chau, Mgc Chau di cu sang Lao Rieng Nghe An, tir nam 1999 din 2010, cac huyen bien gidi da cd 1.211 hg, 5.631 nhan khau cac dan tdc thieu sd, chii yeu la ngudi Hmdng, phan ldn di cu frr sang Lao, sd it di vao phia Nam Vi du, d huyen Qui Phong trudc day, dan tgc Hmdng chi sdng d xa Tri Le, nhung tir nam 1995 din thang 3.2011 da cd 169 hd, 933 nhan khau ngudi Hmdng d day di cir sang Lao, va cbi nam 2009-2010, chinh quyen Lao da frao fra cho huyen 115 hg vdi 946 nhan khSu ngudi Hmdng [11] Trong do, d viing mien nui dang gia tang cac mdi quan he ton giao xuyen qudc gia Vdi ngudi Hmong, nhiing gia dinh cimg hg tdc khdng theo Tin lanh, theo phong tuc truyen thdng, hg vEn thudng xuyen tu tap tai nha tnrdng hg d ben hay ben bien gidi de lam mdt sd nghi le Song, cd su phirc tap frong quan he dan tgc d nhiing ngudi Hmdng theo Tin lanh, tao di cu tu phat, gay chia re frong ndi bd cgng ddng ngudi Hmdng va mau thuan vdi nhieu dan tgc khac d hai ben bien gidi; va dac biet la dang tiem an sy bung pbat ta dao Duang Van Minh Chua ke, nhiing van de khac, nhu ngudi dan xam canh qua bien gidi, xuat canh frai phep gia tang d noi nai kia, nhat la te nan budn ban ma tiiy d viing bien gidi Viet - Lao, budn ban hang lau va phu nir, tre em tai vimg bien gidi Viet - Trung Cac van de ay khac biet gitia viing bien gidi Viet - Trung va \^et - Lao, giiia cac dan tdc va giira cac dia phuang , song deu cd nhiing tac ddng den boat dgng san xuat, ddi sdng xa hgi ciia ngudi dan cac tdc ngudi, va den su dn dinh cbinh tn - xa hdi, an ninh quoc pbdng d cac viing va cua qudc gia Tac dfing cua quan he dan tfic xuyen quo'c gia de'n phat trien kinh te' - xa hoi, an ninh, qufi'c phfing a vung mifin niii phia Bac va nhung van dfi dat Tdc dpng tich cue Quan he dan tdc xuyen qudc gia dua tren ca chl thj trudng hien dang tao nhieu quan he mdi boat dgng kinb te nhu: thuang mai, tin dung, thue mudn lao KHOAHOC iKkUAUAU /ipl mm 4(5)5.2016 ddng Day la nhiing yeu td mdi lam thay ddi tu sinh ke cd truyen d hau het cac dan tdc vimg mien mii phia Bac, tao nhu cau san xuat hang hda, kich thich phat frien cac djch vu C) nhirng nai cd ca hgi budn ban thi ngudi dan da biet ket hgp md cac dich vu, phat trien nghe thil cdng gia dinh, thu gom hang hda Tren ca sd quan he ddng tgc xuyen qudc gia, nhieu tu thuang ciia cac dan tgc tai chd dang tang cudng budn ban qua dudng bien gidi Nhd cac quan he do, ngudi dan cdn chil ddng viec hudng dung cac chinh sach phat frien ciia Nha nudc, nhat la chii ddng vay vdn de san xuat hoac tra chi phi qua lai dudng bien gidi de tim kiem viec lam., Quan he dan tdc xuyen qudc gia khdng chi gdp phan tao thu nhap mdi, ma cdn giup ngudi dan thay ddi ca cau san xuat, chuyen ddi gidng cay trdng, vat nudi cd gia tri hang hda, tang ca hgi tieu thu san pham., Ket qua nghien ciiu tai cac tinh Cao Bang, Dien Bien, Lao Cai da chi rang, nhieu gia dinh d phia Viet Nam cd dieu kien md rdng quan he xuyen qudc gia deu kha gia hem, nhat la bd phan ngudi Hmdng, Tay, Niing, Ha Nhi d nhiing noi cd chuyen ddi ca cau ndng nghiep sang trdng chudi, diia, thao qua, mia dudng, frdng dau nudi tam de ban sang Trung Qudc, Sy md rgng cac moi quan he kinh te xuyen qudc gia ciing lam tang tan suat qua lai dudng bien gidi cua ngudi dan cac dan tgc vdi nhieu myc dich nhu: tham than, trg giiip san xuat, kiem viec lam, budn ban Dieu khien cho mang ludi xa hdi cua hg phong phu hem Ddng thdi, dem lai cho cac dan tdc d viing c6 sy hda hgp ban ve ddi sdng vat chat, sir dyng song ngii va da ngii, tao ca hdi de nhiing ngudi ddng tdc va khac tdc d hai ben bien gidi md rdng giao luu van hda, phat huy tinh doan ket hiiu nghi vdn cd, ciing tham gia bao ve dudng bien, giii gin tai san va an ninh bien gidi Tdc dpng tieu cue Tir ket qua nghien ciiu dien da va qua mgt sd cdng trinh nghien cim cho thay, ngudi dan mdt sd dia phuang d phia Viet Nam, nhat ia viing bien gidi Viet - Trung, ddi it chii trgng phat trien tii' ngi lyc ma phy thudc vao cac dan tgc va doanh nghiep phia ben bien gidi ve gidng cay trong, vat nudi, thi trudng tieu thy san pham, ke ca thu nhap tu viec lam thue Tinh trang mgt bd phan nhd ngudi dan phia Viet Nam klidng cbii trgng phat trien kinh te cho gia dinh ma phu thudc vao cac khoan thu nhap bap benh tir boat ddng kinh te xuyen qudc gia, tham chi bi lgi dung budn ban hang lau, budn K h o a h p c X a hQi va N h a n vSn ban ma ttiy, phu nir va fre em [5] la thyc fr^ng dang lo ngai Hoac nhu, su hap dan ve dat san xuat d Lao; ddi sdng kinh tl, van hda, viec lam d Trung Qudc, da lam gia tang mdt bd phan ngudi dan cac dan tdc thieu sd frr Viet Nam sang Lao thue dSt lam an hoac di cu ttJ sang sinh sdng, dac biet la cang nhieu phu nii Viet Nam sang Trung Quoc lay chdng khdng dang ky kit hdn Nhiing vkn dk dang gay phiic tap cho an ninh qudc gia, nhat la frong viec quan ly nhan khau, hg khau va quan ly cac mdi quan he dan tgc cang phat trien d day Tinh frang xam nhap nhieu san pham van boa ngoai lai tir ben bien gidi ciing tac ddng tieu cue den viec giu gin ban sac van hda tdc ngudi va van hda qudc gia nudc ta, anh hudng tdi nhan thirc cua ngudi dan ddi vdi chinh sach ciia Dang ta ve bao tdn va pbat huy cac gia tri van hoa truyen thdng Chua ke, cac phan tir va cac td chiic chdng ddi d va ngoai nudc ludn tim mgi each khai thac triet de cac mdi quan he dan tdc xuyen qudc gia ciia cac dan tdc nham pha hoai khoi doan ket, gay bat dn dinh xa hgi, nhat la viec tuyen truyen xay dyng "Vuong qudc Hmdng", Nhirng vdn de dat Qua phan tich ket qua nghien cihi ve quan he dan tdc xuyen qudc gia cua mdt sd tdc ngudi vimg mien mii phia Bac, cd the thay ro mdt sd van de can giai quylt nhu sau: Thu nhdt, tinh frang gia tang cac mdi quan he dan tdc xuyen qudc gia ciia cac tdc ngudi d mien niii phia Bac dang dien tbeo nhieu chieu hudng phiic tap, sinh nhieu van de can dugc giai quyet Tuy nhien, chinh quyen va cac ca quan chiic nang d dia phuang va ca sd van td thy dgng, dac biet la chua cd giai phap thu hiit va gan ket cac quan he vdi hoat dgng kinh te phii hgp vdi dilu kien ciia dia phuang dl tao them ngudn thu cho ngudi dan Thir hai, y thuc qudc gia chu yen dugc xay dyng thdng qua giao due va myen fruyin, song vice Iam cdn ban che Trong do, dang hien hthi nguy ca suy giam y thiic qudc gia d mdt bg phan ngudi dan, quan he dan tgc xuyen quoc gia hoan canh ngudi ddng tgc d nudc ngoai khdng chi ddng diic ma cdn cd cudc sdng tdt ban phia Viet Nam ciia mdt sd tgc ngudi chang han nhu Niing, Ha Nhi, Hmdng da khien cho khdng it ngudi dan tri, tham chi tang cirdng lion y thii'c hudng ve phia ben bien gidi Thutu, tai bicn gidi, cac inOi quan he duac quan ly kha tdt bdi lire lucmg bien phong va chinh quyen, doan thl dia phuang nhung nguac lai, d ndi dja, viec nim b&t tinh binh lai chua tdt, chua theo kip su gia tang quan he giiia cac dan tdc a dia phuang, nhat la quan he giiia cac td chirc, than tdc ddng tgc xuyen qudc gia, Thic ndm, nang lyc ciia dgi ngu can bd cap thdn/ban cdn ban che, gap nhicu khd khan viec phat trien, Hien nay, luang can bg thdn/ban it trinh hoc vdn thap, chua qua dao tao, bdi dirdng ve kien thiic lam kinh te, tham chi chira thao tieng Viet, chua ke den dia ban xa mien mii rgng idn, thdn/ban each xa tru sd xa dudng sa di lai khd khan Ket luan va mpt so kien nghi, giai phap Ket luan Tu lau ddi, cac dan tgc a mien nui phia Bac c6 nhiing mdi quan he xuyen qudc gia vdi nhung ngucri ddng tdc va khac tdc, dien hau khap cac linh wc, tir tinh cam hg hang, lang gieng hdn nhan den cac hoat ddng kinh te, giao luu van hoa thuc hanh tin ngudng tdn giao Cac quan he ay da gdp phan dang ke cho vice tang thu nhap cua hd gia dinh, lam thay ddi ca cau kmh te, thu hiit vdn dau tu nudc ngoai, qua cd ddng gop nhat dinh cho su phat tnen mgt sd lmh \TJC kinh te - xa hgi cua viing Ddng thdi, mang lai cho cac dan tdc a nhiing qudc gia khac su gan bd tinh cam than tpc va ddng tgc, du\ tri su da dang \ an hoa tang cudng mang ludi lien ket vdi nhau., Tuy nhien, quan he dan tgc xuyen qudc gia ciia cac dan tdc thieu sd nai day ciing Iam smh nhieu \an dl phirc tap Dd la tinh frang kinh te cua nhicu gia dinh cac dan tdc phu thuoc vao ddng tgc hoac doanh nhan d Tmng Qudc: van de di cu tir qua bien gidi, thuc dat lam an budn ban san vat tu nhien va ma tiiy a vimg bien gidi Viet - Lao gia tang sd nguai qua lai bien gidi de lam thue, budn hang Iau, budn ban phu nir va tre em d viing bien gidi Viet - Trung Dac biet la sy cau kel cua cac phan tu a nudc vdi ddng tdc tai nudc ngoai dc mu'u toan lap "Vuong qudc Hmdng" Thu ba, van de phu thudc it nhilu vao thi trudng budn ban, Iao ddng, viec lara va cac dich vy van hda d ben bien gidi, dac biet la tti phia Trung Quoc WNG NGHE viS Nam 4(5)5.2016 Kien nghi, giai phdp (i) Tao dieu kien tdt htm nCra cho cac dan tdc phat 38 -Ucf Khoa hoc x a hoi va NhSn vSn Hi tnen sSu rdng cac quan he kinh tl d ngi viing va xuyen qudc gia, phat huy cac quan he truyin thong tdt dep, kien quyet dau franh vdi cac quan he gay anh hudng tieu cyc den an ninh qudc gia Ddi mdi chinh sach nham nSng cao dan cac ca sd tang, phat friln san xuat hang hda, tieu thy san phim ; cd cbinb sach thu htit dau tu xay dung cac khu cdng nghiep, tao viec lam tai mdt sd tinh; cho em cac dan tgc hgc hit phd thdng, dugc dao tao nghe nghiep tai cac trudng nghl (ii) Tang cudng va md rdng hem nira cac hoat dgng giao lim van boa qudc gia nhim nang cao y thirc qudc gia cbo mgi ngudi dan, ddng thdi, chii frgng bao tdn va phat huy, tham chi khdi phuc co chgn lgc nhiing dac diem van hda, tin ngudng tdt dep ciia mdi dan tdc mien mii phia Bac Tang cudng chat lugng giao due phd thdng va thdng tin truyin thdng; dky manh hieu qua boat dgng ciia cac trung tam va nha van bda; ddi mdi chinh sach ddi vdi viec bao ton va pbat huy cac gia tri van hda tdc ngudi (iii) Nang cao trinh can bd cdp thdn/ban d l cd du nang lyc chi dao ngudi dan phat trien kinh tl, giam dan ch6nh lech giau ngheo Cd chinh sach dac thii boi dudng nang cao kien thiic ve phat trien kinh te cbo cac tnrdng thdn/ban la ngudi dan tgc thieu sd d nhiing noi vimg sau, vung xa, vung cao bien gidi (iv) Phat huy ban niia vai frd nhiing ngudi cd uy tin d cdng ddng dan cu, cac tdn giao va cac td chirc xa hdi tham gia quan ly cac mdi quan he dan tdc Ddi mdi va thyc hien tdt Chi thi 06/200 8/CT-TTg cua Thu tudng Chinh phu ve phat buy vai trd cua nhiing ngudi co uy tin frong ddng bao cac dan tgc thieu sd sy nghiep xay dyng va bao ve Td qudc (v) Giai quyet van de quan he dan tdc xuyen qudc gia hien khdng chi bd hep d pham vi dia phuang m^ phai gan ket giiia cac viing mien ciia ca nudc va dat frong ddi sanh vdi nhiing tac ddng tir nudc ngoai Phat huy mgi ngudn lyc cho phat frien; tan dung tdi da nhiing lgi the cua viing, ciia cac dan tdc va nhung tac ddng tich cyc tir chinh sach ciia cac nudc lang gieng; dac biet, can cd mdt chien luge xay dyng vimg bien gidi Viet Nam, frong trgng tam la phat tnen kinh te - xa hdi, nang cao ddi sdng va y thiic qudc gia - dan tdc cho ngudi dan d khu vyc bien gidi KHOAHOC ISMUANGHI Mal m 4(5)5.2016 Tai lieu tham hhao [1] Nguyen Nam T1611 (1978), "Moi s6 suy nghT ve lanh th6 toe nguoi va cac am miru chinh In ciia bpn dan toe ehii nghTa Sovanh tren van de bien gioi qu6c gia", Tgp cki Ddn tgc hpc, so 4, tr.52-64 [2] Nguyin Chi Huyen, Hoang Hoa Toan va Luong Van Bao (2000), Nguon goc ljch su loc ngu-oi viing hien gi&i phia Bac yiet Nam, Nxb Van hoa dan toe [3] Ly Hanh Son (2008), Quan he ddn lpc a vitng bien giai Vi^t - Ldo, Bao cao kgt qua nghien cuu de tai cap bo, luu trQ tai Thu vi?n Dantfichoe, tr.60-65,78 [4] ViroTig Xuan Tinh (2011), Mpi so van de ca bdn ve ddn tgc dudi tdc dong cua sif phdt trien vitng hien giai Viet - Trung (Nghien ciht ve ngucn Hd Nhi & mpt ldng cua tinh Ldo Cai vd mgt Idng thuoc chdu Hong Hd, linh Vdn Nam, Trung Quoc), Bao cao ket qua nghien ciju de tai cap bp, Iuu trir tai Thu vi$n Dan tgc hoe, tr.44 [5] Biii Xuan Dinh, Nguyin Nggc Thanh (ddng chii bien) (2013), Mpt so vdn de ca bdn ve hnh te - xa hoi a cdc vitng bien gi&i Viet Nam, Nxb Khoa hoc xa hoi, tr.97-101 [6] Pham Quang Hoan [IHW), Nghien cini ddn tgc Hmong a viing bien gi&i Ldo - Viet, Bao cao ket qua nghien ciru de tai cap bo, !im tru tai Thu vien Dan toe hgc [7] Ly Hanh Son, Tr^n Thi Mai Lan (2015), Quan he ddn tpc xuyen quoc gia ciia mot so tgc nguai vitng mien mii phia Bac, Bao eao ket qua nghien cuu de tai cap bp, lim tru tai Thu vien Dan toe hgc [8] Ly Hanh Son (20!4), "Quan he dan tge xuyen bien gioi boat dgng kinh te cr mgt s6 tge nguoi vung mien nui phia BSe", Tap chi Ddn ldc hgc, 4(187), Ir 25-37 [9] Bill Xuan Dinh (20U), Suy nghi vS su-Sn dinh ciia bien giai tu thuc te phdt irien kinh te a hai viing bien gl&i Viel- Trung, Bao cao tham luan t^i Hgi nghi thong bao dan tgc hoc nam20il [10] Le Thl Hucmg (2014), "Thuc tr^ng hon nhan xuyen bien gioi ciia cac toe ngudi Nung, Thai va Hmong o hai tinh Cao Bang va Dien Bien", Tap chi Ddn tdc hgc, 4(187), tr 38-45 [ 11 ] Ly Hanh Son (2012), f^ot so vdn de ca bdn ve ddn tgc - lon gido Irong phdt Inen ben vung cdc linh bien gi&i Viel Nam, Bao eao ket qua nghien cuu de tai cap bo, luu tru lai Thu vien Dan toe hge, tr 143-144 39 ... deu co quan he ddng tdc xuyen bien gidi, nhat la cac quan he hg hang, thdng gia fren ca sd cac cudc hdn nhan, Viec gia tang hdn nhan xuyen qudc gia la yeu td frgng tam de thiet lap, tri quan he... isssssaL^'""- Thuc trang quan he dan tfic xuyen qufic gia cua mpt sfi' tfic nguoi vung mifin niii phia Bfic Quan hp hoat dpng kinh te Trong quan he kinh te xuyen qudc gia tai cac tinh dugc khao... va xuyen qudc gia: tir Cao Bang, Ha Giang, Lao Cai, Lai Chau, Dien Bien din Nghe An - nai cd ngudi Hmdng deu cd cac mdi quan he vdi ddng tgc d ben bien gidi Nhd tap quan di cu va quan he ddng
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