V Thu-c tr^ng va tac dong cua viec su* dung dat dai den quan hf dan toe o^ Tay Nguyen hi§n Tran H^ng H ^ n h ' Tdm tdt: Bat viet trinh bdy thuc trgng sft dung dit dai d Tay Nguy6n va tac dpng ciia no den moi quan he ddn tpc d viing Tai Tay Nguyen, mac dii da dugc Chi'nh phii d^c bi§t quan tam nhung vdn de dit dai vdn nhieu bit c§p quan ly vd sft dyng dat dai Tinh trang thilu dat sdn xuit kha phd bien va chua dupc giai quylt ft-i?t de, d§c bi§t la cdng dong cac dan tpc thieu s6 Sy cpng cu ciia cdc tpc ngucri cdng vdi nhftng th^ hudng chinh sach dat dai va cac chinh sdch dan tpc khdc giiia cdc tpc ngudi va gifta cdc ndng, ldm trudng vdi ngudi dan dd c6 nhung tac dpng, ca tich cyc va tieu cyc, din sy on djnh va phat trien ciia viing Tdy Nguyen, dang chu y la tinh ben vung sft dung tai nguy6n dat vd khoi dgi dodn kit dan tpc Tu lihda: Dat dai; tpc ngudi; ddn tpc; quan hp dan ^ ; doan kit dan tpc; Tay Nguyen Mddau cho va cdc cu dan mdi den Tay Nguyen (ca Tdy Nguyen ndm d phia Tdy Nam Vipt di cu cd ke hogch vd di cu ty len Tdy Nam, Id trung tdm cfta miln nfti Nam Ddng Nguyen, chft ydu la tft mien Bic vao) Trong Duong, gdm tinh Kon Tum, Gia Lai, Ddk do, cu ddn tai cho cfta Tdy Nguyen chi cd 12 Ldk, Dik Ndng vd Ldm Ddng vdi thi xd, tdc ngudi, nhung din nay, tai Tay Nguydn, 52 huy$n, 77 phudng, 47 tiij ttin va 598 dd cd 54 t^c ngudi cftng ehung sdng Trong nhCmg nam qua, kinh te vftng Tdy xd^' Tay Nguydn cd nhflng hdnh lang ty nhien thdng vdi Nam Ldo vd Ddng Bic Nguyen dd co nhimg budc phdt trien mgnh, Campuchia; ndm Tam gidc phdt trien vdi tdc dp tdng trudng tong sdn pham ttong khu vyc bien gidi ba nudc Vipt Nam - Ldo - nudc (GDP) thdi ky 2001 - 2012 dgt binh Campuchia Tay Nguyen cd hp thdng dudng qudn 12,47%/nam, cao hon tdc dp tdng giao thdng lien hoan ndi vdi cdc tinh duyen trudng chung eiia ca nudc (7,14%/ndm) vd hdi mien Trung va Ddng Nam Bp; cd cac cfta khiu qu6c te, qu6c gia trdn tuyen hanh *ã' Tifin SI, ViĐn Dan tOc hpc, Vi^n Hkn \&m Khoa lang Ddng - Tdy, vdy, cd nhilu dilu kien hpc xa hfli Vi^t Nam DT: 0988065688 Email: tranhanh73@yahoo.com B^i vilt \k s ^ pham phat ttiln kinh tl md T6ng sd dan cfta Tdy Nguydn la ciia dk tki TN3/X05 "Quan hi tgc ngu&i vd chiin lugc xdy dgng khdi dgi dodn kit ddn tgc phdt 5.379.600 ngudi vdi mdt dd ddn sd ttung triin bin v&ng Tdy Nguyen" thu^c Chirong trinh bmh Id 99 ngudi/km^ Da dang t^c ngudi Id Khoa h9c vk Cong ngh§ trgng diem cip Nhd nii6c "Khoa hgc vd cdng ngh4 phuc vif phdt triin kinh ti hipn tugng ph6 biln d vftng Tay Nguyen xa hgi vitng Tdy Nguyen" (KHCN-TN3/11-15) h i ^ Day la kit qua cfta qua trinh tang "' T6ng cpc Thing kfi (2013), Niin gidm thong ke ddn s6 ty nhien vd ca hpc cfta cdc cu ddn tgi 2012, Nxb Thong ke, Hk Npi, tr 16 71 Tgp chi Khoa hgc xd hgi Viit Nam so 8(93) - 2015 thdm chi cao hon so vdi nhieu vftng khdc (Ddng Nam Bd va vftng dong bdng sdng Hdng) Co ciu kinh td cua vung cd budc chuyin dich tich cyc, chuyen mgnh tft kinh tl ty cung ty cdp la chinh sang sdn xuit hang hda Nhihig thay ddi ttong co cdu kinh te dd gdp phin cai thipn den sdng ciia ngudi ddn, lam giam tinh trgng doi ngheo d cdc cpng ddng ddn cu, ttong cd cdc dan tdc thilu sd Tuy nhien, Tdy Nguyen hipn van Id viing cd ty le hd ngheo cao thft hai ca nudc, chi xep sau viing Trung du vd mien nfti phia Bac Z Hi^trai^su'duiig^daid'T^ NguySn Tdng dipn tich dit ty nhien cfta Tdy Nguyen tinh ddn nam 2013 dgt 5.464,1 nghin ha; do, ddt sdn xuat ndng nghiep Id 2.000,4 nghin (chilm 36,6% tdng dien tich ty nhien eua ca viing), dit lam nghipp - 2.815,1 nghm (51,5%), dit chuyen dftng - 209,4 nghin (3,7%) va dit d - 53,7 nghin (1%) So vdi nhftng nam trudc ddy, didn tich dat san xuit ndng nghidp cang tdng vd tang mgnh nhat, sau din dipn tich dit chuyen diing; dit d cimg cd xu hudng tdng nhung khdng dang ke; do, dien tich ddt Idm nghiep van chilm ty 1$ ldn nhit nhung lgi cd xu hudng ngdy cang gidm ke tft ndm 2009 (Bdng 1) Bang 1: Hipnttgngsft dyng dit d Tdy Nguyen Nam Tong dien tich 2007 2008 2009 2012 2013 5464,0 5464,1 5464,2 5464,2 5464,1 2007 2008 2009 2012 2013 100,0 100,0 100,0 100,0 100,0 Trong Dat lam Diit chuySn Dat san xuat dung nong nghiep nghi$p Di^n lich (Nghin ha) 1626,9 3122,5 142,0 1667,5 3081,8 157,7 1985,2 2830,3 202,8 1985,2 2830,3 202,8 2000,4 2815,1 209,4 Cacau(%) 29,8 57,1 2,6 30,5 56,4 2,9 36,3 51,8 3,7 36,3 51,8 3,7 36,6 51,5 3,8 Dito 43,5 45,5 53,1 53,1 53,7 0,8 0,8 1,0 1,0 1,0 Ngudn: Tdng cyc Thdng ke qua cac ndm v6Hidnttgngsft dyng dit phan theo dja phuang Tay Nguyen cd dipn tich dit bazan chidm 74,25% tdng sd dit bazan cfta ca nudc vdi tren 1,5 ttipu vd cd hang chye vgn dit den, dit phft sa thich hgp vdi nhilu logi cdy ttong, thugn lgi phat ttien mdt nin ndng nghipp da dgng*^* Vdi nhthig lgi thd vd tho nhudng va hgu, san xudt ndng nghipp 72 phdt triln khd nhanh d vung Tdy Nguydn, *^' Tran Vift Hing (2013), Phdt triin Tdy Nffiyin thai ky diy mgnh cdng nghiip hda, hipi dgi h Phan 2, hap://www.vietrade.gov.vn/vung-kinh-te-taynguyen/3159-phat-trin-tay-ngi^en-trong-thi-k-y-mrfir cong-nghip-hoarhin-i4ioai>hn-2Jitml, ngfty 12/1/2013 (Truy c^ ngiy 5/6/2014) TTtgc trgng vd tdc dgng cua viic sir dung ddt dai tgo nen mpt sd vftng san xuit hdng hda t ^ tnmg, tham canh cdy cdng nghiep nhu cd phe, hd tieu, eao su, che, mia, didu, ddu tdm, bdng Tft diu nhftng ndm 2000 din nay, co ciu sft dyng ddt d Tay Nguyen cd sy thay ddi dang ke: mdt dipn tich ldn dit ndng, ldm nghipp chuyen ddi thdnh ddt cho cdc dy an phat triln, giao thdng, thuy lgi, thfty didn, khu cdng nghipp, khu dd th} mdi, khu du Iich, khu ddn cu ndng thdn D I khdc phye tinh trang mdt rftng vd qudn 1^ rung ben vung, ttong khoang 10 ndm gdn day, nganh Iam nghipp da cd nhftng budc chuydn hudng quan ttpng, tft khai thdc go rftng ty nhidn Id chinh sang tt6ng mdi, khoanh nudi, giao khoan bao vp riing, gdn khai thdc vdi chl biln theo kl hoach Do vgy, xd h0i hda tai nguyen rftng va nghi rung - mpt hudng di ben vtmg dugc d§c biet diy mgnh ke tft ndm 2005, cd Quylt dinh sd 304/2005/QD-TTg ngdy 23 thang 11 ndm 2005 cfta Thft tudng CMnh phft Theo dd, chinh quydn dia phuong dd thi dilm giao rftng, khodn bao v$ rftng cho hg gia dirih va cdng dong ttong budn, ldng ddng bao ddn tdc thieu sd tai cho d Tdy Nguydn Kit qua Hgi nghi "Bao vp va phat triln rftng cac tmh Tay Nguydn" i^ay 14 thdng ndm 2013 cho thiy khu vyc Tay Nguydn cd md Mnh quan ly rftng bin vflng; do, cdc dy an qudc te ho trg md Mnh, cdn lgi la cdc dia phuang chft dpng ttiln khai*^\ D6i vdi vftng Tdy Nguydn, cd thd ndi, vin dl ndng, Idm ttudng dugc coi Id nan gidi va gdy nen nMlu ttanh lu^n ttong thdi gian gin day Sau hon 10 ndm, kl tft Nghi quylt sd 28-NQ/TW cua Bg Chinh tri ngdy 26 thdng ndm 2003 va Nghi dinh sd 200/2004/ND-CP cfta Chmh phft ngdy thdng 12 ndm 2004 vd sdp xep, ddi mdi cdc ndng, ldm trudng qudc doanh, hau hdt cdc ndng, ldm trudng da dugc chuyin ddi thdnh cdc cdng ty trdch nMpm hihi hgn (TNHH) mgt thdnh vien nong, ldm ngMep, cdc cdng ty cd phdn hogc Ban Qudn Iy rung Den cudi nam 2012, tten dia ban Tay Nguydn co 58 cdng ty ndng ngM$p (ttong do, cd 41 cdng ty tryc thudc cac tdng cdng ty trung uong vd 17 cdng ty tryc thudc tinh), 59 cdng ty lam ngMpp vd 58 Ban Qudn ly rtmg (chua bao gdm cac vudn qudc giay***Nhin chung, dien tich dit cdc ndng, lam tnidng ndm gift Idn, nhung Mpu qud kinh td thdp Mgt s6 cdng ty ndng, lam nghipp da phan djnh ro nhiem vy sdn xudt, kinh doanh va nMdm vy cdng ich, ddi mdi co che qudn ly vd Mnh thftc td chftc, tgo quyen ty chft vd da dgng hda nguon vdn tgi doanh nghipp'^\ Tuy nMen, vl co ban, vipc chuyin doi sang md Mnh cde cdng ty ndng, lam ngMpp thyc *'* van ph6ng Chinh pha (2013), Thdng bdo Ket lugn dia Pho Thd tudng Chinh phU Hodng Trung Hdi tgi Hgi nghf Bdo vi vd phdt triin rimg cdc tinh Toy Nguyin, So 159/TB-VPCP ngky 11 thing nSm 2013,HaNpi,h-.2 **' Tnmg Thftnh Ngpc, Phirong Tuy6t, HCing Long Son ^14), S^x^ ddi mdi ho0dgngn&^ l&n tnidr^: (hidn ly ddt dta long leo, http://www.thiennhienjiet/ 2014/01 /oe/sap-xep-doi-moi-hoat-dong-nong-lamtruong-bM-I/, A9ian(iHng^6/''2014 (Tmy c$p ngiy 16/7/2014) COng cfl thl xem: Vu TuSn Anh (2014), "May vin dl vl dli mfli quin \^ nha nudc dli vfli dit dai o Tay Nguyen" Trong: Vi?n Hin ISm Khoa hpc xa hOi Vi?t Nam, Chuong trinh Tay Nguyen vk Ban Chi d^io TSy NguySn (2014), Ky yiu Hgi thdo "Phdt triin kinh ti - xd hgi ddc thit vimg Tdy Ngio>en: Nhiing vdn di cdt yiu vd gidi phdp ", Thinh ph6 Buon Ma Thupt, ngiy 25-26/4/2014, tr ll-9ti '^ va Dung Minh (2013), DM mm cdc ndng, ldm trudng qudc doarit, http://nhandan.com.vn/kinhte/tintuc/item/20250002-.html, ngiy 4/5/2013 (Tniy C9p ngiy 16/7/2014) 73 Tgp chiKhoa hgc xd hgi Viit Nam, sd 8(93) - 2015 chat van cM la "binh mdi rugu cu" NMdu md Mnh cdng ty TNHH mgt thdnh vien co ngudn gdc tft cdc ndng, Iam trudng van mang ti'nh Mnh thuc va hdnh chinh cao, chua tach bipt ro rang giua chftc ndng kinh te vdi chuc ndng hanh chinh; dd, chua tgo ddng lyc de cdc doanh ngMdp phat tridn va cd Mdu qua kinh td thuc sy Tinh trgng thua lo cua cac ndng, lam trudng qudc doanh khdng cdn Mdm d Tay Nguydn Ngodi ra, cdn tinh trang de hoang hda mpt dipn tich ldn ddt dai d nMeu cdng ty ndng, ldm ngMep kM nhieu ngudi ddn, d^c bipt la cac dan tgc tMeu sd, dang tMeu ddt sdn xuat cting khd phd bien Tinh trang vi phgm Lu^t Dat dai vd Lugt Bao vp va phat trien rimg van dien kha mgnh me d Tay Nguyen Ket Iuan cfta Phd Thft tudng CMnh phft Hodng Trung Hdi tgi Hpi nghi "Bao vp va phat tridn rtmg cdc tinh Tdy Nguydn" dd cM rd: "Tdy Nguyen van la vung ttgng fidm ve vi pham Luat Bao vp vd phat trien rftng, binh qudn hang ndm dd phdt Mpn dugc hdng chye nghin vy vi phgm; d m$t s6 ttpng dilm, tu dilm pha rftng ngMem trpng da Mnh dudng ddy pha rung cd hp thdng"**\ Tuong ty nhu vdy, theo tdi lipu cfta Bd Tdi nguyen vd Mdi trudng tham muu dl Chinh phft bao cdo Qu6c hgi tgi Ky hpp thft 5, Qudc hpi khda XIII, ddn thdng nam 2013 tgi cdc ndng Idm trudng, vudn qudc gia, khu bdo tdn tMdn nMen, tinh trgng vi phgm Lugt Dit dai dien het sftc ndng bdng vdi dipn tich cho thue, mugn, chuyin nhugng ttai phap lueit Idn den hon 14.600 dit; hon 78.000 bj ngudi dan lin cMlm, xdy ttanh chip chua dugc gidi quydt va hon 428.000 chua sft dyng hodc sft dyng vao myc dich khdc Mdc du sd lidu vl qudn ly dit tgi cac 74 ndng, lam trudng giiia cdc co quan chftc ndng chua ddng nhit nhui^ cd thd thay rd tinh trang phdn ldn cdc ndng, lam trudng Men sft dyng ddt kem Mpu qud Vi pham Ludt Ddt dai cdc ndng, lam trudng qud nMdu, keo ddi nhieu ndm nhung chdm giai quylt, nhat Id d khu vuc Tdy Nguydn va mien Ddng Nam B^ Vide cip giay chftng nhgn quydn sft dyng cho cac Iogi dit cfta cdc ndng, lam trudng chgm, gdy khd khdn cho qua trinh sdp xip, ddi mdi^ Tdc dpng cua su dyng dat dai den quan h$ ddn t$c d Tay Nguyen 3.1 Tdc d^ng tich cue Khdng thd phu nhgn nhung thdnh tyu to ldn ma vftng Tay Nguyen da dgt dugc ke tft sau giai phdng Cac chinh sach vl di ddn co kd hogch tft cudi nhthig ndm 1970 vd diu nhthig ndm 1980, sy ldp va phdt triln ram rg mpt logt cac ndng, lam trudng qudc doanh nhdm tang cudng mdt khdi lugng Idn ngudi dan di cu tft noi khac din (chft yeu la ngudi Kinh) va phat tridn kinh te Tay Nguyen da ldm thay ddi di^n mgo Tay Nguydn, tgo dgng Iyc phat triln dang kl cho vftng ddt Vdi chft truong phat trien cac ndng, ldm trudng va xay dung khu kinh tl mdi d Tay Nguydn, nMlu vftng dit tting, ddi nui ttgc da dugc cai tao vd phat triln nhflng khu vyc canh tac rpng Idn va tru phu Nen kinh tl tu cip ty tftc chuyin din sang kinh tl ndng, ldm cdng ngM^ mang tinh hang hda, ttong dd chft ttpng phat trien rugng nudc, cdc cdy cdng ngMpp ddi ngdy vd cac djch vy chd biln ndng san Dieu da tao dd cho sy phdt triln vftng *'•' v a n phflng Chinh phu (2013), Tldd, tr.2 *^ Trung Thdnh Ngpc, Phuong Tuyet, Hiing Long Son (2014), 77^rf Time trgng vd tdc ddng cda viic sir dgng ddt dot nguyen lipu rdng ldn vd nhilu chuoi gia tri ttong vftng nguydn lieu Ben cgnh dd, nhieu dan tpc thidu sd dd chuyin tft du canh, qudng canh sang djnh canh dinh cu va CO ddi sdng tuong doi dn dinh; vgy, tinh trgng du canh du cu cung gjdm hon so vdi trudc giai phdng Vipc ddy manh nhflng vftng chuydn canh va da canh, d|c biet Id vdi sy cd mat cfta cac dan tpc di cu (ndi trpi la ngudi Kinh - nhdm cu ddn di cu cd kl hogch den Tay Nguyen theo chft truong phdt triln kinh tl mdi cfta Chinh phu) dd giftp cho cdc cpng dong cu ddn thugc cdc dan tgc khdc c6 dieu kidn gan giii, trao dSi va hpc tgp kinh ngMem sdn xuit cfta Tinh thin doan kit v6n cd tft lau ddi cdng ddng cdc dan t$c Viet Nam mdt lin ntra (khdng cM ttong nhihig eupc each mang gidi phdng dit nudc) dugc thft thdch va thl Mpn thdng qua su cMa se, cho mugn dit sdn xuit (chft ylu la dit nuong ray, dit ludn canh bd hda) gifta nhthig nhdm ddn tdc tMlu sd tgi chd vdi mpt sd nhdm cu ddn di cu ty tft miln Bdc vao diu nhflng ndm 1990 (chft ylu Id ngudi Thai, Tay, Nftng vd mpt bp phgn ngudi Kinh) Ngugc Igi, nhihig dli tugng nhdn dugc sy giftp cfta cac cpng ddng cu ddn tgi chS d Tdy Nguyen cumg cMa se nhthig kinh ngMpm san xuit, nhftng ho trg true tilp thilt thyc hang ngdy cho nhftng ngudi dd ho ttg, cuu mang minh Thgm cW, d mgt sd dia phuang, thdng qua nhftng ho trg san xuat vd cupe sdng hang ngay, nhihig ngudi iy ngdy cang Mlu nhau, ttd ndn than tMet din mftc dd jrfiat triln moi quan hp lang gieng cua hp thdnh mli quan h§tiidnggia hodc kit nghTa anh em Chuong trinh dinh canh dinh cu vd m^t sd chinh sdch lidn quan den ddt d vd nha d cho i^udi n^ieo cfta Chinh phft tiidi gian qua (ddc bipt la Quydt dinh sd 132/2002C^/TTg, Quylt dinh sd 154/2002-C^/TTg, Quylt dinh sd 134/2004/C^-TTg vd Quylt dinh sd 167/2008/QE)-TTg cfta Thu tudng CMnh phft) dd thd Mdn tinh nhdn vdn sdu sac, giftp cho ddng bao ngheo cd nudc ndi chung vd cac tinh Tdy Nguyen ndi rieng CO nhd d dn djnh, tftng budc ndng cao mftc sdng, gdp phan dn dinh an sinh xa hpi^^\ M$t sd ndng, Idm trudng qudc doanh, mgt vdi don vi qudc phdng ddng qudn tren dia ban Tdy Nguyen da cd nhihig ddng gdp tMlt thuc cho sy phat tridn kinh te - xd hdi, doan ket dan tpc va an ninh chu quyen qudc gia Vdi nMpm vu chinh la gdp phin phdt triln kinh td - xa hpi khu vyc ndi chung vd phdt tridn kinh tl ciia don vi ndi ridng, nMlu ndng, Idm trudng da thu hftt, huy dpng vd tao cdng dn vipc Idm cho ddng ddo ddng bdo dan tgc tMeu s6; thdng qua do, tiing budc ndng cao ndng Iyc lam viec cho d0i ngu ndy Khdng cM chu trpng phdt triln sdn xuit (phdt ttiln vftng ca phe, hd tieu, cao su, Ifta nudc, xdy dung mpt so nha may chl biln ndng san, nhd may chl bien mft cao su, sdn xuat phdn bdn vi smh ), mgt sd ndng, Iam trudng qudc phdng (diln Mnh Id Bmh doan 15) cdn dn dinh va phdt triln khu dan cu bdng each tdng cudng xay dyng cdc co sd ting (dudng gjao thdng lidn thdn, lidn xa, h$ thdng ludi di^n cao thl,ti-gmbiln dp ddn cdc budn, lai^), h5 ttg '** Ph^m Thj Phuflfc An, Chinh sdch hd trg ngudi ngheo vi nhd a tgi cdc tinh Tdy Nguyen, http://chuongtrinh 135 vnAin-tuc-su-kien/hoat-dongcua-tning-uong/Chinh-sach-ho-tro-nguoi-ngheo-venhaKHai-cac-tinh-Tay-Nguyen_80_l766_2.aq)x (Tno' cfp ngiy 5/6/2014) 75 Tgp chi Khoa hgc xd hgi Viit Nam, sd 8(93) - 2015 vd phdt triln giao dye xay dung nMdu trudng tiiu hpc vd trung hpc co sd, nhd tre mlu gido, y tl xay dyng bdnh vidn va cac phdn vipn, trgm xd v.v.' ' 3.2 Tdc dpng tieu ctp: Mdi trudng Tay Nguyen bi dnh hudng ngMem trpng bdi su phdt tridn ram rp cua cdc ndng lam trudng qudc doanh vdo cudi nhftng nam 1970 vd ddu nhung nam 1980 NMIU canh rung ty nMen vdi sy da dgng smh hpc cao dd bi thay the bdi nhihig ddn diln trdng cay cdng ngMpp (cao su, ca phd, hdtieu,dilu ), cdc khu chd xudt vd tich trft hang hda Ben canh dd, tinh ttgng di cu ty van dang tilp tyc dien Tuy khdng phd biln vd trim trpng nhu 20 nam trudc, song tinh trang phd rftng van tiep dien d nhihig kbu vyc co nMeu ddng bao di cu tft miln Bdc vao Tay Nguyen, ddng chu y Id d nhftng khu vyc cd ddng ddng bao Hmdng di cu ty Ngoai ra, vipc quy hogch phdt triln thfty dien vd khai thac bauxit cd y ngMa kinh tl - xd hdi ldn nhung dd cd nhthig tac ddi^ tidu cyc den mdi trudng, tdi nguyen dit, rung, ngudn nudc va ddi sdng cfta ddng bdo cdc vung dy an Hp qud la rftng cfta Tdy Nguydn din da bi suy kipt ngMem trgng Tdng dien tich dat cd rung d Tay Nguyen cang gidm, bit c h ^ nhihig nd lyc trdng rftng va khdi phuc rftng cua chinh quyen vd nhan dan dja phuong Thdi gian gan day, dien tich rftng hi chdt phd da gidm nMeu so vdi trudc ddy nhung van cdn cao nhit tong sd vftng ca ntrdc, giam tu 1.008.900 (ndm 2005) xudng cdn 621.200 (ndm 20I2y"'l San lugng g5 khai thac d Tdy Nguyen dung thft vdi 309.300 m^ (ndm 2005) tdng len tiianh 620.300 m^ (ndm 2012) tdng so vftng cua cd nudc 76 xip sau cdc vftng: Bdc Tnmg Bd va Duyen hdi midn Tnmg, Trung du va mien nui pMa Bac, Ddng bdng sdng Cftu Long Trong do, sdn lugng go dugc khai thac d tinh Gia Lai Id Idn nhdt, dat 330.400 m^ (nam 2012), va dftng thu tdng sd 63 tinh thdnh ttong cd nudc, cM xdp sau tinh Bmh Djnh 332.600 m^ (ndm 2012)'"* Do vgy, tdng dipn tich rftng cfta Tay Nguyen cflng suy gidm nMlu, giam tft 3.868.400 ha, cMlm 70,66% tdng dipn tich ty nMdn (ndm 1980) xudng cdn 2.050.000 (ndm 2005)"^' va 1.772.744 (ddi vdi rung cd trft lugng), dat dp che phft tinh din ddu ndm 2013 chi cdn 32,4%''^' Riing bj thu hep vd suy gidm dd lam gidm ngudn song cfta ngudi ddn t$c tMeu sd NMdu ddn tpc tMdu sd tgi cho d Tdy Nguyen cd truyen thdng Idm nuong ray theo phuong thuc Iuan canh; hg cd t|lp qudn bd hoang hda dit ttong mdt thdi gian nhdt dinh dd phuc hoi dg mau cfta dit T|ip quan dugc tri deu dgn va phd bidn ddn sd chua tdi^ dp Iyc Ien ddt dai va ngudn dit van ddi dao Bdn cgnh do, hp cung khai thac cac san vat tft rijmg lam nguon sdng phy vd coi nhu la mpt ngudn thu n h ^ bd trg cho thu nhdp chinh tft sdn ' " N ^ y l n Xuan Sang (2006), "Binh doin 15 - Kinh tl ket hpp vfli quic phflng" Trong: Ban Chi d^o T ^ Nguyen vi Cflng ty Tu v ^ dio t^o vi Ph^ tii^ Dflng Duong, Toy Nguyen tren dudng phdt triin bin vitng, Nxb Ch&ih trj qu6c gia Hi N^i, tr.78 - 81 *"" Tflng cgc Thli^ kg (2013), Niin gidm thong ke 2012, Nxb Tiidng kS Hi NOi, lr.448 " " T6ng cyc Tb&g kfi (2013), Sdd, tr.443 - 444 (12) « j ^ Nguyfin - VOng dat giiu d?p cfia Ti quic", trot^: Ban Chi d90 Tay Nguyen vi Cflng ty Tu vln dio t90 vi Phit tri^n Dflng Duong (2006), Tdy Nguyen trin du^ phdt triin bin v&ng, Nxb Chili trj quoc ^a HiN$i tr.l8 -22 *'** van phflng Chinh phfi (2013), Tldd, tr2 Thgc trgng vd tdc ddng cda viec sir dung ddt dai xuat ndng ngMpp H i ^ nay, mdi trudng va dieu kipn song iy cfta ngudi ddn vl co ban dd bi phd vd phuang thftc vd dilu kipn sdng mdi cfta ddng bdo d nMlu noi chua dugc tgo ra, cftng cd va phat triln, dieu gay ndn nhung khoang ttdng vl vgt chit va tinh thin cho ddng bao Dit rftng vd dit ldm ngMfp hi thu hpp kM dat ndng ngM$p lai tang Ien; nhung, cd mpt ngh|ch I;^ la, ngudi dan, dgc bipt la ngudi ddn tgc tMlu sd, Iai tMlu dit canh tac Thyc M ^ CJuylt dinh sd 132/2002/QD-TTg ngdy tiidng 10 ndm 2002 cfta Thft tiidng Chmh phft vl v i ^ gidi quylt dit sdn xuit va dit d cho ddng bao dan t^c tMlu sd tgi cho d Tdy Nguydn tid cd tten 85.000 hp fliilu dit (gin 60% sd hO), cin phdi cip tten 50.000 ha''*' Din nay, m ^ dft Nhd nudc da cd nhthig chinh sdch d ^ thu, cd nhflng chinh sdch djnh canh djnh cu, nhdm cdi thi^n ddi sing va nhu cau vl dit cua ngudi ddn nhung tinh ttang tMlu dit van chua dugc gidi quyet tript dl dai Cu thd, viec td chftc khai thac vd bd tri dit chua hgp Iy; cdng tac cip dit, giao dit riing, ddt d nMeu noi cdn chdng cheo; vide xft Iy tranh chip, ldn cMlm dit khdng tript de Trong qua trinh giao dit, chua cd sy danh gid, kilm tra Men trang dit trdn thyc tien, hd so ddt tMdu chinh xac, ranh gidi sft dyng dat khdng ro rang Ngodi ra, dp lyc ciia dan di cu tu cimg gay nen tinh trgng tMeu dit vd pha vd kd hogch sft dyng dit cfta dia phuong Mgt nguydn nhdn khdc la Igi ich kinh te: thu nhgp tft ttdng mdt sd Iogi cay cdng ngMep cho thu nhdp cao (cao su, cd phe, hd tieu ) va gia dit tdng da dan den tinh ttang mua ban dit d at (ddc bipt Id giuB nhtmg ngudi di cu - chft ylu la ngudi Kinh - va nhftng ngudi dan tdc tMlu sd tai cho), xam canh vd chilm dit Ben cgnh do, cdng tac quan ly, sft dung dit cua cdc ldm trudng long leo, nMdu noi cdn ti^n giao khoan hodc de hoang Hon nfl^ cung phdi kd den su khdc bipt ve trinh dp phdt trien kinh te - xa hdi cfta cdc cu ddn Ddng lim "^ttinhtrang mdu thuin, ttanh ttong vftng, ve quan niem vd thdi quen sft chip, khilu ki^n keo dai vd dat dai dien dyng dit rftng va ddt sdn xuat cua hp Cudi khd biln d cdc tirdi Tdy Nguydn Cac cftng Id sy can tM^, kich d$ng, Ipi dyng Idi mdu thuin, ttanh chip dit d Tay Nguyen keo cfta cac thl Iyc thu dich ttong va ngodi thudng diln nhthig nhdm d6i tugng nudc cMnh sau: i) ndng, lam trudng va ngudi Sy thay ddi co cau sft dung dat d Tay ddn; ii) ngudi Kinh va ddn tdc tMdu sd tgi Nguyen, ddc bipt Id tft dau nhthig ndm cho; iii) dan tgc tMlu sd tai cho va dan tpc 2000, khdng cM ldm gidm chit lugng ddt tMlu s6 di cu din Tranh chap dat dai bdt (Iam dit bi xdi mdn, bgc mdu, cftng hda), hp nguon tft ba nguyen nhdn co bdn sau: 1) sy smh thai va da dgng sinh hpc, ma cdn Idm bit binh ddngtix)ngqudn Iy va sft dyng dit suy giam vd d nMem mgch nudc ngam Tai dai gifta cdng ty vd ngudi ddn, vd/ho^c giua nguyen nudc cfta vftng bi mat cdn ddi cdc doi tugng ngudi dan khac nhau; 2) hgu qud de Igi ciia cdc chuong trinh dy an trudc ://www.thiennhien.net/2014/01 /06/sap-xep-doi- xd hgi ddc thit vitng Toy Nguyin: Nhimg vdn di cotmoi-hoat-dong-nong-lam-truong-bai-1 /, yeuva gidi phdp", Thinh Bufln Ma Thupt, ngiy 25-26 thfing nam 2014 Nhm dm, ng^ Ihing nim 2014 (Truy cap ngiy 16 thing nam 2014) 79 ... din mftc dd jrfiat triln moi quan hp lang gieng cua hp thdnh mli quan h§tiidnggia hodc kit nghTa anh em Chuong trinh dinh canh dinh cu vd m^t sd chinh sdch lidn quan den ddt d vd nha d cho i^udi... dl lidn quan den dat dai van ludn Id vdn dl nhgy cam va phftc tgp khdng cM d Tdy Nguydn ma cdn d nMlu vung khdc trdn khdp cd nudc Rieng d Tay Nguyen, mdc dft dd dugc Chinh phft ddc bipt quan tam... sft dyng vao myc dich khdc Mdc du sd lidu vl qudn ly dit tgi cac 74 ndng, lam trudng giiia cdc co quan chftc ndng chua ddng nhit nhui^ cd thd thay rd tinh trang phdn ldn cdc ndng, lam trudng Men