Vai trò của quan hệ dân tộc và tầm quan trọng của việc xây dựng quan hệ dân tộc trong quá trình công nghiệp hóa, hiện đại hóa ở việt nam hiện nay

VAI TRO CUA QUAN HE DAN TOC VA TAM QUAN TRONG CUA VIEC XAY DUNG QUAN HE DAN TOC TRONG QUA TRINH CONG NGHIEP HOA, HIEN DAI HOA d VIET NAM HIEN NAY DINH THI HOANG P H I / O N G " Tom tat: Bai viet luan giai vai trd cua quan he dan tpc va tam quan trgng cua viic xay difng quan he dan tpc qua trinh cong nghiip hoa, hipn dai hoa d Viet Nam hien nay: ThU nh^t, xay difng quan hp dan tpc de tao cd hpi va diSu kiSn dS' cac dan tpc cUng hdp tac, phat trien vemgi mat, cUng thilc hipn thang ldi sil nghiep cong nghiep hoa, hien dai hoa; Thd hai, xay difng quan hS dan tpc de cac dan tpc ciing cd'sif hiiu bie't, tin tiidng, hgc hoi va giiip dd lan nhau, tranh gay mau thuin, cang thang dan de'n nguy cd xung dot, ly khai dan tpc, gay can trd qua trinh cong nghiep hda, hien dai hda Tii khoa: Vai tro cua quan he dan tpc; xay dilng quan hp dan tpc; cong nghiep hoa, hien dai hoa Abstract: This article discussed the role of interethnic relations in industrialization and modernization in Vietnam Firstly, building interethnic relations creates opportunities and conditions for cooperation, fostering industrialization and modernization Secondly, interethnic relations strengthen mutual understanding, sharing and support among ethnic communities, avoiding plausible ethnic conflicts which might hinder industrialization and modernization Keywords: Interethnic relation; role; build; industrialization; modernization Ngay nhan bai: 02/11/2019; Ngay siia bai: 05/12/2019; Ngay duyet dang bai: 15/01/2020 Dat va'n de Xa hdi loai ngfldi tdn tai vd phat trien theo nhflng quy luat khach quan va nhflng quy luat dd dflde bieu hien thdng qua hoat dpng ed y thflc cua ngfldi Trong dd, boat dpng va md'i quan he xa hdi cua eon ngfldi cd vai trd quyit dinh rd't ldn de'n stf phat trien eua lieh s^ xa hdi Trong mdt qud'e gia cd nhieu dan toe thi quan he dan tdc la mdt nhflng quan he xa hdi cd ban, cd vai trd quye't dinh den sfl tdn tai va phat trien qud'c gia Vi vay, viec xay dtfng quan hd gifla cae dan tdc la dieu ta't yeu khdch quan qua trinh phat trien cua qudc gia da tpc ngfldi Xua't phat tfl quan diem cua ehu nghia Mae - Lenin ve bao ve Td qud'c Viet Nam, eflng nhfl kinh nghiem xfl ly va'n de dan tdc va quan hd dan tdc tren the' gidi Dang va Nha nflde ludn coi vd'n de dan toe va xay dflng quan he dan tdc la mdt nhflng vd'n de ed tam quan trpng chien Iflpc cua each mang Vidt Nam Van kien Dai hdi dai bieu toan quoc lan thd XII ciia Dang Cdng san Vidt Nam da khlng dinh "Doan ke't cac dan tpc cd vi tri chien Ivtgc sd nghiep each mang nddc ta Tie'p tuc hoan thien cac cd che, chinh sach, bao dam cac dan tdc binh ding, tdn trgng, doan ke't, giai quyd't hai hda quan he gida cac dan tgc, giiip cung- phat trien kinh te, van hoa, xa hdi va'n d l d a n tpc va thflc t i l n xay dflng v a " ThS Khoa Ly luan Chmh tri, Trudng Dai hoc Da Lat Q] NHAN LUC KHOA Hpc XA HOI sd 3-2020 DINH THI HOANG PHUONG viing- cd dong ddng hao dan tdc thidu sd', nha't la cac vung Tay B&c, Tay Nguyen, Tiy Nam Bd, Tay duyen hai mien Trun^"'^\ Hien nay, nflde ta dang tien hanh cdng cuoc ddi mdi, thflc hien giai doan day manh qua trinh edng nghiep hda, hien dai hda dd't nfldc nhlm tao sfl chuyen bie'n ve chat tren ta't ea cac linh vtfe eua dpi sd'ng Day la mdt cude each mang ldn ma dd vai trd cua quan he dan tdc Id h i t sfle quan trpng eho sfl cdng cua sfl nghiep ddi mdi d nflde ta Chinh vi vay, viee nghien cflu, nhan thflc sau sic t i m quan trpng eua viee xay dflng quan he dan toe nhlm eung ed', tang efldng va phat huy hdn nfla sfle manh doan ke't eae dan toe, day manh tie'n trinh phat trien kinh te' - xa hpi, gifl vflng an ninh ehinh tri, trat tfl an toan xa hdi, hoan stf nghiep edng nghiep hda, hien dai hda Id mdt nhiem vu quan trpng va ra't cap thie't, cd y nghia vfla cd ban, vfla cd'p baeh ea ve ly luan va thflc tien Tha hai, hidu theo nghia qud'c gia dan tgc (nation), dan toe la mpt cdng ddng ngfldi dn dinh hdp thdnh nhan dan mdt nfldc, ed lanh thd qud'c gia, cd nen kinh t l thd'ng nha't, cd qud'e ngfl ehung va ed y thflc ve sfl thdng nhat qud'e gia cua minh, gan bd vdi bdi ldi ieh chinh tri, kinh te, truyen thd'ng van hda va truyen thd'ng dau tranh chung sud't qua trinh lieh stf lau dai dflng nfldc va gifl nfldc Theo nghia ndy ta cd dan tdc Viet Nam, dan tdc Trung Hoa, dan tdc Phap, Tren the' gidi hien ed khoang hdn 200 qud'e gia dan toe Hlu he't eae qud'e gia tren the' gidi hien la qud'e gia da dan tdc Trong bdi vie't nay, tac gia de cap dan toe theo nghia toe ngfldi (ethnic people), dflng de ehi 54 toe ngfldi thudc qud'e gia dan tpc Viet Nam Theo quan diem triet hpc Mac-xit, xa hdi loai ngfldi khdng phai la tdng edng eua nhflng ea nhan ddn le ma la edng ddng ngfldi dfldc gin kit vdi bdi nhflng quan he tren ta't ca cac linh vflc cua ddi Quan h.% d a n tgc va t a m quan sd'ng xa hdi Trong qua trinh san xua't cua viec xay dflng q u a n he d a n cua cai vat cha't, loai ngfldi da xac lap toe q u a t r i n h cong nghiep hoa, quan he vdi the gidi tfl nhien, xa hdi lodi ngfldi va tfl cua eon ngfldi Cae quan hien dai hoa of Viet Nam hi§n 2.1 Ve khai niem dan tgc va quan he he xa hdi dflde hinh tfl sfl tae ddng, tfldng tac qua lai cua eac chu the dan tdc Dan toe la mpt khai niem khoa hpc ma md'i quan he va biin doi theo diiu kien cho de'n van edn nhiiu tranh luan va hoan canh lich sfl Vi vay, quan hd xa hdi da cd nhieu each dinh nghia, each hieu vl cua eon ngfldi vd vung da dang, phong phfl khai niem Dfldi gdc dp chinh tri - xa va phflc tap nhfl: quan he giai ea'p, quan hdi, khai niem dan tpc cd the hieu theo hai he dan tdc, quan he tdn giao, Trong tac nghia: Thd nha't, hieu theo nghia tgc phdm Lu$n cifdng ve Phoidbac, Cae Mae ngitdi (ethnic), dan tpc la mdt cdng dong da khang dinh: "Ban chit cua ngddi tpc ngfldi cd ehung ngdn ngfl, lich stf - khong phai la cai trdu tddngcd'hau cua ca ngudn gdc, ddi sd'ng van hda va y thfle tfl nhan rieng biet Trong tinh hien thifc cua giac toe ngfldi Theo nghia nay, ta ed dan tdc Han, dan tdc Do Thai, dan tdc Kinh, Trdn t h i gidi hien cd khoang hdn 3000 "* Dang Cong san Viet Nam (2016), Van kipn Dai hgi dai hiiu toan quoc lin thd XII, Nxb Chinh t n quo'c dan toe, dd Viet Nam cd 54 dan toe; gia Ha Noi, tr.l64 S(f 3-2020 NHAN LUC KHOA HOC XA HOI Q| VAI TRO CUA QUAN HE DAN TQC VA TAM QUAN TRONG nd, ban chat cua ngddi la tdng hda nhdng quan he xa hdi'-^K Tren ed sd xae dinh khai niem dan tdc de cap bai viit hidu theo nghia tpc ngfldi; xua't phat tfl lap trfldng ehu nghia vat bien chflng va ch-u nghia vat lich s^ nghien eflu va'n de, khai niem quan he dan tpc dflpc hieu theo hai ca'p dp nhfl sau: Nghia hep, quan he dan toe la sfl tae ddng qua lai Iln nhau, anh hfldng nhau, rang bude nhau, gdp phan quy dinh sfl tdn tai va phat trien eiia giaa ngddi va ngddi ngi tai mot tpc ngadi dfldc xem xet tren td't ca eac khia canh eua ddi sd'ng: phfldng thflc sinh hoat kinh te, ngdn ngfl, phong tue tap quan, truyin thd'ng van hda, ; nghia rdng, quan he dan toe la sfl tac ddng qua lai Iln nhau, anh hfldng nhau, rang budc nhau, gdp phan quy dinh sfl tdn tai va phat trien cua gida cac tdc ngifdi mdt qud'c gia dan tdc, quan he dfldc the hien, ehi phd'i va rang budc bdi ldi ieh kinh te', ehinh tri, van hda, xa hdi thd'ng nhd't pham vi dpi sd'ng xa hdi cua mdt qud'c gia 2.2 Vai trd ciia quan he dan tdc qua trinh cdng nghiep hda, Men dai hda d Viet Nam hien Trong sfl nghiep cdng nghiep hda, hien dai hda dat nfldc hien nay, vai trd ciia quan he ddn tpc Id he't sfle to ldn va toan didn, cd the khai quat vai trd cua md'i quan he theo eae linh -vflc ed ban nhfl sau: Trong linh vifc kinh te' Cdng cude xay dflng va phat trien kinh te' da't nfldc ddi hdi phai huy ddng mpi ngudn lfle, khai thac mpi tilm nang, dd quan trpng nhd't la phat huy sfle manh tdng hpp ciia cdng ddng cac dan tpc Viet Nam Chi cd the phat huy dflpc sfle manh tdng hpp eua cpng ddng cae dan toe nflde ta ed quan he dodn kit, sfl lien hpp, sfl Q NHAN LUC KHOA HOC XAH giflp dd gifla ta't ca eae dan tdc vdi Trflde day, da't nflde bi xam lang, ddng bao cac dan toe da doan ket, gin bd bin chat eflng danh dudi be lu cfldp nflde Ngay nay, da't nfldc hda binh, thd'ng nhat nhflng cdn ngheo nan, lac hau; mdi ngfldi dan, mdi dan tdc tren da't nflde Viet Nam diu nhan tha'y rang mdt ea nhan, mdt dan tpc rieng le khong the thflc hien cdng sfl nghiep xay dflng va phat trien kinh te' da't nflde ma phai ed stf doan kit, hdp tac, tfldng trp gifla cac dan tdc anh em vdi nhau, cung pha'n da'u bin bi mdi dat dfldc Cd dflde sfl ddng thuan, doan kd't ciia cae dan toe mdi ed ndi lflc, cd sfle manh quan trpng thflc day manh me tie'n trinh, td'c dp va kd't qua eua edng cude xay dflng va phat trien nin kinh te' eua d^t nflde cung nhfl cua mdi dan toe Trong qua trinh cdng nghiep hda, hien dai hda dat nfldc hien nay, eae nganh cdng nghiep, ndng nghiep, giao thdng van tai, tai chinh, thfldng mai, dieh vu, mud'n boat dpng dfldc ddi hdi phai cd nhieu ye'u td' nhfl: ed sd vdt cha't, ngudn nguyen lieu, nhan lfle, vd'n, Sfl doan kd't, chung sfle, chung long, tfldng trd va giflp dd ldn gifla eac dan tpc vdi se tao dieu kien thuan ldi de huy ddng dfldc nhflng ye'u td' can thie't eho viee tri va phat trien san xua't cua eae nganh, tao dpng lflc tang trfldng nhanh, ben vflng cua cae ngdnh, cua eae •vung, miin va ciia ca nin kinh te' nfldc ta Trong linh vifc chinh tri Qua trinh lich sii Viet Nam da chflng minh mpt each rd rang quy luat dflng nfl6c phai di ddi vdi gifl nflde Cdc the he dng cha di trflde da doan kit, tfldng trd va giflp dd lan chien da'u va ehiln ® C.Mac va Ph.Angghen (1995), Toan tap, tap 3, Nxb Chinh tri quoc gia, Ha Noi, t r l l DINH THI HOANG PHLTONG thang ke thu sud't lieh stf dflng nflde va gifl nflde Ngay nay, qua trinh di len chu nghia xa hdi, da't nflde ta ddng thdi phai thflc hien ca hai nhiem vu ehiln lfl(3c la xay dflng va bao ve To qud'e Viet Nam xa hpi chii nghia Bao ve To qud'c la bao ve nhflng qua each mang va bao dam cho da't nflde ed dieu kien hda binh de xay dflng chii nghia xa hdi Sfle manh de bao ve To qud'e dd la sfle manh cd dflpc tfl sfl gin kit khang kbit, quan he doan kit vflng ben ta't ea cae dan toe Viet Nam anh em Stf nghiep bao ve vflng ehle To qud'c, dpc lap, chu quyIn, thd'ng nhat, toan ven lanh thd; bao ve Dang, nha nflde, nhan dan va che' dp xa hpi chu nghia; bao ve an ninh chinh tri, an ninh kinh te, an ninh tfl tfldng van hda va an ninh xa hdi; tri trat tfl, ky efldng, an toan xa hdi; gifl -vflng on dinh ehinh tri eua dd't nflde, ngdn ngfla, dly lui va lam tha't bai mpi am mflu, boat ddng ehd'ng pha eiia mpi ke thu chi ed the thfle hien thing ldi eae dan toe anh em doan kd't mdt long, sat canh ben Quan he doan ke't, tfldng trd, gan bd keo sdn gifla eac dan toe anh em dflde xay dflng va vun dip lich stf dflng nflde va gifl nflde eua dan tdc, gid day lai cang dflde nhan len sfl nghiep bao ve To qud'c xa hpi chii nghia Sfle manh cua quan he doan kit, gin bd, tfldng trd, giflp dd cua cac dan tdc la nhan td' quan trpng bao dam gifl vflng sfl on dinh ehinh tri, tao tien dl eung cd' va doi mdi he thd'ng chinh tri, lam tha't bai mpi am mflu pha hoai cua cac t h i lflc thfl dich nflde va qud'c te' Trong linh vdc van hoa, xa hdi Trong thdi dai nay, qud'e gia dflpc coi la phat trien phai la mdt qud'e gia khdng nhflng cd nen kinh t l phat trien cao ma phai ed mdt ddi sd'ng van hda tinh than phong phu va giau ban sic dan tpc Trong S6 3-2020 qua trinh edng nghiep hda, hien dai hda, Dang va Nha nfldc ta ludn coi van hda -vfla la mue tieu, vfla la ddng lfle thuc day sfl phat tridn kinh te - xa hdi Nhiem vu van hda giai doan hien da dfldc Dang Cdng san Viet Nam neu rd Van kien Dai hgi Dai bieu toan qud'c lan tha XII, dd la: "Xay ddng nen van hda va ngddi Viet Nam phat then toan dien, hadng de'n chan - thien - my, thim nhuin tinh thin dan tdc, nhan van, dan chu va khoa hgc van hoa thiic sd trd nen tang tin thin vdng chic cua xa hdi, la sdc manh ndi sinh quan trgng dam bao sif phat then ben vdng va bao ve vdng chic Td qud'c vi muc tieu "dan giau, nUdc manh, dan chu, cong bing, van minh'^^K De phd'n da'u xay dtfng mdt nin van hda Viet Nam tien tie'n, dam da ban sic dan toe, ddi hoi khdng chi cd sfl nd lfle eua tflng ea nhan ddn le ma phai la sfl doan ke't, gin bd, tdn trpng cflng phat trien ciia ca cdng dong eae dan tdc Viet Nam Trong dai gia dinh eae dan tdc Viet Nam, mdi dan tdc deu cd ban sic rieng ra't phong phfl phan anh truyen thd'ng lieh stf, ddi sd'ng tinh thin, niem ttf hao dan tdc blng nhflng ban sac ddc dao Nen van hda Viet Nam la nin van hda thd'ng nha't da dang Nam mfldi tfl (54) dan toe anh em, 54 sic thai van hda hda hdp vdi tao bfle tranh sinh dpng nhieu mau sic eua nen van hda Viet Nam Do vay, cac dan tdc nfldc ta phai ddng tinh, ddng sfle, ddng long thi mdi bao ve, gifl gin, khdng lam phai nhat va ma't di nhflng ban sic van hda eiia rieng dan tdc minh eung nhfl bao dam dflde tinh da dang va thd'ng nhd't cua nin van hda '•'> Dang Cong san Viet Nam (2016), Van kipn Dai hpi dai bieu toan quoc lan thif XII, Nxb Chinh tri quoc gia, HaNoi, tr.l26 NHAN LUC KHOA HOC XA HOI Q VAI TRO CUA QUAN HE DAN TQC VA TAM QUAN TRONG Vidt Nam Cdng ddng eae dan tdc Viet Nam ehenh Ieeh gifla cac dan toe, nang eao eha't chinh la ehii the sang tao, xay dflng va Ifldng eude sd'ng ta't ca eae dan toe nfldc ta phat trien nin van hda Viet Nam va mdt Viec giai quyit eae van de xa hdi bfle xue ddi sd'ng van hda lanh manh ehi dflde hinh nhfl: xda ddi, giam ngheo, nang cao dSn tfl sfle manh doan kit, tfldng trd, tri, giai quye't viee lam, dan so va ke' hoach giup dd cua cac vien sd'ng cdng hda gia dinh, bao ve va cham sde sfle ddng dd Mdi gia dinh, mdi khu dan efl, mdi khde, nha't la dd'i vdi ddng bao cac dan -vung miin ma cac dan toe Viet Nam sinh tpc thieu sd d nhflng vflng sau, -vflng xa, sd'ng doan kit, giflp dd xay dflng mpt vflng dac bidt khd khan se khdng thd thfle ddi sdng van hda lanh manh, van minh, hien dflde ne'u thieu sfl binh dang, dong lieh sfl, bao dam cho dan toe Viet Nam la tinh, ddng sfle, ddng long, tdn trpng va mdt qud'e gia giau manh ca vl vat chat Iln giup dd eua cac dan tpc anh em Sfl doan tinh than ke't, chung tay gdp sfle, tfldng trd eiia cae Trong cdng eude xay dflng va bao ve Td dan tdc la sfle manh to ldn dd dan toe Viet qud'c Viet Nam xa hpi ehu nghia, xuat Nam vfldt qua mpi khd khan, thach thflc, phat tfl thfle tiln lich stf ddi sd'ng gifla cde dam bao cho vide giai quyit cac va'n dl xa dan tdc Vidt Nam edn cd sfl chenh lech ve hdi bfle xue, thfle hidn tie'n bp va cdng trinh dp mpi mat, dae bidt la gifla dan tdc blng xa hdi Kinh vdi cae dan toe thieu so', Dang va 2.3 Tim quan trgng cua viec xay ddng Nha nflde ludn quan triet quan diem phai quan he dan tpc qua trinh cdng nghiep ke't hpp cae muc tieu kinh te' vdi eae mue hda, hien dai hda Viet Nam hien tieu xa hpi, thfle hien tie'n bd va edng blng Tha nhai, xay dtfng quan he dan tdc de xa hpi tflng bflde va tflng ehinh tao ed hdi va dieu kien de eae dan tpc cflng sach phat trien Trong Van kien Dai hpi hpp tdc, phat trien ve mpi mat, cflng Dai bieu toan qud'c Iln thfl XII, Dang ta thflc Men thang ldi sfl nghiep cdng nghiep da neu rd: "Trong xay difng va thifc hien hda, hien dai hda cac chinh sach phat then kinh te - xa hdi, Hien nay, ddi sd'ng ciia cae dan toe b quan tam thich dang den cac ting Idp, bd Viet Nam cdn ehenh Ieeh vl nhiiu mat ph$n ye'u the xa hdi, dong bao cac Day la mpt thfle te' anh hfldng ra't ldn den dan tpc thieu sd' d vung cao, vUng sau, quan he dan tdc Nhieu nam qua Dang va vung xa, khic phuc xu hddng gia tang Nha nflde ta da cd rat nhiiu chu trfldng, phan hda giau - ngheo, bao dam sfl dn ehinh saeh quan tam, hd trd nhlm khac dinh va phat then xa hgi ben vdng Thifc phue din dan sfl chenh lech ve nhieu mat hien cac giai phap, chinh sach va quan ly gifla cae dan tdc Tuy nhien, day Id mdt de khac phuc tOng bade sd mat can dd'i ve qua trinh pha'n da'u lau dai va ben bi Cac phat then dd'i vdi tdng linh vifc, tdng dan tdc d Viet Nam sfl quy dinh, chi vung, bao dam sd hai hda ca phat phd'i bdi diiu kien dia ly, hoan canh lich then, hifdng thu; Kip thdi xd ly va kiem stf khac nen trinh dp phat trien cac soat cac rui ro, mau thuan, xung dot xa hdi'^'^K Viec thtfe hien td't eac ehinh sach xa hpi la ma'u chd't de dam bao tie'n bd va '•" Dang Cong san Viet Nam (2016), Van kien Dai hoi edng bang xa hpi, giam dan khoang cdch dai bieu toan quo'c lan thif XII, Nxb Chinh tri quoc gia Ha Noi Q NHAN LUC KHOA HOC XA HOI SO 3-2020 DINH THI HOANG PHU'ONG mat cung khae Trong mdt qud'e gia da dan tpc, stf phat trien ciia mdi mdt dan tdc cflng anh hfldng, tac dpng va gdp phan vao qua trinh phat tridn ehung eua edng ddng eac dan tdc Vidt Nam Trong bd'i eanh mdi ciia dat nflde, qua trinh edng nghiep hda, hien dai hda dang dflpc day manh, xay dtfng quan he dan tdc de cac dan toe anh em ca nfldc ed cd hpi hdp tac va phat trien ve mpi mat la diiu tat ylu Quan he dan tpc dflpc xay dflng va eiing cd' tren nin tang eua sfl binh ding, doan ket, tdn trpng va giflp dd Iln qua trinh phat tridn thi eac dan tdc, dae biet la eae dan tpc thieu sd' cd the tie'n kip vdi dan tdc da so', vdi cac dan tpc thidu so'anh em khac O Viet Nam, nhiiu nguyen nhan khaeh quan va chu quan lich stf lam eho ddi sd'ng kinh te - xa hdi gifla eae dan tpc cd stf ehenh Ieeh Diiu gay ba't ldi viec xay dflng khd'i dai doan ke't dan tpc, nha't la md'i quan he dan tpc trd nen phflc tap va dl vfldt khdi pham vi dan tdc trd quan he qud'c gia va qud'e te bi cae t h i lflc thu dich ldi dung Chinh -vi vay, xay dflng quan hd dan toe de phat trien kinh t l - xa hpi, tflng bfldc cai thien va nang eao ddi sd'ng, tao cd hdi va diiu kien de cac dan tdc cung hdp tac, phat trien ve mpi mat, thu hep din khoang each phat trien gifla cac dan tdc la ta't yeu eua qua trinh edng nghiep hda, hien dai hda Xay dflng quan he dan tdc de tao cd hpi va dieu kidn de cac dan tdc eflng hdp tae, phat trien ve mpi mat de mdi mot dan tdc ed' gang vfldn len, ddng gdp vao cdng eudc xay dflng da't nflde Tfl do, khoang each chdnh lech gifla eae dan tdc giam din va tie'n kip vdi trinh dp phat trien chung eua ca nfldc Ddi sd'ng vl vat eha't va tinh t h i n ciia nhan dan cac dan tpc anh em cung dan dan dflpc nang len, bao dam dflde mue tieu tang trfldng kinh te va phat trien kinh te di ddi vdi thflc hien tiln bp va cdng bang xa hdi, gifl dflng dinh hfldng xa hpi nghia thdi ky cdng nghiep hda, hien dai hda da't nflde Tha hai, xdy dflng quan he dan toe de cae dan tdc cung ed' sfl hieu biet, tin tfldng, hpe hdi va giflp dd lan nhau, tranh gay mau thuln, eang thang din de'n nguy cd xung dot, ly khai dan tdc, gay can trd qua trinh edng nghiep hda, hien dai hda Va'n de dan tdc va quan he dan tdc thfldng ludn ehfla dtfng sfl nhay cam, phflc tap Tren the' gidi, tfl sau chie'n tranh the' gidi thfl hai de'n nay, cd rd't nhiiu eudc xung dot da xay ra, dd phan ldn deu hen quan de'n vd'n dl dan tdc va quan he dan tdc, gan liln vd'n dl dan toe vdi vaii dl tdn giao Trong nhiiu nam qua, tinh hinh xung dot dan tdc, tdn giao tid'p tuc cang thang tai nhieu khu vflc; Ddng Nam A (Phi-lip-pin, In-dd-ne-xi-a, Thai Lan, Mian-ma), Nam A (An Dp, Pa-kit-xtan, Apga-nit-xtan), Trung Ddng (Xi-ri, Ai Cap), Ble Phi (Tuy-ni-di, Li~bi) Cac cuoc xung dot dan tdc thfldng rat phflc tap, keo dai va khd giai quye't, de lai nhflng hau qua rat nang ne, tham ehi bie'n nhflng eudc ndi ehiln keo dai Dieu nguy hiem cua nhflng xung dot dan tpc len tdi dinh diem ehinh la nguy cd tan va ly khai dan tdc Day la md'i quan ngai ldn cua mdi mpt qud'c gia dan tdc the gidi Nguyen nhan eua nhflng cuoc xung dot, mau thuln thfldng bit ngudn tfl sfl ba't ddng, cang thing, xieh mieh, va cham quan he dan tpc dd'i vdi eac idi ich ve kinh tl, van hda, tin ngfldng tdn gido, Viet Nam la mdt qud'c gia cd dien tich nhd nhflng lai cd dan sd ddng vdi 54 dan tdc sinh sd'ng Tinh hinh dan tdc tren t h i NHAN LUC KHOA HOC XA HOI Q VAI TRO CUA QUAN HE DAN TOC VA TAM QUAN TRONG gidi hien n a y la b a i hpe k i n h n g h i e m s a u sac de Viet N a m xtf ly h a i hda md'i q u a n h e d a n tdc t r o n g qud t r i n h p h a t trien da't nflde Trong sud't chieu dai lich stf d a n tdc, cdc d a n tdc d Viet N a m d a doan ke't, e h u n g sfle, chung long d a n h duoi ngoai x a m , gifl gin ddc lap d a n tdc, bao ve sfl b i n h yen eho Td qud'c Q u a n h e gifla cdc d a n tdc a n h e m dflde xay dtfng va e-ung ed' sud't q u a t r i n h dflng nfldc va gifl nfldc Ngay nay, t r o n g c h a n g dfldng mdi xay dflng chii nghia xa hdi, cung vdi sfl b i i n ddi cua thflc tien, q u a n h e gifla cae d a n tpc cang phai dfldc q u a n t a m v a xtf ly h a i hda hdn nfla Qua t r i n h cdng nghiep hda, hien dai hda l a m n a y sinh nhflng d i i u kien mdi a n h hfldng, tac ddng de'n md'i q u a n h e dan tpc theo nhieu chieu, n h i i u hfldng khae n h a u Khi xu the' dpc lap, tfl chu d a n tdc cang dflde k h a n g (hnh, eac d a n toe vfla tfl vfldn len k h a n g (hnh minh, vfla hda n h a p , thd'ng nha't chung vdi cpng ddng cac d a n tpc Dieu ndy cung l a m cho y thfle tdc ngfldi eua mdi dan toe dflpc eung cd' m a n h me hdn \ ^ vay, nhflng ehinh saeh lien q u a n de'n va'n d l dan toe va q u a n h e d a n toe ne'u khdng dfldc thflc hien kheo leo va giai quye't thda dang cung de gay m a u t h u d n , xung dot Cung vdi qua t r i n h p h a t trien, chie'n Iflpc ddu tfl mpi m a t cdn ed t h e ehfla hdp ly gifla eac vung m i i n , gifla cdc dan tpc lam eho eac d a n tdc ed t a m ly bd't an, lo ngai bi ddng hda, efldng bflc Do dd, hp cd the se m a n g tfl tfldng dan tpc h e p hdi, cd' cha'p, ba't hdp tac de bao dam q u y I n ldi eiia minh; xa h d n la n a y sinh y mud'n ehd'ng lai chii trfldng, ehinh sach eiia D a n g vd N h a nfldc Tfl thfle tien t i n h hinh xung dot dan toe d nhieu qud'e gia t r e n the' gidi, day la nhflng bai hpc kinh nghiem quy gid cho Viet N a m -viec giai quyet va'n d l d a n tdc va q u a n h e dan tpc Vi vay, qua Q NHAN LUC KHOA HOC XA HOI t r i n h edng nghiep hda, hien dai h d a dat nflde hien nay, xay dtfng q u a n h e d a n toe de tao sfl hidu biet, t i n tfldng tfldng Iln n h a u , t r a n h gay m a u t h u a n , cang thang d a n den nguy cd xung dot H e qua nguy h i e m eua nhflng x u n g dot d a n tdc d a n de'n sfl bd't dn ve chinh tri, gay r a chia re, ly k h a i d a n toe Nhiing nam qua, t i n h h i n h d a n tdc d Viet N a m dien bien k h a phflc t a p , d a cd luc xay r a "diem ndng", mdu t h u l n d k h u vflc cd n h i i u dan tdc t h i e u sd' efl trfl (Tay B i c , Tay Nguyen va Tay N a m Bd) D a y la da'u hieu cho tha'y n l u k h d n g chu y xay dflng td't va xtf ly hai h d a md'i q u a n h e d a n tpc se t i e m dn n h i i u h i e m hpa k h d n Ifldng C u n g e I n n h i n nhan r i n g D a n g va N h a nflde ta qua t r i n h thflc hien va giai quye't eae van de d a n tdc va q u a n h e d a n tdc da d l y Ifli va n g a n e h a n dfldc nhflng "diem ndng" Tuy nhien, c h a n g dfldng phia trflde cdn nhieu khd k h a n va gian khd, q u a n h e d a n tdc dn dinh, lanh m a n h mdi cd d i i u kidn thuan ldi de p h a t t r i e n k i n h te' - xa hdi Vi vay, xay dflng q u a n h e d a n toe de eung ed' stf h i e u bid't, t i n tfldng ldn n h a u , t r a n h gay m a u t h u a n , cang t h a n g d a n d i n nguy cd x u n g dot, ly k h a i d a n tdc la ta't yd'u Mau t h u a n , x u n g dot gifla eac d a n toe cdng t a n g se trd t h a n h n h a n to' gay ma't on dinh va l a m a n h hfldng dd'n q u a t r i n h thtfc hien cdng nghiep hda, hien dai hda da't nflde Xay dflng q u a n h e d a n toe de cac d a n toe gia t a n g sfl hieu bie't lan n h a u , hpc hdi va giup dd lan n h a u t r o n g q u a trinh p h a t trien Xay dflng q u a n h e d a n tdc d§ nhflng m a u t h u d n , x u n g dot d a n tdc se dflde t h a y t h e b l n g sfl d o a n k i t , tdn trpng, yeu thfldng va t i n tfldng l a n nhau, cung n h a u hfldng v l m u c t i e u p h a t trien c h u n g cua qudc gia Q u a n h e ddn toe dn dinh, l a n h m a n h t r e n ed sd eua sfl doan SO 3-2020 DINH THI HOANG PHUONG kit, yeu thfldng, tdn trpng va hd trd Iln thi nhflng mau thuln, hiem khieh gifla cac dan tdc se dflpc giai tda, khdng din den cang thing, xung dot Tren nen tang cua sfl hieu bilt, tin tfldng va tdn trpng lan cac dan tdc se cd niem tin phat huy sfle manh npi tai ciia mdi dan toe, phd'i hdp nhip nhang cflng vdi eac dan tpc anh em khac cung tiln len Va chinh sfl hieu bie't, tin tfldng Iln gifla cac dan tpc anh em se loai trfl va xda bd nguy ed chia re, phan ly dan tdc Sfl hidu bid't, tin tfldng ldn gifla eae dan tpc anh em la mdt nhflng diiu kien tien quyet de phat huy sfle manh cua mdi mpt dan tpc cflng nhfl ea edng ddng dan tdc Viet Nam, la dpng lfle to ldn giflp Viet Nam vfldt qua nhflng khd khan, thach thflc qua trinh xay dflng da't nflde theo hfldng edng nghiep hda, hien dai hda hien K i t luan Cdng cude doi mdi Dang Cdng san Viet Nam khdi xfldng va lanh dao tfl nam 1986 eho de'n da va dang gianh dflpe nhieu thing ldi ve vang Nhflng tflu hdn ba mfldi nam qua ra't to ldn va la ket qua cd dflpc trflde he't va chu ylu nhd vao sfle manh quan he gifla cac dan toe Viet Nam anh em Ngay nay, tilp tue sfl nghiep mdi eua dd't nfldc, pha'n da'u -vi ddi sd'ng vat cha't va tinh thin cua 54 dan tdc anh em eang no du, phdn -vinh va phat trien Cac dan tdc Viet Nam phai the hien va phat huy hdn nfla quan he doan kit, tdn trpng va giup dd lan bie'n nd sfle manh vfldt qua mpi khd khan, thach thfle sdm hoan mue tieu cdng nghiep hda, hien dai hda dd't nflde Trong chang dfldng mdi eua sfl nghidp xay dflng chu nghia xa hdi, cflng vdi nhiiu biin ddi cua hoan eanh thfle tiln, tam quan trpng sd 3-2020 cua viec xay dflng quan he dan tdc dieu kien mdi lai eang dfldc the hien rd net, anh hfldng to ldn din td'c dp, tiln trinh va kit qua cua stf nghiep edng nghiep hda, hien dai hda Xay dflng quan he dan tpc de tao cd hdi va dieu kien de cac dan tpc tinh eflng hdp tae, phat trien vl mpi mat, eflng thflc hien thing ldi sfl nghiep edng nghiep hda, hien dai hda Xay dflng quan he dan tdc de cac dan toe tinh eung ed' sfl hieu biet, tin tfldng, hpc hdi va giup dd lan nhau, tranh gay mau thuln, eang thang dan de'n nguy cd xung dot, ly khai dan tdc, gay can trd qua trinh cdng nghiep hda, hien dai hda dat nfldc TAI LIEU THAM KHAO C.Mae va Ph.Angghen (1995), Toan tap, tap 3, Nxb Chinh tri qud'c gia, Ha Ndi Phan Hflu Dat (chu bien, 2001), May van de ly luan va thdc tien cap bach Hen quan de'n md'i quan he dan tdc hien nay, Nxb Chinh tri qud'c gia Ha Npi Dang Cdng san Viet Nam (2011), Cddng Iinh xay ddng da't nifdc thdi ky qua len chU nghia xa hdi (bdsung va phat trien nam 2011), Nxb Chinh tri qud'e gia, Ha Ndi Dang Cdng san Viet Nam (2016), Van kien Dai hdi dai bieu toan qud'c lan thd XII, Nxb Chinh tri qud'c gia Ha Ndi Phan Van Hung (ehu bien, 2015), Mot so'van de mdi quan he dan tpc va chinh sach dan tpc d nddc ta hien nay, Nxb Chinh tri qud'c gia - Sfl that Ha Ndi Dau Tua'n Nam (chu bien, 2010), Van de dan tpc va quan he dan tdc Viet nam Men nay, Nxb Chinh tri qud'c gia, Ha Ndi TrIn Quang Nhilp (1997), Phat trien quan he dan tdc d Viet Nam Men nay, Nxb van hda dan tdc Ha Ndi NHAN LUC KHOA HOC XA HOI Q ... hda d Viet Nam hien Trong sfl nghiep cdng nghiep hda, hien dai hda dat nfldc hien nay, vai trd ciia quan he ddn tpc Id he't sfle to ldn va toan didn, cd the khai quat vai trd cua md'i quan he theo... toe, dd Viet Nam cd 54 dan toe; gia Ha Noi, tr.l64 S(f 3-2020 NHAN LUC KHOA HOC XA HOI Q| VAI TRO CUA QUAN HE DAN TQC VA TAM QUAN TRONG nd, ban chat cua ngddi la tdng hda nhdng quan he xa hdi'-^K... san Viet Nam (2016), Van kipn Dai hpi dai bieu toan quoc lan thif XII, Nxb Chinh tri quoc gia, HaNoi, tr.l26 NHAN LUC KHOA HOC XA HOI Q VAI TRO CUA QUAN HE DAN TQC VA TAM QUAN TRONG Vidt Nam Cdng