Xah$ihocs6 4(128),2014 11 PHAN TANG XA HOI HOP THU'C TlT SU TONG TICH HOP CAC LY THUYET XA HOI HOC PHU'ONG TAY VA MOT SO GOI MO VE CONG BANG XA HOI NGUYEN DINH TAN* Tir tong - tich hop cdc ly thuyet ve phan tang xa hpi den vifc dira nhirng kien giai mdi ve "phan tang xa hpi hprp thirc" va "khong hprp thirc" Trong lich sir xa hpi hpc da timg tfin tai each kiln giai khae vl phan ting x3 hpi (PTXH): edeh kien giai cua nhimg ngudi theo thuylt chiic nang, nhung ngudi theo thuyet xung dpt va nhihig ngudi theo thuylt dung hoa Nhthig ngudi theo thuylt ehiie nang eho ring phan tang xa hOi vd bit binh ding xd hpi la nhihig hipn tupng phd bien, tat yeu khong the trdnh khfii xa hpi loai ngudi Hien tupng tfin tgi qud khir va se eon tiep tuc tfin tai nhu mpt net nfii bat xa hpi hipn dgi tuong lai Theo hp, phan tang xd hpi va bat binh ding xa hpi thyc hien mpt chiic nang can thiet va tich cue xd hpi Hai dai bieu ciia thuylt chirc nSng la Davis vd Moore cho rdng "sy bat binh dang xd hpi la mfit di san ma nhd vdo xa h^i bdo dam nhiing dja vi quan trpng nhat phai nhihig ngudi cd tdi ndng nhdt dam nhi?m mpt cdch cd y thiic Tir dd moi mfit xa hfii bdt ke dan gidn hay phirc tap, phai khiln cho eon ngufii khae biet ve mdt uy tin va tin nhipm, dd ma phai cd mpt sfi bat binh dang dupe thiet ehe hda" Vdi tu cdch la mfit co che van dflng, mpt xS hfii nhu the ndo dd phdi phan efing nhung thdnh vien eiia minh vao ede dia vi xd hpi va khien hp thyc hi?n nhung bfin phdn d cde dia vi Vgy thi mpt cdch khflng trdnh khfii, mpt xd hfii phai cd each ndo de phan phfli nhung phan thudng khae tiiy theo dia vi Nhiing phin thuong va sy phdn phfii chung trd mpt bp phdn ciia trat ty xd hpi va nhu vgy ldm nfii len sy phan tang" (Bilton va cdc cpng su, 1993) Theo quan niem nay, phan ting xa hpi va bit binh dang xa hpi cd tinh chiic nang, nd la tich eye vd khfing trdnh khdi eac ehe dfi xa hpi loai ngudi Cd thi tdm tit nhiing y tuong ehinh eua cdc kien gidi nhu sau: Trong xa hpi cd mpt sfi dia vj xet ve mat chirc nang la quan trpng hon nhiing dja vi khde Dd la nhiing dja vi then ehfit xa hpi va de ddm nhiem nhirng nhiem vy phai ed nhihig ngudi cd nhiing tai nang va ky ndng dae biet phii hpp Khfing phdi bat cir xa hfii ciing diu cd tai ndng hay ky nang dae bi?t dl ddm nhipm nhihig vj thi, vai tro nhat dinh xd hpi ' GS TS, Hgc vifn Chinh trj Quoc gia Ho Chi Mink 12 Phdn tdngxa hoi hap thic tusvlong lich hap cdc DS CO nhung ky nang dac biet do, ngucri ta phai trai qua nhihig khoi h