TS Phucmg Oanh Tiip edn til edc thuyet viphdn tang TIEP CAN CAC THUYET VE PHAN T A N G XA H O I VA QUAN DIEM VE PHAN T A N G XA BQl HQfP THU'C, K H N G HOP THU'C Td Phuang Oanh* Z rong lich sU xa hdi hge da tung tdn tgi nhiiu trudng phdi ly thuyit viphdn tdng xa hgi Trgng bai viit tde gid di cap din ly thuyit chiic nang, ly thuyit xung dgt cua cde nhd xd hgi hge phucmg Tdy bdn vi phdn tdng xd hdi va quan niim vi phdn tdng hgp thuc vd bdt hgp thiic d Viit Nam Nghiin eiht cdch kien gidi theo edc thuyit di tit ehi tinh hgp ly, hgp thic eiia phdn tang xS hfl ddng thdi nhin nhgn vd khde phue nhiing mat chua hgp ly, bdt hgp thiic cua phdn tdng xd hgi Khing dinh phdn tdng xd hgi, bdt binh ddng Id tdt yiu vd tdn tgi lau tidi siiphdt triin cua lich sir lodi ngudi T i khda; Phdn ting xa hfi, bit bmh ding xd hfi, hpp thuc, bit hpp thic Phdn ting xd hdi Id mdt khdi nifm dupe nhilu nhd xd hdi hpc quan tdm nghiSn ciu Din nay, frai qua nhung biln doi cia tiidi gian, phdn ting xa hdi vdn cd nhiing ttanh ludn vd kiln gidi khac theo cdc trudng phdi nhit djnh Thuyet chirc nang vl phdn tang xa hfi Cdc nhd xd hpi hpc theo thuylt chic ndng khdng dinh, phdn ting xd hfi vd bit binh ddng xd hfi la mdt hifn tupng biln, sy tin tai tit ylu vd khdng till ttdnh khdi hong xd hpi lodi ngudi Phdn ting xd hfi da diSn hong qua va sS tilp tyc bilu •Hoc vi^n Chinh trj quoc gia Hi Chi Minh 56 hifn nhu mft net nli b^t ttong xd hSi duong d?i va tuong lai Nhttng nhd xd hpi hpc tin tuli gin liln vdi tiiuylt ndy Id: Comte, Spence, Durkhemi, Parsons, Merton, Davis, Moore v l mjt thudt ngtt, chi thuylt chic nang cdn dupe gpi la thuylt chic ndng cau trie hay thuylt ciu trie - chuc ndng Md hinh ciu trie chic ndng dya ttSn quan dilm xem xa hpi nhu mft hf thing glm niiiSu bf phdn khac cing tdc dfng dl t?o tinh In djnh tuang dli Thuylt chic ndng cho ring, xa hfi ciu hue xd hpi ciu thdnh, dupe xdc dinh nhu nhihig mdu hdnh vi xd hpi tuong doi In djnh Cdc ciu trie xa hfi quan hpng nhit Id nhOng bf NghiSn ciu An Dp va Chdu A So 3-2017 phdn chinh, cdc tiiilt chl ttong xd hfi nhu gia dinh, tdn giao, chinh ttj vd he thing kmh tl MSi thdnh phdn ciu true xa hfi dupe hilu theo nghia chic ndng xa hdi, quy vao kit qua boat ddng nhu mot ting thi Vi mdi bf phdn ttong xa hfi cd mpt hay nhilu chic nang quan ttpng cin thilt cho xa hfi tin tai dl tti tinh bin vttng cia xa hfi toan hf thing xd hpi Parsons tm tudng ring ttjt tu xa hpi dupe xSy dyng ttSn cac gid ttj md cdc viSn xa hfi cing chia se Hf thing cac gid trj phd biln djnh hinh bdi cac thilt chl dupe nhdn manh ban diu ttong xd hdi Nhihig ngudi cd cdc gid ttj cao nhdt se nhdn dupe dja vi cao, su uu dai khac vl thu nhap, dac lpi khde Thuylt chic ning mft phin bit ngudn t i quan diem cia nhd thyc ching luan, ngudi tao ngdnh xa hfi hpc ngudi Phdp August Comte va dupe nha xd hdi hpc ngudi Anh Spenser phat triln vd diy m ^ cdch tilp can ly thuylt ndy Ddy Id mft ly thuySt ve phdn tang xa hpi dupe chap nhan rpng rai cudi till ky XIX diu XX Nhttng ngudi theo thuySt chic ndng coi ly thuySt cia hp nhu mdt phin cia quy ludt ty nhiSn: nhttng ngudi gidu la hp cd trinh-df, kiln thic, ky ndng hay nhttng khd ndng sdn cd nSn hp xing ddng dupe gitt, dupe thy hudng nhihig tdi sdn cia hp Ngupe 1^, ^ nhung ngudi ngheo khdng cd dupe nhiing ' dilu kifn va kha ndng nhu vdy nSn ddng ^ phdi sing ngheo khd Kingsley Davis vd Wibert E Moore (1945) cho rdng "su bdt binh ddng xa hdi la mgt di sdn md nhd vao xd hgi bdo dam nhung dia vi quan trgng nhdt phai nhung nguoi cd tdi nang nhdt ddm nhiim mdt edeh cd y thue Tit dd, mdi xa hdi bdt ki nd dem gidn hay phiie tgp phai khiin cho eon ngudi khac biit vimgtuy tin vd tin nhi^m, do md phdi cd mgt sd bdt binh ddng dugc thiit chi hda"' Vdi tu cdch Id mft co chl vdn ddng, mdt xa hpi nhu thd ndo dd piiai phdn phii nhimg thdnh viSn cia minh vdo cdc dja vj xa hdi va khiln hp thuc liifn nhihig bdn phdn d cdc dja vi dd V|ly thi mft each khdng ttanh khdi, mpt xa hfi phdi cd cdch ndo dS phdn phii nhttng phin thudng khac tiy theo dja vj, nhifaig phin thudng vd su phan phoi chimg ttd thdnh mpt bd phdn cua ttdt ty xa hfi va nhu vdy ldm ndi ISn sy phdn ting ' S i !' i i i i 'Theo Parsons, phan ting xd hfi Id sy bdt bmh ddng xa hfi vd cin thilt dl tao sy khich If cho nhiing ngudi se phdi ddm nhifm nhimg chic nang hay ttpng trdeh khd khan cia xa hfi Theo ong, phdn ting xd hfi Id ddng mong udc vi nd cho phep hS thdng xa hpi vdn hdnh dupe buih thudng Parsons nhin xd hfi tuang ty nhu co thi ngudi vdi nhilu bf phdn hpp thdnh Gidng nhu cdc bp phdn cia co thi, cdc thilt chl ttong xa hfi phdi thyc hifn chic ndng mot cdch chinh xdc dl hi su In djnh ehung cia Su bit binh ddng la mft tinh tit ylu ttong sy tdn tai cia thdi cudc, duong nhidn vdi moi cd nhan xing ddng hay mdt nhdm Tonny Bilton, Kenvin Bonnett, Philip Jones, Michelle Stanworth, Ken Sheard vd Andrew Webster; Nhdp mdn Xa hdi hoc, Nxb Khoa hoc xd hii, Hd NOi, I993,tr.61 57 To Phucmg Oanh Tiip cgn tic edc thuyit viphdn tdng ngudi ndo dd cd ndng lyc se phdi nh|n dupe mdt vj tti phi hpp theo tti tuf, tdi ndng, die df cia hp vd v^y se cd sy phdn cip ro rft vdi nhChig ting bdc khde Ro rdng ttong xd hfi sS phSn cip nhttng vi tti thich hpp cho nhttng ngudi thich hpp Cd nhttng vj tri ddi hdi sy clng hiln va khd ndng tiiich ing va tuong tdc cao, l?ii cdng cd nhiing vj tti cd su ddi hdi nh? nhdng, don gidn horn Vd nhiing ngudi chilm gitt nhttng vi tti dJc bift ddi hdi phdi dupe huin luyfn, bii dudng vd tham gia phat ttiln khong ngimg dl cd nhiing ndng lyc vupt frpi xipg ddng vdi vj tti ddm nhdn Va xd hdi duong nhiSn phdi chip nhdn, phdt huy vd xdy dyng hf thong phan thudng xing ddng vdi cdng sic vd sy dau tu cia cd nhdn hay nhdm xa hpi dd m ^ chic ndng cia phdn ting vd chi y din tt^ng thdi tiiang bdng, din nhttng co cdu hem Id nhiing chuyin bien Vdi each gidi thich nhu vdy, ly thuylt ndy dupe coi Id ly thuylt hpp thic hod va bdo vf su phdn ting va bit binh ding ttong xd hpi Do vay, thuylt chic ndng da khong chi y din hdu qud, dSn mdt ttdi tieu cyc cia sy phdn ting xd hfi Hp da xem nhp nhiing ttanh chip, bit In bat nguIn t i sy mit cdn bdng gdn liSn vdi cdc giai tang ttong xd hfi, diSu dd khiln thuylt chic ndng bfc If sy philn difn, chua phdn anh dupe phdn ting xd hfi mft cdch day du Thuyet xung dft viphdn ting xa hfi Thuylt xung dot idling djnh ring phdn ting xd hfi liSn quan trye tilp tdi bit btoh ddng giai cap Do su mau thudn, xung dft, NhQng quan dilm cia thuylt chic ndng ttanh gidnh quyln thing ttj giOa cdc giai da thong tri nen xa hfi hpc My sudt nia cip md smh bit binh ddng vd phan ting diu till ky XX, sau dd nd bi nhilu nha xd xd hfi NhOng tac gid nli b$t theo thuylt hfi hpc phS phdn vi hp cho ring khdng thi ndy cd till kl tdi Id Srnimel, Pareto, tinh dupe tim quan ttpng vl chic ndng cia Michels, Velblen, Park, Mills, Haberrmas, cac vj hi ttong xd hfi mpt cdch khdeh quan Horkheuner, Dahrendorf Theo thuyet Cdng khdng till tinh dupe sy IStiiufc phi nay, bit binh ding va phdn ting xa hfi tdn biln cia sy khde bift vl quyln lyc, uy tul tai phin Idn ddi sing xa hpi cia vdo sy bit binh ding ttong kinh te da dupe ngudi ndm ttong nhiing mli quan hf quyen thilt chl hda vl miit phap ludt Nhiing thi luc da dupe thilt chl hda vd ngudi bj quyln lyc, uy tin chi cd thi cd dupe phu thudc ttong dd Nhung nhdm xd hfi tiidng qua hoat dfng huin luyfn, dao tao dupe uu dai, chilm uu thi cd khd ndng giir ma chi d nhiing ngudi gidu mdi cd du tiln mpt hf thing cdc gid ttj vd dja vi thing tri b^c dl chi phi va Hnh hfi Cd till thiy, dl tti CO ciu xa hpi cd lpi cho hp Id nhttng ngudi theo thuylt ndy cd nhttag han bit bmh ding vdi cdc giai cip khde che nhat djnh chi dya vao tilu chi gid Nhfing ngudi theo thuylt xung dft chu tri dia vj xd hfi, gjt bd nhOng ylu td khde nhu kinh tl, chhih ttj, vdn hda ttong qud ylu dya vdo ylu t l chinh tri dl phdn tich vl hmh phdn ting xd hfi Hp tiiudng nhin phdn ting xd hfi Theo thuylt ndy da nhto 58 NghiSn ciu An Dp vd Chdu A SS 3-2017 nhdn va phan tich sy bit binh ding ndy sinh sy phdn phii khdng ding diu cdc ngudn lpi, da t$p tnmg cho nhiing nhdm cd dilu kifn uu ttdi hon, hp da phdt trien Ip cdng dupe phdt triln, ttong dd nhdm ylu the hon it dupe diu tu, nlidn dupe nhimg quyln lpi han chl l?i c i bi thu hep vi khd phat huy hit dupe ndng lyc md ddng nlu dupe khai thdc vd ddu tu phi hpp se cd nhilu co hfi ddm nhan nhOng vj tti xing ddng Chinh sy thilt chS vd tti sy bit bhih ding dd tao nSn sy phdn cdch rit ldn giOa ngudi gidu vd ngudi ngheo, t^o khodng cdch ngdy mpt Idiic nghift khien ngudi ngheo khd cd thS phdt huy hit nang l i ^ v a vd hmh ehung xd hpi da bd qua ngudn luc doi ddo vd ddng gid cip, cdch mang xa hfi nhim xda bd nhiing mau tiiudn, xung dft ttong quan hS sd hihi, t i dd tao dilu kifn cho lyc lupng sdn xuit phdt triln chinh Id nguon gle, dfng lyc thic diy su phdt ttiln cia ljch s i ttong xd hfi cd giai cap Vdi nhOng ngudi theo thuylt xung dot, mdi ca nhdn hay cdc nhdm xd hfi sy tin t^ nSn ludn cd su hanh gidnh, chiem doat lpi ich khde dl ciing cl vd tri vi tti cho minh vd ban chit sy bit cdng bing ttong sy phan chia nen cdc cd nhSn vd cdc nhdm ludn ludn ding vdo nhOng thS chdn dl bdo vS minh Nhiing ngudi theo thuySt xung dft dd phS phdn gay git thuylt chic ndng vl su phdn ting xd hdi 'Theo hp, lap ludn cia Mft ttong nhiing ngudi dupe cdc nhd xa nhimg ngudi theo thuylt chic ndng cho hfi hpc phuang Tdy cho Id djt nin tdng ring phdn ting xa hfi Id mft hifn tupng kinh dien cho ly thuyet xung dot Id CMdc^ tich cyc, mang tinh chic ndng vd cin thilt C.Mdc da kS thia, phat triSn, xay dung nSn cho sy tdn tai cia xd hpi, thye chdt la sy Iy thuySt xung dft - gidi quylt mdu thuin xd phdn chic nang Tunin, mft dai biSu cia hdi, thi hifn rd ndt d quan dilm diu ttanh thuylt ximg dft cho ring "chmh tu than hf giai cap Ong cho rdng, sd hiiu tu nhan vS tu thing phdn ting xd hfi h^n chl sy phdt lifu sdn xudt vd phdn edng lao dfng xd hfi ttiln cdc viSn cd tdi ndng tilm ndng d Id nhiing ngudn gdc chinh cia phdn ting xd nhOng ting dudi"' hpi Phdn ting xd hfi lien quan true tilp din TiSp cdn nhihig kiln gidi co bdn cia su bit binh ding giai cip, trudc hit vd chu ylu Id bit bmh ddng vl kinh tl, vl quan hf mft sl nhd xd hdi hpc phuang Tdy vl phdn sdn xuat, vl sd hiiu, to chic sdn xuit, phdn ting xa hfi, ehung ta phai Itm y ring, phii va tiSu ding cia cdi bit ngudn t i ddnh gid vl bit btoh ddng vd phdn ting xd nguySn nhdn elt ldi id chl df tu huu vl tu hpi, khdng nSn tuyft dli hod mft ly thuylt lifu sdn xuit Theo ong, quan he sd hiiu tu nhdn vl tu liSu san xuit Id diu hifu co bdn nhit cia phdn ting xd hfi v i diu ttanh giai Tonny Bilton, Kenvin Bonnett, Philip Jones, Michelle Stanworth, Ken Sheard vd Andrew Webster: Nhdp mdn Xd hdi hoc, Nxb Khoa hgc xd hii, Hd N i i , ^ Gunter Endruweit (Chii bifin): Cdc /)5 thuyet x3 hdi hoc hien dgi, Nxb T h i giiii, Hd N^i, 1999, tr.l64.' 1993, U-.62 Td Phuang Oanh Tiip cdn tit ede thuyit viphdn tdng ndo md phdi bilt kSt hpp nhOng diSm thi chl, chl dp chinh trj, hf thing ehinh hpp ly dl cd thi gidi quylt vin dl saeh vT mo, cdc ylu t l tac ddng cua thi hong cac xd hfi cd giai cap Ching ta can trudng va qud trinh hfi nhdp kinh tl qudc tl, v ^ dyng cdc ly thuylt mft cdch linh hoat sy phdn cdng lao dfng xa hdi vS mat nghi vd khdo leo dl ndng cao ban ly thuylt vl nghifp vd vj thi xd hfi Thi hgi, ciic dJc phdn ting xd hdi tnmg khu vyc, vitog nhu: dilu IdSn kinh tl Quan diem ve phan tang xi hfi tu nhiSn, co sd ting va van hda Thu ba, cac ylu t l thudc vl ca nhan: sy khde htf^ thirc va khong hop thi^c vl ndng lyc (thi chit, tti tuf), dilu kifn, ca Trong ljch s i da cd nhilu quan nifm may; sy clng hiln, ddng gdp thuc tl cia vd cdc each tilp cdn khde vl phdn mdi ca nhdn cho xd hfi tang xa hdi Hifn tupng phan tang xd hpi Sd dl cd hifn tupng phdn ting xa hfi Id vin dang la vin dS dupe ddt vdi y nghia khoa hpc va tam anh hudng ttong thyc tiin cac nguySn nhdn co bdn: ThU nhdt, cd sdu sic Cdc nha nghiSn ciu vdn Ididng sy tin tai cia hifn tupng bit binh ddng ngimg ddt nghi vin vl hifn tupng phdn mang tinh ca ciu cia tit ca cac chl dd xd ting xa hfi, tiiyc su day cd phai Id mpt hien hdi loai ngudi vi ngudi sinh tupng ty nhiSn, khdeh quan, tit ylu tdn tai khong phdi cung ngang vl cac mat Idu ddi hay cM la sdn phim cia mft thdi ky tu thi chit, tti tuf, dilu kifn, co may Thi Ijeh s i nhit djnh? Phdn ting xd hfi cd tit hai, ttong xd hfi ludn cd sy phan cong lao khdng, cd tich cue khdng hay nd rit xiu, dfng xa hfi, sy khde biet vS nghS hodn todn tiSu cyc? Phdn ting xd hfi cd t%o nghiSp cimg nhu dieu kifn dl nim bit, fliuc dfng lyc cin tiiilt cho sy In dinh, phdt iiifn CO hfi Chinh sy khde vl mic hien cia xa hfi, tao su cong bdng vd tiln thu nhfp va cdc dilu kifn ldm vifc gitta cdc bf xa hfi hay la ngudn gle cia mpi sy loai nghi nghifp la mft ttong nhiing ylu tl xung dot, bit bmh xd hfi, kim hdm sy phat t ^ su khde vl dja vi cia nhung hien cia xd hdi? Va nhu vdy thai dp ndo ngudi lao dpng ttong xd hdi BSn canh dd, sS phi hpp vdi hiSn tupng nay: tiiia nhan sy khac vl mdt vi till ttong xd hdi vd tiiilt chl phi hpp hay phdi ngdn chdn, cung din den sy phdn ting xa hfi Su lam diy Iii pham vi tdc dfng? Vi IS dd, cin dung va thao ting quyln luc se tao su thiet phai ly gidi mft each khdeh quan phdn tdng xa hfi va ldm gay git, biln djing nhttng nfi dung trSn, se giip ching ta nhin nhimg ttdt ty tu nhiSn ttong xd hfi nhdn ding bdn chit cia phdn ting xd hpi, t i dd de phuang hudng gidi quylt phi hop doi vdi hien tupng Cd ba ySu tl cin vd di dl din din phan tang xd hfi: Thii nhdt, cdc ylu td thupc vl 60 Theo tac gia Nguyin Dtoh Tin - mft nhd xa hpi hpc Viet Nam da ddy cSng nghiSn ciu vl phdn ting xd hpi chi rdng dS phdn tich vl Iy thuylt ein nhan thic ttSn cd hai phuong difn phuong difn Iy luan vd Uiyc tien, t i dd dua hai khdi Nghien cuu An Do va Chau A S6 3-2017 nhan din den nhung bit dn tam ly cua mdi ca nhSn khiln cho vipc nhin nhan ve phan ting xa hpi cd nhung hoai nghi, kho ch&i &uc, nhit la bdi canh cd su tac dpng manh m€ cua toan cau hda, hpi nh^p quoc Phdn tdng xd hoi hop thirc: noi toi tk va phat triln kinh t l thi trudng hop thuc la nguoi ta nhin manh toi sir phu Phan ting xa hdi hpp thiic phan Snh mat hop vdi phap luat, chuan muc dao due, sir phu hgp vdi kha nang va muc tieu phat tich cue, la co sd, ddng luc thiic diy tinh trien cua xa hpi loai ngu&L Phan ting xS nSng dpng, chu dpng, sang t^o cua mdi ea hoi hpp thuc dua tren su khac biet mpt each nhan, nhdm xa hdi viec phat hi6n, kiim tu nhien ve nang luc (the cMt va tri tue) va thac cdc CO hpi dl ^ g i ^ chinh dang, cac dieu kien co may cung nhu su phdn vuon l&i 6^ cae lihh vuc eua cong lao dpng xa hpi Duong nhien, ddi sdng, thich iing nhanh vdi bdi canh kinh dieu ma ehung ta can xac dinh a day chinh tl - xS hdi va co che thi trudng NMn ehung, la tai nang, AJTC dp, la m^c dp cong hien su phan ting xa hdi tao xu hudng chuyin hpp ly cua moi nguoi cho xa hpi hica manh me va ro net nhan dilic, tu nhung hoan canh cu the .Thuc chit, phan duy, hanh dpng xa hdi tu tri tre, bao thu, ting xa hpi hpp thuc chinh la cong bang xa Idiep kin sang cdi md, nang ddng, linh boat, hpi, la muc tieu diu tien cho mpt trat tu xa mang Iai cac ccr hdi va d ^ ung tdt hon cde nhu cau cang da dang, phong phu cua hpi phat trien cac ca nhan, nhdm va cac giai tSng xa hdi Phdn tdng xa hoi khdng hop thuc: la su nen kinh te thi trudng doi lap vm phan ting xa hpi hpp thuc, phan ling xa hpi khong hpp thuc nhin manh tdi Nhiing he luy bdi tae ddng tu mat trai su phan ting khong dua tren su khac biet tu tieu cue eua phan ting xa hpi, dae biet la nhien giua cac ca nhan, khong t ^ su phan tang bat hpp thue biSu hi€n rd n^t khac ve tai dure va sir cong hien mpt ddi sdng xa hdi ma chiing ta khong each thue tk cua mdi n ^ d i cho xa hpi khd dl nhan bilt Dien hinh va phd biln la Phan ting x3 hpi khong hpp thiic ndi tinh trang phdn hda giau ngheo^ bit bmh din la nhung m ^ trai vdi dao ly xa bpi, ding va khoang cdch chenh lech giua cac la nhfing hanh vi chdng p h ^ luat, tham nhdm ngudi xa hpi vS thu nhdp, miie nhung, lua gat, trpm c ^ , buon ban phi sdng, thu hudng cac gid tri vat chit, tinh phap de trd nen gjau cd, luon Ipt, xu ninh, thin cung nhu dieu kiSn tilp can cac eo hpi di cd vi tri cao xa hpi, hoac ludi eho su phdt trien toan dien ca nhan, dam bi^g, y lai de roi vao su ngheo kho, hen bao chit lupng cupc sdng Nlu khdng cd su kem Phan ting xa hpi khdng hpp thirc la nhan thiic dung ddn vdi nhfing su can thiep trai ngupe, ddi lap va phan gia tri vdi phan phu hpp tir thi chl, ca chl, chinh sach, bd ting xa hpi hop ttiuc Day chinh !a nguyen may quan ly, van hanh xa hpi, se diy niem ca ban nhim luan giai vl phan tang xa hoi Viet Nam ^ai doan him nay, la phan tang xS hpi hop thuc va phan t5ng x3 hoi khong hop thiic Td Phuang Oanh Tiep can tii edc thuyit viphdn ting cdng xa khodng each gidu - nghdo eung nhu nguy ca va thyc tl cdng ttim ttpng vl bit binh ddng xd hdi, sy ddo Idn gid tri, gay rli lo?n xd hpi Cac vin nan vd bilu hifn tiSu cue nhu gidu cd bit chinh, dja vj xd hpi cao, thy hudng cdc dac quySn, dac lpi khdng tuong xing vdi tdi nang, nang lyc, su ddng gdp cho xd hfi Id nhiing ly co bdn gay suy gidm, tiijm chi khing hodng nilm tin cia ngudi ddn vdo chl dp cung nhu vdo nhimg ngudi dji difn cho chl dp Tdc dfng xiu t i mdi trudng, cpng hudng vdi nhiing yeu to ndi tgi, sy rii ro, gdp khd khdn, ttd ngai ve kinh te, vifc lam, thu nlidp ho$c mdu thuin, xung dft ttong cudc sing la co sd Id dilu kifn trye tilp tso phdt nhitag hdnh vi tiSu cue, bit man, ching dli cia mft bf phdn xd hfi, khiSn cho xd hfi mit In dinh gay gdt vd phi djnh sach tton cac ludn dilm cia nhiing ngudi theo thuyet chic ndng ddn din chu truong tim cdch xda bd phan ting xa hfi Chi cd phdn ting bit hpp thic, tidu eye thi mdi la cdi cin ngan chdn, kiSm sodt vd ting budc diy Iui, xda bd Dilm mdi ttong cdch kiSn gidi ting tich hpp t i cdc ly thuylt dupe nha xd hfi hpc NguySn Dinh Tin khing djnh mpt cdch rd rang rdng phdn tang xd hdi Id mft thyc thi cd ciu trie hai mdt song hdnh tin tji: Phdn ting xd hpi hop thic va phdn ting xa hdi bit hpp thic'' Thdi dp cin cd, phi hpp cua ehung ta la Ididng don gian ung hd hay phi nhdn phan ting xd hfi ndi ehung md cdn nhdn thic, phdn djnh rd rdng, ing hf cac gia ttj cia phan ting xd hfi hpp thic va dl xuit gidi phdp ngan chdn, khing chl, kilm sodt, gidm thilu tdc hai cung nhu thu hep pham vi tac ddng cia phdn ting xa hfi bat hpp thic Thyc hifn dupe dilu ndy se la mdt dft phd vl tu duy, mdt ly ludn, mang dSn cau tra Idi mpt each thuySt phuc vl sir chip nhan hay khdng cia phdn ting xa hfi, bat bmh ding xa hpi NghiSn ciu cdc ly thuylt, quan dilm vl phan ting xa hpi, ching ta cd till kl thia, phdn tich, tilp thu cd phS phan, chpn lpc nhung h£it nhdn hpp ly t i dd bd sung, dua cdch kiln gidi mdi Ching ta phai khing djnh ring, khdng phdi phdn ting xd hfi ndi ehung diu Id tich cyc nhu nhttng ngudi Phdn ting xd hdi bieu hien va ed nhttng tiieo tiiuylt chic ndng dl cdp md chi cd tdc dfng cd tich cyc vd tiSu cue Nhitag bilu phan ting xd hfi hpp thic mdi cd chic liifn, tdc dfng tich cyc vd tiSu cue cia phdn nang tich cue, tao ttdt ty xd hfi, edng ting xd hdi Id kit qud cia hoat dfng kinh tl, bang xd hpi, ding thudn xa hpi, dodn kit xa phdn cdng lao dpng xd hpi, tl chic, quan ly hfi Tilp cdn, nhdn thic ding din dl ching san xuat - kinh doanh vd ca chl phan phii ta cd thai df ding ddn cung nhu su hpp tac lpi ich ttong xd hpi Phdn ting xa hfi, phan ty gidc vd hifu qud ttong hdnh dfng xd hpi cdng lao dfng xa hfi, phdn phii lpi ich vd BSn canh dd, ching ta cung cd nhttng dilm khdng ddng tinh vdi nhiing ngudi theo '' Nguyin Dinh Tin, Phdn ldng xd hdi hgp thUc vd tiiuylt xung dft da quy phdn ting xd cong bdng xa hdt cr Viet Nam hien nay, Nxb Chinh trj hfi ndi ehung Id tiSu cyc, t i dd phS phdn qu6cgia,HdNei,tr.l53 62 NghiSn eiiu An Dd va Chdu A Sd 3-2017 phat triSn kinh te - xa hdi ed mdi quan he chat che, tac dpng qua 1^ vdi nin kinh tS thi trudng, nd ed thi Id lire diy hay luc can cua nhau, thupc vao co che va nang lue dieu hanh, quan ly x3 hdi Can xdc dinh phdn ting xa hdi la mdt hien tupng cd tinh quy luat ddi vdi bat ky mpt xa hdi ndo vd nd se ton tai dai lau eung vdi thdi gian Phan ting xa hpi phai dupe hieu, phan tich, nhin nhan va ddt b6i canh cu the, ddc biet ddi vdi Viet Nam cin phai chii y den su tac dpng, dae tnmg cua nen kinh te thi trudng dinh hudng XHCN trudc xu the toan cau hda, hpi nhap qudc tl Ben canh do, cong cudc xay dung, chinh don Dang, ddy manh cai each hanh chinh, phat triln eae dich vu hanh chinh edng theo hudng xa hdi hda, hoan thien he thdng phap luat, lam saeh bp may nha nude, phong didng tham 6, tham nhung, liing doan ciing la mdt giai phdp rat quan trpng gop phin thuc hi6n muc tieu dan giau, nude manh, xa hdi edng blng, dan chu, van minh He thong bp may ehinh quyen, can bp edng chiic, vign chiic lam viec co quan nhd nude, cdc td chtic chinh tri - xa hpi ludn ren luyen, tu duong, gifi ^ pham ehit d^o diic, CO tu each t5t, sach va lam tdt chuc phdn cua minh, ciing mdt bp may nha nude p h ^ quyen thuc sir hieu qua, chde chdn cdc hanh vi tham d, ldng phi se bi phat Men va diy lid la mpt nhan td gdp phdn han ehe, tien tdi ngdn ehan rdt huu hi$u vi^c phan ting khdng hpp thiic, tao nen tang cho phan tdng hpp thirc Khdng nen quy mdt each don gian phan tdng xd hpi chi la cdi tich cue nhu quan dilm ciia nhung ngudi theo thuyet chiic nang, ho^c thdnh dde trung phien dien mpt chieu ve cai tieu cue, cai xlu nhu ^ kiln cda nhihig ngudi theo thuyet xung dot Trdn diuc te, phdn tang xa hpi cd ea mat tich cue, mat tdt - phan ting xd hpi hop thiic va mat tieu cue, mat xau phan ting xa hpi bit hpp Ihiie Tuy vao timg loai phan ting ma ehiing ta ed nhung danh gia, thai dp va c^h ung xir tuong dng Xdy dung, phat triSn mdt xd hdi cd phdn ting xd hpi hpp thiie, tich cue Id muc tieu cin dat dupe nham dem lgi su cdng bang va tien bp xd h6i, ddng thdi cung la mdt thdeh thiic can phai vupt qua b6i cdnh nSn kinh tl thi trudng ffinh hudng XHCN, hpi nhap qudc te sdu r§ng d nude ta Tai lieu tham khao Tonny Bilton, Kenvin Bonnett, Philip Jones, Michelle Stanworth, Ken Sheard va Andrew Webster (1993), Nhgp mon xd hQi hpc, Nxb Khoa hoc xa hdi, Ha Npi Gunter Endruweit (Chu bien) (1999), Cdc ly thuyet xa hoi hpc hi$n dgi, Nxb Thi gidi Ha Npi CRitzer: Cdc ly thi^et xd hoi hoc, Ngudi dich: Vu Quang Ha, Nxb DHQGHN, tsl;2001 Nguyen Dmh Tdn (2015), Phdn tdngxS hoi hap thirc vd cong bdng xa hoi a Viet Nam Men nay, Nxb Chinh tn qu6c gia Ha Npi Le Ngpc Hung (2008), Lich su vd ly thuyet xd hgi hoc, Nxb Khoa hoc xa hpi Ha Noi 63 ... hfi Thuylt xung dot idling djnh ring phdn ting xd hfi liSn quan trye tilp tdi bit btoh ddng giai cap Do su mau thudn, xung dft, NhQng quan dilm cia thuylt chic ndng ttanh gidnh quyln thing ttj... kl tdi Id Srnimel, Pareto, tinh dupe tim quan ttpng vl chic ndng cia Michels, Velblen, Park, Mills, Haberrmas, cac vj hi ttong xd hfi mpt cdch khdeh quan Horkheuner, Dahrendorf Theo thuyet Cdng... dudi"' hpi Phdn ting xd hfi lien quan true tilp din TiSp cdn nhihig kiln gidi co bdn cia su bit binh ding giai cip, trudc hit vd chu ylu Id bit bmh ddng vl kinh tl, vl quan hf mft sl nhd xd hdi hpc