m^ THirCTIEN-KINHNGHieiVI TIEP CAN CONG LYCUA PHU NO B! BAO Liic GIADINH A VIET NAM HIEN NAY MOT sd RAO CAN CHINH VA GCfl Md VE GIAI PHAP • PGS, TS LE THI THUC Hgc vien Chinh tri lihtt vuc I • TSLE THUY HANG Hoc vien Chinh tri quoc gia Ho Chi Minh • Tdm tdt: Tren phUdngdien Iy thuyet vd ket qud rd sodt cdc vdn bdn phdp ludt hien hdnh, cd the thdy ve nguyen tdc, phti nd Viet Nam hdu nhu khdng cd khd khdn viec theo dudi mdt cudc sdng binh ddng tti Tuy nhien, thiic techo thdy cd rdt nhieu rdo cdn md phti nd, ddc biet Id phti nd bi bao Itic gia dinh phdi ddi mat viec tiep can cdng ly de gidi quyet ciic vu viec cua minh Bdi viet phdn tich thiic trang viec tiep can cdng ly cua phiind bi bao liic gia dinh dViet Nam, td dd gdi md mot sd gidi phdp nhdm cdi thien ttnh hinh vd ho trd tdt hdn ddi vdi nhdm phu ndyeu the ndy xd hot • Tdkhda: bao liic gia dinh, bao life trin cdsdgidi, tiep can cdngly, phu nd, binh danggidi B ao luc gia dinh (BLGD) la hanh in vi pham quyen cua phu nu tdn tai tuang ddi bien Viet Nam Theo l(gt qua nghien cihi qudc gia vi BLGD o Viet Nam nam 2010, cil phu nu thi co nguoi timg bi danh, bi cuong buc vS tinh due hay timg phai chiu cac hinh thiic lam dung khac'" Trong sd cac bien phap phdng, chong BLGD, viec tiep cjn cdng ly ciia phu nu bi BLGD la dieu kien quan trgng de dam bao cac quyen cua phu nu, chSm diit tinh trang BLGD va tien tdi thiic day binh d Jng gidi, xoa bo mgi su phan biet doi vdi phij nir Lt LUAN CHiNH TR|-So10/2019 Tiip can cong ly cua phu nir bj bao luc gia dinh - khoang each Ion gi&a ly thuyet va thuc te Mpt so nghien cuu truoc day da chi ring, thong qua luat phap va nhung kenh thlic thi cong ly khac, cac ca nhan tigp can dugc nhiing ngudn luc phu hgp, tu co the hanh dong mgt each tu va tu ehii'^i Theo chieu ngugc lai, cung cd bing chiing nghien ciiu cho thay cac khudn khd va qua trinh phap ly thien vi gioi la yeu td chii ygu can tr6 tign bd viec xoa bd bat binh dSng gidi Do vay, su thay ddi cac khudn khd va qua trinh phap ly cune dugc xac dinh la mdt nhiing nguyen nhin ehung Viet Nam da cd khung thg chg tuong nhan chinh (cimg vdi su gia tang tigng ndi ddi day du cho hoat ddng thuc day binh ddng chinh tri va quyen luc kinh tg ciia ngudi phu gidi ndi chung, bao ve cdc nhdm phu nii ygu thg nu) ed thg dan tai su thay ddi theo hudng binh ndirigng.Tuy vay,ttongthue tg, viee dau ttanh dang hon ve quan be gidi'^' Vi the, viee gia ddi lai cdng bdng eiia phu nu bi bao luc gia ffinh tang kha nang tidp c&n cdng ly la can thiet bdng cac cdng eu phdp Iy van cdn gap khd nhieu ttong quattinhxda bd mgi su phan bigt ddi xii khd khan, nhieu nguyen nhan khach quan va ddi vdi phu nii, thuc My binh ddng gidi va dat chu quan tdi cdc muc tieu phat trign"*' Nhin chung, tir kgt qua nghien cuu chi Viet Nam la mpt nhiing qudc gia ed rdng, cdn tdn tai khoang each kha ldn giiia ndi nhieu chinh saehtienbd ve binh ddng gidi ndi dung cua cde khung khd phdp ly chinh thdng chung va vg phdng chdng BLGD ndirieng.Tren vdd thue tetiepcan cdng ly eua cac nii nan nhan phuong dien qudc gia, Chinh phu Viet Nam b| BLGD d Viet Nam Trdi ngugc vdi viec cd rdt ludn khdng dinh cam ket thuc hien binh ddng nhigu van ban phap ly vg thue hien mue tieu gioi Quygn binh ddng gitia nam va nii da dugc binh ddng gidi ndi ehung, phdng, chdng BLGD c6ng nhan lign tuc kg ttr ban Hien phap dau ndi rieng, thue te, cae nan nhan hi BLGD tien cua Viet Nam (1946) cho dgn eac ban Hien cd rat it nd luc tim kigm su bo ttp tii cac thigt phap sau vao cdc ndm 1960,1980, 1992 va chg va chu thg phdp ly Tinh trang phd bign tdn 2013 Cung vdi Hign phap, Chinh phti Vigt Nam tai a tat ea ede dia ban nghign ciiu la da sd nan da ban hanh mpt sd lugng ldn cac van ban nhan lua chpn im lang va chiu dung BLGD Mdt phap luat lidn quan dgn phu nir va binh ddng bd phan khdng nho phu nu bi bao luc chua gidi, Luat Binh ddng gidi (2006) cdng nhan va timg cd bat ky ddi hdi nao vg cdng ly, vi nhieu mang den hieu luc phap luat de gidi quyet cac nguyen nhan khac Chi mdt sd nu nan van dg gidi quan trpng, bao gdm bdt binh ddng nhan cam nhan dupe nhu eau va da thue su sit gidi Luat Hdn nhan va Gia dinh sua ddi nam dung cac he thdng phdp ly de tim kiem edng ly 2014 cting khdng dinh quyen binh ddng gitia cho minh Tuy nhien, hau hdt nhung ngudi da nam va nii, nghidm cam phan biet ddi xii tren tiing tiep can he thdng phdp ly dg giai quygt vu CO sd gidi mgi linh vuc cua ddi sdng xa viec BLGD cua minh dgu la nan nhan cua cdc hpi Luat Phong, chdng bao lire gia dinh cung vu bao lire thg xac, vdi hau qua kha nghigm da dugc ban banh vao thdng 11 -2007 ttpng va rd rang Ddi vdi cac trudng hpp bi bao Trgn phuong dign qudc tg, vdi tu cdch la qudc luc tinh than, bao luc tinh due hoae bao luc giatiianhvign cua cdng udc CEDAW (Cdng udc kinh tg, cd rat it ngudi da timg tim dgn cdng eu qudc te xda bd mpi hinh thiie phan biet ddi xu phdp ly de giai quyet vu viec Ndi dung ede cudc vdi phu nil) tii nam 1982, Viet Nam the hien su phdng vdn lap lai - cho du dugc thuc hien sau cam kgt day du cua mmh ddi vdi viec xda bd mgi gan niia thap ky - ciing vdn thg hien rd net hmhtiiiicphan biet ddi m va xam hai eac quygn khuynh hudng cua phu nir Nhiing cam kgt da dugc eu the Nhung lire can cua cac nan nhan bj bao hdattongnhigu van ban ed hieu lue thi hanh d luc gia dinh tiep can cac thiet che, chu ca cap qudc gia va cap dia phuong Cd thg ndi, the phap ly LY LUAN CHINH TRI - So 10/2019 EL T H L T C T I E N - K I N H NGHIEM * Su phd biin cda tinh trang im ling, rang ap luc xa hdi lech lae vdn dang de nang Ign ngudi phu nti chfu diflig Thdng tin tir eae dia ban nghidn cuu eho Kgt qua nghien ciiu cho thdy, eac nu nan nhan it tiep can he thdng phap ly chinh thdng thay, dii noi cu trii la dd thi, ndng thdn hay xii ly vu viee BLGD cua minh Nhin ehung, mien nui, ngudi phu mi vdn ludn duac mong hp thudng chgn each im lang hoac chitiepcan dgi la ngudi chiu ttach nhiem chinh viee cac su trp giup phi ehinh thdng ngu trudng hgp gin giii hanh phuc gia dinh Vi vay BLGD bao luc cdnttongkha nang chiu dung cua ban xay ra, ban than ngudi phu nir thudng cam thdy than, va xac dinh van tiep tuc ehung sdng vdi xau bd va cd ldi khdng dam nhan tdt vai trd "giii lua" eua minh Ap lire xa hdi trudc ndi lo bi ngudi chdng Thue tg cho thay, BLGD cd the dg lai nhiing mangriengnhu "khdng bigt lam vg", "khdng h£iu qua nghiem trgng ddi vdi phu nir nhung van biet chieu chdng", "loai dan ba vd phuc" la ly cd khdng it ngudi chap nhan phuong dn "ddng khign nhigu phu mi bi BLGD khdng dam ndi ciia bao nhau" hoac im lang va chiu dung ma van de ciia hg Ndi am anh vg nguy co bi khdngtimkiem su tra giup phap ly nao de ddi mang tieng khdng chi dimg lai d pham vi ca lai cdng bdng eho ban than Thdngtinthu dupe nhan ede nti nan nhan Nhieu phu nii khdng ttr cac cudc thao luan va phdng van sau eua ea mudn ndi tinh trang bi bao luc cua minh vi hai dgt nghien eiiu d cac dia ban nghien ciiu deu bp mudn giu the dien cho gia dinh, khdng chi rdng, chinh eae gid tri van hda truygn mudn lam anh huong xdu tdi cae vien thdng da lam hinh khudn mau chap nhan khac gia dinh, tham chi la khdng mudn lam xdu hinh anh ciia ngudi chdng da cu xu va chiu dung bao luc dd d phu nii Su im lang va cam chiu bao luc ciia cac niinan khdng tdt vdi hg Do dd, ed khdng it nan nhan nhan ed ngudn gdc ttr cac quan niem va gia tri da phai tu "bia" ly giai thieh eho nhiing truyen thdng ve vi tri va vaittdciia ngudi phu nir thuong tich ma ngudi chdng gay trdn ca tilie ttong gia dinh Phan ddng phu nii dugc hdi minh nhu "chdng danh cho tham tim mat may vdn cho rdng phu nii can diu dang, mem mai, ma cii phai nhan la minh hi nga" nhan nhin, kin ddo ; sau lay chong, phu nii Tuong tu, ddi vol cac trudng hgp bi bao luc vg nha chdng tbi phai tdnttgng,nhudng nhin va kinh te va tinh than, ciing cd khdng it y kidn tta phuc tting chdng vi chdng la ehii gia dinh, la thg ldi phdng van d tdt cd cdc dia ban nghien ciiu dien eiia gia dinh Chinh vi vay, mdt so ngudi eho rang phu nii bi bao luc ndn im lang vi "ndi quan niem rang, hanh vi bao luc mdt sd thi xau chang hd ai", va hg lo sa "lam cdi trudng hpp la cd thd chap nhan duoc, chang han xdu hd vdi ban be nd", "lam mat si dien cua nhu quan he vp chdng thi vg phai phuc chdng", "lam mat hinh anh ciia chdng", "khidn tiing chdng, neu vg ma cd loi hoae vg khdng chdngtiiemtiic gian" Dac biet, da sd phu nti bi chieu theo y mudn cua chdng thi chdng cd thg bao Iuc tmh due chgn cdch giii im lang, bdi vi hg danh de day va Cdc "ldi" ma khdng it nan nhan quan niem "tinh due la viec rieng tu chi gitia vg tu ndu nhu "vg ndi nhieu", "vgkhdng dap img vdi chdng", "tinh due la dieu cam ky, khdng ngn dugc nhu cdu tinh due cua chdng", "vp khdng ndi ra", va han thg, "viec thda man chdng la lam dugc nhieutienbdng chdng" the hien trach nhiem cua ngudi vg, ndi xau bd ldm" LV LUAN CHlNHTR!-So 10/2019 Mdt sd nan nhan tin rang, giu im lang la giai va nhung ngudi cd uy tin cdng ddng phdp an toan cho ehinh ban than phu nir, vdi tiiudng dugc eae nan nhan tiep can dau tien de nhiing ly kha da dang Vdi dinh kien truydn tim kiem su chia se, giiip dd sau xay vu tiidng, nhigu ngudi eho rang, vide chia se viec BLGD, bdi tigp can cac chu the la dg chuyen bi chdng eu xii te bac vdi cha me de va dang va thuan tien nhdt Thdng tin thu dugc tu anh, chi em rudt - nhiing ngudi gan gui va dang tdt ed cac dia ban nghien ciiu dgu cho thay, gia tin cay nhat - eung khdng gidi quygt dugc tinh dinh va ho hangli chd dua tm cay nhat cua cac ttang cua hg Chinh vi vay, vdn cdn cd trudng mi nan nhan bi BLGD, bdi vi mdi quan hg hgp mac du phai chju bao luc thudng xuyen dugc hinh dua trgn cdc rang budc ve nhung nhigu nti nan nhan van kien quyet huygt thdng, tinh cam va phap ly Tuy ribien, khdng ndi eho ngudi than bidt chuyen Mot sd quan niem "di lay chdng la da ngudi cita phu nii lo sg viec ndi chuyen nha vol nha chdng" nen su giup ddcua bd me de va anh, ngudi ngoai, ca vdi nhung ngudi cd tham ehi, em rudt gap phai kha nhidu rao can Chinh quyen thi van khdng giai quyet dugc van de cua vi thg, bi bao luc, phu nu thudng thdng bao hg, tham chi edn cd thg khidn cho ngudi chdng vdtimkidm su giup ttr gia dinh chdng nhigu them tiic gian, cu xir te han, banh phuc gia dinh hon, va it tim kiem su giiip dd tir bd me de tan vd Mpt sd nan nhan khde lai ehgn edch im va anh, chi, em rudt Ho eiing thudng tri hoan lang bdi hg khdng tin rdng cdng an hay he viec thdng bdotinhhinh vdi phia gia dinh "bgn tiidng tu phdp, cac ca quan chiic nang ed thd ngoai" khdng mudn bd me, anh chi em rudt ngan chan tinh trang bao luc hoac cd thg giiip eiia minh bi budn, lo lang, hay bi mangttengla do, bao ve ho "benh nha minh" Ben canh dd, d gan, Nhu vay, hn lang va chiu dung bao luc dang dg bdo tin va dg cd su trp giup nen bang xdm la each ma mdt bd phan phu nii chgn de ^n giii cung la mdt nhiing ddi tupng dugc nan hanh phuc gia dinh Day la giai phdp mang tinh nhan BLGD tiep can nhd giup dd xay bao tieu cue boi nd khdng giai quyet hay lam thay ddiluc Dac biet, ddi vdi cac trudng hgp ma hanh vi duoc nguygn nhan dan dgn cac hanh vi bao luc bao lire trd nen nguy higm, cd thd de dpa tinh Bdn chat cita viee gdy bao luc thudng la nhdm mang ma gia dinh va ho hang khdng d gdn thi kigm sodt quyen luc nen mpt ngudi chong ngudi phu nii cd xu hudng tim eachtiidngbdo mudn khdng dinh vi thg cua hg cao hon so cho hang xdm trudc tien de nhdn trp giiip kip vdi vgtillnhigu kha nang hp cdn Ugp tuc cd cac thdi Ban be cting la ddi tupng dugc nan nhan hanh vi bao luc Nhigu phu nir eho biet du khdng tim den chia se vd nhd cay, nhung digu cd ly ^ chinh ddng thi ngudi chdng vdn cd tiiethudng chi dign sau vu viec bao luc daxay ddnh hp VI thg, cho du bg hn lang va chiu dung, duoc mdt khoang thdi gian nhat dinh Ngoai cdc hanh vi bao luc van khdng cham dirt ma ra, ddi vdi mgt sd tmdng hop, r±at la d nhiing cpng ddng cd tinh gdn ket cao, sau vu viec ngupc lai, vdntigptuc tdi dign bao luc xdy ra, eac nir nan nhan edn tim gap * Si^yiu kdm trongh6 txgr tiip cin cic thiit nhung ngudi cd uy tin cdng ddngnhu gia chipMpl^ lang hay trudng hg hoac cha xtr dg nhan dugc Cactiiigtchg va chutiietiiupehetiidngphi ldi khuyen va su giup dd nha nude, bao gdm gia dinh, hang xdm, ban be LYLUAN CHINH TRj-So 10/2019 m^ THUC T l i N - K I N H N G H I S M Cdc thigt chg va ehu the thudc be thdng la d giai doan nan nhan bdt dau thn kigm su hd phap ly nhd nude va mang tinh nha nude {vi trg ehinh thdng de giai quygt tinh trang eua du cac td chiie ehinh tri • xa hdi), mac dti ed minh Mdc dii vay, qua ket qua nghien eiiu, rao thg cung cap su trg giup chdc chdn va toan can gidi Id mdt vdn dg tuong ddi ldn khidn viec dien hon, nhung khdng phai la lua chpn hang tigp can khdng phai luc ndo eting di dang va dau va lap tire ciia cac nir nan nhan bi thudntien,bdi hau bdt nhiing ngudi diing ddu BLGD, bdi nhigu ly khdc Phdp luat khu vue dan eu la nam gidi Chi hdi trudng chi hdi phu nO la ngudi dai chinh thdng eiia nude ta quy dmh rat rd vg trdch nhiem va bien phap ma cac ca nhan, eo dien bao ve quygn Igi eho phu nir d eo sd va quan, td ehiic cd tham quygn cdn thuc bien thudng la vidn to hda giai co sd, vi thg hg nhdm dam bao edng ly cho phu nii bi bao luc thudng dugc phu nG bi bao lue bao tin va nhd Tuy nhien, thdng tin thu dugc ttr cac dia ban can thidp, giiip dd ca dang xdy vd sau nghien eiiu eho thay tam ly e ngai, khdng da xay bao lue Tuy nhign, sd lupng can bd hpi mudn tigp can vdi eae ehu the thude he thdng phu nu cap ca sd d cac dia phuong tuong ddi it, phdp ly nha nude d dia phuang cdn khd phd ttong khdi lugng edng viee hg dam nhdn lai bien Phu nii cd xu hudng chi tigp can vdi cac rat nhieu Cd le cimg chinh vi vay, nhigu phu nd chu the thudc he thdng phdp ly nhd nude va dugc hdi cho bigt hg khdng mudn trinh bdo ve mang tinh nha nude hanh vi bao luc hen viec BLGD cua hg tuc tai dign, gay hau qua nghigm trgng va dd Cdng an va Chu tich UBND xa/phirdnglk vugt khdi pham vi ma hg cd the tu giai nhung ngudi cd tham quygn xu ly cdc hanh vi quygt Ve thii tu tiep can, sau tim su giup BLGD cao rtiiat d cap ca sa, giu vai trd quan dd tir cac thigt chg vd chii thg thude he thdng trpngttongviec bao ve phu nii khdi eae hanh vi phi nha nude, chdng ban nhu gia dinh vd bao luc Chinh vi vdy, dgtimkidm cdng 1^, phu ngudi than, cdc nti nan nhan mditimkiem su nii bi bao luc edn phai thdng bao va yeu cdu su trg giup tir cac chu thg thudc he thdng mang trg giup tir chinh quygn va cdng an ca dang tinh nha nude (chdng ban ngudi dimg ddu khu xay vd sau da xdy bao luc Tuy nhien, vue dan cu, ehi bdi trudng chi hdi phu nir, phu nii bi bao luc rdt e ngai va khdng muon ygu vidn td hda giai ) Cudi cting, hg mdi cau chinh quygn va edng an trg giup, vi so tigp can cde thigt che vd chu thg thupc be mangtiengla" vg ma lai di kign chdng", sg tigp thdng phap ly nha nude nhdm tim kiem su tue hi bao lire neu su trg giup khdng mang lai edng bdng cho minh ket qua nhu mong dpi Thdng thudng, Ngudi ddng dau khu vuc dan cula ngudi daingudi phu nii da viet dan yeu cdu cdng an vd dien cho chinh quygn co sd, chiu trdch nhiem chinh quygn can thiep thi cung cd nghia Id vdn ndm bdt va can thiep kip thdi cdc hanh vi bao lue dg eua bp da tro nen nghigmttpng,nan nhan ttong khu vuc Trong khu dan eu, hp duoc ngudikhdng thgttgptue chiu dung hoac tu gidi quygt dan bau chgn vdi tu each Id ngudi ddng tin cay, dugc niia bieu biet vd cd trdch nhiem doi vdi cdng viec Nhan vien tuphap, vdi vai trd cung cap, phd chung Vi vay, cac nii nan nhan bi BLGD cung bign tai lieu, thdng tin, kien thiic phdp ludt va thudngttgpcan hp dg nhd cay giup dd, dac biet theo ddi, kigm tra viec thi hanh phdp luat tten LYLUAN CHlNHTR!-SolO/2019 dia ban'^', la mdt chu thg ma phu nir cdn tun dgn detimkiem sir hfl ttg vd dam bao su tiep cdn cdng ly Tuy nhidn, ddi tuang rat It dupe dg cap dgn cac eude thao luan nhdm va phdng van sdu d tat ca cac dia ban nghign ciiu Day Id mdt hign tupng rat ddng quan tam, dac bigt la d nhiing dia ban cd phdn ldn phu nii la ngudi dan tgc thigu sd, vdi hidu bigt xa hdi va nhan thiic vg phdp ludt edn ban che, rdt cdn dugc hdttgphap ly nhu trudng hop xa Duong Phong (Bae Kan) vide tim kiem suttggiiip tir cdc ban, ngdnh edn rat it Digu ndy thg hien dac biet rd d xa Duong Phong - nod chua cd du dn phdng, chdng BLGD duge trien khai Kgt qua nghien cuu eung cho thdy, viee cde nii nan nhan bi BLGDtiepcan ede ngudn ttg giup thupc he thdng phap ly nha nude d eae cap eao hon nhu cdng an, tu phdp, tda an cap huyen, tinh va trung uong lai cang It Tai Duong Phong (Bdc Kan),ttongsd cae hd so dupe dia phuang quan ly chua cd trudng hpp BLGD ndo dugc dua Nhan vien y tital cdng ddng ed kha nang va xet xu d tda an cdp huyen ttach nhigm cham sdc siic khde, tu van y te cho Tai Nghi Hda (Nghe An), mac dii sd vu BLGD nan nhdn bi bao luc, nhung kgt qua nghidn ciiu duge yeu cau can thiep khd nhigu, song ehi cd thg hien rdng mdt sd nii nan nhan bi BLGD vdn radt vu dugc dua tda capttenxet xu Phu nii chua tiep can dugc nhan vidn y tg Tai Duong cd xu hudng chitigpcan cac chu thg phap ly cao Phong (Bdc Kan), cac nan nhan cho bigt ehua hon dd la trudng hpp bat budc, vi du nhu viec nhan dupe su cham sdc y te va tu van tu can bd BLGD dan den ly hdn, cd nhiingttanhchdp ddt y tg eo sd, mac du d dia bdn da ed nhiing dai, tdi sdn Ly thudng duoc neu gdm thu trudng hgp phu ntr bi bao luc nghiem trpng (bi tue phap ly phiie tap, su tdn kem vg kmh phi va chong danh gay tdn thuang phai nhdp benh thdi gianttongviee theo dudi cdc thu tuc phap vien tuyen huyen de cap ciiu bay bi chdng gay ly dd Dac biet, ngu viec xet xii vu viec BLGD ma bao luc tinh than tdi miic ed cac bigu hien hi khdng ddn den ly hdn, ngudi vp thudng phdi dm anh, dau ddn, ddn vat ve tinh than, hoac dling chi ttd cac phi tdn ngudi chdng hi phdi chiu dung ddng thdi ea loai bao luc the yeu cdu chap hanh binh phat Do vay, cac nan xac, tinh than, tinh due vd kinh tg tu chdng Id nhan thudng khdng mudn day vu viec eiia minh ngudi nghign ma tiiy nhigm HIV) Kha nhieu len xu ly a cap cao ban nan nhanttaldi phdng van da khdng nhan biet Mot so gpi mif vl giai phap nang cao kha dupe het van de ciia ban than, cho rdng can bd nang tiep can cong ly cua phu nu hi bao lure y tg khdng ed hgn quan, va dd khdng cd y gia dinhfrViit Nam thdi gian toi dinhtimddn can bd y tg de dugc hd trg Cd the thdy, viectiepcan cdng ly eiia cdc nii Ddi vdi cae ban ngdnh khde d chinh quyen nan nhdn bi BLGD cdn gap rat nhigu khd khan, dja phuong, su tiep can cita cac nii nan nhdn ttd ngai De thuc day su tigp can cdng ly ciia cac cQng rat ban che Mac du Ludt Phdng, chdng nii nan nhan, can cd nhirng giai phdp pha va su BLGD quy dinh, dai didn cua ede ban, nganh im lang va chiu dung eiia bg, ddng thditimcdch lign quan nhu Van hda, Lao dgng, Thuong binh gidi quyet cdc thach thiic, rao can khidn hg e va Xa hdi edttachnhiem trg giup cho phu nu bi ngai viec lim kigm su trg giup Do vay, BLGD, song y kien trao ddi ciia cde ddi tugng edn thue hien ddng bp nhieu gidi phdp, ddi bdi phdng van va thao luan nhdm ddu thg hien rdng sutham gia eiia cac ben Hgn quan, cu the la: LYLUANCHfNHTR!-So10/2019 n THl/CTliN'KINHNGHlEM Mdt la, nang cao iiiiu biit xi hdi vi nhan thuccung cdp thdng tin va tu van cho phu nii ve pbip luat cua phu nti di thuc day su tiip can quygn cua hp ddi vol tdi sdn vd dat dai hoac quyen nudi ciing nhu cdc van de khdc dg cdngly - Tiep tue tang eudng cde boat ddng nang giup hp vupt qua dugc rao can qua ttinh cao nhan thiic ve binh ddng gidi, BLGD va Luat theo dudi cdng ly - Khuygn khich su tham gia ciia cdng ddng Phdng, chdng BLGD, nhat la ve eac quygn ciia phu ntr dupe phap ludt bdo ve khdi BLGD Can vao hogt ddng hd ttg phap ly, de giai quyet khd dac biet quan tdm phdt trign cac boat dOng khan nhu eau hd ttg phdp ly ldn, nhung ngudn luc nhd nude danh cho cac dieh vu hd ttg tai cdc cdng ddng dan tde thieu sd - Tang cudng tdp huan, nang cao kien thiie phdp ly cdn ban ehe phap ludt, ky nang tu van va hd trg cho cdn bd Ba la, tiip tuc sua ddi va hoan thidn khung phu nii CO sd vd thiet lap mang ludi phu nii tham khd phap luat dining cao hieu qua giai quyit gia bao ve phu mi bi BLGD t^ ca sd vaxulyvan dibao Iuc gia dmh - Xdy dung va md rpng hoat dpng cua cac cau - Tigp tuc nghien eiiu eaitigndg cdc thil tue lae bd phu mi hi BLGD nhdm ndng cao nhan phdp lyttdngn don gian hon, giiip cho nan nhdn thlic vg BLGD, tu vdn va hd trp phap ly cho phu dg ghi nhd dg ed the thuc hien Cae thu ti^c ciing nii hi bao lire, tao didu kien cho phu nii duge cdn duge digu ehinh theo hudng Imh boat hon chia se kmh nghiem, hpc hdi each giai quygt van de cd the kjp thai thuc hien cac hoat ddng can dg BLGD, hdttgtam ly vatinhcam, va tham giathiep vd tang eudng su phdi hgp chEit che giira xdy dung cdc ke hoach ung phd vdi BLGD tai cac ca nhdn, co quan chiie nangttonggidi quydt cdc vu viec BLGD cdng ddng - Day manh vai trd eiia truyen thdng dai - Tigp tue xay dung khung binh phcit eu the cho chung, tang cudng viec truygn thdng vg luat bmh nhung loai hanh vi bao luc ma hign ehua cd ddng gidi vd Ludt Phdng, chdng BLGD, tang quy dinh ve binh thiic xii phat, vi du bao luc tinh eudng truyen tai cac thdng diep Ign dn cde hdnh tiidn, bao luc tmh due, b£io lire kinh te Ben canh vi b£io luc dudi mpi hinh thiic va hudng ddn each dd, eung can dieu chinh cdc bign phdp xir phat tim kigm sir hd trg trudng hgp cdn thiet, chua hpp ly, vi du nen cham diit sii dung bien ddng thdi md rpng tuygn truyen xda bd cac dinh phdp phattign{xtr phat banh chinh) va thay bdng kign gidi viecttuytd trudc phap ludt, dp dung nhiing muc phat nang hon ddi vdi cac tnrdng hpp cd hanh vi Hai la, ting cudng cac dich vu hd Uaphap ly nhim giai quyit nhimg khd khan cua phu nQbibao luc gay rathuongtichdmiic dudi ll%nhung da duoc xii ly nhigu ldn ma van tdi dign bao luc gia dinh tiep can cdngly - Nang cao hieu biet phap luat va ky nang hd - Bd sung chg tdi xu ly ddi vdi cac trudng hgp ttg phdp ly cho cdn bp hdttgphdply co sd, nhat cdc ed nhan, td ehiie ed tham quyen nhung Id ddi vdi cae cdng ddng dan tdc thigu sd - nai khdng thuc hien hoae thuc hien khdng ddy du cac nii nan nhan rat cdn duge hd trg phdp ly chirc ndng, nhiem vu tiieo quy dinh gidi - Md rdng pham vi tu van va ho trg phap ly quygt vu viec BLGD gilip phu nii bi BLGD thao gd khd khanttongkhi Bdn la, ning cao hieu qua hoat dong giai quyit theo dudi edng ly Dich vu ho trg phap ly cdn khiiu kien, khieu nai cua cac caquan chdc nang Lf LUAN CHlNHTR!-So 10/2019 m - Cam ket thuc hien phdng, chdng BLGD d tat cd cac cdp chmh quygn, xay dung vd sii dung ehi tigu phdng, chdng BLGD lam tieu ehi ddnh gid ket qua boat ddng ciia cdc cd nhan va ban, nganh chiic nang - Day manh hoat dpng tuyen truyen nhdm xda bd dinh kign gidi va nang cao nang lire giai quygt khigu kien, khieu nai eua can bd cosd Ben canh do, ciing can td ehiic eac boat ddng tap huan vg each thiie can thiep vd xu ly xdy BLGD - Thlic day su hgp tac da nganh phdng, chdng BLGD, xay dung kg hoach chung ve phdng, chdng BLGD, dd ldm rd each phdi hpp boat ddng phdng, chdng BLGD giiia cdc ban, nganh, doan the tai dja phuang - Nang cao nhan thiic eho cdng ddng ndi chung va nam gidi ndi rieng ve binh dang gidi va phdng, chdng BLGD Cdn dac biet chii y thuc hien cdc boat ddng tuygn truyen, van ddng dg nang cao nhdn thiic va y thuc thuc bien Ludt Phdng, chdng BLGD eho nam gidi, tign tdi xda bd dinh kien gidi cdng ddng - Cdn xdy dung cdc cau lac bp eho nam gidi cd hanh vi bao luc de giup bp nang cao kign thiic va thay ddi banh vi, tap trung vao cdc ndi dung nhu tang cudng higu biet ve cdc quy dinh phap luat binh ddng gidi va phdng, chdng BLCS), hpc hdi va thuc hanh cde ky ndng sdng gia dinh, khuyen khich lingxu binh dang • Nam la, phat buy su tham gia hieu qua cda cac td chm: chinh tri - xi hoi - Tang cudng su tham gia eua eac td chiic chinh tti - xa bdi eg sd, tigp tuc tuyen truygn xda bo dinh kidn gidi va nang cao nhdn thiic phap luat vg binh ddng gidi va phdng, chdng BLGD; md rpng tap huan nang cao nang lire hda gidi va hd ttg phdp ly eho can bd dodn thg ca sd (1) Tong cue Thdng ke: "Chju nhin la chit day" Kit qua Nghien cuu qudc gia vS Bao Iuc gia dinh ddi vai phu nU d Viet Nam, KaNdi, 2010 (2) Martha Nussbaum [1999), "Women and Equality: The Capabilities Approach", International Labour Review, 138(3), pp 227-245; Amartya Sen - Tigp tuc ndng cao nang lire vd tao cahdi cho (2009), The Idea of Justice, Harvard University can bp nii tham gia vdo cdc vi tri lanh dao a Press chinh quyen ea sd Can day manh viec tao digu (3) UNDP: Power, Voice and Rights: A Turning Point kien dg can bd nti cd quyen tham gia vd gidm sat for Gender Equahty in Asia and the PaciScMacnulqud triinh didu tta va xet xii cdc vi pham lign quan lan Publishers India Ltd, 2010 (4) Evalyn G Ursua: Access to Justice for Women in tdi BLGD ddi vdi phu nu - Thlic day su ehu dpng cua cdc cap hdi phu Plural Legal Systems hi South East Asia, UN nii viec tham gia hd trg cdc nu nan nhdn Women, Bangkok, 2014 tigp can cdng ly thdng qua eae boat ddng cu (5) Bd Tu phap - Bd Npi vu: Thong tu Lien tich sd tile nhu hd trg co quan bdi phu nti dam nhdn 01/2009/TTLT-BTP-BNV 28-4-2009 vg viec lap hd so, theo ddi va quan ly cae vi pham Hudng din chiic nang, nhiem vu, quyen han vi ca lien quan tdi BLGD ddi vdi phu nu d tat cd cau td chdc ciia Sd Tuphap thuoc Uy ban nhan din cap tinh, Phdng Tuphap thuoc uy ban nhan cac cap Saula, ting cuong sutham gia cua cdngddng, din cap huyen vi Cong tic Tuphip cua Uy ban nhin din dp xi, 2009 tihatia su tham gia cua nam gidi LYLUAN CHiNHTRI-SolO/2019 ... qudc gia, Chinh phu Viet Nam b| BLGD d Viet Nam Trdi ngugc vdi viec cd rdt ludn khdng dinh cam ket thuc hien binh ddng nhigu van ban phap ly vg thue hien mue tieu gioi Quygn binh ddng gitia nam. .. mif vl giai phap nang cao kha dupe het van de ciia ban than, cho rdng can bd nang tiep can cong ly cua phu nu hi bao lure y tg khdng ed hgn quan, va dd khdng cd y gia dinhfrViit Nam thdi gian toi... thuc hanh cde ky ndng sdng gia dinh, khuyen khich lingxu binh dang • Nam la, phat buy su tham gia hieu qua cda cac td chm: chinh tri - xi hoi - Tang cudng su tham gia eua eac td chiic chinh