Nhận diện cộng đòng Chăm Bà Ni ở Việt Nam.pdf

]00 \oY TAP CHf KHOA HOC so (26) 2012 NHAN DIEN CONG BONG CHAM BANI O VIET NAM £>go Thanh Quyen' TOM TAT Giao luu vd tiep biin van hda Id hai thude linh co ban khdng the tbieu ddi v&i mot nen vdn hda Dieu ndy lgi duprc phdn dnh khd ro nil nin van hoa Chdm V&i dia bdn vdn hda m& - ndm a ngd khu vuc giao luu ciia ba nen vdn hda - van minh ldn cua nhdn logi (An Dd Trung Hoa va A rdp) Van hda Chdm dd tiep nhdn vd biin ddi nhiing yeu td van hda ngogi sinh tren nin tdng ciia vdn hoa bdn dia dieu kien xa hpi vd cau true tdm Unh Tir hp dd hinh thdnh hai cpng ddng tin nguang - ton gido Dd Id cpng ddng Chdm Bdni (Cam Awal) vd cpng ddng Chdm Bdlamdn (Cam Ahier) Hai cpng ddng ndy tdn tgi vd phdt trien phu thuoc ldn vd khdng mang tinh sd hiru Vi vdy, khdng thi nhin nhdn cpng ddng Chdm & Viel Nam v&i tinh chdt mpt thuc the ehinh tri md Id mdt ihuc the xahpi, bao gdm nhliu yeu td nhu: vdn hoa truyin thdng niim tin lin nguang - ldn gido id chirc xa hpi Tfr khoa: ChdmCam Awal Chdm Bani/Bini, cdng ddng Cham Bdni ABSTRACT Cultural exchange and acquisition are two essential basic features of a culture This is also reflected quite clearly in the Cham Culture With open cultural geographylocated al the crossing of three great cultures - civilizations of human kind (India, China and Saudi Arabia) Cham Culture has acquired and exchanged exogenous cultural factors on the base of native culture, social condition and spirit structure Thence it formed two belief-religion communities: Cam 4wal and Cam Ahier communities These communities exist and develop interdependent Iv without posses. thdai, sy iranh gianh anh hudng ciia hai luong tu tudng An gido va Islam xuat hidn mdt cdch ro net d khu vuc Panduranga (tinh Ninh Thugn va tinh Binh Thudn nay) Chinh dieu nay, da gay nen su phan hda va ddi lap mau thudn ngi bd cgng ddng xa hgi ciia ngudi Cham tuc ducmg riidi E)d gidi quydt sy mau ttiuan ddi lap nay, cpng ddng ngudi Cham d khu vyc Panduranga dd sdm biet iing dyng quan nidm lufrng hgp dung hda dd xda nhda ranh gidi frdn Hg phan ldp ihdnh hai nhdm cgng ddng ddn cu Awal (cdng ddng Chdm Bdni) va cgng ddng dan cu Ahier (cpng dong Chdm Bdlamdn) dya irdn ca sd quan nidm: '^Tuy bieu hien ciia hai mat ddi lgp nhirng thdng nhdt mdi quan he'\ Vice sfr dung thuat ngfr Awal va Ahier Id nhdm de chi hai mat ddi lap ciia su thdng nlidi Mai doun Kinh Cora an (Corun) Anh' Thanh Quyen Quan cdnh ldo mp cua cong dong Chdm Bam ir linh Binh Thuan nghi ndng nghidp Cung nhu cdng ddng Cham Balamdn, cgng ddng Cham Bdni cd tyc thd "del aiau'^-^ vdi he ihdng cac nghi Id rija thd hien su thd cimg Id lidn 3,3 Cgng dong Cham Bani eiing vdi c o n | dong Cham Balamon la mot t h ^ r the xa hoi Chdm Hai cong ddng ton tai va phat trien phu thugc, chuyen hda lan va khong mang tinh sdhfru Do do, khong the nhin nhgn cgng dong Cham vdi tfnh chat mot thuc the chiflh tr{ ma la mgt ban the xa hgi Thuat ngfr Awal cd ngudn goc tfr Argp CO nghTa la """ddu tien, sdm phdn ddu"'* Ngudi Cham diing ihudt ngu ndy de chi nhfrng ngudi Chdm ddu lidn cai dao ttr Balamdn giao sang Hdi gido Bani Ngugc lai ihugt ngQ Ahier la gdc tfr Argp cd nghta la "sau, phdn sau" Ngudi Cham "Cittatauldv^t&ngdiAfngnidingv&t thiing eita tdc "Hawkins J.M., 2004, tr 13 diing thugt ngfr ndy chi nhiing ngudi chua dugc cai dgo hoac cai dao sau cimg ifr Balamdn giao sang Hdi gido Bani Rieng \ iec dimg thuat ngti Chdm Bdni {Bim) va Chdm Balamdn {Akaphir/Akapier) thi lgi mang mpt y nghta khac Tu Bdni/bini la gdc lu Ardp cd nghta Id "dda trai, CHfNH TR! - VAN HOA - GIAO DUC - XA HOi ciia ddng tdi cao"'\ Tuy nhidn liep nhgn ydu to Islam vao, ngudi Chdm dung ifr de chi "phdi nir" ihudc phai Awal Cdn lii Akaphir/Akapier cd ngudn gdc Ifr chfr Kafir ciia ngdn ngu Ardp cd nghfa Id khdng phdi tin dd Islam (non - muslim) Tu ndy diing dd chi nhtrng ngudi Cham chiu dnh hudng Bdlamdn gido ddi tap vdi Chdm Bani (chiu dnh hudng ciia Islam)-*' Hai thudt ngfr Cham Bdni (Bini) va Cham Balamdn {Akaphir/Akapier) dugc diing dd chi nhdm cdng ddng ngudi Cham chju dnh hudng Islam giao vd nhdm cdng ddng ngudi Chdm chiu dnh hudng Balamdn giao Dieu ndi ldn ring, cdng ddng Cham Bani hay Cham Balamdn ddu cimg xuat thdn tfr mdi cdi ngudn - ciing mdi tdc ngudi Do dd sy khdc biel ngdy chi Id sy khdc biel vd sy phdn cong dam nhan vai trd phung sy Yang (than) hogc Awluah (thanh Alia) md thdi-" Nhdm ccing ddng Cham Bdlamdn (Cam ^/i/e/^ pliung sy Yang thugc nhdm Duang linh - tanaow/likei/amd (due/con irai/n^cai cha) Nhdm cdng ddng Chdm Bani (Cam /Jwt7/) phung su/)H7i/flft(ihanti Alia) ihudc nhdm Am tinh - Binai/kumei/amaik {ck\i gdi/ngudi me) ;^^n^m^^ Katip doc kinh Cora 'an Irong lc ldn phong lai ihanh dudng Phu nir Chdm Bdni mdc y phuc Irong le ldn pliong lu sT Chiim Bdni, Anh: Thanh Quyeu Moi quan hf lufrng hgp ndy the hidn rat ro sinh hoal vdn hda linh than ciing nhu sinh hogi van hda vdt chat cua hai nhdm cdng ddng ngudi Chdm d viing Nam Trung Bd Td chuc cdng ddng xd hgi truyen thdng ciia ngudi Chdm la mpi id chfrc nhj phdn - ludng hgp Cung tren co sd ndy ngudi Chdm da diic kdl mdt bidu tugng ciia su thdng nhdt qua Homkar^ hinh vd phdt frien cua vuang qude Champa Trdi qua bao thang tram cua ljch su vdi sy thjnh suy cua vuang trieu, dd keo theo sy syp dd ciia cd mpt hf ihdng tin nguang - ldn gido Cgng ddng Chdm d khu MJC Panduranga (thugc tinh Ninh Thugn va Binh Thudn nay) dd xdy dyng cho minh mdi toai hinh tin ngudng - tdn gido ridng Loai hinh tin ngudtig- ion giao dugc dya Ircn co sd cua ndn van hda ban Tdm Igi lin nguong - Idn giao Chdm dja, uong dd ndi bdC nhfrng ydu td truydn dd ddi \a ton tgi gdn lidn vdi qua trinh ihdng cda xd hgi ndng nghidp chd dd gia "Aymonier E., 1906 tr 323 ".fymonlerE 1906 tr.2 ^Thdnh Phan 2001 "Tir Hamkar cd nguon gde tit Omkara - Id biiu tnmg cho h'mh twang triet hoc cua An Dfi TAP CHf KHOA HQC S6 (25) 2012 dmh mlu hf, va tin ngudng thd cung td lien kdl hgp vai nhiing ydu td van hda An Do, Islam vd Phdi gido da dugc ngudi Cham tiep nhan vd bidn ddi phii hgp vdi ndn van hda vd didu kifn xd hgi Dd ciing Id qua uinh "nhdt the hda" nhfrng ydu Id van hda ngoai sinh vao nen van hda ban dia Chdm Trong qud uinh nhdt thd hda dy, mgt phdn da hinh nen cmig ddng U'n ngudng - tdn giao Cham Bdni d Vidl Nam Ngdy nay, viec xdy dyng nhd nudc phap quydn d Viet Nam, ca chd quan ly hdnh chinh Nha nudc ddng vai trd chii dgo cho su van hanh ciia xa hgi Nhung frong qua frinh xay dyng vd cai bidn co chd quan ly xa hgi; ddc biel la xdy dung ndng Ihdn mdi cdn cd sy quan lam thich dang hem nfra, ddn nhiing yeu to hgp \y cda td chiic xa hgi Iruydn thdng Song song dd, la phai cd sy cg sdt \^ ndng kdi hgp va vgn dung nhimg ydu id lich cyc nhan didn hdi hda, Ihifn chi ban phong tuc tap qudn tin ngudng - ldn giao ciia ngudi Chdm Lam dugc nhu the ching nhiing gdp phan nang cao hifu qua cdng tdc quan ly Nhd nudc md cdn gdp phan gidi quydt lot van dd dan tgc, tin ngudng - tdn giao vdn lau chiia dyng tdn dgng nhidu nhidu khd phCrc tap va gdy du luan d viing ddng bdo Cham c g Aymonier, E., 1906 Dictionnaire Cam - Francois [Tir diin Cham Phdp] EFEO, Paris Phan Xuan Bidn - Phan An - Phan Vdn Dop, 1991 Van hda Cham, Nxb Khoa hgc Xa Hdi, Ha Ndi, 392 trang Hodng Minh Dd, 2006 Tin ngudng tdn gido cgng ddng nguai Chdm a Ninh Thudn, Binh Thugn, Nxb Ly lugn Chinh uj Ha Npi 209 trang Phan Van Ddp 1993 Tdn gido cua nguai Chdm a Vi^t Nam, Ludn an Tien st, Mdn Khoa hoc Xa Hdi tai TP.HCM Phan Van Ddp, 2006, "Ton giao ciia ngudi Chdm d Viet Nam", Ddn tdc hoc vd nhung vdn de xd hdi hien dai, Nxb Khoa hgc Xa hdi Ha Ngi, fr - '• Nguydn Hdng Ducmg, 2004 "Anh hudng cua Balamdn giao, Phat giao vd Hdi gido ddi vdi van hda cda ngudi Cham d Viet Nam", Tdn gido mdi quan h? vdn hda vd phdt iriin a Viil Nam, tr 323 - 335 Haij • Adi Taha (editor) 1998 Costumes of Campa and the Malay group in Vietnam [Trang phye cua Champa vd nhdm Md Lai d Viet Nam], EFEO and Muzeum Negara Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Phii Vdn Hdn, 2005 Ddi song vdn hda vd xd hdi ngudi Cham Thdnh phd Hd Chi Minh, Nxb Van hda Dan tgc, HaNoi TAI LIfU THAM KHAO Phan Van Ddp 1992 "Ton giao uong xa hdi cua nguoi Cham d Viet Nam'", frong Vdn de kinh ti - vdn hda ddn tdc Chdm, k>' ydu khoa hgc Vien Dao lao Md rgng TP.HCM (nay Trudng Dai Hgc Md TP.HCM) Hawkins J.M., 2004 Kamus Dwibahasa Oxfiyrd Fajar: JnggerisMelayu, Melayu-Inggeris, Oxford university Press U, Lafont P.B Po Dharma, 1989, Bibliographie Campa et CUtm [Thu muc ve Champa vd Chdm], L'Harmattan, Paris 12, Manguin P.Y., 1979 L'introduction de I'Islam au Campa [Gidi thi^u Islam d Champa], Public BEFEO, Vbl,LX\a (translated in English by Robert Nicholf) CHiNH TRI - VAN H A - GlAO DUG - XA HOl 13 Maspero G 1928 Le Royaiime de Campa [Vuang quoc Champa], Public Van Desi, Paris Thanh Phan 2001 "Mdi vai suy nghT ve Ihyc trang tin ngudng - ldn giao ciia ngudi Chdm hidn nay", bdi bao cdo nghien cfru khoa hgc tgi Hgi nghj khoa hgc ve tdn gido tin ngudng ciia ngirdi Cham a Kinh Thudn - Thuc trang vd gidi phdp, tinh Ninh Thuan 17/9/2001 Truong Vdn Mdn 2008 Subien doi tin ngudng tdn gido cua ngudi Cham d Viet Nam irong "Sir bien doi cua tdn gido lin ngudng d Viet Nam hien nay" Nxb The gidi, Hd Npi Ir.l31 -173 18 Bd Trung Phy, 2001, Gia dinh vd hon nhdn cua ngic&i Chdm & Viet Nam Nxb Van hda Dan ldc Hd Ngi Moussay G Po Dharma, Abdul Karim 2000 Sai Mai Mang Makah [Thi phdm Nai Mai Mang Makah] No 3, Public EFF-O, Kuala Lumpur Malaysia 20 Vdn bdn Chdm (DTQ.II) Dak rai patao Cam [bien nien sU vua Champa] 21 Vdn ban Chdm (DTQ.31) Sakkarai Po Kuk ndmmdk sang mdgik f uidt ly Po Kuk Ddu tich thdnh dudng] 14 Truang Van Mdn (Sakaya) 1994 "Le Rija Nagar ciia ngu&i Chdm - mot tin ngimng ddn gian Chdm doc ddo" Tap chi Dan lpc hgc sd 3T994.fr - 15 16 107 17 19 Nguyen Hiiu Thdng 2003 Tdng thu muc Champa, Nxb Thuan Hoa, 489 trang  ... BANI/BINI O V I $ T NAM 3.L Cpng ddng Chdm Bdni Id cgng ddng chiu dnh hudng cda tdn gido Islam ma nhiing nhd khoa hoc Ihudng ggi la Chdm Hdi gido cii hay Chdm Hdi giao Bdni''- Cpng ddng Chdm Bdni... cimg ifr Balamdn giao sang Hdi gido Bani Rieng \ iec dimg thuat ngti Chdm Bdni {Bim) va Chdm Balamdn {Akaphir/Akapier) thi lgi mang mpt y nghta khac Tu Bdni/bini la gdc lu Ardp cd nghta Id "dda... hgi ddng cap theo Bdlamdn gido^ Thdnh dieang (Song mdgik) Cham Bani Anh: Thanh Quyen Ddi vdi tin dd cdng ddng Chdm Bdni, hg quan niem rdng viec thuc hidn cdc bon phan can ban ciia tin ngudng -