THÔNG TIN TÀI LIỆU
X3 hpi hpc so (128), 2014 5] NHAN DIEN HOAT DONG BAN HANG RONG HA NOI NGUYEN TUAN MINH* Dat van de Bdn hdng rong tren dudng phfi Id mfit dang boat dpng thuang mgi khfing chi tfin tgi d Vipt Nam ma cdn d nhifiu nude trfin thfi gidi Tuy nhien, hiem cd mpt thu ndo ngudi ta bdt gdp hinh dnh hdng rong nhu d Ha Npi, ddc bipt hinh anh nhirng nguoi phu nii vdi nhihig dfii quang gdnh rong mfii khap cdc phd phuong hay nhu nhiing tifing rao bdn hang dem Hang rong cd tir tdu doi', nd gdn gui vdi cupc song hdng ngdy, tham ehi cdn dupe vi nhu mfit net ddc trung van hda cua thii dfi Hd Npi Ngay nay, cimg voi tifin trinh Ddi mdi, day mgnh cdng nghiep hda, hien dai hda ddt nudc vd hpi nhgp kinh te qufic tfi, cupc sfing cua ngudi dan Viet Nam dd duoc cdi thien ddng kfi Thfing thudng nen kinh tfi phdt trifin d mpt mire dp nhdt djnh thi nhimg hinh thirc kinh tfi truyen thfing, quy mfi nhd, mang tinh ty cung ty cap nhu ban hang rong se gidm ddn hode thgm chi la mat di, nhudng cho cho nhung hogt dpng kinh tl hdng hoa mang tinh tfi chiic, hien dgi Tuy nhien, dudng nhu cd mpt ngoai tfi vdi trudng hpp d Viet Nam, ngudi ban hang rong khdng gidm md thdm ehi cdn eo xu hudng tdng (Nguyen Ngpe Tien, 2014), ddc bipt nhiing thdnh phd ldn nhu thu Hd Npi Hdng rong hifin nay, mpt m§t, tgo mpt mang luoi cung cap hdng hda rat thuan tifin, gia rfi vd vgy nd ddp ling dupe nhu cau ciia nhifiu tdng ldp dan cu xd hfii Mdt khde, nd cimg gdp phdn tgo vipc lam, tdng thu nhgp eho ngudi dan Ben cgnh nhung difim tich cyc, hang rong ciing dang lam sinh nhting van dfi xa hpi d thi nhu lan chiem khong gian efing cpng, mdt vp sinh an todn thyc phdm can trd giao thfing, xa rdc bira bdi v.v Chinh quyen da ban hdnh nhieu quy djnh li6n quan tryc tifip hodc gidn tifip dfin hoat dpng ban hang rong nhdm dieu tiet vd qudn ty nd nhung da khdng dem lgi hipu qud (Nguyen Quang Thieu, 2008) Nhin duoi gde dp ty lugn, hang rong Id mpt dgng ciia khu vyc kinh tfi ptii chinh thiic Khu vyc ndy ehiem mpt ty Ip ton va cd mpt y nghia ddc bifit quan trpng nen kinh te ciia Vipt Nam (Le Ddng Doanh, 1998; Jean-Pierre Cling, 2012) Tuy nhifin, sy hieu biet vfi khu vuc ndy cdn rdt hgn chfi, bdng chOmg la thifiu nhung cupc di^u tra, nhihig sfi lipu thfing ke ciing nhu nhihig cdng trinh nghien ciiu khoa hpc chuyen sau vfi nd NCS Vipn Xd hpi hpc, Vipn Hdn ldm Khoa hpc x3 hpi Vipt Nam * Sii sich ehep, thdi Ly d Thang Long da co nguiri gdnh hing di bdn rong d kinh thinh (Nguyen Ngpe Ti^n, 2012) 52 Nhgn dipn hogt dpng bdn hdng rong d Hd Npi Xudt phat tir thyc tien ciing nhu ly lugn ke trfin, viec tim hifiu vfi hogt dpng ban hang rong d dd thi cd nhifiu y nghia, khfing chi cho chiing ta hifiu rd hem vfi mpt logi hinh thuong mai truyfin thdng mang tinh phd bifin d ede dfi thj, ma cdn gop phdn ndng cao nhdn thirc vfi khu vyc kinh tfi phi chinh thiic d Viet Nam Nguon so lieu va pham vi Bdi vifit dua tren sfi lieu eua cupc dieu tra chpn mdu mang tinh dgi dien "Dieu tra vfi CO sd san xudt kinh doanh cd thfi vd khu vuc kinh te phi chinh thiic tai Ha Npi va thdnh phfi Hfi Chi Minh" vdo thdng 10 vd thdng 11 nam 2009, Vifin Khoa hpc Thfing ke - Tdng cue Thong Kfi (Vipt Nam) phfii hpp vdi C a quan nghifin eiiu Phdt trifin, Th^ chfi vd Phan tich dai hgn - Vipn Nghifin ciiu phat trien (Phap) thyc hien Cupc difiu tra Id giai doan ciia cudc diSu tra hon hop gfim giai dogn Giai dogn Id Difiu tra lao dpng vipc Idm^, tir eude difiu tra giai doan ndy, ngudi ta da bo sung eac cau hdi dfi xde dinh vipc tam phi chinh thiic vd cac ca sd san xuat kinh doanh ea thfi khong cd tu cdch phap nhdn td doi tupng cho dieu tra giai dogn Vi doi tupng ciia cupc dieu tra dya tren hp gia dinh nfin tdii khdng gian nghifin eiiu eua bdi vifit ndy duac xdc dinh Id Ha N^i thi cdc cct sd sdn xudt kinh doanh ed thfi (bao gfim nhdm ngudi ban hang rong) se Id nhOng d6i tupng cd hp gia dinh d Hd Nfii Nhu vay, bai viet ndy se Ithfing dfi cap den nhdm doi tupng ngudi bdn hdng rong la nhung ngudi di eu cd ddng ky tam tni ngdn hgn hay khong ddng ky tam trii, hogc nhiing ngudi di eu hdng ngay** d Ha Npi Cdn Cli vdo nhiing van ban phdp quy tiien hdnh eua ttidnh phd Hd Npi va ctiinh phii Vipt Nam, ciing thue te quan sat ciia bdn than, tac gid bdi vifit quan niem "ban hang ror^" (bufin bdn dao) la hinh thitc thuang mgi luu dpng - di ehuyin lien tiic hodc di ehuyin theo kieu tipn ddu thi dimg a de mua, bdn hdng hoa hay eung mig dich v^; "nguai bdn hang rong" la ed nhdn thirc hipn vipc bdn hang rong, mpt cdch dpe lap thuang xuyen, khong phdi ddng ky kinh doanh, khong co dia diim kinh doanh cS djnh vd khong gpi Id "thuang nhdn" nhu quy dfnh eua Lugt Thuang mgi Theo cac khdi nifm ndy, cude difiu tra ndi tren a Hd Npi, cd 55 truong hop tdng sfi 787 trudng hpp difiu tra Id ngudi ban hdng rong Vi day Id cupc difiu tra chpn mau mang tinh dai dien nfin 55 trudng hap ciing ed thfi coi Id dgi dien cho nhdm nhung ngudi ban hang rong cd hp gia dinh d Ha Npi Ket qua phan tich Bdi viet tap trung md ta nhiing ket qua dinh lupng thu duac tir cu0c khdo sat nhdm nhgn dien vfi nhihig nguoi ban hdng rong, cung nhu mfit sd hoat dpng cua hp tai thu Ha Nfii hon la di sau vdo ly gidi vd binh luan 3.1 Dpe diem nhdn khdu-xa hpi eua ngirdi ban hdng rong a, Gidi tinh, tuoi vd so nam di hoe D ^ li m^ ngudi bdn hdng rong la ngudi cd hp khdu thudng tni d Hd Npi (KT1-KT2) chiem ti 96,4%, cdn lgi mpt so rdt it Id ngudi d tinh khae tgm tni ddi hgn d Ha Npi (KT3), vdi ti 3,6% Da phan nhirng nguoi ban hang rong cd thdi gian djnh eu d Hd Npi tir 10 ndm trd ten (89,1%); mpt ti tfi rat nhd ngufii ban hang rong dinh cu d Hd Npi dudi 10 ndm vd day la nhirng ngudi chuyen tir vimg nong thon khde dfin dinh cu d Ha N^i (9,1%) Nhu vgy, nhdm ngufii ban tidng rong nghien ciiu hdu hfit diu Id nhiing ngufii dinh eu tdu ndm d Hd Npi c Hp nghko vd thdm nien bdn hdng rong Nhiing ngudi bdn hdng rong thudng dupe nhin nhgn dd la nhung ngudi budn bdn nhd, thu nhdp thdp, nhihig ngudi ngheo Tuy nhifin, gan nhu todn bp ngudi ban hdng rong nghien eiiu ndy (98,2%) tchong thufic danh sdch eae hp ngheo etia dja phucmg Bieu I: ThSm ni£n I&m vifc cua ngirdi ban hdng rong >2-4nam >4-6ndm 54 Nhgn dipn hogt dpng bdn hdng rong a Hd Npi Ngudi bdn hdng rong cd thdm nien lam vipe it nhdt Id thang vd cao nhat td 29 ndm Nhin vdo bifiu dd chiing ta thdy, chifim ti cao nhdt (47,3%) la nhdm ngufii bdn hang rong cd sd ndm ldm vific han ndm Nhu vdy, hang rong cd ve nhu td mpt cdng vi§c dn dinh han Id mpt efing viee chi mang tinh chdt tgm thdi hay miia vu d Nguyen nhdn tham gia vdo hogt dpng bdn hdng rong Tim hifiu vfi nguyen nhdn cua vipc tham gia vao hogt dpng kinh te phi chinh thiic la mpt nhiing myc tieu quan trpng ciia eupe dieu tra cho nfin nhiing eau hdi lien quan dd xudt hipn hai ldn bang hdi khdo sat* Trong phan tim hifiu ve "ddc diem h§ san xuat kinh doanh", khong tim ducrc mpt edng vipc ldm eong dn lucmg mpt doanh nghipp (34,5%) va di dugc kinh doanh dpe Igp (23,6%) Id nhihig ly dupe nhieu ngudi bdn hdng rong lya ehpn hon cd (bifiu dfi 2) Cdn phan hdi vfi "nhung khd khdn va trien vpng" ciia nghe nghipp thi da phdn ngudi bdn hdng rong (72,7%) trd ldi nguyen nhan ehinh khifin hp tham gia vdo hogt dfing bdn hdng rong bfii Id nghi md hp biit (bieu dfi 3) Nhu vdy, mpt ehimg mye ndo cd the hieu rdng, vipc tham gia vdo hoat d$ng bdn hdng rong (khu vyc kinh tfi phi chinh thiie) cd nguyfin nhan tir vifc eac doanh nghipp (khu vyc kinh tfi chinh thiie) khfing ed kha ndng tgo dii vipc tdm phu hpp vdi nhihig ngudi lao dpng ndy Ben eanh dd, d§c diem don gidn, de thyc hipn ciia nghfi ban hdng rong va sy dpc tgp efing vipc td nhOng ylu td khuyfin khich ngudi ta lya chpn nghe nghifp ndy thay vi nhihig nghe nghipp khde khu vyc kinh tfi phi ehinh thiic Bilu d6 2: Ly tham gia vdo nghi bdn hing rong - Trong phan: D^c £em cda hp sdn xuat kinh doanh Dan Vf: % Bilu nh 3: NguySn nhdn chinh lifa chifD nghe bdn hing rong - Trong phan: Khd khdn vd trien vpng Dan vi: % so 72.7 70 ^ H 60 ^H ^H ^H ^H 50 40 30 20 10 ^^1 " • ^ ^ s M ^•^^^^"^^ •Vl khAog bm Aroc cAngvitc l»m ctng 3n k/cmg dowA nghitfi •Tru^ttd hoat dfing ban hang rong ciia minh Cdng vipc hang rong hdu nhu khfing lifin quan dfin cac ea quan nha nudc, phdn ton nguoi bdn hang rong cho rang hp khfing cd liSn he gi voi ede nhan vien nha nudc 12 thdng qua thyc hipn cong vipc (92,7%) b Di chuyen thu&ng xuyen ' Nhiing ngudi ban hdng rong la nh&ng ngudi bdn hoa qud, ban hoa, ban rau, ban ggo, bdn xdi, ban banh my, thp siia khda, dfing ndt, v.v vd su di chuyen thuong xuyen cua nhiing ngudi ndy tren duong phfi ehinh Id dde diem ca bdn dfi phdn bifit hp - hdng rong vdi cdc hogt dpng "kinh t^ via hfi" hay "kinh tfi duong phfi" khde Cd 72,7% ngudi ban hang rong di bdn dgo khdp nai - co nghTa td ed miie dp di chuyfin lien tyc dfi bufin bdn, 16,4% ngudi bdn hang rong cd mpt dia diim khong eS dinh tren li duang, he phd - miie dp di ehuyen it han hp xdc djnh dupe mpt sfi vi tri khong gian trfin dudng phfi de budn bdn, 10,9% ngudi bdn hdng rong di bdn tgi nhd khdch hang - sy di chuyfin ed myc tifiu cy thfi hp dd xdc djnh dupe nhimg khdch hdng thufing xuyfin Gidi thich vfi dia difim kinh doanh cua minh, de ddng kinh doanh han la ty dupe nhifiu ngudi ban hang rong lya ehpn hon cd (41,8%), tiep dfin td nghfi nghiep eua hp khong cdn phdi eo dia diim (36,4%), khong eo tien thue hay mua dia diim (16,4 %), khong tim duge dia diim thieh hgp de kinh doanh (5,5%) Nhu vay, sy di chuyfin thudng xuyen chinh Id dde trung cua hoat dpng bdn hdng rong nhdm de ddng eho viee kinh doanh hon td bupc phdi di chuyfin vi thifiu dia difim cfi dinh dfi kinh doanh c So gi& Idm vipe eao Theo cdc quy djnh cua Bp ludt Iao dpng ndm 2007 vd 2012 thi thdi gian lam vipc mpt tuan dupe quy djnh ddi voi ngudi lao dpng Id khdng qua 48h, khuyen khich Idm vipe 40h/ tuan Thye te, theo quy djnh thi cdc ca quan nha nudc dd dp dyng thdi gian ldm vipc 40h/tudn tuc Id 160h/thang, eac dan vj khae thi tiiy thupc vdo chu lao dOng nhung khdng qua 48h/tudn, tucmg iing voi 192h/thang Nfiu thii so sanh vdi quy djnh kfi trfin thi ta thdy da phdn ngudi ban hang rong cd thdi gian tdm vipc cao Cy thfi Id 47,3% ngudi bdn hdng rong cd sd gid lam viec tir 193h/thang trd ten, 23,6% nguoi bdn hdng rong cd s6 gid tdm vipc tir 161 - 192h/thang va 29,1% ngudi bdn hdng rong cd so gid tdm v i ^ tir 160h trd xuong 56 Nhgn dien hogt dgng bdn hdng rong a Hd Ngi d Chd dfng tim liiem lihdch hdng vd gia cd thoa thudn Khach hang chinh cua nguoi ban hang rong ta ddn cu (70,9%), cdn iai 0191 ti 1$ nli6 Idiach iiang la hg sdn xudt hnh doanh Ihuang mgi (21,8%) va hg sdn xudt kinh doanh p thuang mgi (7,3%) Chti dpng tim kiem khach liang la mpt dac diem can piiai nliSc den ciia hogt dpng iian iiang rong boi chinh nhij tinh cliat luu dpng, ngucri ban hang rong co th€ di chuyen khdp noi de tim kiem khach hang Chti dgng tim kiem khdch hdng la cliien luprc dupe nhieu ngucri ban hang rong lira chpn hon ca (69,1%) so voi cac chien Iupc khic^ vi|c thu hiit kiiach hang Khong chi dem Igi s\r thugn tien vi?c tiep can hang hoa, hinh thiic thuong mgi niy dem lgi su chii dpng cho kiiach h ^ g viSc djnh gia san pliam hay djch vy Pbkn 16n nguoi ban hangrongcho biet gia san pham, djch vu cua hp ph\i thupc v^ sir thda thugn vdi khdeh hdng (61,8%) Con lgi chiem ti 1? tliip hon la hinh thirc cgng Ihm vdo ti l^ phdn Irdm eo d\nh tren gid Ihdnh cita lieng logi sdn phdm (20%), hay gia lian thugc vdo gid bdn cua ddi thu cgnh Iranh (5,5%), Iheo gid chinh thirc (3,6%), khae (9,1 % e Xuat xtr bang hda nudc, khdngbacb toan' va kbaaSng tiing doanb tbu tbip Tat ca nguoi ban hang rong deu kinh doanh cac san pham co xuit xu nuoc Nha cung cSp chinh ciia hp chu ylu la cac hg sdn xudt Unh doanh hogt dgng Ihuang mgi (65,5%), tiep d6 la ddn cu (27,3%) va lgi mpt ti Ip rit nho la hg sdn xudl kinh doanh hogt dgngphi Ihuang mgi (5,5%), khu vue nhd nude vd mgl phdn thugc nha nudc (1,8% Hogt dOng hgch toan khong dupe nhiiu ngudi ban hang rong quan tam, chii y Bang chiing la da phan hp khdng co sS ghi ehep (72,7%), djnh miic hang h6a hay djch vy cua ngucri ban hang rong phan Icjn phy thu^c theo miic edu du tinh cila hp (56,4%) Co the n6i itog kha nSng tSng doanh thu cua hogt dpng ban hang rong khong cao, boi 69,1% nguoi b&i hang rong cho ring vcri die diSm cua nghi rong (vcri djc diim trang thiit bj hi?n co) khong thi co them doanh thu, 30,9% ngucri ban hangrongcho ring co thi tang them doanh thu va miic tang chu yiu chi khoang - 20% doanh thu hipn tgi / Cong vifc khong cd bdo hiim y ti vd tdo hiem xa hpi Bdo hiim yti Cdng vi^c ban hang rong cung nhu cac c6ng vifc khae khu vyc kinh ti phi chinh thilc co djc diim la khong thupc ddi tupng tham gia bio hiim y ti bat bupc ciia bJo hiem xa hpi Vift Nam* Nhihig ngudi ban hang rong, vgy, niu mudn co dupe bao hiim y te hp phai tham gia theo dang tu nguypn Kit qu4 khao sat cho thiy, khdng ki nhihig ngudi bin hang rong thupc hd ngheo va trudng hpp ngudi vi huu (7,3%) dupe hudng bio hiem y te bat bupc thi toan bd ngudi ban hang rong diu khdng tham gia loai bao hiim y te nr nguyan ciia bao hiem xa hpi Vipt Nam Nhiiu ly di gidi thich vipc khdng tham gia ' sisi'fdtgLtdotiSnT "• ^"''''" ""^ •""""'"' ^^^ ' "^ "^ Nguyen Tudn Minh 57 logi bdo tiilm y tfi tu nguyan ndy, nhifin tdt cd cdc ty dupe dua dfiu dudi 50% ngudi ban hang rong dong y (xem bdng J) Do vgy, cho dii ty "Chi phi qud cao" cd ti nguoi ddng y cao hon ed (41,2%) so vdi nhung ly khae nhung khd dfi ed th^ kfit ludn dd Id ly eo bdn nhat khi^n nguoi bdn tiang rong khdng tham gia bdo hiem y tfi ty nguypn Ddi voi bao Iiifim y tfi ciia cac cdng ty bao hifim khae eiing Ididng ed nguoi bdn hang rong ndo tham gia BAngl: Ti 1$ phdn trSm ngirfri bin hkng rong cho ring dilu n£u duiii dSy U 1^ h9 chua c6 th£ bdo hilm y tl L^do % Chi phi qui cao 41,2 Kiidng cd t^c dung gl (ciii piii cliilni s6c y ti qua vi$c sii dyng thi y ti kli6ng gi&m) 27,5 M$t so cliam s6c y te iio$c dieu tri kiidng dugc Iwi iiota 23,5 Tdi Ididng ttiupc d6i tugng nen ididng tiie tiep c$ii de mua 21,6 Tiiu tyc quA piiiic t^p 9,8 Kiidng biet dang ky mua th^ nilo 17,6 Tdi khde, khdng g$p van de gi ve sue khde 2i,6 Tdi (ho9c gia dinh tdi) cd th^ chi tri bat ky khota chi phi y t^ khdng mong dcri ndo 17,6 Tdi mu6n ty minh iya chpn htx sT cQng nhu benh vien de kham chQa benh 23,5 Loai hlnh khic c6 nhi^u igi ich hem V$ khde 2,0 Bpo hiem hieu tri Cung giong nhu bdo hiem y te bdt bupc cua bdo hiem xd hpi Vipt Nam, bdo hiem huu tri ciing khdng ddnh cho nhihig cd nhdn ldm cong vipc bdn hang rong bfii hp khdng thupc doi tupng tham gia bdo Iiifim huu tri bdt bupc^, nen ngudi bdn hang rong chi ed thfi tham gia vdo logi bdo hiem huu tri ty nguypn'** Ket qua khao sdt cho thdy, ngoai trir truing hpp ngudi bdn hdng rong ed logi bdo hifim huu tri bat bupc hp la nhihig ngudi v^ him tham gia vao cdng vipc ban rong (1,8%), thi cdn lai tat cd ngufii ban hdng rong deu khdng tham gia l>ao hifim huu tri ty nguypn Giai thich cho ly khdng tham gia bao hifim huu tri ty nguypn, khde vdi bdo hifim y tfi ty nguypn, ly ca bdn d day dupe xdc djnh rd dd Id thifiu thong tin, 59,3% ngudi bdn tiang rong cho biet hp "khong biit vi logi bao hiim hint tri ndy " (bieu d6 4) ' Xem Dieu cua Lu4t B4o hi^m xS h^i, s6 71/2006/QHl ngiy 29 thdng nam 2006 cua Qu6c h0i nudc c^ng hda xd hpi chu nghTa Vi^l Nam '" Xem Dieu 69 ciia Ludl Bdo hilm x5 h^i, s6 71/2006/QHl I ngdy 29 thdng nam 2006 cda Qu6c hOi nudc c$ng h6a xS h$i chd nghTa Vi^t Nam 58 Nhgn dipn hogt dpng bdn hdng rong a Hd Npi Bilu 4: L^ kh&ng tham gia bio hiem huu tri ty nguyfn Dan Vf: % • C t v a nghe ndi v4 IOQI bdo ni^m huu tn \\j nguyinndy • ^ h n a muAn tham gia •Khfing CO fliAu ki^n tham gia 33 Ho^t dpng ban bang rong va nbung aab hudng ctia boi canb kinb te - xa bpt a Khiing hodng kinh te Thfii diem cupc difiu tra ndy dien la cudi nam 2009 eiing la thdi diem Vipt Nam dang etiiu anh hudng tir cupc khiing hodng kinh te the gidi dd dien tir ndm 2008, thj trudng xuat khau ldn bi dnh hufing, sue mua nude gidm, thi trudng bat dpng sdn "ddng bdng" v.v dd khien nen kinh te tdng trudng chgm Khung hodng kinh tfi dd khien vipc tdm khu vyc kinh tfi phi chinh thdc tai Ha Nfii gia tang (Jean-Pierre Cting va epng sy, 2010), difiu ndy dfing ngtiia vfii vipc miic cgnh tranh Ichu vyc ciing gia tdng Thgt vgy, ti Ip ngudi bdn hdng rong cho rang miic cgnh tranh eiia cdc doi thu cgnh tranh chinh ldng len (50,9%) ctiiem ti I? cao nhdt, tifip dfin Id khong ddi (41,8%), khong co ddi thu cgnh tranh (5,5%) vd gidm di (1,8%) Mirc cgnh tranh tdng ten nhung nhin chung, nd lai khdng lam dnh hudng nhifiu den thoi gian ldm vipc, s6 tupng khdch hang eung nhu lai nhugn ciia hoat dpng ban hang rong Bdng chiing la cd dfin 80% ngudi ban hdng rong eho rdng so vdi ndm trudc, sfi gid tdm vi^c moi tudn Id khong ddi, ehi 10,9% cho rdng sfi gid ldm vipc tdng vd 9,1% cho rdng gidm Sfi tupng khdch hang nam vira qua khong ddi eiing td phucmg an dupe nhieu ngudi bdn hdng rong lya chpn han cd (43,6%) so vfii eac phuong an tdng (27,3%) ho^c gidm (29,1%) sd lupng khdch hdng Lifin quan den lpi nhuan, ngudi ban hdng rong cho rdng lpi nhugn tdng hay gidm phy thu^c vdo sdn lugng bdn ra", di^u cho thay hdng rong "dn ve so lupng" hay "lay cfing iam ldi" tire Id sd luang sfi quyfit dinh Ipi nhuan Giii thich cho vi?c lpi nhu§n tCr ho^it d^ng bdn h^g rong tSng: 62,5% ngudi bin hing rong da cho rSng son lupng bdn ldng, 12,5% ngudi b4n hing ron^ cho rang ldi trin timg sdn phdm tdng vS 25% cho rSng cd sdn lupng vd ldi trin tung sdn phdm deu tdng Tuong ttf, cdc ly khi^n lpi nhujn giim 45,5% nguin bin hing rong cho ring lupng bdn gidm, 18,2% cho ring ldi irin tung sdn phdm gidm, 36,4% cho rang cd sdn lupng bdn vd ldi tren timg sdn phdm deu gidm Nguyen Tuan Minh 59 nhieu hay it thay vi gid ed Lipu ddy ed phdi td chien lupe, dge diem giiip logi hinh thuang mai ndy cd thfi giii dupe su 6n dinh tiay ung phd dupe vdi nhihig tinh huong khd khdn khiing hodng kinh tfi? Kfit qud khdo sat cho ttidy 65,5% ngudi bdn hdng rong cho rdng lpi nhuan eiia hp giir d miic dn dinh so vdi 12 ttidng trude thfii difim difiu tra, 20% eho rdng lpi nhuan gidm va 14,5% cho rdng lpi nhugn tdng b Quy dinh cam bdn hdng rong Theo ede quy dinh ciia chinh phii Vipt Nam thi ngufii bdn hdng rong khdng phdi dang ky kinh doanh nhung hogt dpng thuong mai eua hp phdi tudn thii theo quy dinh ciia ctiinh quyfin noi hp hogt dpng, ey thfi trudng hop d Ha Npi, vdn bdn cd lien quan tryc tiep dfin hogt dpng l)an hang rong Id "C?uy djnh ve Qudn ly hogt dpng ban hdng rong trfin dia bdn Thdnh Hd Npi" Quyfit djnh sfi 46/2009/QD-UBND 15 thdng ndm 2009 cua Uy ban nhan dan Thanh phd Ha Npi (UBND TP HN) Vdn ban dp dung doi vdi cdc hanh vi bdn hang rong va trach nhipm cua cdc co quan qudn ly Nhd nufirc thdnh Ha Npi doi voi hogt dpng ban tidng rong trfin mpt so khu vuc thupc dia ban ttidnh Hd Npi Thdi difim xuat hifin eua vdn bdn ndy da nfi rdt nhifiu y kiln tranh lugn trfin cdc phuong tipn truyen thfing dgi ehiing vfi tinh khd thi ciia nd doi vfii hogt dpng cua nhOng ngudi bdn hdng rong d thi, dde biet la quy dinh cam bdn hang d nhifiu tuyen vd khu vue Cd le chinh vi dieu dd ma cupc difiu tra ndy ngudi ta dd ddt nhieu cau hdi tien quan dfin quy djnh tren Vd kha bat ngd ket qud khdo sdt eho thdy ti 1? ngufii bdn hdng rong trd Idi khdng bi dnh hudng bfii lenh edm bdn hdng rong (54,5%) eao hon ti eho rdng ed bi dnh hudng (45,5%) Cd dfin 87,3% ngudi bdn hdng rong eho rang, doi vdi ndi chung,.tpnh cam ban hang rong la vi su tien bp Vay phdi chdng ngufii bdn hdng rong iuig hp quy djnh ndy eua phd va hp cd nhOng chien Iupc thich irng tdt vdi hoan canh moi? Trong sd nhimg ngudi bdn hang rong bi anh hudng, da phan hp khdng phdi dimg hoat dpng kinh doanh (84%), cung nhu ttiay dfii hoat dpng kinh doanh (84%) Anh hudng ton nhat doi vdi nguoi ban hdng rong chinh la dja difim bdn hang, ed din 72% ngudi bdn hdng rong dd phdi thay doi dia difim ban hang 3.4 Kho khdn vd trien vgng cua hogt dpng bdn hdng rong u Khd khdn Khd khdn nhdt E)fi tim hifiu vfi khd khdn cua cde co sd sdn xual kinh doanh ca thfi ndi chung (trong dd cd ngudi ban hdng rong), bdng hdi dieu tra da lipt ke nhieu van de lifin quan den hogt dpng nghe nghidp vdi cac miic dp khd khdn la khong, doi chiit, tuang ddi, ddng ki, rdt nghiem trpng Ti phan trdm ngudi ban hang rong trd ldi rdng "khfing ed khd klidn" lien quan dfin cac vdn dfi nhu sau: cung img hdng hoa (83,6%), trang thiit bf (92,7%), tiip cgn ngudn von vay (89,1%), quay vdng lien mgt (81,8%), chinh sdeh vTmo (Igmphdt, tigid hd dodi) (87,3%) NhOng ket qua khfing qud bat ngd vi nhu chiing ta dd bifit, hogt dpng bdn Iidng rong la hogt dpng kinh doanh nhd, da dang vfi hdng hda/dich vy, khdng ddi hdi nhieu von, nhifiu trang thifit bi cung nhu khdng bi dnh hudng nhifiu bdi bdi cdnh x3 hpi Tuy nhifin, lgi kha bat ngd voi nhihig ti "khdng cd khd khdn" lien quan dfin vdn de khong gian 60 Nhgn difn hogt dgng bdn hdng rong d Ha Ngi hay vi tri kinh doanh (69,1%) ma tucmg chimg quy djnh cua UBND Ha Npi cSm ban hang tren nhiSu tuyto ph5 se gay i^ nhi^u kh6 khan cho ngucri bin htag n)ng Tuong ty, lam viec ngoai ti^, thoi gian lam viec cao, tiSp xiic v6i nhieu doi tu(;mg, ngum ban hang long co nguy co cao phai d6i mat vcri nhOng van di tgi phgm, trgm cdp vd mat trgt tu, nhien, 87,3% nguoi ban hang rong cho iJng hp khong co kho khan lien quan d6n nhttng vjn di Hay nhu 81,8% nguoi ban hang rong cho ring hp khong co kho khan lien quan dSn vjn d6 vgn chuyin hdng hoa ma th\rc tl khong it nguoi ban htag rong luon phai di chuyfa nhttng ch^g duong dai, vcri m^t khai lui?ng hang h6a ldn, phai ch?y cong an cimg v6i hang hoa, v.v E)6i voi lieu Ihti sdn phdm, bang hoi khao sat da chia la hai vii dS lien quan lii it khdch hdng quan tdm din sdn phdm va phdi cgnh tranh qud nhiiu, ti 1? ngucri ban hing rong tra loi khong gap phai nhOng kho khan lin lugt \i 61,8% vi 45,5%, c4c ti 1? niy thip hem cdc via di khae a tten nhimg van chiim ti 1$ cao nhStttongcac lua chpn lien quan den miic dp kho khan Nhu vjy, xet timg vjn di co lien quan cua hoat dpng ban hang rong mpt c4ch rieng rS thi nhin chung ngucri ban hang rong khong g?ip phai kho khan ttong c6ng vi?c Tuy nhien so sanh nhttng kho khan vdi di tim hiSu vi kho khSn 16n nhat thi kit qua khao sit cho chung ta thiy ring "kho khdn lieu Ihu sdn phdm "la phucmg in dupe nhilu nguoi ban hang rong lira chpn hom ca (38,2%) ttong bao gom ca nguyen nhan: phai cgnh tranh qud nhiiu (25,5%) va il khdeh hang quan tdm den san phim (12,7%) cao hem ci ti 1? nhttng ngudi bin hang rong khong c6 bit cu khd khin gi (30,9%), cdn lai ti 1$ nhd nim rii ric ttong eac khd khan khic (bang 2) Bing 2: Khd khfin Idrn nh&t ho^t d$ng bin h&ng rong Danvi: % Kh6 khin NbUng ngudi khong co bdt cti kho khan gi % 30.9 Cung img nguy£n v$t li^u (So lupng ho^c chit lucmg) 1,8 Ti£u th\i sin phim (it khich hing quan tim din san phim) 12,7 Tieu thy sin phim (phii canh tianh qui nhiiu) 25,5 Tii chinh (khd tiip c$n nguin vay) 1.8 Tii chfnh (quay v6ng tiin m^t) 7,3 Thiiu khdng gian, v) trf SXKD phii h ^ i ^•^ H V^ chuyen hing hda 9,1 11 Chinh sich vi vd (lam phit, ty gii hii doii) 3,6 Khic 1.8 Ting 100,0 Nguyen Tudn Minh 61 Nhu vgy, cd the ndi rdng hogt ddng bdn hdng rong khfing phai hoan todn td thudn lpi ma nd ciing gdp phdi khd khdn van dfi tieu thy sdn phdm, nhifin ciing can phdi hieu dd ludn Id van dfi thudng true va Id mpt nhiing khau quan trpng nhat quyfit dinh sy thdnh bgi ddi vdi mpi hoat dpng thuang mgi ndi chung Mong muon ho trg de gidi quyit kho khdn Duong nhu tuong iing vfii thue tien khdng cd nhifiu khd khdn hoat dpng nghe nghiep nen vfi ca ban ngudi ban hang rong khdng can dfin nhifiu sy ho trp cdng vipc Cy thfi, phan Ion nhflng ngudi ban hang rong khong ed bdt cir mong mudn hd trg gi (61,8%) Trong sfi nhflng ngudi ban hang rong gdp phdi khd khdn efing vipe (mpt hay nhieu Ichd khdn) thi khdng cd can sy hd trp v^ ddo tgo hy thugt, dao tgo vi td chiec vd ki todn, tiip cgn mdy mde hipn dgi, qudng edo sdn phdm, mfit ti nhd vd khfing qud bdn so dd can su ho tro vfi eung ung ddu vdo (7,9%), tiip egn cdc ngudn vay (26,3%), tiip can ede thong tin ve thi truang (26,3%), tiip can eac dan dgt hdng ldn (42,1%), ddng ky kinh doanh (2,6%) Khi so sdnh nhflng sy ho trp vfii dfi tim hifiu su ho trp ndo md nguoi ban hdng rong edn nhdt, kfit qua eho thdy thdy tiip cgn ede dan dgt hdng ldn Id mong mufin cd ti I? ngudi ban hang rong lya ehpn cao hon ed vdi ti 1? 21,8% (bdng 3) Ket qud ndy phii hpp vdi vdn dfi khd khdn nhdt ciia ngudi bdn hang rong hipn Id tifiu thy sdn phdm Bang 3: Sy ho trif c^n thiet nhit ho^t d$ng bin hing rong Dan vj: % % Ndi dung Nhiing nguai khong co bdt cii mong muon ho tragi 61.8 Dao tao k^ thu(it Dio tao vi t i chirc v i ki toin Hi tro cung img dau vio 1,8 Tiep can vdi miy mdc hi^n dai 1,8 Tiip can cic nguin vay 9.1 Tiip c$n cic nguin thdng tin ve thj tnrdng 1.8 Tiip c§n cic don d$t hing ldn 21,8 Ding ky kinh doanh Quing c i o cho cic san pham mdi Khic Tong 1.8 * 100,0 62 Nhdn di4n hogt dgng bdn hdng rong dHd Ngi b Triin vgng Vdi 89,1% ngudi bin hang rong cho bilt edng vi^c cua hp mang tinh chit thudng xuyen, cimg vdi die dilm tham nien nghi nghi?p nhu da tnnh biy d tten, cing cd them CO sd dl nhjn dinh vl tinh chit dn dinh ttong cdng vitc bin hang rong chu khong phii li tam thdi hay miia vy Tuy nhien, da phin ngudi ban hing rong l^ii khdng l?c quan vl triln vpng nghi nghidp cua hp Bing chimg li 80% ngudi bin hang rong cho ring nghi nghifp hp khdng cc tuong lai vi cd din 94,5% ngudi bin hing rong khdng mudn cii tiep tyc bin hing rong cho dil chiing mudn Lim vi?c hudng luong va ttong mdi trudng chinh thuc van la mong mudn cua nhttng ngudi bin hing rong mi phan Idn hp cd mong mudn cii lim vi?c ttong doanh nghidp nhd nuac (57,7%), tiep den li doanh nghidp tu nhdn (25%), doanh nghiep co vdn ddu lu nuac ngodi (15,4%), sdn xudt nong nghifp chi chilm ti le lit nhd (1,9%) Mpt gii dinh d| dupe dua cupc dilu tra vl trudng hpp miic cau giim doi vdi boat dpng kinh doanh, kit qua khio sat da cho thay cie chiln Iupc phd bien nhit ngudi bin hang rong lua chpn lan lupt li; lim mgl cong vifc khde (43,6%), gidm tgi nhugn (23,6%); da dgng hoa cde ngdnh nghe (18,2%) Thay cho Idi ket Ngudi bin hing rong ttong nghien ciru da phin li rio, dinh cu lau nim d Ha Npi, trinh dp hpc vin thap, dp tudi trung nien vi timg cd nhilu nim hoat ddng bin htag rong Hp den vdi hang rong bdi li vipc hp cd the lim, dieu dd eung cd nghia Ii khong cd lua chpn nio khic tdt hem hoin cinh cua hp Tuy rang nhung ngudi bin hing rong phii lim vipc nhilu thdi gian, cd nhttng khd khan nhat djnh, die bipt la vi?c tieu th\i san phim su canh ttanh ngiy cing nhilu nhung nhin chung hoat dpng bin hing rong ed nhieu thu|in Ipi hon nhu: ngudi ta de dtag ed the tham gia cdng vipc niy mi khdng cin phai qua dio tao, cdng vipc cd tinh dpc I?p vi de ding thich iing vdi nhiing inh hudng eiia mdi trudng xa h§i Nhttng ngudi ban hing rong chua tilp c?n dupe bio hilm y tl vi bao hilm xa h^i, cd hai nguyen nhan ehu yeu cin phii quan tim Ii viec thdng tin tuyen miyln edn han che vi cd the muc ddng phi cdn cao ddi vdi hp Mac dil nghe bin hang rong da giup cho nhilu ngudi cd vipc lam, cd thu nhjp dn djnh mpt thdi gian dai, nhien nd lai bj danh gii thip hem so vdi nhttng nghe nghipp khae xi hpi Vdi phjm vi cua mdt bii vilt ehii ylu ehi dtfattSnnhttng dtt lieu djnh lupng, thong ke md ti don gian, khdng di sau vao 1^ giii va binh luan, vay hin s5 cd nhttng vin dl khien ngudi dpc cdn chua thda mSn, tic gii hy vpng diy s6 li nhttng gpi md dl b?n dpc tiep tye tim hilu va nghien ciiu vl chu dl cd tinh cip thilt Nguyen Tudn Minh 63 Tdi li^u tham khao Jean-Pierre Cling, Mireille Razafindrakoto, Fran9ois Roubaud 2009 Thi trudng lao dgng, khu vuc khong chinh thdc vd diiu kiin song hp gia dinh tgi Viit Nam Tmy c$p tii: http://www.tamdaoconf.com/tamdao/wp-conlent/uploads/downloads/2010/08/Tani-Dao-2009VN-SP4-Cling-Razafindrakoto-Roubaud.pdf, truy cSp ng^y 22/9/2011 Jean-Pierre Cling, Stephane L^gr6e, Mireille Razafindrakoto et Fran9ois Roubaud 2012./T/n/i/^/7/ii C/IM/I//nh: (7 cdc nudc dang phdt triin.'HxhTnth.iicvkYi^n Hin lam Khoa hpc xah^i ViftNam H i Npi L% Dang Doanh, Nguyin Minh Tii 1997 Khu v\rc kinh li phi chinh Ihuc, Mpt so kinh nghiim qudc ti vd thfc tiin Viit Nam irong qud trinh chuyin doi kinh te Nxb Chinh trj qu6c gia H i NOi Tran Thj Minh Dure & Biii Thj Hong Th&i 2010 Vdn de nguai bdn hdng rong trin cdc dudng phd Hd Npi C9p tir: Truy http://www.cpv.org.vn/cpv/Modules/News/NewsDetail.aspx?co_id=28340652&cn_id=42742, truy c$p ngiy 22/9/2011 VS Ldm 2009 Cong tdc ddn tpc d Hd Ngi: Tgp irung nguon lifc, nit ngdn khodng cdch Truy c^p tii: http://www.baomoi.com/Cong-tac-dan-toc-o-Ha-Noi-Tap-trung-nguon-luc-rut-ngan-khoangcach/122/3545027.epi, truy c | p ngiy 25/7/2013 Nghj djnh s6 39/2007/ND-CP ngiy 16 thing nim 2007 ciia Chinh phu ve "Hogt dpng ihuang mgi mpt cdch dpc Igp thudng xuyen khong phai ddng ky kinh doanh " Nguyin Ngpe Tiln 2012 Di dgc Hd Ngi Nxb Thdi djii Hi N$i Nguyin Ngpe Tiln 2014 Hdng rong d Hd Ngi xua vd Truy c§p ttr: http://hanoimoi.com.vn/Tintuc/Phong-su-Ky-su/674488/hang-rong-o-ha-noi-xua-va-nay, truy c^p ngiy 4/8/2014 Nguyin Quang Thieu 2008 Cam bdn hdng rong phip Iru khong dan gian Truy cap tir: http://tuanvietnam.vietnamnet.vn/cam-ban-hang-rong-phep-tru-khong-don-gian, truy c§p ngiy 13/10/2011 Quylt djnh s6 46/2009/QD-UBND cua Uy ban nhan dan thinh ph6 H i N^i, ngiy 15/1/2009 v l vi^c "Ban hdnh Quy dfnh vi qudn ly hogt dgng bdn hdng rong irin dja bdn thdnh Hd Ngi" Regina Abrami, 1997 Kinh te ndng thon - m$t s6 ghi nh^n ve nhihig moi quan h? x3 hpi v i nghi£n cihi x3 hpi hpc ve nhttng ngudi lao dpng v i buon t>in rong t^i H i Npi Tgp chi Xd hpi hpc s6 (60), 1997, 55-69 Rolf Jensen v i Donald M.Peppard JR 2001 Ngudi bin hing rong is H i N$i - m$t cdi nhin ve khu v\ic phi chinh th^c thinh ph6 Tgp chiXd hpi hgc s6 (76), 2001, 36-45 Rolf Jensen, Donald M Peppard Jr., VQ Thj Minh Thdng 2009 Di cu "tudn hodn" cdaphv nira Vipt Nam: mgl nghiin cuu vi ngudi bdn hdng rong tai Hd Npi Tgp chi Xd hpi hpc so (106), 2009, trang 59-71 T6ng cyc Th6ng kS, Vifn Nghien ciiu Phit triln Phip Ngin h i n g i h l gidi 2009 Bdng hoi dieu tra vd tdi lipu hudng ddn dieu tra ca sd sdn xudl kinh doanh cd ihi vd khu v\rc kinh te phi chinh thuc n i m 2009 Tong cyc th6ng kfi, Vifn Nehien ciiu phit trien Phip 2010 Sv ndng dpng cua khu vyrc phi chinh thuc d Hd Npi vd thdnh H6 Chi Minh giai dogn 2007 - 2009 Dif dn TCTK/IRD-DI A L Vifn Nghien ciiu rau q u i 2013 Bdo cdo kit qud nghien cuu vi hogt dpng bdn rong rau, qud trin dia bdn Hd Npi ... 2: Ly tham gia vdo nghi bdn hing rong - Trong phan: D^c £em cda hp sdn xuat kinh doanh Dan Vf: % Bilu nh 3: NguySn nhdn chinh lifa chifD nghe bdn hing rong - Trong phan: Khd khdn vd trien vpng... bdn hdng rong deu ty tdm chit vd thye hipn todn t>d hoat dfing ban hang rong ciia minh Cdng vipc hang rong hdu nhu khfing lifin quan dfin cac ea quan nha nudc, phdn ton nguoi bdn hang rong cho... ban hang rong khong cao, boi 69,1% nguoi b&i hang rong cho ring vcri die diSm cua nghi rong (vcri djc diim trang thiit bj hi?n co) khong thi co them doanh thu, 30,9% ngucri ban hangrongcho ring
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