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m MOTSOLYTHUYETXAHplHOC ' TRONG NGHIEN CUfil BIEN DOI CO CAU XA HOI - NGHE NGHIEP nghi ndy sang nghe khdc, tu nghi gian don din • TS PHAM MINH ANH nghi cd ylu cau trinh dg chuyen mdn, ky thudt Vien Xd hoi hoc Hoc vien Chinh tri qudc gia Ho Chi Minh cao hoac td nghi don sang nghi kit hpp Nd cimg cd thi la sy thay ddi ttong timg nganh hudng din sy phu hgp vdi thi trudng lao dOng rong mOt xd hdi chuyen ddi nhu d Viet Cd nMlu cdeh tilp can, ly thuylt khdc Nam Mgn nay, ngMen cuu co cdu xa hpi dl ngMIn cdu, phdnti'chvl co cau xa hgi - nghe ngMgp, su biln ddi co cdu xd hgi nghi ngMgp Tuy nMen, mgt sd ly thuylt xa hgi - nghi ngMgp Id cMa khda dl ndm bdt dupe hpe sau day dupe cho la phu hop Mil ngMen qud trinh dich chuyin co cau Mnh tl, ca cdu lao cdu ve CO cau xahOi - nghi ngMep ddng, viec lam dl tii dd dl xuat cde giai phdp Ly thuyet doan ket xa hfii vd phdn cdng thue day xa hdi phdt trien theo hudng ndng lao dong cua E.Durkheim dgng, tiin bO, phu hpp, ddng thdi hda gidi E.Durkheim (1858-1917) Id nhd xd hdi hgc nhiing xu hudng xa edng, thoai bd, bdt dn, ngudi Phdp Ong Id mdtttongnhung ngudi ddt thdm cM Id ca nguy co dd vd xa hOl nen mdng cho tnrong phdi chde nang luan va Bien ddi co cau xa bdi la sy thay ddi timg cau true luanttongxa hgi hge Men dai Cdng budc cua ca cdu xd hdi vl phan, quy md, trinh luan an tiin si Nghien ciiu vi tdchm: cua vaittdvd mdi Uen he giiia cdc ylu t.6 timg cac xa hdi tidn tien cua dng sau dugc xudt phan hg ca cdu xd hdi ban thdnh sdeh vditieude Phin cdng lao ddng Biln ddi co cdu xd hgi - nghi ngMep la tiong xa hdi (1893) Trong cudn sach nay, nhiing biln ddi vl kit cdu va hinh thuc td chdc E.Diirkheim da ngMen ciiu su phan edng lao ben ttong cua mdi hg thdng ngdnh nghe nhdt ddng theo edch tilp can xd hgi hgc Ong da cM dinh, dugc bilu Mgn bdng sy biln ddi cda cac ehuc nang doan kit xd hOi cda su phdn cdng mdi quan hg giiia cdc ngdnh n^e, cdc Mlu loai lao dOng Theo dd, sy phan cdng lao dOng thi nghi Sy biln ddi cd thi Id sutiiayddi tii Men d su chuyen mdn hda edng vigc, chuyen T LfLUAN CHfNHTR|-So11/2015 IBL QUdCTf mdn hda cdc chdc nang, nMem vu lao ddng vd qua su phan cdng lao ddng tiic la sy chuyen san pham lao dgng, da ludn tao sy khdc bigt mdn hda chdc ndng, nMem vy'^' xahgi CM cd dilu, nhung khdc biet khdng E.Dmkheim cM rdng sy phdn cdng lao nhiing Midng loai trii ma cdn bo sung cho ddi^ tyle thuan vdi quymdvd mat ddxahOi- Su Nhd vdy, syphan cdng lao ddng cd chiic phdn cdng lao dpng cang tinh vi, chuygn mon nang xd hdi Id taorasu dodn kit xa hpi'", tao hda chde nang xd hdi cang cao tM cdc ca nhan, suttatty, dn dinh va hOi nhap xd bdi Cu thi la, cdc nhdm xd hOi cdng tuong tdc chat che vm ttong qud trinh ciing lao dpng, cdc cd vd cdng phu thupe ldn Kit qua la sy nhdn phai hpp tdcttenco sd cua sy phdn cdng phan cdnglao dgr^ttongxdhdi thyc Men chdc mdi ngudi mOt vigc, vdy phai "doan kit" vdi nang tao su doan kit xd hpi va eiing cd tinh chu ylu Id vi chde ndng xd hdi,tiicId phai tiian dodn kit xd hdi, nditiieongdn ngu khoa gdn bd chat che vdi mdt he thdng hgc xd hdi hpc Men dai la tao su hOi nhdp m xa hdi dl cd tbi eung dduttanhvi su sinh hOi KM ndo sy phan cdng lao dOng khdi^ lam tdn ttong mdi trudng sdng day khd khdn va ttdn chdc ndng doan kit xd hdi tM cd n^iia xd ludn thay ddi Cimg chinhttongsy phdn cdng hdi roi vdo trang thai bat binh thudng, khung lao dgng va hgp tdc lao dOng ma cdc cd nhdn hoang Do dd, nha xa hgi hge, gidng nhu thdy khdng nhung cd thi trao ddi duge san pham, thudc, cd nMgm vu ngMdn cim tinh trang khung hang hda vdi nhau, md cdn tao dugc he hoang, "binh tat" cuaxdhgidl gdp phan duara thdng edc quyln Ipi, ngMa vy, cdc quy tdc, luat cae giai phdp cuu chua nhdm giup co thi xd hgi phdp vd dao due dl gan kit vdi mdt each ttd laittangthai binh thudng, "lanhmanh"'^ Idu dai tao xd hOi'^' Xuat phdt tii quan mgm cho rang sy phan Ciing vol su biln ddi Mnh thuc phan cdng cdng lao dgng binh thudng la sy phdn cdng bao lao dOng Id sy xudt Men Meu xd hdi mdi VU dam thuc Mgn chiic ndng mdt cdeh binh trinh dp phan cdng lao dOng eang cao tM thudng, tuc Id tao dugc sy dodn kit xd hdi, vaittdva nMlm vy lao ddng eang hi phan hda E.Diirkheim cM ba hinh thuc phan cdng lao vd chuygn mdn hda sau sdc Kit qua Id cdc cd dgng bdt binh thudng khdng thuc Mgn dugc nhan cang phai tuong tdc vdi nhau, phu thugc chdc ndng doan kit xd hdi nhu sau: ldn nhau, quan he vdi mOt each chat che dlHinhthiicphichuanmuc.DsyiaLSU'ph^ vd dd chinh Id sy doan kit biru co^' edng lao dgng mdt each tien, ty phat, rdi Su dodn kit xd hpi cung phu thuOc vdo sy loan tMlu sy MIm sodt vd dilu tilt tu pMa phan edng lao dOng E.DurMieim cM cdc yeu he edc gid tri, chuan muc xa hdi Sy phan cdng td 3a hOi cua su phan cdng lao dOng Ong cho pM chuan muc dilnradudi tdc dgng cua "ban rdng sy di eu vatichtu dan cu, dd thi hda va tay vd hinh" theo edch ndi cua Adam Smith cdng n ^ l p hda da lam tdng mat dOtilpxiic, Theo E.Durkheim, su qudn ly va dilu chinh tii quan he vd tuong tdc giiia cdc cd nhan, nhdm pMa xd hgi ma cy thi id nhd nude rdt can tiiilt vd td chiicttongxd hdi Mat dO nang ddng tang ddi vdi sy phdn edi^ lao dOng binh thudng Ign Idm cho muc dg canh ttanh ciing tdng len ttong xd hOi, neu khdc di tM cd thi xay tinh ttong xa bdi budc cdc cd nhdn mudn tdn tai tM trang phdn cdng lao ddng bat binh thudng dudi phai "ddu ttanh", canh ttanh vol thdng hinh thdc pM chuan muc'^' Lf LUAN CHINH TRI-S611/2015 m (2) Hmh diuc cudng bdc - bit cdng Day la Ly thuyet mau thudn xa hfii cua CMac sy phan cdng lao ddng mgt cdeh bdt budc va va PhAngghen bat binh ddng xdyraMil cdc cd nhdn buOc phdi Chua kM nao CMac nhan minh la nhd xa hOi chdp nhgn nhung vi m' lao ddng, nghi ngMep hpc nhung ddng gop cda dng cho khoa hpc xd khdng phu hgp vdi nang lue, pham chat cd hOi hpc tM thgt sy vl dai Ong dd tim quy ludt nhan, nhimg lai phu hgp vdi Igi Ich cua mOt xa hOi, dem lai cMa khda dl tim Mlu xd hpi tu nhdm khdc ddn dintinhttangbat cdng ttong nhiing vdn dl ldn nhdt cua nhdn loai din phdn phdi theo Mlu "lam nMlu hudng It" nhung vdn dl thudng ngdy cda mdi ca nban'^^ Hinh thiie phdn cdng lao dOng cudng hue - bat MOt ttong nhimg ddng gdp Idn eua CMdc binh ddng dien phd biln ttong hg thdng xd chinh la viec ciing P h ^ ^ e n sang tao chd thuyet mau thuan xd hOi (hay cdn ggi la thuyet hOi CO che dg ngudi bde lOt n^udif^ (3) Hinh thiic tiiiiu ddngbd Day Id sy phdnxung dot xd bOi)ttongxa hdi hgc MIn d^ cdng lao dOng thdi qud ddn din tinh ttang Nlu cdc tdc gia cua trudng phai ly thuyet cdu "silu chuyen mdn hda" lam eho su dilu phdi true - chdc nang nhdn manh tinh trat tu, can khdng theo kip tdc dd chuyin mdn hda, dan bang tM thuylt mau thuan xa hdi nhdn manh din trang thdi Igch l^c, true ttae, "cgc each", su mau thudn, xung dOt va sy bien ddi xd hdi tMlu su hgp tac, tham cM mau thudn, xung Theo quan dilm eda CMdc - Angghen, edc bO dgt xd hgi® phgn, td cua xd hgi khdng cM cung tdn Nhu vay, qua trinh phan cdng lao dOng bdt tai, tdc ddng qua lai lan md cdn ludn mau binh thudng vol it nhdt ba hinh thuctten,theo thudn,tiiamcM ddi khang, xung dgt Dd quan dilm cda E.Durkheim se ddn din mOt co Id ngudn gdc thuc day su phdt trien xd hOi cdu xd hdi pM chuan muc, bdt bmh ddng, mdu Theo CMdc - Ph J b ^ e n , xd hOi c6 giai cdp thudn va tham cM cd thi xay xung dOt Cdn bao gdm cdc tdp dodn xd hOi cd Igi icb khdc phdn cdng lao ddng binh thudng la Mnh thuc Todn bO sy phdt triln cda xa hdi td bu6i phan edng hgp ly, phu hpp vol cdctiindl, dilu dau thdi dai van minh cho din tan Men, ddc dilm cda ngudi lao dOng, gdp phdn ludn diln rattongmdi quan hi mdu thuan giiia phdt triln cd nhan vd xd hOi mdt edch lanh giai edp bdc lOt va giai cdp hi bdc lOt Theo cdc mgnh vd chuan mye Dd la hinh thdc phan dng, ca sd vdt ehdt cua cdc xa hdi van minh Mgn cdng lao dOng phu hgp vol trinh dO, ylu cau dai chinh Id su bdc Igt cua giai cap ndy vol giai khdeh quan nhiing ludn biln dOng eua xd hdi cdp khac Vd chinh su mdu thudn, dauttanhgiai Nd dugc thi Men qua each ndi" gidi nghi ^, cdp la ngudn gdc vd ddng luc cua sy biln ddi, Idm nghe ndy" Phan cdng lao dOng bmh van dOng cda lich sd xd hdi loai ngudi Thuylt thudng la qua trinh chuyen mdn hda lao dOng mdu thudn cda CMdc - P h A n ^ e n cho ring tiieo ndng lye cd nhdn vd nhu cdu xd hgi, gdp phai phdntichddc dilm xa hdi, dOng ca cda cac phdnticheye vdo viec hinh thdnh, edng ed vd bin tham gia man thuan vd ban chat cua mdi 6n dinh co cdu, ttat ty xd hdi Dilu tat quan hi mau thuan tM mdi dua dupe cdc giai nhien se ddn din nhimg biln ddi khdeh quan phdp thuc day sy phat triln xd hOi vd phu hgp vl ca edu xd hOi - nghi ngMgp Thuyet mau thudn xd hpi cua CMdc xdhgL Ph J \ n ^ e n coi su cdng thdng xd hOi, phan hda LfLUAN CHINHTR!-Sol1/2015 I0_ QU6CT£ xahoicungvoi sir mau thu5n,c?nh tranh, xung va bit hpp thiic, ddng nghia vdi viec gia t^ng dot va bien ddi xa hgi la nhung chu de nghien nhung bdt dn xa hdi cuu chu ySu Nhung lu?n dilm chinh cua Ly thuylt hanh flpni «» '"'' '"^ thuygt cho rSng, su khan hiSm cac M.Weber ngudn luc, suphan cong lao d6ng v4 sv bat binh M.Werber (1864-1920) la nha xa bdi hpc dang phan bd ngudn luc nen quan he ngudi Diic Mpt nhiing khai niem quan giiia c^ccanhan, cac nhomxa bdi Iu6na ttpng nhat cua dng cho xa hpi hpc la "Hanh tinh trang canh tranh, mau thuSn Nhung dpng xa hpi" Theo dd, hanh dpng xa bdi la mau thuSn chu ygu xuSt ph4t tCr l(ji icb kinh nhdng banh ddng dupe chu the gdn cho nd t£,tiisanxuit kinh te ma Bdi "Trongmfli thdi mdt y nghia chu quan nao dd, la hanh dpng cd ky lich su, s ^ xuat kinh tg va co Cciu xa hdi - co tinh dgn hanh vi cda ngudi khac, va vi vdy dupe cau t4t yf u pb Ji san xuSt Hnb tg ma - dinh hudng tdi ngudi khdc, ttong dirdng ldi, c^bai cai dd cliu cosdcualichsuchinh qua ttinh cda nd"", va xd hdi hpc cd nhiem vu triva lich sutu tudng cua thdi dgi ay"'"" ly gidi, thdng higu ddng co, y nghia cua hanh Sy khan higm ngudn liic t^t yeu se tao ddng xdhdi Trong ly thuyet cda minh, M Weber dd phdn nhiing ddng lao ddng chuygn cu tir phdt lam thay ddi mpt each co hoc bd mat ca c^u xa hdi chia hanh dpng xd hdi bdn loai™ de - nghg nghiep Su thay ddi "co hpc" nay, mpt ly giai su vgn hdnh cuaxahdi,ttongddcdbign mat cd vai trd dieu hda mdt each hpp ly hon su ddi CO cdu xa hdi - nghe nghiep Cu thg nhu sau: phan bd lao ddng, nhung mat khac nd ciing dg Hinh ddng duyly- cdng cu; la hdnh ddng Igi nhirng he luy xa hdi, hay ndi each khac, nd dupe thuc bign vdi su can nbdc, tinh todn, lua gdp phan tao su bien ddi xa hpi theo huong ehpn cdng cu, phuongtien,muc dich cho tigu eye S\f phan cong lao dpng cdng cd tinh cd higu qua cao nhat Digu ndy cho thdy dii hai mat, mdt mat nd "sdp dat" nhiing ca nhan ttong bdt ky mdt xd hdi nao, truyen thdng hay vdikynangtayngbephuhppvao nhiing cdng hien dai thi ngudi laodOng-mOt each tu nhign viec phu hpp, gdp phan nang cao nang suat lao - ludn cd su tinh toan, lua chgn nghg nghigp ddng va Hnb ddng thuto, doan ket xa hdi, tao phu hpp vdi nang luc, trinh cda hg va vdi mdt co c2u xa hdi - nghe nghigp hai hda, digu kign thuc tg ciia xd hdi {tuc la cd tinh dgn nang ddng Nhung su phan cdng lao ddng gSn ngudi khdc) dg dgt dupe nang sudt, chdt lugng, vol Ipi icb vi ky thi khdng phai luc nao ciing higu qua va igi ich cao nhdt Ddy la su lua chgn mang 1^ nhiing digu tich cue nhu vay Su ganh hanh ddngkhdnngoan,hpplyvdcunglanhan dua vao nhung vi tri cdng viec, nghg nghigp tdt td anh hudng quan ttgng dgn su bign ddi co cdu xd hdi - nghe nghiepttongxd hdi bign - ddng ngbia vdi loi ich tdt - se khdng cdn khdeh quan, lanh m?nh giiia caccanhantrongxabdi Hanh ddng 1^ gii tri: Id hanh ddng dugc Nhiing ngudi cd loi ich cao se cd nhigu kha thuc hign vi ban than hanh ddng (muc dich tf nang ban viec tri, thang tign vi tri thdn) Thuc chit loai hdnh dgng cd thg nghg nghigp cda khdng chi ban than hp ma ca nhdm vao nhiing muc dich phi ly nhung lai nhung ngudi than cua hp Digu se dan dgn dugc thuc bign bdng nhiing cdng cii, phuong mdt CO cau xa hdi - nghg nghiep tri trg, xo ciing tien 1# Dieu hdm y rdng, nguoi lao L*LUSNCHlNHTRI-Son/2015 J dOng cd nhimg dgc dilm ed nhdnrieng(trinh quan he gitra cdng cy/phuong tign va muc hpc van, ndng luc, Mnh n ^ g m va dia vi xa dich/kit qua Do vay, vice ngMen cuu sy biln hOi ) Mil lya ehpn nghe ngMgp nhut^ Mil tiiyc ddi CO cdu xa hgi - nghi ngMgp ciing can dugc Mgn nghe n ^ g p tM chua chdc hg da dat Meu tap trung theo hudng nay, hudng cda sy lya qud cao, bdi ttong nMlu trudng hgp, hp mdi ehpn, chuyin ddi nghi ngMgp mpt cdeh thuc cM dl cao gia tri ca nhdn chd chua dl cao gid dyngttenca sd tinh toan Mgu qua tri nghi ng^gp ngn cd thi ddn din sy bien ddi Ly thuyet sa lira chon ly cua George n ^ e ngMep mgt cdeh kMen cudng Homans Hinh ddng cim tinh (cam xiic): la hanh George Homans (1910-1989) la nhd xd hgi dpng dottangthai joie cam bode tinh cam bdt hgc ngudi My, mot ttong cdc tac gia ndi tieng phdt, ma khdng ed su cdn nbdc, xem xet, phan cua ly thuylt trao ddi xd hOi G.Homans duge ti'ch mdi quan hg giiia cdng cu, phuangtignvabau 1dm ChutichHpi Xd hdi hpc Hoa Ky nam mue dich hanh dOng Dilu ly giai rang, 1964 va dupe phong gido su danh du cua Dai mOt sd trudng hop, hdnh ddng lua chgn hge Havard nam 1988 nghi ngMlp cda ngudi lao dOng cdn dua vdo KM ngMIn ciiu ve hdnh vi xd hOi, CHomans c§mtinhchu quan, theo ttdo luu xd hdi chd dd dua khai niem "hinh vi xa hoi sa dang" chua di sdu phantichban chat ndi tai ben ttong dugc Mlu la nhimg hdnh vi ma ngudi lap cua mdi ngdnh nghe, kha nang phu hpp giiia di lap lai khdng phu thuOc vdo vile nd cd dupe ndng luc thye Mgn nghi ngM^p vdi nghi hoach dinh trudc hay khdng Hanh vixa hOi so ngMgp dupe ehpn va kha nang tMch ung vdi thi ddng dugc diln dudi nMlu Mnh thdc, tu trudng Dieu cung gdp phdn taorasu biln phdn xa cd dllu Men, den ky ndng, ky xao den ddi ca cdu xd hgi - i ^ e n ^ g p thdi quen Theo CHomans, hdnh vi so dSng Id Hinh ddng theo truyen thdng: la loai hdnh CO sd eua syttaoddi giiia hai hay nMlu ngudi dgng man thd nhiing thdi quen, ngM II, phong G Homans cW ba dac tnmg co ban cda tuc tap qudn dupe truyen tu ddi sang ddi hdnh vi xd hdi Mot la, Mgn thyc hda - hanh vi khdc Dilu cMrardng,ttongmOt sd trudng phai dugc thyc Mgn trgn ihuc tichu khdng phai hpp, ngudi lao dOng mudn giu n ^ l ngMgp eda ttong y mgm Hai li, hdnh vi dd dupe khen minh, thyc Men nghi theo Mnh ngMgm cd sdn, fhuor^ hay hi trimg phat tupMa ngudi khdc Ba ngai tilp can vdi nhung ngdnh n ^ l mdi, ky li, ngudi khac d day phai la ngudn cui^ cd trye ndng thuc Men nghi ngMgp mdi va Mgn dai tilp ddi vdi hanh vi chd khdng phai Id nhdn vat Hdnh dgng ndy can ttd su thay ddi tu nghi trung gian cua mdt cau true xd hgi ndo dd"^' ngMgp sang nghe ngMlp khdc kM thi KM ngMen ciiu vl hdnh vi, Homans da dua trudng vd xa hdi thay ddi sau dinh dl cda hdnh vi ly bao gdm: (1) Mdc du phdn loai hdnh dgngxa hOi nhu tten, dinh dl phdn thudng (hanh dOng nao hay dugc nhungtiieoM.Weber, xd hOi hpc Mgn dai tap khen thudng tM cdng ed khd ndng dugc lap lai); tnmg ngMen cdu loai hdnh ddng ly - cdng (2) dinh dl Mch tMch (nlu mOt Meh tMch nao cy vi ddc trung quan trpng nhdt cda xa hdi Mgn dd timg Miien mot hanh dOng dugc khen dai Id hdnh ddng xd hgi cda eon ngudi thudng tM mOt Mch tMch mdi cang gidng Mch cdngti^Iln ly, than dmh xac vi mdi tMch bao nMlu tM cdng cd nMlu khd ndng LfLUAN CHfNHTR!-So11/201S ^ QUdCTf 1dm cho hdnh ddng tuong tu nhu trudc ddy lap Bdn chu thuygtttgnchua phdi Id hdu hgt cac lai bdy nhigu); (3) dinh de gia tn (gid tti cua chu thuygt xa hdi hpc, cang khdng phai la hdu hdnh dpng cang cao thi chd thg cang cd xu hgt cdc ly thuygt khoa hpc xa hdi ung dvng hudng lap lai hanh dpng ddbdynhieu); (4) dinh ttong nghien ciiu bien ddi xd hdi noi chung va dg ly (ca nhdn se lua chgn nhirng hanh bign ddi co cdu xd hdi - nghg nghiep ndi rigng dpng ma gidttihpjc khd ndng dat kgt qua Id ldn Tuy nhign, nhigu nhd khoa hpc cdng da thila nhdt); (5) dinh dg gid tri suy giam (gia tri cua nhdn rdng, se gap rdt nhigu khd khdn phdn thudng se gidm ngu thudng xuygn nhdn nghign cuu ve bien ddi xd hpi, bign ddi co cdu dupe phdn thuong dd); vd (6) dinh dg mong dpi xd hdi - nghe nghigp md khdng su dung ft nhat (chu thg hdnh ddng se hdi ldng ngu mong dpi mdtttongbdn chu thuygt ttdn cda hg dugc thuc bien vd ngugc lai) Mdi ly thuygt deu dua nhung quan digm Tu cdc dinh de trgn, Homans chi la icing hdnh vd cdeh tigp can khdc cua minh, nhung vi lua chgn nghg nghigp cua ngudi dgu cd cdc ly thuygt deu cd mdt hg thdng ludn digm dnh quy ludt, nic la chiu su chi phdi cd tinh tat kha chat che, logic vdkhahoan chinh theo each ygu bgn cua mdi phan vd mdi kieu agp can cua minh, tao co sd khoa hgc cho loai nghg nghigp khdc Vi cac boat ddng nhung cdt nghia vg su bign ddi co cau xa hdi nghg nghigp cua ngudi dupe thuc day bdi nghg nghigp Viec cdt nghia, gidi thich, thdng khdt vpng dg dat dugc nhiing phan thudng va higu dupe bat dau tu nhdng bign ddi cua cac ttdnh cdc chi phi vd ich, ddng thdi kich thich thdnh phan, mdi quan hg cd nhdn - xd hdi, nghg nghiep phat trign theo hudng vi md vd mang ludd nghg nghigp, kigu loEii nghg nghigp, ndng cao gid tri nghe nghiep xa hdi Ngu vi thg, vai ttd, ehuc ndng, nhigm vu cua mdi ttong qud trinh boat ddng nghe nghiep, nganh nghgttongmang ludi cua tung nhdm xd ngudi thuc hien mdt cdeh cd khoa hoc, mang hdi den su bign ddi nhung quygt dinh tinh chuyen mdn hda cao vd nhigt tinh vdi nghg lua chgn nghg nghigp cdng hpp if (duy ly) nghiep thi kgt qua boat ddi^ nghe nghiep cua cda ngudittongxd hdi hien dai • ngudi se dugc ndng cao hon, tu dd giup ngudi hda nhap vdo cdc quan he xdhdi thudn loi hon, ddy Id su mong dpi cua ngudi ttong thuc hien nghg nghigp md hg dd ehpn vd khdng (I) Le Nggc Hdng: "Ly thuyet vg plian hoa xa hdi: Tii mudn phdi bign ddi Tuy nhien, vdi su tuong tdc Emiie Durkheim dgn Peter Blau", Tap chi Xa hdi cua ngudi ttong cdc quan he xa hpi, ngu Ape so 1,2014, tt.95 boat dpng nghg nghiep hi suy giam gid tri, gay (2), (3), (4), (5), (6), (7),(8), (11), (12) (13) Le Ngpc thiet thdi cho ngudi lao ddng vd khdng dem lai Hung: Lich siviiy thuylt Xa hdi hoc, Nxb Dai hpc Ipi ich tdi uu cho hg tbi chu the cd xu hudng thay quoc gia Ha N6i, 2008, tt.l56,156, 157, 157, 158, ddi nghg nghigp Day la mdt hdnh vi lua chgn 158,158,199,199-200,365 hign thyc ttgn thuc tg chu khdng phdi ttgn y niem, vi ban chdt cua ngudi ludn cd xu (9) VuKhieu: "Cac Mac, ngudi thay vidsii cda Xa hoi hoc" Tap cluMAoiApc, sS 1/1983 hudng nhdn bdi gid tri kgt qua hdnh dpng cda (10) CMac • Ph.Angghen: Tiiyeii lap, t.l, Nxb Sp minh thdng qua boat ddng nghg nghigp that, Ha Npi 1980,11.559 LYLUAN CHINH TR!-So 11/2015 ... xuSt ph4t tCr l(ji icb kinh nhdng banh ddng dupe chu the gdn cho nd t£,tiisanxuit kinh te ma Bdi "Trongmfli thdi mdt y nghia chu quan nao dd, la hanh dpng cd ky lich su, s ^ xuat kinh tg va co Cciu... ly gidi, thdng higu ddng co, y nghia cua hanh Sy khan higm ngudn liic t^t yeu se tao ddng xdhdi Trong ly thuyet cda minh, M Weber dd phdn nhiing ddng lao ddng chuygn cu tir phdt lam thay ddi mpt... nghiepttongxd hdi bign - ddng ngbia vdi loi ich tdt - se khdng cdn khdeh quan, lanh m?nh giiia caccanhantrongxabdi Hanh ddng 1^ gii tri: Id hanh ddng dugc Nhiing ngudi cd loi ich cao se cd nhigu kha thuc
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