Một số cách tiếp cận lý thuyết và phương pháp trong nghiên cứu về tình dục trên thế giới

Mot so each ti6p can Iy thuyit va phirmig phap nghien cihi vh tinh due tren th6 giM L6 Thu Hien'"' T6m til: Trgng sd nhung nghiin cuu vl linh dgc cd thi thdy mgt sd ly thuyil thudng dugc van dung bao gom: ly thuyit tiin hda ly thuyil Irao ddi xd hgi kiin tao xd hgi vd ly thuyet vesu gan kit Cdc phuong phdp dugc sti dung nhiiu nghiin eiu vi linh I dm tren Ihegtat bao gdm cd nghiin cOu lich dgi vd nghiin cuu ddng dai Bdl viil ldng r qi^an mgi so cdch tiep cgn ly thuyit vd phuang phdp da dugc sir dung Irong nghiin ciru ve ttnh due tren thi gidi Bin cgnh Id tdng quan mgt sd phuong phdp da dugc img dtfng cac nghiin cm vl linh due a Viel Nam cho thdy ro nhiing khgdng trdng vi phuangphap vi ly thuyit Irong nghiin cuu vi tinh due cdn dugc chii Irgng Tir khda: Tiep can i-j tiiuyit, Nghien ciiu tinh dye, Phuong phip nghien ciiu NghiSn cuu vi ho|it ddng tinh dye khdng phii li mdi quan tim cua xa hpi hpc ehp din cudi tfii ky XX Trong dp, tfieo Tir diin Xd hgi hgc Oxford, rit nhiiu nginh khoa hpc khic ngpii xa hpi hpc lai cpi day li ttpng tim nghien ciiu va ngudi ta thudng nhic tdi ba ti^iyin flidng: mdt la y - sinh hpc; hai li phfin tam hpc; vi thu ba li khio sit xa hpi vdi cdng tiinh cua Alfred Kinsey Alfred Kinsey dupe coi li ngudi diu tien ip dung phuong phip khoa hpc tiong nghien cilu vi tinh dye (Trudng Dfii hpc Khpa hpc xfi hpi vfi Nhan vfin, 2012) Cho dinfliSpnien 1960, xi hpi hpc mdi hinh thinh chS dimg cho riSng minh nghien cdu vi tinh dye Cic hpc gii John Gagnon vi William Simon vdi tic phim ThS Hoc vi^n Thanh Ihi^u men Vi^t NamEmail: lelhuhien884@gniail.coni Sexual Conduct (1973) da gdp phan vio vipc phit tiien quan diim giii thich ve hinh vi tinh dye khdng chi tap tning vio yeu ti sinh hpc mi eoi dd nhu mpt biiu tiimg vi hoat ddng tinh dye bi quy dinh bdi yiu to vin hda - xi hpi Trong cudn History gf Sexuality: An Intrgducllgn (1978), Foucault cho ling dnh dye duprc t^o ra, thay doi, chmh sua lien luc vi tfieo dd, bin chit ciia dien ngdn vi trai nghiem vi tinh dye ciing tfiay ddi tfieo Tii dd eho tdi nay, cae nghien Cliu ve tinh dye dupe tiin hanh vi v|in dyng cic phuong phip, ly tfiuyit khac Bii viit niy s5 xem xet cac ly tiiuyit duoc eic nhi nghien eim ip dyng nghien ciiu ve tinh dye ndi chung va tinh dye tiong hdn nhfin ndi rieng 1, Cac hudrng tiep can ly thuyet * Ly thuyit liin hgg Quan diim CO bin vi tiin hda li sy tfiay ddi cua tiii gidi thuc vfit, loii vjt vi 24 cd ngudi la sy bien ddi vd gen, hay nhffng qua trinh mang tinh ty nhidn khac va nhuTig thay ddi ndy la sy dam bao ehac chan nhat cho sy sdng cdn ciia ca thd va gidng lodi- Dya trdn quan didm nay, each tidp can tam Iy mang tinh tien hda dugc phat trien, dd Id cde nghidn cuu ve nhdn thue vd hdnh vi ciia eon ngudi da tidn hoa nhu the ndo de ddm bdo muc tieu tien hda Id tri noi gidng c i ^ lodi Nhimg khudn mau hanh vi cho sy bdo tdn sdng cdn dd cd thd CO nguon gdc tur td tien ciia chiing ta va ngudi dugc thira kd nd gen ctia minh Cdc nhd nghien cim bdt ddu quan tam tdi khia canh ndy vai thdp nidn trd lai day vdi cdc nghidn cuu ve lya chgn ban tinh, hdnh vi tinh due bdi vi hp cho rdng nd gdn lidn vdi sy sdng cdn va tri noi gidng thdng qua tai sinh sdn (F.Gary Kelly, 2011) Th6ng hn Khoa hoc xa hoi s6 9.2016 * Ly thuyit trao doi x3 hdi Ly thuydt trao ddi xa hdi dugc su dung de phan tich nhimg tuang tdc xd hgi dya teen ca sd gia dinh rang mdt tuong tde, mdi cd nhdn se can nhdc nhihig gi hg thu duoc vd mdt di cac hdnh vi tuang tdc lien ca nhan Cdch tidp can giup ly gidi nhung tuang tac vd tinh dye cd thd xay hay khdng va nhu the nao (T Scott Yabiku, Constance T Gagner, 2009) Ly thuydt trao ddi ggi rdng, ngudi ta thudng so sdnh sy thda man tinh due md hp nhgn dugc mdi quan he hi$n tgi vdi nhthig ngudn lyc tidm nang khac ciia sy thda man vd tinh due Do vay, mpt mdi quan he, cd nhan thu nhgn dugc nhidu tinh cam lidn quan tdi tinh dye thi hp sd gidm nhihig mong mu6n khdc mdi quan he dd Them nifa, nhihig tinh huong ma nhChig didu cd dugc lien quan tdi tinh dye it, ca hai ben ed thd c6 rdt it dpng lyc ^k tri mdi quan he Cdch tiep c ^ theo thuyet tidn hoa dua Igp ludn rang, cdc cd nhan phdi thda hi?p sy phdn bd ngudn lyc giira mdi Sy thda mdn ve tinh due c6 lidn quan quan he vdi ban ddi vd sy dau tu vdo vai trd ldm cha m? Mdt cdc cdp ddi dd co tdi nhieu ydu td khde niia nhu ehdt lugng, con, bgn ddi ciia hp se thay ddi sy phdn bo ky vpng va sy gdn kdt vd mdt cdm xuc Do nguon lyc, cdng hidn it ngudn lyc hon ddi vdy, sy tdng len hay gidm di ciia sy thda vdi tinh dye hdn nhdn va tap trung man tinh dye cd thd hieu mot cdch don nhidu hon vdo nudi dudng va cham sde gian Id he qud tryc tiep eiia nhiing nguyen nhihig diia eon ciia hp H? qud cila vide dd tac trao ddi ma d mdt muc dp ndo dd, theo Id sy syt gidm tEui sudt quan he tinh due Sprecher mdt nghidn ciiu ndm 2002 sy thda man tinh dye dgi di?n cho sy cdn (Chien Liu, 2000) bdng giiia nhiing gi hp cd dugc vd nhthig Thuyet tien hda giiip cung cdp nhihig gi hp mat di khia canh tinh due ciia gid thuydt vd khuynh hudng tinh due ciia mdt moi quan h? (Ddn theo: Kristina ngudi ndi chung, dd Id ngudi lya Dzara, 2009) chpn vd cd khd ndng tri sy sdng cdn M^t khdc, ly thuydt trao doi xd h^i mang linh ty nhien cua minh (Dan theo: cung ggi rang moi cd nhdn quan Chien Liu 2000) Tuy nhien, hong thyc he cdp ddi d^u ddng gdp vd Idy di sy dn td, cdch tidp cgn chua thd ly gidi dugc djnh chung ciia mdi quan h^ dd - mgt sy hdt nhihig logi hinh ciia cdc hdnh vi tinh cdn bdng vd quy^n lye Do vdy, mdc dii dye, vi dy nhu ddi vdi nhimg trudng hgp didu ndy ed dnh hudng tdi cd chdt lugng cac cdp ddi lya chpn chung sdng vdi va tinh dye hdn nhan vdi cd vg vd ma chu y khdng sinh chdng nhihig md hinh phdn tich khic nhau, nhung cudi cimg thi su cfin ttiem chit lugmg cho tdng tfii ciia mdi bang ve quyin lyc tfiudng nghieng vi phia quan he dd (su thda man, tinh yeu vi sy ngudi chong Dac biet su tuong tie ttong ring bupc/cam kit) Hon ntta, sy trao dii hdn nhin d thdi ky diu cd inh hudng tdi tiong mii quan h | dd eing cdng iling, hop vice lieu ring cap ddi cd tiip tyc chung ly bao nhieu, cd ti'nh din ca cim xiic vi song vdi hay khdng Phat hien niy hinh vi tinh due till ngudi ban ddi cing cd cung gpi ring, ngudi vp v i ngudi xu hudng dida mfin vdi moi quan he cua chdng ed the cd nhiing ky vpng khic hp bSy nhieu ddi vdi "phin tfiudng" hdn nhfin ^ Tuy nhien, bin vi ly thuyit trao Anh hudng tii phia ngudi vp tdi tfianh edng cila cudc hdn nhan chu yiu li tu tiii ddi xa hdi, Michel Bozon nhfin manh ring nghiem mang tinh tong flii v i cudc hdn ngu chi tinh den nhiing gi cd dupe vi mil nhan Viec nhiing cjp ddi tiip tyc iiuy tii di tiong mdi quan he tinh due ciia cap vo vi tfing su tiida man vdi nhiing cii chi yeu chdng flii cae nhi nghiSn cuu cd Uii bd thuong, au yim, die biet vdi ngudi chdng qua su fliit ling ngudi vp hay ching ^ ^ h ^ c d lpi hem so vdi ngudi vp, s5 khdng ngang bang vi nguon lyc vi ^ ^ ^ T c h l c b viSc tii cupc hdn nhan ^i vpng tiong moi quan hp niy Sy tfiit rang CO hdi ciia nO gidi vin bj han chi |"Dzara,20IO) Theo ly tfiuyit ti;ao dii xa hpi, tin suit van d i vi tinh due, ngupc lai nd quan he tinh dye tfiip cd tiii lim gifim di dudng nhu li quyin luc cua nam gidi "phan thudng" ddi vdi mii quan he tiong (Michel Bozon, 2001) hdn nhfin, Uiy nhien nhttng ngudi da kit hdn * Thuyit kiin lao xd hdi se^phii dii mjt vdi nhiiu lio can hon di cd Uie k6t tfiilc mdi quan he cua minh ngofii ^ Nhttng ngucri tiico thuyit kiin tao xa khia c ^ tinh dye, vfiy mfi finh hudng hpi gii djnh ring, nhttng hinh dpng tinh ciia tan suit quan hp tinh due it dii vdi su dye cd tiii mang y nghTa xi hpi vi ci nhin tan vd cua hdn nhfin cd tfii bj giim di (f lit khic nhau, phu thupc vio viec ehiing Scott Yabiku, Constance T Gagner, 2009) dupe nhin nhin v i hiiu tiong njittng nin Khi phfin lich ve ly tfiuyit trao ddi xi van hda vi cic thdi ky lich su khic hpi vi tinh dye, Susan Sprecher ehp ring Ngoii vipc inh hudng ldi cich cae ci cieh tiip can tino ddi xa hpi mang lai mdt nhin nhin dien vi hinh dpng, nhiing kiin lfing kinh mfi qua dd chung ta cd thi kiim lao ve lich su xi hpi cung hinh Uiinh v i dinh tai su thda mfin vi tinh due lai cd gin nhttng y nghTa chn trii nghiem chung mdi quan h | chfit che vdi chit lupng eua ve tinh due, vi dy nhu: kiin tao vi nhan tdng the mdi quan bp (Susan Sprecher dang, khai nipm, y tudng vi quy tie vi 2002) Vi dy, tfieo md hinh phan tieh linh dye Thdng qua nhttng ngudi theo tuong lie vi sy tfida man tinh due: su thda tiiuyet kiin tao xi hpi, cie nhi nghiSn eim man vi tinh dye tang niu nhttng gi thu CP flie tim kiim nhttng y nghTa da dang dupe (award) cao cdn nhttng gi mil di khac ciia tinh due tiong vi gitta cic (cost) lai thfip khic biet gitta sy dupc-mfit nhdm xa hpi (Maria Isabel Martind niy dupe so sinh theo tung cip dp vi cd Vilanueva, 1999) sy binh ding giDa nhttng ngudi bjn ddi Michel Bozon cho ring tiong pham vi vipc tiao dii niy Mpt mii quan he tiong tinh due tiiinh edng cd tfii lim tfing ciia hdn nhan, nam gidi vi phy ntt cd quyen ddi vdi vi co tiii ciia ngudi kia, dieu dupe coi la nghTa vy vp Thong hn Khoa bgc xa hOI- s6 9.2016 26 chdng Nhiing the chd xa hdi vd tdn gido tao ndn cdc quy tdc de cac cap ddi cd the chung sdng vdi nhau, hdn nhdn id canh cira cho hogt dpng tinh due, nd tgo rao edn de tach biet giiia nhfing diia hgp phdp vd de tha thu cho nhiing lan ham mudn nhue due phi dgo dire vd bdl hgp phap Tmh dye dich thyc Id mdt gia tri eua hdn nhan (Michel Bozon, 2001) * Ly thuyit vi su gdn ket Ly thuydt ve sy gan kdt d tudi trudng thanh: Cac nghien cuu ciia John Bowlby (vao cac ndm 1969.1973 1980) thira nhgn rdng, nhiing tuong tac ban ddu vdi nhiing ngudi quan trpng sd hinh thdnh nen hanh vi va n h ^ thuc xa hpi lidn quan tdi kieu quan h? vd nhung doi tde moi quan h? d giai dogn trudng thdnh Hai chidu cgnh c6 moi quan hd giao tryc tiep xac djnh sy khdc bidt mang tinh cd nhan sy gdn kdt d tudi trudng Chieu cgnh ddu lien dugc gpi Id sy ldng trdnh (avoidance), phdn dnh mux: dp mpt ca nhdn khdng cam thay thodi mdi vdi sy gan gui va tinh cdm vd mdt cdm xiic cdc mdi quan hd Chidu canh thir hai dugc gpi Id su lo du (anxiety), dd cap ddn muc d0 mpt cd nhan cdm thay lo ldng vd ngdm nghT vd viec hg bj tir choi hoJc cdm dodn bdi ngudi ban ddi cua hp (Ddn theo: Bethany Bulzer, Lome Campbell, 2008) Mikulincer vd Shaver cac nghien cim ndm 2003 vd 2007 da gidi thi?u mpt md hinh cd thd cy thd hda dgng eo va cdch thuc v ^ hdnh ca chd gdn kdt d ngudi trudng Theo md hinh ndy, chien thugt ddu tien ciia co chd gdn kdt dd la tim kiem sy gdn giii ddi vdi nhiing hinh in kdt cd nhu cdu Cam gidc gdn tdm c6 xu hudng dugc hinh thdnh &ng hinh dnh gdn kdt ton tai vd ddp nhu cau cua ca nhdn, didu khuydn K I khich hinh nhiing mdi rang bu§c cd anh hudng vd gdn gui vdi ngudi khac Mdt khdc, ndu nhu hinh anh gdn kit khdng tdn tgi hay khdng dugc dap iing lidn tyc, chidn luge gdn kdt thd hai dd gidi quydt cdm gidc khdng an tam se duge sir dung Chidn luge thu hai ndy bao gdm ldng muc (hyperaetivation) ho§e vd hiiu (deactivation) hd thdng gdn kdt Muc tidu ciia chien luge tdng mdc la cd dugc sy chii y ciia nhfing hinh anh gdn kdt doi vdi cd nhan va ed nhdn thd hien sy chdm sdc, dpng vien Do vdy, nhirng ea nhdn cd cdm gidc gdn ket theo chidu hudng Io au sd rdt no lyc dd tri sy gan giii ddi vdi hinh dnh gdn ket va giam sdt cdc moi quan h? ddi tac eiia hg vi nhung ddu hieu thidu thdn hodc m?t mdi sinh ly, hay m^t mdi vdi edm xiic gan giii Con cdc chiin luge vd hidu hda Id dd kidm che>vidc tim kidm sy gAn gui nhdm phdn img lai hinh dnh gdn kdt khdng tdn tai Nhung ed nhdn cd CO chd gdn ket kidu ldng tranh cd thd tri sy dpc lgp vd tin tudng vdo bdn thdn hp, vd hg phii nhgn cdc nhu cau hay trang thai cdm xuc cd thd kieh hoat co che gdn ket (Dan theo: Bethany Butzer, Lome Campbell, 2008) - Sy gdn kdt ciia ngudi trudng thdnh vd tinh due: Cdc nghidn cuu trudc day ciia Mikulincer, Shaver, Hazan ggi rdng nhiing cd nhan co cdm gidc gdn kdt an tam thudng cd nhung trdi nghi?m tinh due vd sy thda mdn tinh dye tieh cyc cdc moi quan h? ciia hp Tuy nhien, cdc m^i quan he tlnh due cua nhihig cd nhin cd xu hudng gdn kdt kidu lo du (anxiously attached individuals) co khuynh hudng xoay (juanh viec tdng muc dp gdn kel ciia hp, didu ndy khidn cho hp phu thugc trien midn vdo sy ddng y cua ngudi khdc vd ludn quan tam tdi vi?c bj bd roi vd bj tir chdi Vi dy, c ^ cd nhdn cd xu hudng gdn ^^ J ^ J ^ ket kieu Io du ndi rdng hp quan he tinh due dd gidm cam gidc khdng an tdm va tao dyng cam giac cyc ky gdn gui, khd ndng thuong lugng vd van dd tmh due cua hg rdt thdp, ya lo sg rdng ndu hp yeu edu thao ludn vd vdn dd tinh due sd khidn cho ban tinh xa ldnh ho (Dan theo: Bethany Butzer, Lome Campbell, 2008) Cac cd nhan cd ca chd ne trdnh thudng nd lyc vd hidu hda ca chd gdn kdt ciia hg bdng hai each lidn quan tdi hanh vi tinh dye Ddu tien, hg ed gdng giii khodng cdch giua chinh hp vdi cdc hogt dpng tinh due, vi dy nhu eo quan he tinh dye d dp tudi mupn hon, cd cdc hdnh vi tinh dye khdng giao hgp, quan tdm nhidu hom tdi cdc benh lay truydn qua dudng tinh due, vd cd niem tin mgnh me ban vdi lgi ich ciia vi^c sir dyng bao cao su Thd hai, nhfing ed nhan theo co chd lang hdnh cd thi cd nhthig mdi quan h? tinh dye chi nhihig bdi canh hp khdng ed quan h? tinh cdm Vi dy, hp s5 it cd thdi dO cdm dodn hay han chd tinh due, hg quan he tinh dye Id dd gay dn tugng vdi nhdm bgn be ciia minh (ddi Igp vdi myc dich lang mgn tii tinh dye), hp cd bgn tinh mpt dem vd khdng cam kdt gdn bd nhidu Khudn mau ndy cd ve nhu diing vdi ed hai gidi, va ty le dung vdi nam gidi dudng nhu nhidu hon (Din tiieo: Betiiany Butzer, Lome Campbell, 2008) Cdc phunmg phdp thirdng d^gc sd dung nghidn cmi ve tinh due * Nghiin citu lich dgi Sau trien khai nghien cihi tir nhfing ndm 1980, cdc nhd nghidn edu da tidp tyc theo ddu cdc c§p ddi mgt vdi ndm va theo nhidu giai dogn khdc Didu cho phep hg co did kidm chung nhfing d$c tnmg vd tinh dye thay ddi theo thdi gian va sire khde tinh dye ti-ong mdt mdi quan hd tgi mpt thdi didm anh hudng nhu the ndo den ket qud tiong tuang lai eua mdi quan he (F Scott Christopher, Susan Sprecher, 2000), hay phdt hidn nhiing bdi cdnh ddn tdi sy thay ddi tan sudt quan he tinh dye mong mudn va sy hdi long mdi quan he ndi ehung va quan he tinh dye ndi ridng (Anthony Smitii,etal,2011) Tuy nhien, cho tdi nay, cdc nghien cuu da cdng bd su dung each tidp can ddu dung bd sd lieu cua cdc eupc didu ua ldn, dd tinh due la mpt khia cgnh vd cac nha nghidn cuu chpn lgc mau tu cac cuge didu tra dd dk phdn tieh nhung van de lidn quan tdi tinh due ma hg quan tam (Kritina Dzara, 2010; T Scott Yabiku, Constance T Gagner, 2009; Hsiu - Chen Yeh, et al, 2006; Baorong Guo, Jin Huang, 2005) Rdt it cdc nghien cuu lich dgi tgp tmng toan bp vdo khia cgnh tinh dye, CO thd bdi ti'nh nhay cdm eua van dk ndy, ndu cd ehi hong thdi gian tuong ddi ngdn nhu thang (James K MeNulty, Terri D Fisher, 2008) hay 18 tiidng (E Sandra Byers, 2005) Vd dd chpn dupe sd lugng ldn ngudi dong y tham gia vao nghidn cuu lien quan tdi tinh dye, ngudi nghien cuu sd dua tinh dye vdo Itnh vye ldn hon nhu nghien cuu ve sue khde va cde mdi quan he, sau mdi lya chpn dugc ty Id ngudi nhdt djnh ddng y tham gia vdo nghidn cuu ndy (Anthony Smith, et al, 2011); hay ddt tinh due h-d thdnh mdt ITnh vye quan trpng cugc sdng ciia cdc cdp ddi (so vdi cdng viec, tidn bac) dk nghidn cim (Philip Blumstein, Schwartz Pepper, 1983) * Nghiin cuu ddng dgi Do hdu hdt cac nghidn eim trudc ddy ddu la cdc nghien euu theo lat cdi ngang (hay dong dgi - cross sectional) vd khong co nhidu hon hai giai dogn dir Ii?u di kdt noi cac yeu td lien quan ddn tinh due, mdi 28 quan he nhan qud giiia cdc yeu td deu dya tren quydt dinh cua cac nha nghidn euu chu Ididng phdi nhfing bdng chung thyc nghiem (Susan Sprecher, 2002; F Scott Christopher, Susan Sprecher, 2000) Thong Hn Khoa hoc xa hdi sd 9.2016 nghidn euu dd bdt dau quan tam tdi tinh due vdi nhihig didm ti'ch cyc ciia nd hudng tdi sy phat trien todn didn ciia ngirdi, dat tinh d^c !d mgt cac chii de nghien edu ve sy thay ddi quan ni^m ve gid tii ciia nam gidi vd nu gidi lien Cdc nghien ciiu ddng dai ve tinh dye quan ddn hdn nhan va gia dinh (Nguyin chil ydu tap trung tim mdi quan he giiia Quang Vinh, Trdn Dan Tdm, Dao Quang cdc yeu td nhu sy thda mdn tinh due, sy Binh, 2011), hay nhdn manh den quydn thoa man hdn nhdn vdi vi&: su dung cac bp tinh dye cua cac ca nhdn (Vii Cong Giao, thang cd san nhu: thang ENRICH 2013), vd cd nhfing nghien cuu chi mdi ciia Foumier, Olson va Druckman (1983); bdt ddu dd cdp tdi sy ddng thuan vd linh bp thang chi so vd sy thoa man tinh due dye (Ld Viet Phuang, 2014) Cac the hi^n ISS (Index of Sexual Satisfaction) cua tich eye cua tinh due bao gdm: mdi quan Hudson, Harrison vd Crosscup (1981); he ddng tiiudn, tdn tipng ldn nhau, dugc thang ciia Hendrick (1988) ve sy thda bdo vd vd tinh due giiip cdi thidn sy loan mdn hdn nhdn (Ddn theo: Bethany ven ciia sue khde vd ehdt lugng eupc song Butzer, Lome Campbell, 2008) Hodc mdt (Hoang Tii Anh, Trdn Manh Hdi, VQ Song sd cdng cu nhu: bdng hdi Md hmh trao ddi Hd,2006), lidn cd nhdn vd sy tiida man tinh dye lEMSS (Interpersonal Exchange Model of Tinh dye van cdn la mdt van dl "nhgy Sexual Satisfaction), thang toan edu vd cdm", "tl nhi" d mpt xa hgi ehju dnh sy thda mdn o^ng mdi quan he GMREL hudng nhidu bdi Nho giao nhu Viet Nam, (Global Measure of Relationship vgy, vide thu thdp thdng tin ddng tin Satisfaction), tiiang todn cdu vd sy thda cdy ve tinh due cang khd khdn (Trdn Thj mdn tinh dye GMSEX (Global Measure of Minh Thi, 2008) Thong tin dl phdn tich Sexual Satisfaction) ciia Lawrance vd Byer ve tinh due chii yiu ndm xen kd tiong cdc (1998); h o ^ su dyng bang hdi dd tiidy nghien cdu vl hdn nhdn va gia dinh Nhin dugc mdi quan h? ciia mdt sd ydu to lien chung, cac nhd nghien cuu cdn chua v^n quan ldi tinh dye vdi chat lugng ciia mdi dyng ly thuyit vdo ly gidi ede vdn dl lien quan h? vdi cdc cdp ddi (Dean M Busby quan tdi tinh dye vg chdng hien Day etal,2010) Id mgt khoang trdng cho cdc nhd nghien cuu sau Nghien ciru tinh due d Vj|t Nam va Vd phuang phdp, cac nghidn cuu nhihig ggi md cho cae nghien cihi tiep theo tiin hdnh thu thap tiidng tin vl ITnh vye CJ Viet Nam, van dk tinh dye dugc ndy vin thudng la nghidn cdu djnh linh, quan tdm bdt ddu tii sy bimg nd ciia quan va tiiong tin dugc phan tich tiieo cdch kl he tinh due tiirdc va ngoai hdn nhan tir chuyan (narrative analysis) (Vu Song Hd, cudi nhfing ndm 1980, vd tdi cudi thap ky 2005; Tine Gammeltoft, 2006; Nguyen 1990 siic khde tinh due bdt ddu duge de Ngoc Huong, Khuat Thu Hong, Dinh Thai c§p tdi Trong giai dogn ndy, vdn dd tlnh Son, 2010; Qudch Thu Trang, 2009) Mau dye duge de cgp tdi tiong cdc nghidn cdu dugc chpn theo phuang phdp "snow ball" t$p tiung vdo nhfing hgu qua tidu cyc ddi (trdi tuyet Idn) (Qudch Thu Trang, 2009; vdi sue khoe nd mang lai ddi vdi cac Bui Thu Huong, 2010) Rat it cdc nghidn nhdm xa hpi Tdi ddu tiid ky XXI, cdc nha cuu dinh lugng dugc tidn hdnh mgt cdch dpc Igp noi vd vdn dd tinh due cua cdc cdp vg ehdng (Vu Thanh Long, Nguyen Ngoc Huong, Khuat Thu Hong, Chengchi Shiu, 2009) Day ciing la mpt khoang trdng cho cac nhd nghidn cuu sau nghien cuu vd ITnh vye tinh due Ddng thdi, cac ly thuyet vd tinh due cung cdn dugc dp dung ly gidi cdc kit qua nghien cuu nhieu hon nua a Psychology, 766-774 Volume 24, Issue 6- E Sandra Byers, (2005), "Relationship satisfaction and sexual satisfaction A longitudinal study of individuals in long-terai relationships" Journal of Sex Research, Volume 42, Issue 2113-118 F Gary Kelly (2011), Sexuality Taday, lOed, Meghan Sugarman, New York Tai lieu tham khao Hoang Tu Anh, Trin Msinh Hii, Vy Song Ha (2006), Nhiing diim chung vi Ttnh due, Nxb Thi gidi Ha Npi B Anfliony Smitii, et al (2011), "Sexual and Relationship Satisfaction among Heterosexual Men and Women: The Importances of Desired Frequency of Sex", Jgurngl of Sex & Marital Therapy Volume 37, Issue 2- 104115 Baorong Quo, Jin Huang (2005), "Maritiil and Sexual Satisfaction in Chinese Families: Exploring the Moderating Effects", Journal of Sex & Marllal Therapy, N''31: 21 -29 Bethany Butzer, Lome Campbell (2008), "Adult Attachment, Sexual Satisfaction and Relationship Satisfaction: A study of Married Couples", Personal Relationships, N°I5(1): 141-154 Chien Liu (2000), "A theory of Marital Sexual Life", Journal of Marriage and the Family Volume 62, Issue 2- 363374 Dean M Busby, Jason S Carroll, and Brian J Willoughby (2010), "Compatibility or Resti-ainl? The Effees of Sexual Timing on Marriage Relationships", Journal of Family F Scott Christopher, Susan Sprecher (2000), "Sexuality in Marriage, Dating and Otticr Relationships: A Decade Review", Joumgl gf Marriage and Family, Vol 62, N°4: 999-1017 10 Vu Cdng Giao (2013), Phdp ludt vi quyin tinh dgc trin Ihi glai vd mgi s6 vdn di ddt vai Viet Nam, hr.law.vnu.edu 11 Va Song Ha (2005), Sir tm ldng ciia phu na vd su hda thugn gia dinh: Thdi dg vd hdnh vi llnh due eda phtf na ngng thdn cd gia dlnh, Nxb The gidi Hi Ndi 12 Nguyen Ngoc Huong, Khual Thu Hong, Dinh Thai Son (2010), Living a "Pendulum" life Practicing "Pendulum" sex? A qualllalive study on the sexual life of rural-urban migrant laborers in Hanoi and Ho Chi Mlnh city Women Publishing House, Hanoi 13 Bui Thu Huong (2010), "'Let's talk about sex, baby": Sexual Communication in Marriage in Contemporary Vietnam" Culture Health Sexuality N°12 (August 2010)19-29 14 Hsiu - Chen Yeh, Frederick O Lorenz, K.A.S Wickama, Rand D Conger (2006), "Relationships among Sexual Satisfaction, Marital Quality and Thong Hn Khoa hgc xd h$t s6 9.2016 Marital histability at Midlife", Family Psychology, Vol.20, N"2; 339-343 15 James K McNulty, Terri D Fisher (2008), "Gender DifiFerences in Response to Sexual Expectancies and Changes in Sexual Frequency: A Short-term Longitudinal Study of Sexual Satisfaction in Newly Married Couples", Arch Sex Behav, Volume 37, Issue 2: 229-240 16 Kristina Dzara (2009), An exploration and comparison of indicator of marital sexuality as predictors of marital disruption (A dissertation submitted in Partial fiilftllment ofthe Requirement for Doctor of Philosophy), Proquest LLC 17 Kritina Dzara (2010), "Assessing the Effect of Marital Sexuality on Marital Disruption", Social Science Research , Volume 39, Issue 6: 715-724 22 Lo Via Phirong (2014) "Quan niem vi hdn nhan va gia dinh cua nguiri dan Ha Noi", trong: Gia dinh Viet Nam qud trinh cdng nghiep hoa, hien dgi hoa vd hgi nhdp tir cdch liep cdn so sdnh, Nxb Khoa hoc xa hdi Ha Ndi 23 Susan Sprecher (2002), "Sexual Satisfaction in Premarital Relationships: Associations witii Satisfaction, Love, Commiment, and Stability", The Journal of Sex Research Vol 39, Issue 3: 190-196 24 Trin Thj Minh Thi (2008),"Hanh vi tinh dye eda ngudi dan ndng tiidn," trong: Tnnh Duy Luan, Helle Rydstiom and Will Burghoom (2008), Gia dlnh ndng thdn Viit Nam Irong chuyin ddi Nxb Khoa hoc x3 hdi Ha Ndi 25 Tine Gammeltoft (2006), "La mpi ngudi djc bi$t vdi dd: Vin de tinh dye tfli dd tiii tiong xa hgi Vi^t Nam dirong dai", Gidi Tlnh due vd Sire khoe Ttnh d^c, so 11 18 Vu Thanh Long, Nguyen Ngoc Huong, Khuat Thu Hong, Chengchi Shiu (2009), Sexual Profile of Vietnamese •26 Quich Thu Trang (2009), Nu tlnh va su thi hiin chu Ihi dai sdng tinh men A Preliminary investigation in due ctia nu tri thirc Iri Ha Ngi Nxb Hanoi Ha Tay Can Tho and Ho chi ThS gidi, Hi Npi minh City, Women Publishing House, Hanoi 27 Tnrdng Dai hoc Khoa hgc xi hdi vi Nhan v5n (2012), Tic diin xg hgi hgc 19 Maria Isabel Martind Vilanueva Oxford, Nxb Dai hpc Qu6c gia H4 (1999), The Social Coniruction of Npi, Hi Ndi Sexual Meanings: Personal Meanings Perception of Sexual Experience and 28 T Scott Yabiku, Constance T Gagner (2009), "Sexual Frequency and the Female's Sexuality in Puerto Rico, Stability of Marital and Cohabiting UMI Company Unions", Journal of Marriage and 20 Michel Bozon (2001), "Sexuality, Family, Volume 71, Issue 4: 783-1000 Gender, And the Couple: A sociohistorical Perspective", Annual 29 Nguyin Quang Vinh, Trin Dan Tim, Dio Quang Binh (2011), "Nil rieng Review of Sex Research, N^^U: 1-32, ciia cic nghidn cdu ve gidi d Nam bd Philip Blumstein, Schwartz Pepper thjp nien 2000-2010", Tap chi (1983), American Couples: Money Nghiin ciru Gia dlnh vd Glai, So 21: Work Sex Pocket Books, New York 53-65 i ... 2006; Nguyen 1990 siic khde tinh due bdt ddu duge de Ngoc Huong, Khuat Thu Hong, Dinh Thai c§p tdi Trong giai dogn ndy, vdn dd tlnh Son, 2010; Qudch Thu Trang, 2009) Mau dye duge de cgp tdi tiong... 6: 715-724 22 Lo Via Phirong (2014) "Quan niem vi hdn nhan va gia dinh cua nguiri dan Ha Noi", trong: Gia dinh Viet Nam qud trinh cdng nghiep hoa, hien dgi hoa vd hgi nhdp tir cdch liep cdn so... Vol 39, Issue 3: 190-196 24 Trin Thj Minh Thi (2008),"Hanh vi tinh dye eda ngudi dan ndng tiidn," trong: Tnnh Duy Luan, Helle Rydstiom and Will Burghoom (2008), Gia dlnh ndng thdn Viit Nam Irong