HBmiH eiu-THAO BSI T ^ i - GIAI PHAP THUC HIEN CHINH SACH AN SINH XA HOI U VllT NAM HIEN NAY a Ths NGUYEN VAN TUAN Dgi hgc Lao dgng - Xa hgi I Vai trd cda an sinh xa hdi (ASXH) d Viet dung d i n sang tao Nigm ttn eda quirt churtg nhan • Nam thdi ki ddi mdi da't nttde dfirt vao dudrtg Ifi ehinh sfich eda D i n g vfi Nha ASXH gdp phin d i m b i o thu nhfip va d d sdng nudc ngfiy efing nang cao quan ehung nhfin dfin eho efie cdng dfin xfi hpi V d phuong thttc ngfiy cfing ttn va ung hp sy nghiep d f i m d loan difin boat dpng thPng qua cfic bien phap cfing cfing vfi dat nudc (io Dang khd xudng va lanb dao muc dich la tao su "an sinh" eho mpl thfinh vifin frong xa bpi ASXH dupe dam b i o va trien kbai tich eye e i nudc, khiln cho cae tfi nan xa hpi rthu nghifn Nghj quylt Hpi nghj lin ttitt Ban Chap bfinh ngap, trpm c i p , ep bae, mpu che, ma luy, mfi tin, dj Tmng uong Oing khoa XI khang dirth: "Chirth sfich doan glim dan, rthfin ttittc cua ngud dan dupc xfi hfii cd vai trfi dfic biet quan ttpng, IS mue fiSu, IS nang eao vfi Hin bp hon Vi vay, chinh sfich ASXH dpng lye d l phat ttiln nharth vS ben vttng mpl gfip phan dn djnb cbinh tri - xa tipl vS phfit trilrt kirth giai doan phfit triln Cbinh sacb xa hfii phil dttpc dat t l - xa bfii budc vfio thd ki hpi nhap kinb t l quic t l ngang lam v d cbinh sacb kinh t l va thye bifin ddng bp v d phfit ttiln kJnh t l , pbd hpp v d trtnh dp phat ASXH cd vai trd quan trpng doi vdi viec xay dimg va phat trien nguon Itic ngddi friln vfi k h i nfing ngudn Iyc tflng tbd ki (ibinb saeh ASXH gpp p h i n quan trpng Khfing ngttng cil ttilSn, nfing cao d d sdng vfit ehit viec phat trien ngudn nhfin luc chat lupng cao Khi vfi ttnh tbin eua ngud ed cfing vS d i m bao ASXH IS cfic djch vu y te, giao due vfi mpi va'n de vfi phuc nhifim vu ttiuPng xuyfin, quan trpng eda Ging, Nhfi Ipi, an sinh dupe dam b i o thi dfiy Ifi d i l u kifin quan nudc va e i he ttidng cbinh trj va tofin xS hpl'^'' trpng d l ngudn nhan lye phat Irien nbanh e i ve sd Dud nhieu khia canb nghifin ettu vS trfin co sd lupng vS cha't lupng Trong dfl ngudrt nhfirt Iyc chat ttiuc t g vai ttd eda ASXH ngfiy cang ducc md rpng d lupng cao cua Vifit Nam Ifi nban tfi cue ky quan nhieu gpc dp, Unh vuc khac nhau, song lyu ciiung lai frpng d l d f i trpng va so sanh v d ngudn nban Iyc vai frp cda ASXH tap frung d mpl sd npl dung sau: cda eac nude Irong khu vye vfi the gid Vai tro cua ASXH doi vdi viec on dinh chinh tri xa hoi ASXH gop phan the hien tinh nhan van va cM nghia xa hpi cao dep Vific thue hifin hifiu q u i ehinh sfich ASXH se Trong xa hpi loSi ngud ed s u phfin biet giau gfip phin lam eho d d sfing xa bpi eda nhan dan ngheo, phfin bifit glal cap Tuy nhien mdi ca nhfin dupc on djrth, nfing cao Difiu dd gpp phin khang xfi hpi cfi quyen dupc hudng Ipl tfl rthttng dinh dudng Ifi ehinh trj eua Dirtg va NhS nude la ehuong trtnh muc tifiu qufie gia d l phfit huy hit kha nang cda minh, khOng phfin biet dfin tpe, mau - BCSVN: Vdn kiin Hot nghi ldn thU Ban Chdp /ldnh Trung Udng khda XI, Vdn phdng Trung Udng Bang, H 2012, tr 105 50 da, tPn giao Vfi chinb sacb ASXH tao dieu kien, eo bfii cho ngud kfim may man, nhflng ngud bat hanh TAP CHi GIAO DUC LY LUAN - SO 194 (3/2013) HBHliN ciu-THAO OOI ttong xa hpi d l hp vupt qua kbP khfin vfi huiSmg t d chuan myc eua ehan - UiiSn - m i Odng thd, giup mpl ngud hudng t d mpt xa hpi cflng bang, gflp phan tao nfin cupe sdng cfing bang vfi van minh Vifit Nam huPng t d xfiy dyng chfi dp Xa hpi ebd nghTa, v d muc ttfiu g i i i pbpng vfi phat trien ngud mpt efieh tofin fifin Myc Hfiu eda Dang vfi Nhfi rtUPe dfi bgt sttc nhfin van, nhSn dao, httdng t d xfiy dyng chfi dp xS hpi: Dan gISu, nuflc marth xS hpi dfirt chd, cfirtg bang, van mlnh; mpt chfi dp mirth vi mpi rtgud, mpi ngttd vi minh ASXH (ao dpng Itic phat irien kinh te - xa hpi va hpinhap quoc te Tmdc sy thay d i l nhtt vfl bao tat c i cfie mat tren cac Unh vttc kinh t | chinh fri, van hpa - xa hpi, vfi'n de bpi rthap kirth t l qudc t l dien mpt each mau le, nlianh chPng Ifi d f i hdi bttc thilt cda ta't c i eae quIe gia trfin t h l gid ViSe dfim b i o ASXH Ifi yeu td quan trpng d l m i l quic gia trfin t h l gid cP co hpi vttOrt hpi nhap v d kinh t l qufic t l , sSnh vai ettrtg v d cfic cttflng qudc nam chfiu frfin t h l gid vfi cung ttiyc bifin eae mue HSu ehung eda nhfin loai Thut trang va mpt sd van de dat ddi vdi cbinh saeh ASXH dVifit Nam hien Sau hon 25 nfim ddi m d , nudc ta dfi dat dupc nhttng thfinh tuu dfing tu hSo ttfin nhifiu mat trSrt phat triln kinh t l x S bpi Trong dd phil k l d i n sy nd iyc, cd ging eua tofin xfi hpi van d l ASXH - Vifit Nam dfi xfiy dung dupe hfi ttidng ASXH da dang vfi tofin difin Dd la ttianh eflng rat dfing khieh lfi eua ehinh sfich ASXH d Vifit Nam D i n g , Nha nudc, cap dy dang va ehinh quyen dia phuflng efie cap da hoach dirth vfi trilrt khai nhifiu cbinh sach xa bpi quan trpng, huy dpng dupe nhieu ngudn luc ttiam gia trp giup cac d f i lupng kbP khfin He thdng ASXH ddng bd ttt ttung uong d i n dja phuong, ttt rtfing Ihpn den thfinh thj Cfie ehinh sach ASXH dttoc thttc bifin ddng bP ttdn ba phttong dien' k h i nfing Hip can cfic djeh vu cflng cflng cda cfic d f i tttpng, hd lia phfit frien san xuat thfing qua quy tin dung, phat triln k i t cau ting eho eae dia phuang phuc vu cho ngud dfin tdt hon - Hoat dpng tham gia b i o hiem y t g gifio due ngfiy cfing tbu dttpc hieu q u i eao BSn canh vific TAP CHi GIAO D g c LY LUAN - SO 194 (3/2013) xay dung he Uidng ASXH da dang vfi pbong pbd tbi sd ngud tham gia b i o hilm b i l bupc tang nhanb ttt 4.8 trifiu - ttieu (2001 - 2011) Nam 2011 ca nufic ed tdng sd ngufi hudng luong huu bfiog ttifing Ifi 1.9 trifiu ngud Co khoang 96.6 ngbin ngud tham gia BHXH tu nguyfin nam 2010 Nfim 2011 cd khoing 7.6 trifiu ngud ttiam gia bao bilm that nghifip B i o hiem y Id tang nhanh ttt 13.4% dan sd 63% dan sd (2000 - 2011).Nhd ed eae chinh sfich bao pbu rpng khip tfl thanb Ihj - nPng thfln, ddrtg birtg - mien ndi, nfin cac d f i luclng ed hofin einh khfi khan dupe fi hpc tfing Ifin, S IS md ehfl glim xufing Cho den ehdng ta da hofin thSnh p h i cap trung hpe cosd (2010) V I eo b i n da xoa dupe "xfi ttang' vfi gifio due m i m non Cfie tirth vS efie buyfirt mifirt ndi dfi efi tmdng npl tnJ, bfin tti3 cho cfie hpc sinh dfin tpc thieu sd va sd bpe sinh, sinh vifin hpc tai cae ttudng dai bpe, cao dang tang ISrt dfirtg k l nhd ehinh sfich hd ttp hpc sinh sinb vien vay vdn - Ofi tupng budng trp cap xa hpi ngfiy cSng nbieu Ngudn vdn ttt ngfin sfich nhfi nude d l trp cap cho cae ddi tupng cbinh sach ngfiy cfing tang Trong gial doan 2001- 2010 vdn ngfin sach nha nudc ttt 113 H' ddng eho hon 180 nghin ngttd tfing len 4.500 tt dfing eho 1.6 trtfiu ngufi Hang nam nhfi nuflc cfln hd ttp dpt xuat hang nghin tt ddng va hang chuc ngbin Ifi'n luong tbue thude men Dae bISl dffi tuong hudng ttp cap dupc fip dung cho e i eac hp ngheo va can ngheo - ASXH da tao dpng luc quart ttpng d l phfit trtln kinh t l - xa hpi Thue bifin tfit eac ehinh sfich ASXH gpp p h i n thdc da'y kinb t l phat trien Trong thpl ki 2001 - 2011 birth qufin mSI nam nuPc ta gial quydt vific lam cho 1.6 trifiu lao dpng Tl IS that nghifip gitt d mtte 2.3% ti 16 that nghifip thj g l i m ttt 5.4% - % (2001 - 2011) Chat Ittpng vific lam nang suat lao dpng dupe edng cd thu nhap binh qufin ngud lao dpng nam 2011 Ifi 2.27 trieu ddng/thang tfing 2.2 l i n so v d nam 2006 Nude ta phan dau d i n nam 2020, tf IS that nghifip ehung xudng d u d 3%, If lfi that nghifip thfinh thi d u d 4% 51 - ASXH gdp phan tieh cyc vfio binh dang g i d vay, c i n day manb bon ntta edng tfic tuySn Hien nay, hifin tupng bat binh dang gid vfin difin truyen, van dfing tttng efi nhfin tham gia thyc nbung dfi efi nhieu tifin bp so v d nhttng nam trttPc hien chinb sfich ASXH mpt cfich cd hifiu q u i O l efl dope suthay d f i dd phai ed sutham gia tieh Chat lupng dich vu ePn ttiap, cfic nguySn t i c eda cue eda tofin xS bpi Gac bifit la van de ASXH he thdng ASXH nhtt mpl ngud dfin ed quylrt an dddc bao pbd tpng khip khien nhfin thttc eda mpi sinh, tao su doSn k l l gan bd, tuong trp gifla cae ca ngttd thay ddl vfi Hen bp nhfin, nhfim xfi bpi, gan trfich nhiem vfi quyfin Ipi - ASXH bttPe d i u Ific dpng tich cyc viee giim t i l P nblem mfi trudrtg vS giai quydt eae va'n ehua nhfin thttc mfit efieh day dd Giii phap hoan thien chinh sach ASXH d dg nan giil mang tt'nh chat tofin cau Vific thuc Viet Nam thdi gian tdi hien cfic chinh sfich ASXH dfi kbifin cho ti IS that Trong muc Heu tdng quat eda Nghj quylt Hpj nghj Trung UOrtg khfia XI da ehi ro: "Tilp luc cil thifirt d d sfirtg vfit ehai firth thart eho ngud efi cflng, phan dau d i n nam 2015 eo b i n b i o d i m gia dinh ngud CO cPng eP mtte sdng bang hoac eao hon mtte sdng trung binh cda dfin eu IrSn dia bfin Den nam 2020, eo ban bfio d i m ASXH loan dSrt, bio dam mttc tfi thilu v l thu rthap, gifio due, y t l , nhfi d, rtUde sach va thdng fin, truyin thflng, gflp phan tttng bttdc nfing cao thu nbap, b i o d i m cupc song art toan, binh dartg vfi banh phue eda nhSrt dSn."''' Ge thuc hien thing loi mye tifiu tdng quat trfin va nham hofin thifin ehinh sfich ve An sinh xfi hpi ttong thd gian t d , e i n tfip frung vfio mfit sd giii phfip sau: nghISp giam qua efie nam Odng nghia v d viec ngud lao dpng eP viee Ifim nhieu hon, dfli sdng cda ngud dfin dupc c i i thien dang ke Do eae lfi nan xfi hpi glim, an ninh trat ty xfi hpj dupc d i m bio Cfic van de ve nha d va nude sach eung dttflc giil quyfit tdt ban nhfl chinh sfich ASXH BSn eanh nhflng tfie dflng tt'ch cyc cda ehirth sfich ASXH dfin sy phfit triln kinh t l - xS bpi Trong thd gian qua cbinh saeh ASXH d nude ta edn nhieu ban ehl, tdn tai ngudn luc thyc bifin ASXH edn nbieu kho khan, dae bifit la vung sfiu, vdng xa Ngudn lye ttiuc bien ehinh sfich ASXH chd y l u dutie cap ttt ngan sfich Nhfi nude Cfic ngudn kinh phi ttt td chtte, dofin the, ea nhfin, doanh nghifip efi t i m IPng h i o tfim ehiem mpt phan nhd Vi vific thtte hien ASXH ehtta thyc stt sfiu rflng ttflng nhfin dfin nfin ehua phat huy dupc siire manh Idng hpp eda mpi Iyc lupng ttong xa hfi nham kbai thac bifiu q u i cfic ngudn lye bd sung d l ttiue hien cfic mue tieu mfi ASXH hU(!ing t d Hon ntta cfic ngufin lue nfiy khfing dupc phfin bo ddng deu gitta cae khu vue dae bifit Ifi vung sau, vttng xa Cfirtg tae tuyfin truyen, pbd bien ve npl dung va ySu eau eda chinh sfich ASXH chua d i y du, kjp t h d va to rfing d f i v d nhttng dfii tttimg lifin quan Cfie van b i n budng dan, thyc Ihi nhifiu kbi khpng cPng kbai va ro rfing Cac thfing fin vg nhfi d ebo ngud ed tbu nbap thap ebd y l u dupc Mpt la Dang, Nha nddc, cap iiy dang va chinh quyen cac cap can phat huy tinh chit dpng, sfing fao Irong viec xay dtlng chdong trinh, ke hoacti thtic Ihl chinh sach ASXH dong bg, hieu qua Hai la Bay manh cong tic tuyen truyen, van dpng xS hpi, to chdc, doan the va ngddi dan tham gia lich ctic vao chinh sich ASXH Ba la, dau ttr, phit then dpi ngO cin bp ca sd vai chat va chuang trinh dao lao ASXH cic trddng dai hpc, cao dang Bon li, day manh phat trien kinh te, coi day la dpng IIIC quan trpng de dam bao tinh ben vdng cia chinh sach ASXH Nam la, chu dpng hap tac va hpc hoi kinh nghiem ve cong lic ASXH a cac nddc ttong kha vuc vi tren the gidi.a tuyfin tmyfin, thPng bfio qua bao chi dia phuong VSn chua efi mpt mdi thdng nhat viee Hip nban, xfit duyfit bd so xin mua, thufi nhfi d xa hpj, vific t i l p can cfic thfirtg tirt cpn han ehe Vi 52 • BCSVN: Nghi quyl't sg 15-NQ/TW, ngdy 1/6/2012, Hdi nghi lan thU ndm Ban Chop hdnh Trung uang khod XI vi mdt so vdn de vi chinh sdch xa hdi giai dogn 2012 - 2020, bdo dien til dantri.com, ngdy 7/6/2012 TAP CHi GIAO DUC LV LUAN - s 194 (3/2013) ... khfin vfi huiSmg t d chuan myc eua ehan - UiiSn - m i Odng thd, giup mpl ngud hudng t d mpt xa hpi cflng bang, gflp phan tao nfin cupe sdng cfing bang vfi van minh Vifit Nam huPng t d xfiy dyng... hpi van d l ASXH - Vifit Nam dfi xfiy dung dupe hfi ttidng ASXH da dang vfi tofin difin Dd la ttianh eflng rat dfing khieh lfi eua ehinh sfich ASXH d Vifit Nam D i n g , Nha nudc, cap dy dang... tang nhanh ttt 13.4% dan sd 63% dan sd (2000 - 2011).Nhd ed eae chinh sfich bao pbu rpng khip tfl thanb Ihj - nPng thfln, ddrtg birtg - mien ndi, nfin cac d f i luclng ed hofin einh khfi khan