Sàn an sinh xã hội (social protection floor tính tương đồng với việc thực hiện chính sách an sanh xã hội ở việt nam thời gian qua

NGHIEN CUU RESEARCH San an sinh xa hoi (Social Protection Floor): Tinh tuong dong vm viec thivc h i ^ chinh sach an sinh xa hoi 6* Viet Nam thca gian qua HS Quang Tuy&i Benh vien Dai hoc Y Ha NOi Sin an sinh xa hdi Ii he thdng eie ehinh sich nhim trp giup lit e i ngudi din (die bidt li eie nhdm ylu lhl vi nhung ngudi cd nhu eiu dae bidt) dupe quyen tilp ein vi su dung cac dieh vu xa hdi thilt ylu eho ngudi (Iuong thyc thyc pham, cham sde y tl, giao due, nude sgch, nha d) tren co sd dim bao thu nhip co bin Cach tilp can van dl an sinh xa hgi cfla sin an sinh xa hdi la bio dim quyin co bin efla ngudi thdng qua vide bio dim thu nhip co bin vi tilp ein eie dieh vy xa hdi thilt ylu I.San an Sinh xahgi Theo quan niem cua Td ehfle lao ddng qude t l ClLO) — mdt CO quan dac bidl efla Lien Hiep Qud'c quan Iy eac vin d l vl Iao ddng, an sinh xa hgi la vin dl lien quan din vide bao dam nhung gi xa hdi eung cip cho eac thinh vidn efla nd tbdng qua mdt loat cic chinh sich edng cdng, nhim bu dap su khd khan vl kinh tl, nhung nguydn nhin ehfl quan vi khich qugn cua vl|c giam sut thu nhap nhu: dm dau, thai san, tai nan Iao ddng, thit nghiep Nam 1952, lgi Hdi nghi toan thi efla ILO da thdng qua Cdng ude qudc t l vl quy pham Id'i thilu vl an sinh xa hdi bao gdm cac quyin tdi thilu nhu: cham sde y td, tip eip dm dau, trp eip that nghidp, trp eip tudi gia, trp cap tai nan lao dpng hoac bdnh nghi nghiep, trp cap gia dinh, trp cip thai sin, trp eip tin tit, tro eip tiln luit Nhu vay, an sinh xa hdi iam chflc nang phdng ngua, khic phue rfli ro thdng qua eic ehinh sieh BHXH, BHYT, bio hilm that nghidp va chinh sach trp giflp xa hpi lidn quan din giao dye, dgy nghi tao vide lam, chinh sieh tip giflp xa hdi; tfl dd giflp binh dn c h l dd xa hdi hudng ddn mue tieu dn djnh e h i dd ehinh tn xa hdi lau dai Cic phuong thfle dl triln khai sin an sinh xa hdi, lai mdi qudc gia, moi Unh vye Ii sy kit hop cic giii phip mang Unh phdng ngfla, thfle diy, ehfl ddng ddng thdi vdi phflc Ipi vi djch vy x i hdi; hoie ed thi Ulp cin theo try edt ldn: Mpt li, e i c che dp trp cap xa hdi: tro cip cho tri em, tip cap dm dau, trp cip eham sde y tl, tro eip thai sin, trp cap tan lit, tip cap tudi gii v i tfl tuat, trp eip thit nghiep, dim bao vide Iam, trp cip tai nan lao dpng, hay eic khoin tip cip xa hgi khic bang tiln mat hay hidn vit 40 CHAU A - T H A I BlMH • Hgi li, cic chuang trinh hd trp qud'c gia: eic chuong trinh hd ho phd thdng, cie ehuong trinh bio hilm x i hdi, eic chuong trinh trp cap xa hpi, cac ehuong trinh ho trp thul thu nhap, eac chuong trinh hd trp viec iam Cic qudc gia triln khai eic cam kit thye hi&n Sin an sinh xa hdi efla ILO Uieo mdt sd' nhdm vin dl Idn dd dim bao triln khai ling thfl nhit cua Hd thdng an sinh xahgi: Mdt la, viec eung cap eac djch vu co bin thilt ylu: chim sdc y t l (tbdng thudng vi thai sin), nudc sgch sinh hogt, nhi d, giio due, thdng Un Hai li, vide dam b i o tbu nhap ldi thieu cho eac nhdm ddi tupng: hd trp ngudi din chu ddng phdng ngua cie rui ro thdng qua vide tham gig thi trudng lao ddng d l cd duoc viec lim tdt, thu nhip tdi thilu va giim ngheo bin vflng Ba li, viec tip giflp xa hpi cae nhdm dac thfl: die bidt ehfl y din cic nhdm ddi tupng ylu lhl xa hdi nhu dm dau, thil nghi|p, thai sin vi khuylt tit Bdn la,Chinh sich Bio hidm x i hdi: ehinh sieh quan trpng hd tip ngudi din phdng ngflg ehu ddng, giim thilu rfli ro bi dm dau, tai ngn lao dpng, tuoi gii thdng qua viec tbam gia BHXH de ehu dpng bu dip phin thu nhap bi suy giim ho^c mat cac rfli ro trdn Theo eic ngi dung nhu tidn, San an sinh xa hdi moi qud'c gia la h | thdng cac chinh saeh nhim trp giup tat ea ngudi dan (dac biel la eac nhdm ylu lhl vi nhung ngudi cd nhu ciu die bidt) dupe quyin Ulp ein vi sfl dung c i c djch vy xa hdi thiet ylu cho ngudi (luong thuc thuc phim, cham sde y tl, giio dye, nudc sgch, nhi d) trdn co sd dim bio thu nhap ea bin Cich tilp can vin d l an sinh xa bdi efla san an sinh xa hdi la b i o dam quyin eo bin eflg eon ngudi thdng qug vide b i o dim tbu nhip ea bin va tilp can eie dieh vu xa hdi thilt yeu Tinh tirong dong vdi viec thirc hien chinh sach an sinh xa hoi o Viet Nani Hien tgi, vdi vai trd li vien cfla Td chue Igo ddng qude t l (ILO) nen viec tuan thfl Khuyin nghj vl san an sinh xa hdi nam 2012 la didu bit bude Khi ddi ehilu theo eae cam kit San an sinh xa hdi cfla ILO, chung ta ed thi dinh gii dupe mdt so ndi dung vide thye hien an sinh xa hdi tai Viet Nam giai doan vfla qua: Mdt la, viec cung cap cic dieh vy co ban, thilt yeu" - Dd'i vdi boat dpng cham soc y te ca bin: Cic ehuo#ng trinh y t l da gdp phin dat duoe nhilu kdt qua ndi bit: Vidt Nam toin 100% b|nh bgi liet nam 2000, loai tru bdnh uon vin so sinh nam 2005 95% Ire em dudi tudi tiem diy dfl eic loai vaexin Bd Y tl xay dyng edng hd thd'ng quan Iy thong tin tiem ehung qudc gia, cd 11.183 trgm y t l tren e i nude (ly le 99%), 2.261 co sd khim ehfla bdnh sfl dung be Ihd'ng quin Iy tinh trgng tiem chung c i nhin, trdn 1.700.000 tri em sinh dupe ding ky trdn he thdng Cic doan lhl xa hdi, cic don vj sin xuit kinh doanh cd nhilu ddng gdp cho boat ddng cham sdc sflc khde edng dong, x i hpi hda hogt ddng eham soc y t l cho ngudi ngblo, ngudi ed hoan canh dac biet khd khan nhu: tai tip trang thilt bj y te, hd trp elii phi cho cic benh nhin - Ddi vdi hoat ddng giio dye: Viet Nam phd cap giao due tieu hoc vao nam 2000, phd cap giio dye tmng hpe easd vaonam 2010 Dd'n nam 2015 tyle he dgt trinh dp phd thdng tmng hpc li 62%, ty le tie khuyet tit di hgc dgt 60%, ty le ngudi biit ehu dp tudi tfl 15 trd ldn dat 99% Cic ddi tupng dae thfl nhu tri em gii Ire em din tdc thilu sd, em gia dinh ngblo v i tie em khuylt tat duoe quan lim tgo diiu kidn Giio due d vung din tdc thidu sd, vung siu, vung xa cd lien bd rd rdt - Ddi vdi nhi d: Din hit nam 2015, Nhi nuae da h6 hp 7.600 hd ngheo xay dung nhi d phdng trinh bao lut tgi Unh vung Bie Tmng Bp va Duydn hgi miln Tmng; Chuang trinh phal triln nha a xa hdi danh cho cdng nhin khu cdng nghiep da xay dyng 28.550 can hd vi dang Ulp tyc triln khai xiy dyng 69.300 can hd; Chuong trinh nha d xa hdi cho ngudi ed thu nhip thap tai khu vye dd thj d i xiy dung 25,850 ein hd; tilp tyc Irien khgi xiy dyng khoing 61.290 can hp; Chuong Irinh nha d cho hpc sinh, sinh vien duoe diu tu bang trai philu chinh phfl da bd tri nhi d eho 200.000 sinh vidn, dgt ty id binh quan 80% nhu ciu Tilp tyc tridn khai ke hoach ho trp nha d cho ngudi ngblo, theo k l hoach nam 2017 se thye hien hd trp cho 20% sd hd ngheo trdn ca nudc (khoing 53.600 hd) vdi nhu ciu von 1.340 ly ddng de thyc hidn Chuong trinh hd trp n h i d theo Quylt djnh 33/2015/QD-TTg cfla Thu tudng Chinh phu - Dd'i vdi nudc sgch: Chuong trinh mue Udu qudc gia nudc sach vi vd sinh mdi trudng ndng Ihdn da mang lai nhung hidu qua to ldn vl kinh le vi x i hdi, mang tinh x i hgi va nhan van sau sic, gdp phin nang eao sue khoe cua ngudi dan, giim nhieu cdng viec nang nhgc lidn quan din nude saeh va ve sinh, cii thidn dllu kien vat chit, eii thidn diiu kien sd'ng, ning cao nhgn thuc cfla ngudi din ndng thdn, gdp phan phal trien kinh t l xa hdi, dac bi|t li ddi vdi ngudi ngblo, dong bio din tpe thilu sd, vflng siu, vflng xa Din hit nam 2015 d i xiy dyng duoe hon 1000 edng trinh nude sgeh tgp tmng, nang ty Id din sd' nong thdn dupe su dung nudc sinh hogt hpp ve sinh len din 86%, dupe sfl dyng nude sach theo tieu chuin cfla Bd Y tl dat 45% - Thdng tin: Din hdt nam 2015, ca nude ed 858 co quan bio in, 659 tap chi, 105 co quan bio didn tfl, 207 trang thdng Un didn tfl tdng hpp cfla cic co quan bio chi; 66 dai phat thanh, tmyln binh (02 dii Tmng uong, 64 dii dia phuong) Mgng thdng tin viin tbdng da co# bin phfl khip c i nude Nam 2015, ty Id ngudi su dung internet dgt 52% dan sd; ty le phu sdng di dpng 94%; ty Id xa ed may didn thogi 100%; ty le phfl sdng phit vi sdng tmyln hinh: tren 98% di|n tich e i nudc - Chinh sich Bio hilm x i hdi: Bio hiem xa hdi bat bude da tung bude trudng vi ddng vai trd quan trpng h | thdng cic chuang trinh bio hilm xd hpi ndi rieng vi an sinh xa hdi ndi ehung, dong thdi li edng ey quan trpng de dim bio "khdng bi bd Igi phia sau" Ddi tuong tham gig khdng ngung tang cao, nam 1995 (2,2 tridu ngudi) da lang len 10,43 trieu ngudi vao nam 2012 (dat ty le 65% sd ddi tupng thude dien tham gia va 20% lyc lupng lao dpng c i nude) Dd'n thing 11/2018, tdng sd ngiKfi tham gia BHXH Ii 14,56 trieu nguoi: do, BHXH bit bupc Ii 14,31 tridu ngudi (97,7% k l hogch nam); BHXH ty nguyen la 254 nghin ngudi (76,6% kl hoach nam); bio hilm that nghidp la 12,24 triSu ngudi (95,2% kd hogch nam); b i o hilm y t l li 82,38 trieu ngudi (87,7% dan so ea nudc) Bio hilm xa hdi ly nguydn budc diu da thu hflt Iao ddng khu vyc phi chinh thuc thcim gia, dac bidt la nhflng ngudi lao ddng da lung tham gia bao hilm xa hdi bit bugc ehua dfl dllu kidn vl tudi vi thdi gian ddng dl hudng c h l dp huu tri Mot SO noi dung trien khai sap tdi Mdt la, doi vol vi|e eung cap eic dich vu co bin, thill yeu Tilp tye ehfl trgng eic hogt ddng cii thidn dich vy cham sdc sflc khde nhan dan d eac tuydn eo sd, uu tien eac huydn ngheo, xa ngheo, vung dac biet khd khan thdng qua vide diu tu eo sd vat chat; eflng cd vi hoin thidn mgng ludi tram y te xa, tmng tam y H Tt CHAU A - 41 NGHIEN c u u RESEARCH tl huydn nang cao nang tidp can djch vy y t l ed chat lupng cho nhin din vung ngheo, din tdc thidu sd, vung dgc biet khd khan Thyc hien Idng ghip cac chuang trinh, myc tieu, diy mgnh cic boat ddng tmyln thdng giio due sue khde tgi cdng ddng vdi eic hogt dpng vin hda xa hdi khie dl nang ego nhin thuc cfla ngudi din Tip tmng hoin thien he thdng ehinh sieh giio dye nhat quin vi on djnh thai gian dai, die biel ehfl y dd'n ylu id van hda, lap quin eflg vung ddng bao din tgc thilu sd dd cd dinh hudng giio due phfl hop Cflng CO v i phit hiln he thdng tnrdng phd thdng din tgc ndi trfl, cd the kit hop vdi dio tao nghi bin vung, phu hpp vdi dae Uifl efla lung dia phuong Tilp tyc nang cao nhan thuc, thay ddi thai dp, hanh vi cua ngudi dan va cdng ddng vl nude sach; Day mgnh xa hdi hoa, huy ddng sy tiiam gia cua loan din, cic thinh phin kinh td tham gia diu tu va quin Iy Tilp tye hoin Uiien he thdng van bin hudng dan kdm theo vi thue hi|n nghidm tfle Chuong trinh hd tip nha d theo Quylt dinh 33/2015/QD-TTg efla Thu tudng Chinh phfl Keu gpi sy thgm gia hd trp eflg cac doanh nghiep, cic td ehfle xa hdi nudc va ngoii nudc Quy dinh tiich nhiem efla doanh nghidp v i nhi diu tu viec xay dyng nha d cho cdng nhan hinh eham sdc ngudi cao tudi, til md edi, nguoi khuylt lal, dae bidl la md hinh vi|n dudng iao Tilp tyc hoin thien co chl, chinh saeh va phuong thfle td ehue thyc hidn, nang cao hieu qua hogt dOng hp giflp ddt xuat Tuydn tmydn van ddng v i l6 ehfle c6 hidu qui eie phong h i o luong thin, luong ii, Ceic hoat dpng tinh nguyen efla cdng ddng Kdu gpi sy tham gia hd tip eflg cpng ddng ddi vdi ngudi dan, cic khu vye bi thidt hgi gap rfli ro, thidn tai duoc ho tro kip thdi Bdn li, Chinh sieh Bio hilm xa hdi: Diy mgnh ehinh sieh b i o hilm xa hdi bat bupc, tu nguyen v^ Uiat nghidp tiep lyc ma rdng ddi tupng tham gia, hudng tdi bio vd cho toin bd ngudi lao dgng, bio dam cin ddi quy bao hilm xa hpi Diy mgnh edng tac thdng Un tuydn tmyln ve vai trd quan trpng eflg cac hinh thflc bio hilm x i hdi dd'i vdi mdi ngudi din, lir dd ning cao luin thu thuc hidn Ddi vdi Bio hilm x i hdi bat budc: Tang eudng cic chinh sieh phip luit dd tang mue dd tuan tiiu Luat Bio hilm xa hdi Tflng budc diiu chinh tang tudi nghi huu hudng bio hilm xa hpi ddi vdi mdt so nhdm 66i tupng d l gia ting thdi gian ddng vio quy bio hilm xa hpi va giim thdi gian budng nhim can ddi ngudn quy BHXH Ddi vdi Bio hidm xa bdi ty nguydn: Thuc hifin Hell la, vide dim b i o thu nhap tdi thilu eho cic nhdm ddi tuong: Hoan thi|n hd Ihd'ng ehinh sach chinh sieh giim phi ddng bio hidm xa hgi ty nguyin cho eie nginh nghe" lao ddng hoac ddi lupng xa h$i phip luit vl dao tao, giio dye v i dgy nghi, chinh sieh eho vay uu dii hpe nghi, dac biet ehfl hpng den die thu nhdm ddi tupng lao dpng ngheo, ngudi khuylt tat, Ddi vdi Bao hilm thil nghiep: Xay dyng lhl ch^ ngudi thit nghidp, dan tde Uiilu sd, Iao ddng bi thu hdi phap lugt va tang cudng chd tai xfl phgt d l quy djnh dit canh tac hoac chuydn ddi mue dich su dung dit, 100% doanh nghidp, ca so sin xuat kinh doanh dfiu hpc sinh, sinh vidn ed hoin einh khd khan phii tham gia bio hilm thit nghidp An sinh xa hpi Ii he thdng chinh sieh xa hdi co bin Khuyin khich hogt ddng sin xuat kinh doanh cfla cie thinh phin kinh tl, nhit Ii eic doanh nghilp sin efla m&i qude gia diiu kidn phit triln kinh tl thj xuit kinh doanh d l tao nhilu viee lim d dja bin ndng tiudng An sinh xa hdi cd quan h | mat thilt vdi si; thdn Xiy dyng ehinh sich hd trp bd phin ngudi doan kit, gin kll xa hgi va xay dung dit nude Sin an nghdo ed vide lim, tang thu nhgp, ed nang vuon sinh xa hpi efla ILO la mpt sang kidn ed tinh thye ti^n len thoat nghIo, ngudi mdi thoit ngheo cd nguy co tii cao, la can cu cho cac qudc gig xay dyng hd thd'ng an sinh xa hdi co bin eflg minh Hd thdng an sinh xa hfii ngheo, ngudi din tdc thilu so cfla Viet Nam d i va dang hoin thidn d l dip ung cac Xi hgi hda ngudn lye eho xda ddi giam ngheo: ydu eau, gdp phin timg budc nang cao thu nhip tfl 66 Ting eudng su thgm gig cfla cie td chuc, doanh bio dim eude sdng an toin, binh ding v i banh phiic nghilp, e i nhin vide thyc hien ehuong trinh eflg nhin din./ giim ngheo bdn vung Tip tmng hd tip toan didn dd'i vdi tie em ngheo vl giao due, dinh dudng, cham soc sflc khde, nha a, nuac sinh hogt hap ve sinh va vui Tai iieu tham khao: ehoi giai tii Cdng udc sd 102 — Cdng ude vd quy phgm t6i Ba li, viec trp giflp xa hdi eic nhdm dac thu: Triln thilu vd an sinh xa hdi, 1952 khai nghien cuu danh gia xa hdi xay dyng mfle sdng Nghj quylt 15-NQ/TW 01/06/2012 HOi nghj M ldi thilu phu hap vdi diiu kien kinh td, xa hdi lim cin thu nam Ban chip hinh Tmng udng Khoa XI mOt so cu xic dinh ngudi thudc dien hudng tro giflp xa hdi vin d l vl chinh sach xa hdi giai doan 2012-2020 Ihudng xuydn; Triln khai rgng md hinh cham sde Nghj quylt 70/NQ-CP cfla Chinh phfl ngiy ngudi cd hoin cinh die biet tme tidp tgi edng ddng; 01/11/2012 vl chuong trinh banh ddng cfla Chinh Phii keu gpi sy tham gia cfla khu vye tu nhan va eic thinh Uiyc hidn Nghj quydt 15-NQ/TW phan kinh tl, to chuc x i hdi vio vide triln idiai cac md 42 ... san an sinh xa hdi nam 2012 la didu bit bude Khi ddi ehilu theo eae cam kit San an sinh xa hdi cfla ILO, chung ta ed thi dinh gii dupe mdt so ndi dung vide thye hien an sinh xa hdi tai Viet Nam. .. vd sinh mdi trudng ndng Ihdn da mang lai nhung hidu qua to ldn vl kinh le vi x i hdi, mang tinh x i hgi va nhan van sau sic, gdp phin nang eao sue khoe cua ngudi dan, giim nhieu cdng viec nang... Thdng tin: Din hdt nam 2015, ca nude ed 858 co quan bio in, 659 tap chi, 105 co quan bio didn tfl, 207 trang thdng Un didn tfl tdng hpp cfla cic co quan bio chi; 66 dai phat thanh, tmyln binh (02