nhận xét bước đầu về khuôn mẫu ứng xử trong gia đình việt

Ngiii§n ci5u Gia d i n h va G i i So - v/Nhan xet bu6c dau ve khuon miu ung xA gia flinh nguoi Viet hien (Qua cuoc khao sat tai tinh Thai Binh) Nguyen Thanh Huyen Tnfdng Dai hoc Lao i56ng - Xa hoi Tom tat: Viet Nam dang thdi ky qua dp til xa hgi nong nghiep truyen tho'ng sang xa hgi cdng nghiep va hien dai Trong boi canh do, van hoa flng xfl xa hoi noi chung, gia dinh noi rieng ciing dang van dgng va bien doi Cho den nay, d Viet Nam vdn cdn it nhflng cdng trinh nghien cflu khoa hoc toan dien va tha'u dao ve van de nay, cu the la chiing ta chUa biet dUdc mgt each chac chan la hien van hoa flng xfl gia dinh dang diln nhU the nao? Cac khuon mdu cii hay cac khuon mdu mdi dang thdng the? Tan suat va cUcing cua chung den dau? Dac biet, sU van hanh ciia van hoa flng xii gia dinh hien co anh hUcing gi den muc tieu phat trien gia dinh va xa hgi ben vfing ma Dang va Nha nUdc dang dat ra? Dpa vao so' lieu ciia de tai cap Bg "He gia tri gia dinh Viet Nam dudi goc nhin xa hgi hge" Vien Nghien cflu Gia dinh va Gifli thpc hien tai tinh Thai Binh nam 2014 bai vilt phan tich cac khuon mdu flng xfl gia dinh hien tren ba khia canh khuon mdu flng xii gifla vd va chong, khuon mau flng xfl gifla cha me va cai, khuon mau iing xfl giiia cac anh chi em Tii khoa: Gia dinh; Khuon mau iing xfl; Ung xfl gifla vd va chong; tTng xfl gii3a cac vien gia dinh; Ung xfl gifla cac the he Nguyen Thanh Huy^n 109 Khai niem khuon mau limg xurva khuon mau Ctng XLTtrong gia dinh 1.1 Khai niem khudn mdu limg xu Theo Trjnh Trflc Lam va Nguyin Van Hd (2009), khudn mdu flng xu la nhihig quy djnh vl flng xu cua mdi ngudi khdng diin mpt each lifin ma thucmg tuan theo mpt khudn mdu nao dd Cdn theo nha xa hdi hpc Mai Van Hai, khudn mdu flng xfl la nhimg each flng xu thi hifin mdt trang thai nha't tri ve tu tudng va tinh cam, dupc diin dat d dai da sd ngudi sd'ng cung mdt xa hdi - dd Id su khdch thfi hda nhihig suy ngh! va tinh cam, nhirng gia trj va chuan muc chung mdt nin van hda (Mai Van Hai ddn theo Bui Quang Dung 2013) Nhd xa hdi hpc ngudi My Joseph H Fichter dinh nghia khudn mdu flng xfl Id nhiing hdnh ddng, hdnh vi flng xfl, nhflng khudn mdu tac phong ma xa hdi chd dpi ddi hdi d mdt ngudi hay mdt nhdm xa hpi nao dd phai thirc hiln trin ca sd vj ihl cua hp (Ll Ngpc Hung Pham Tdt Dong 1997) ffl nhirng khai nifim vl khudn mdu flng xfl trin, cd the rut nhimg dac dilm chung vl thuat ngfl nhu sau: - Mdt flng xfl cd the trd khudn mdu nd dupc lap lai thudng xuyIn bdi nhiiu cd nhan Irong mot cpng ddng - Khudn mdu flng xfl la nhflng hanh ddng, cfl chi, thai dd, ldi ndi thi hifin theo chudn muc cua cdc ca nhan va nhdm xa hdi, flng xfl theo tifiu chudn, chudn muc xa hdi vi hanh vi ngdn ngu giao tifi'p hang - Nhung quy tdc flng xfl dupc quy djnh rd rang, chung tao su lilu chudn hda Khudn mdu flng xfl the hifin d cdc cdp dd nhu sau: - Cdp dd nhd nhdt xem khudn mdu flng xfl la cac Ii Idi xa giao, nghi thflc thdng dung (vi du nhu bat tay gap nhau; vd lay nghe xong bai hat, bai ndi chuyfin ) Khudn mdu dcdpdd dupc thuc hifin mdt each tu nguyfin khdng cd su cudng chi - Cdp dp thfl hai cao hon, dd la nhung khudn mdu dang noi theo nhung cung khdng kem theo su cudng che - Ca'p dd cao nhdt la nhflng khudn mdu cd tinh bdt budc, vi nd can thie't cho Ipi ich chung cua cdng ddng va xa hdi Nhu vay, khudn mdu flng xfl dupc coi nhu mdt hi Ihd'ng lieu chi giup mpi ngudi ldy dd lam thudc cac mdi quan he xa hdi cua ban than minh 1.2 Khuon mdu vmg xii gia dinh Khudn mdu flng xu gia dinh la mdt bd phan hfi Ihd'ng cdc khudn mdu flng xu cua xa hdi, dd la nhung phep tdc iing xfl theo quy chudn chudn muc danh rifing cho mdi quan he gifla cac viln 110 Nghien cflu Gia dinh va Gidi Quyen 24, so 4, tr.108-117 gia dinh, nhu each flng xu giua vp va chdng gifla cha me va cai, gifla cac anh chi em, v.v Khudn mdu flng xu gia dinh la loai khudn mdu xudt hiln rdt sdm ddi sdng cua ngudi, nd hinh Ihanh va phat triln cCing vdi su hinh va phdt triln cua gia dinh Trong xa hdi truyen thdng "gia phong, gia giao, gia 11" la nhung quy chudn chu yi'u d l lao dflng mdt gia dinh, dd, "gia phong" la li Ihdi ma cac vifin gia dinh phai noi Iheo, la ban sdc van hoa cua mdt gia dinh; "gia lfi" la nhung quy djnh chat che ve each an, nfi'i d cua mdi vifin gia dinh Ifl ldi ndi, each an mac dfi'n cfl chi, dieu bd va each flng xfl giua cac vifin b'ong gia dinh va xa hdi; "gia giao" la each giao due cac Ihanh vifin gia dinh, dd ndi dung chu yfi'u la giao due ve dao dflc, phdni chdt va ldi sdng, xoay quanh cdc mdi quan he co ban cua gia dinh giua vp va chdng, giua cha me va cai giua cac anh chi em gia dinh Trong xa hdi hifin nay, bin canh viec luu gifl nhflng khudn mdu lfl xa hdi truyln thd'ng, da xuat hiln nhflng khudn mau flng xfl Iheo xu hudng binh ddng ban md'i quan he gifla cac Ihanh vien gia dinh Nhung ghi nhan budc dau ve khuon mau utig xur gia dinh hien qua ket qua khao sat tai tinh Thai Binh 2.1 Khudn mdii limg xii giufa vp va chong 2.1.1 Md hinh quyet dinh giita vof vd chong Mpt nhung thay ddi vi khudn mdu flng xu vp chdng dfi nhan ra, dd la md hinh quye'l djnh gifla vp va chdng lrong gia dinh Trong truyln Ihd'ng quyen quye't dinh hdu nhu la thudc vi ngudi chdng, vp chi bii't tuan theo (phu xudng, phu tfly): 'Thdi ciia bdme em thi thttdng Id em thdy dng cpiye't Id bd phdi theo, chit hd md mudn thay ddi y kie'n Id cimg khdng duoc khcmg ndi vdo ddu ditc/c nifa " (Nu, 50 ludi, ndng dan) Ngay md hinh hau nhu da thay ddi theo hudng binh ddng vp chdng quylt djnh eac cdng viec quan trpng gia dinh Bieu dd cho thay mpt ty lfi rat thap ngudi chdng hay ngudi vo la ngudi quyfi't djnh hoan loan cdng viec quan trpng cua gia dinh (4.1% va 3,5%) dd cd mdt ty Ie dang ke ngudi vp va ngudi chdng cd quyin quyit djnh ngang (34,7%) Mot ty Ifi cao han la "Cd ban bac nhung sflc nang nghieng vl phia chdng" (49,9%) Tuy nhifin, quyen quyfi't djnh cd su khac bifit gifla cac nhdm xa hdi Sd lieu d Bang cho tha'y cac cap vp chdng dudi 35 ludi cd ty le quye'l djnh ngang (43,2%) cao han nhdm tfl 36 de'n 54 (31.5%) va nhdm tfl 55 trd Ifin (30,4%) Nhdm tudi cang cao thi quyen quyet djnh ciia ngudi vp cang tang Ifin cd hai phuang an: "vp quyet djnh hoan loan" va "cd ban bac nhung sflc nang nghiing vl phia ngudi va" Nguyen Thanh Huyen 111 Bieu d o Q u y e n quyet dinh giura vp va chong (N = 579) ( % ) 60 SO 49, y WI 4,1 10 7,8 -J 3,5 rr Chong quygt Vo quyei iSnti Cd ban bac dinh hoan hoan loan toan 34,7 nhirng sij'c CotJanbac Vo chong nhirng sire ngang manh nghieng manh nghieng vfi phia chang vS phfa vo Bang Quyen quylt dinh gifla vp va chong ciia cac nhom xa hpi (N = 579) Quyen quyet dinh (%) Cdc nhom x^ hoi Ch^ng quye'l dinh hoJn loiin Vo quye'l djnh huun loan Co ban bac nhung s i c mn