Tap chi Cac Khoa hoc ve Trii Dat, 37 (2) 118 126 ^ # (VAST) Viln Han Idm Khoa hgc vd Cdng nghe Viet Nam Tap chi Cac Khoa hpc v§ Trai Dat Website http //wuw vjs ac vn/index php/jse ^ Nhan dinh buac dau[.]
Tap chi Cac Khoa hoc ve Trii Dat, 37 (2) 118-126 Viln Han Idm Khoa hgc vd Cdng nghe Viet Nam ^ # Tap chi Cac Khoa hpc v§ Trai Dat Website: http://wuw.vjs.ac.vn/index.php/jse (VAST) ^ Nhan dinh buac dau ve dac diem lu quet lu bun da khu VUC Tay Nguyen Nguyen Ddng Tiic*', Phan Ddng Pha^, Nguyin Xuan Huyin' ' Vien Dia chat, Viin Hdn Idm Khoa hpc vd Cdng nghi Viit Nam Vien Dia chdt vd Dja vgt ly bien, Viin Hdn Idm Khoa hpc vd Cdng nghi ^it Nam Ngay nhdn bai: - - 2014 C h ^ nhdn dang: 10-2-2015 ABSTRACT The c n i r e n t situation of flash flood hazard in Tay Nguyen region The flash floods i c considered as one of dangerous geological hazards of the Tay Nguyen region Though Ihe real impacts have been appraised in icent years, Ihe flash floods have been increasing m number, distribution range and damages In recent years, flash Hoods primarily occur m mountamous areas in the provinces of Kon Turn, Dak Lak and Lam Dong The phenomenon flash floods usually occur on the flows of level 1, and 3, or even of 4, and m case there were higher than the popular leveb, then should be considered as regular floodings The flash floods normally occur at the end of the aimual rainy season (September-October) usually by heavy rams Besides, m recent years, the phenomenon of flash floods occur caused by maliunction of dam breakmg or by floods discharge at a hydropoweri i f ^ t i o n during the ramy season were becoming the matterof concemmg The main causes of the flash floods |riienomenon in die Tay Nguyen region comprise of heavy rainfall, high slope and length of stream, high level of landslide m the basin, high slope of basm and wire catchments area a r e ©2015 Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology l.Mad^u Hi|n nay, trln thi gioi ciing nhu a Viet Nam cdc nhd khoa hpc cd quan dilm khac vl IQ quit - lu bim dd (LQ-LBD) Trong cdng trinh chung tdi nghien ciiu LQ-LBD a Tdy Nguyin theo quan diem ciia Nguyen Trpng YIm: LQ-LBD Id loai lu sinh cr miln niii, cd ham lugng chdt rdn Ion, xdy bat ago, diln biln nhanh va co ndng lupng ldn £>l tao ddng LQ-LBD phdi tin tai hai dieu kiln: (i) Ham lupng vdt chat rdn Ion, (ii) Ddng nude co toe dp dii Ion Idi keo vat lieu rin T i c gii lien he Email: nguyendangtuc@yahoo.c( vdo chuyin dpng (CD Du, 2000; N.T YIm, 1999; SekoA.l., 1980) Ddc trung ciia LQ-LBD Id xay tren h? thdng sdng suoi a mien niii Cdc dong chdy dd xdy LQ-LBD thudng phdt triin manh d cdc ddng chdy cap 1-3, ddi xdy cd dong sdng su6i bdc 4, song khdng phdi ddng chay ndo cung c6 the gay LQ-LBD, md phu thudc nhilu vao cac dilu k i ^ phdt sinh: Lugng mua, miic dp trupt Id, dp doc ddng dan, dp dai ddng ddn, dp doc vd di|n tich luu vvc Mdc du LQ-LBD dd xay qui khii, nhihig ddu vlt cua chiing van hien hi|n qua cdc vdt lieu dd tang, cudi sdi, ddu dn tan phd dpc theo thimg liing sdng sudi N.D Tiic va nnk/Tap chi Cdc Khoa hpc ve Trai Ddt, T ^ 37 (2015) Cdc phuong phdp nghiin cihi dupe sii dung cdng trinh la edc phuang phap: Dia chdt, tan kiln tao, dia mao, phdn tich viln thdm, bdn do, dja chdt cdng trinh, dia chdt thiiy vdn, hdu - thiiy vdn, GIS Co sd xdc dinh LQ-LBD Id sd li|u cua cdc dgt khdo sat thuc dia, s6 lilu di^u tra nhdn dan, so li|u ciia cac ca quan chuyin ngdnh thu^c cac tinh d Tay Nguyin Diin bien LQ-LBD if Tay Nguyin Do tdc dpng cua biln ddi hdu, nan chdt phd rimg vd cac tac ddng ciia ngudi den moi trudng, 1dm cho LQ-LBD ciing nhu nhilu lo^i hinh thien tai khdc ngdy cang gia tang, gdy thi|t hai ca vl nguoi va vdt chdt cang ldn Khd khdn rdt l(!m nghiin cuu LQ-LBD d nude ta ciing nhu d Tay Nguyen, la thieu nhChig sd li|u quan trdc vd so li|u ddc tnmg cho dd nguy hiim eiia LQ-LBD (liru lupng, tdc dd, thi tich, mat dp, ) Cdc tram mua cung thua thot, su phdn bd ciia chiing khdng nhdm muc dich cho nghien ciiu LQ-LBD Vi|c khdo sdt LQ-LBD ciing gdp nhieu kho khdn, cdc ddu vit cua chiing di lai cdn rat it, ddc bi|t Id m\rc nude 113 Vi vay, cac sd lilu dilu tra vd khdo sat tren thuc dia van chua the hi?n day dii biic tranh toan cdnh vl LQ-LBD d Tdy Nguyin Theo thdng kl chua ddy du, 50 ndm gan day, nude ta cd trln 100 tran LQ-LBD cd qui md loTi, Idm chet va hi thuong din hang tram, vai trdm ngudi LQ-LBD ngdy cang phdt trien manh ml, tii trdn a mdi thdp ky 50, 60; lln 11 trdn d moi thdp ky 70, 80; rdi din muc ky luc, 82 trdn d thdp ky 1991-2001 Tai Tdy Nguyen, Iheo s6 heu luu trii tir nam 1958 din 1989 chua ghi nhdn dugc LQ-LBD Tir ndm 1990 din ndm 2007 mdi ghi nhdn dugc 15 trdn LQLBD (bdng 1) Tir nam 2008 din nay, Tdy Nguyin da ghi nhan dupe 40 trdn LQ-LBD cd quy mo Idn (bdng 2) Anh hudng cua nhihig trdn LQ-LBD cung ngdy cang tang vi quy md, gay thiet hai den ddi sdng kinh ti va xa hdi: trudc nam 1990 co rat it sd li^u ghi nhan vi cdc trdn LQ-LBD; Tii ndm 1990 din nam 2007 mdi quan tr^ dupe 15 trdn LQ-LBD d cdc tinh Kon Tum, Gia Lai, Ddk Ldk Ddc bi|t tran LQ-LBD ngdy 16/6/1990 mua ldn tap trung lugng nude mua ldn vao hi chura d^g bdc thang phia thugng luu, gay vd ddp, 1dm chet 22 ngu£ri, trdi 22 nhd, 38 nhd khdc bi thiet hai tdi 70% tdi san, trdi cdu, 30 cdng, hu hdng 44km dudng giao thdng, thi|t h?ii khodng 3,4 ty dong t^ii Ddk Ldk Bing Th6ng ke cac trin LQ-LBD tgi Tay Nguyen (1990-2007) Sdng 11/06/1990 EaKar Krong Ana DikLik DikLik Krong Bong, Lik ho chiJra bjc diang 16/6/1990 DikLik DikLik Gia Lai DikLik DikLik DikLik CuM'Gar Buon Don 19/08/2002 10 11 12 13 14 15 Kon Tum Kon Tum DikLik DikLik DikLik DikLik Kon Tum Dik Glei 01/10/2006 Buon Don KidngNd Dik Nong 28/07/1999 19/08/2000 EaSup Dik Glei 17/07/1994 03/01/1995 TP Pledcu Dik Nong ChSt 22 ngudi; troi 22 nhi, ciu, 30 cSng; hu hdng 38 nha thiet hai 70% tii san; phi huy 44km dudng 18/05/1993 DikPek 06/08/2007 Krong Bong 06/08/2007 KrdngBiik 06/08/2007 Krdng Ning 06/08/2007 Cu M'Gar 06/08/2007 Kon PIdng 01/11/2007 ngudi chet; 450m kenh muong bj vd, 3.250 Ida, hoa mau, 1.046 nha bj ngjip ngudi ch^L 11 nguoi chet, ngudi mat tich; s|p bing trim nhi, oglp 600 nha; pha buy nhieu km dudng lien xi, TL8; pha vd djip thuy I91; cuon troi 28 dip boi, m^t so cau b; hu hdng Tap chi Cdc Khoa hpc vl Trai Dat, 37 (2),: Bing Thdng ke cac Iran LQ-LBD tai Tay Nguyen (2008-10/2013) Bjadi C ^ ddng Thdi tiet Khdng mu^ E>ikMek3.DakChoang,DakGkn, E)ikMek Kon Tum Baosd9 Dik Ro Nga E>ikManh.xi Ng9cTu,DikTD, Kon Tum D i k To Kan Mua Idn Te Pen 2, xl Dik Trim, Dik To, Kon Tum Mua ldn Thdn 2, xi Sa Son, Sa Thay, Kon Tum Y a R a y Mun ldn Thdn Nhon Bmh, xa Sa Nfaon, Ea Tan Ro Nang Sa Thiy, Kon Tum Md Banh 2, E>ik Na, Tu Ma Rong, MdBanh Baoso9 Kon Tum KonHial.xaDikRoOng, £)ikHltat Baosd9 Tu Mo Rdng KonHial.xiDikRoOng, E)ik Cheng Baosd9 Tu Mo Rdng Ngpc Ning xi Dik Ro Ong, DikPn 1&2 Baosd9 Tu Mo Rong 10 TcX6TKmg.xaDakTaK3n, Dik Tia 2&3 Baosd9 Tu Mo Rdng 11 ThdnE>ikVin2.xaVinXudi, Diki^n Baosd9 Tu Mo Rong 12 Ling Tro, Vin Xuoi, Tu Mo Rdng, Nude Chira Baosd9 Kon Tum Dik Rang 13 Thdn Ning Nhd 2, xi E)ik Sao, Mua Idn Tu Mo Rdng TanBa 14 Tan Ba,xaT€ Xing, Tu Mo Rdng, Mua Idn Kon Tum Dik A Koi Mua Idn 15 Thdn5&6xi£>ikKdi.KonRiy, Kon Tum Kon Leng Mua Idn 16 Kon Leng, Ming Canh, Kon PIdng, Kon Tum DikPoNe Mua Idn 17 Thj trin Kon Plong, Kon Plong, Kon Tum DikSta 1&2 Mua Idn 18 Dik Mong Dik Trim, Dik To, Kon Tum 1&2 Mua Ion 19 Ngok Leng, Tu Mo Rdng, Kon Turn D i k T e r Sudi nhanh 20 Tu Mo Rdng, Kon Tum Mua Idn 21 Thdn Ngpc La, xi Ming Xing, EllkPsi Mua Idn U ^ Tu Mo Rdng 22 Dik Bia, TP Kon Tum Dik Wet Mua Idn 23 la O, Chu Prong, Gia Lai 24 la Diang, Chu Prong, Gia Lai laPuch la Diang 25 Thdn Blang, xa Chu Ngpc Krong Pa, EaBru Gia Lai 26 Hung Phu, xi Chu Drang, Krmg Pa, EaBlan Gia Lai 27 Thdn 2, xa Ayun, Mang Yang, Gia Lai D i k Cdt 28 Ling Bi, Uidn 6, tbba Mdk Den, t b ^ Mdk Tiang xa la Dom, Due Co, laKrel Gia Lai 29 CiiDrani.Kidng Bong, £)ik Lik Ea^an 30 Hang Ndm, Cu Drim, Krraig BMg, la Rong E>ikLik 31 Xi Ea Ehing Ea H'Leo E>ik Lik EaH'Leo 3 Mua Idn Mua Idn Mua Idn Mua ldn I&2 Mua Ion Mua ldn Mua Idn Mua Idn Mua Idn Thdi gian Iii 22/11/2012 Vo d | p lam chel ngudi 28/09/2009 Sa bdi Icmg v i t h ^ b$c 15/06/2011 Trdi ngam qua suoi 25/09/2011 ngudi chet 24/09/2013 S|p cau Hen TL675 28/09/2009 P h i huy toin bp n h i d thdn Md Binh (25 nhi) 28/09/2009 T h i ^ h^i Ida, 50m dirdng;hu h^i nha 28/09/2009 Trdi n h i , triu bd; ^ h a l u a ; ngirdi chit 28/09/2009 L i p I S h a l i j a , h o a i n i u , hu hpi uudng hpc 28/09/2009 l i p 10 lua, 100 m dudiig;trdi ciu Ireo 28/09/2009 Troi s i o lua, n h i bep, gia 28/09/2009 Troi 200 m^ ao c i ; chet ngudi 24/09/2013 S^p cau be tdng dudng hen x i 15/10/2013 Hu h^i dudng lien x i 24/09/2011 Trdi cau treo v i o x i Dik Kdi 9/2011 Lap rupng liia, hu h^i dudng 9/2011 P h i huy dudng giao thdng 9/2011 Lap rupng lua, hoa m i u 9/2011 9/2011 9/2011 Lap rupng lua, p h i buy dudng P h i huy dudng lien x i Lap rupng liia, p h i hiiy dudng 07/08/2008 ngudi chet, sgp cau Dik Wet 29/06/2011 Trdi ciu treo la , hoa m i u 29/06/2011 Trdi cau treo dan sinh la Drang, ng^p hoa miu 10/09/2011 T r o i m Q L ( l 0 m ' + cong) 10/09/2011 Trdi c d n ^ pha buy 30 m dudng, lap 10 canh tie 9/2011 Vui lap nhieu canh tic 12/06/2013 P h i huy 10 sin, 20 cao su, lin tr^, nhi; t h i ^ h ^ tydong 8/2011 Vili lap nhieu canh tic 8/2011 Pha huy dudng, lap nhieu 17/09/2013 Trdi 14 nhi, s ^ n h i , n g | p 650 nhi Ng§p cau Ea Khai QL14 N.D Tiic va nnk/T^p chi Cac Khoa hpc v l Trai Ddt, Tdp 37 (2015) 32 xa Cu Kbang, Ea Sup, Dik Lik Ten sudi Ea Khai 33 xi Dik Ngo, Tuy E)uc Dik Ndng Dik Ngo 34 Thdn B6k Wei vi Dmh K'rieng, xi Quang Tin, Tuy Diic, Dik Ndng 35 Xi Lpc Tin, Bio Lim, Ldm Ddng 36 Thdn 4, xl Ldc Die, Bio Lam, Lam Ddng Dik Wei 37 Xi Ti Ning, Don Duong, Lara Dong 38 Xi D ; Quyn, Don Duong, Lim Ddng 39 Thdn Phudc Thinh vi Hijp Thinh, Phudng vi xi Lit, Di L^t vi Don Duong, Lira D^ng 40 E}a Thp, xS Xuin Thp, Da L^t LimP^ng D^m Bri Dpm Boi Cap ddng Thdi tiet Thdi gian In Thiet hai Mua Idn 16/09/2013 ngudi chit, hang chyc canh tic hu hdng Mua ldn 11/5/2008 ngudi chdt, hu hdng cdng tiinh dang thi cdng '^ Mua Idn lS/9/2012 ngudi chet, bdi 14 ciu tpm Mua ldn Ong nude Khdng mua thuy dien Ti Ning D? Quyn Phudc Thinh 1&2 Mualdn Mualdn Mualdn Sudi nhanh I Mualdn Tir ndm 2008 d i n xudt hi?n rdi nhiiu bdo vd mua Ion klo ddi, theo thdng ke dd cd 40 tran LQ-LBD Idm t6n thdt ndng n l vl nguoi vd vat chdt d Tdy Nguyin Cy thi, ndm 2008 cd trdn L9-LBD d su6i Ddk Wet tinh Kon Tum vd sudi Ddk Ngo tinh Ddk Ndng Idm gdy sdp c^u Ddk Wet vd ngudi chit; Ndm 2009 can bdo sd da xdy trdn LQ-LBD trln cdc su6i dp 1-3 cac huyIn: Tu M o Rdng, Ddk Td (Kon Tum), 1dm chit ngu£ri, phd hiiy todn bp nhd d thdn Md Bdnh 2, nhilu ao cd, 21,5 hoa mdu, ed phi bj viii l4p, 150 m dudng giao thong bj phd hiiy, nhd bi dd; Ndm 2010 xay tt^n LQ-LBD d huy|n Don Duong (Lam Dong) 1dm ngdp cau vd v5 b6 mirang; Ndm 2011 dd xdy 18 trdn LQ-LBDtrIn cdc sudi ckp I3 d cdc huyIn: Ddk Td, Sa Th^y, Kon Rdy (Kon Tum), Chu Prong, Krdng Pa (Gia Lai), Bao Ldm, Anh I LQ quet t^i Kmt 1+950, xi Dik Na, Tu Mo Rdng Kon Tum thing 9/2009 (inh: Sd KH&CN Kon Tum) 16/07/2009 Trdi xe lam ngudi chdt 14/06/2011 ngudi chet, ngudi bi thuong ning Troi nha, 30 canh tac Ida, hoa miu 30/10/2010 Ngapciu, vd'kdnhmuong 30/10/2010 Ngip ciu, vS kenh muong 07/10/2011 D5 nhi kmh, nha ludi, ngpp hdng hoa miu Thi#t hpi nhidu 17/09/2012 ngudi chet Don DucFug (Lam Ddng) lam ngudi chet, ngudi bl thuang nang, 30 hoa mau, ca phi bi viii Idp, hang chuc dudng giao thdng bi pha hiiy, nhd hi viii Idp, nhd bi dd, nhilu cau cdng bi trdi; Nam 2012 da xdy trdn LQ-LBD trln cac sudi cdp vd c ^ d cac huyen Ddk Glei (Kon Tiun), Tuy Diic (Ddk Ndng), Dd Lat (Lam Ddng) lam chit nguoi, ldm trdi 14 cdu t^im; Nam 2013 bdo sd 10 vd 11 dd xdy tran LQ-LBD tren cdc sudi cap 1-3 d cac huy|n: Sa Thdy, Tu Mo Rdng (Kon Tum), Due Co (Gia Lai), Ea H'Leo, Ea Sup (Ddk Ldk) lam ngudi chit, ldm sdp nhiiu edu tam Ddc biet Id vu vo dap la Krel gdy Ifl quit san lap gan 10 san, 20 cao su, ldn tr^i, nha eua 122 hd, tdng thiet hai hang chuc ty ddng d Ldng Bi, , Mdk Den, Mdk Trang, xd la Dom huy|n Diic Ca (Gia Lai) (anh 1-4) Lu quet cudn trdi gan 20 m QL25 tai xa Chu Ngpc, Krong Pa, Gia Lai thing 09/2011 (inh: baogialai.vn) Tap chi Cdc Khoa hoc ve Trdi Ddt, 37 (2), J_18-126_, Anh Ld quel pha vo d^p tran tren suoi Dik No, a Dik Sao huyIn Tu Mo Rdng, Kon Tum (inh' TN3/T04 a n2013) Phdn bo khdng gian vd thdi gian xay LQ-LBD Dja hinh Tdy Nguyin bi phdn cdt manh, thdp dan tu bdc xuong nam d bdc Tdy Nguyin va thdp dan tir ddng bac xudng tdy nam nam Tay Nguyin Dp cao tuyet ddi thdp nhdt 100 m (thung liing sdng Ddng Nai) cao nhat Id dinh Ngok Linh 2.598 m Phan cat sau ciia dia hinh dao dgng 1501.200 m Muc phdn cdt ngang va phdn cdt sdu rit ldn chi phdi den ndng lugng tu nhien ciia dia hinh dan den cdc qua trinh trpng lire phdt trien manh Lu quet d c ^ ^ i p thdy di^n la Krel 2, xf la Dom, " Diic Co, Gia Lai thing 6/2013 (inh Viettiamnet.vn) Dgt thuc dia thang ndm 2012, chiing tdi da khdo sdt, dieu tra tai 109 diem trln cdc sdng, sudi d khu v^c Tdy Nguyin (hinh 1), phdt hien dugc 36 dong sudi cd ddu vit ciia cdc trdn LQ-LBD da xdy qua khii (bang 3) Kit hpp voi so lilu vl LQ-LBD dilu tra nhan dan, s6 lilu luu tea d cdc CO quan chuyin ngdnh d tinh Tay Nguyen (bdng 1, 2), cho thdy, khu v\rc sinh LQ-LBD thudng d thugng ngudn he thong sdng Ba, sdng Dong Nai, sdng SI San, song Ddk Krdng Cac trdn LQ-LBD xdy khdng dong diu teln cac lim vue va ciing khdng dong diu teln cdp ddng chay Theo thing kl LQ-LBD xay o ddng chdy cSp la 34,5%, ddng cdp Id 39,3%, dong cdp la 20,2%, ddng cdp Id 6%, Tdy Nguyin ciing Id thugng ngudn ciia nhiiu sdng Ion (sdng Ba, sdng Dong Nai, song SI San, sdng Ddk Krong) He thdng sdng Ba chay vi hudrng ddng, sdng Ddng Nai chdy vi hudng nam, sdng SI San vd sdng Ddk Krong chdy ve hudng tdy, tdy nam vl song Ml Kong Mdt sdng sudi a Tdy Nguyen d^it 0,5-0,80 km/km^ ldn han mat dp sdng suoi trung binh ciia mien niii cd nude (0,4-0,6 km/km^), h | sd udn khiic nhd Mac dil ddng chdy cap xdy mpt sd tran LQLBD, nhung nhiing trdn LQ-LBD ndy tap trung dugc lupng nude rdt ldn, gay ngdp lyt di|n rdng vd t6n t^i thdi gian dai Vi vdy, d^g tai biin tren cdc ddng cap 4, ciing nhu tai bien d ddng cdp vd cao han dupe xep vdo dang lu l\it thong thudng Mang ludi song sudi d Tdy Nguyin cd dac dilm CO bdn nhu sau: ddng chay cap cd chiiu dai ngdn tir vdi tram met din vai km, dp ddc dong chdy dat 5-15%, ddc bi|t cd ddng chdy cdp dat >15%, sd lugng dong chdy cdp rdt ldn; Ddng chdy cap phdn bd a dd cao thdp hon, thudng la khe niii d^g ch& V, chiiu ddi d^t ttr gdn km din km, ldn nhdt >6 km, dp ddc ddng chay 3-5%, thdm chi cd ddng dp doc done chay> 5%; Ddng ckp la ddng chdy Idn cd chieu ddi 2-6 km, ldn nhdt dat trln km, dp doc ddng chdy 1-3%, rdt it ddng cd dp ddc ddng chay >3% Syi phan bd khdng gian LQ-LBD cOng thi hiln khdng ddng diu d cac tinh, huy|n Trong sd^l trdn LQ-LBD da thdng kl va khdo sat diiu te'a dugc tii ndm 1990 din nay, cd 39 ttan LQ-LBD xay tinh Kon Tum (Sa Th^y: 3, Ddk Glei: 7, Tu Ma Rdng: 16, Kon Pldng: 7, Ddk T6: 3, Tp Kon Tum: 2, Kon Ray: 1); 18 trdn LQ-LBD d tmh Gia Lai (Mang Yang: 5, Chu Prdng: 6, An Khi: 3, Krdng Pa: Due Co: 1, Tp Pleiku: 1); 18 trdn LQ-LBD a tinh Ddk Ldk (Ea H'Leo: 4, Krdng Bong: 5, Ea Slip: 2, Cu M'Gar: 2, Krdng Ndng: 1, Krdng Buk: 1, Budn Don: 2, Ea Kar: 1), 3ttanLQ- N.D Tiic va nnkyTgp chi Cac Khoa hpc vi Trai Ddt, Tap 37 (2015) LBD a tmh Ddk Nong (Tuy Due: 2, Ddk Ndng: 1), 13 trdn LQ-LBD d tinh Lam Ddng (Da Lat: 2, Da Huoai: 1, Bdo L6c: 1, Lac Duong; 1, Di Linh: 2, Dan Duong: 3, Bao Lam: 2, Ldm Hd: 1) Hinh So didm khao sat LQ-LBD d tinh Tiy Nguyen Tap chi Cac Khoa hpc vl Trdi Ddt, 37 (2), 118-126 Bang Cac sudi da xay LQ-LBD vi cie thdng t vh cap ddng chay, chieu dii ddng chiy, dd ddc ddng chay, di$n tich liru vg'c dg ddc lini vyc ciia chdng TT Dja diem 3-5 3,3 30 SaSon X i Sa Son, Sa Thay, Kon Tum 30 2-3 148 Dik Pd Kd Xa Ddng Lpc, Dik Glei, Kon Tum 9,2 2-5 80 30-35 D i k Jo Xa Dik Pek, Dik Glei, Kon Tum 3-5 10.8 7,9 30-35 Dik Mar Xi Dik Krong, Dik Glei, Kon Tum 0,4 4-5 5,3 35 Tu M o Rdng Xa Tu Mo Rdng Tu Mo Rong, KT >10 3,9 30-35 Dik Chura 1 3,6 Xa Dik Chum, Tu Mo Rdng, KT 2,9 2,6 5-7 30 Dik Chum Xa Dik Chum, Tu Mo Rdng, KT 7-10 13,7 30-35 eikChum3 3,6 Xa Dik Chura, Tu Mo Rdng KT 51,9 8,4 2-3 20-25 Dik Ley Xa Ngpk Ley, To Mo Rdng KT 2-4 85 20-25 Dik Xo Rach 10 Xa Hieu, Kon Pldng, Kon Tum 2-5 11,3 25 Kon Liang 3,7 11 xa Ming Canh, Kon Pldng, KT 2,8 5-7 4,6 30 Kon Pldng 12 Thi tran Kon Pldng Kon Pldng, KT 5-7 1,8 30 Kon Pldng 1,9 13 Thi trin Kon Pldng, Kon Pldng, KT 10 12,6 15 D i k Kenoi 4,1 14 Thdn 4, Hda Bmh, TP Kon Tum 31,4 5,4 2-5 15 15 Xa Tan Binh, Mang Yang, Gia Lai Dik Ho Ndt 3,5 5-10 26,3 15 16 Xi Kon Dong, Mang Yang, Gia Lai Dik Minha 2,4 3-5 20 17 Xdm Mdi, Mang Yang, Gia Lai Dik Pokum 109 18 Xi Hia, Mang Yang Gia U i Dik Reng 12 2-3 20-25 la Puch 6,1 1-2 15,5 15 19 Xi la Bodng, Chu Prdng, Gia U i 11 2-5 43,4 25-30 20 Xa La Puch, Chu Prong, Gia Lai la Dmoiie 2,7 3-5 8,4 21 Xa la O, Chu Prdng, Gia Lai laToul 10-15 16,4 22 Xa la Mo, Chu Prong, Gia Lai Dpc L^p 3,4 3-5 10-15 23 Thi tran An KhS, An Khe Gia Lai Da Bang 3-7 2,3 30 24 xa Phu An, An Khe Gia Lai Dap B^n Tiit 5,4 2-5 11,4 20-25 0,4 25 xa Phii An, An Khe, Gia Lai Bung Bang 2-5 3,2 15-20 26 Xa la Rai, Ea H'Leo, Dik Lik Ea Thom 7-8 9,6 30 27 Xa Ea Sol, Ea H'Leo, Dik Lik Ea Chro Tao 8,6 13,6 10 28 Xa Ea Sol, Ea H'leo, Dik Lik Ea Ro Mui 12 2-3 11,8 20 29 Xa Hda Le, Krdng Bdng, Dik Lik EaGue 2.4 5-7 35 1,1 30 Lang Cu lin, Di Lft, Lam Ddng CdUn 5,3 2-3 8,8 35 31 Xi Ha Lim D? Huoai, Lim Dong DarLeu 2-3 6,1 20-25 5,1 32 Xi Dai Lio, Bio L^c, Lim Ddng Da Binh 5,2 2-3 4,9 30-35 33 Xa Gung Re, Di Linh, Lam Ddng Da R'Sar 7-10 0,8 1.2 15-20 34 Xa Lieng SRonh, Lam Ha, Lam Ddng DaTah 3,2 2-5 5,8 30-35 35 Da Xa, xi Lfc Duong, Lam D^ng Da Lang Blan 3-5 153 35 36 Xa Tan NghTa, Di Linh, Lim Ddng Lpc Chiu 1 >I0 30-35 1,5 Chii giii: C- cap dong chay iheo bin dd d|a hinh ti 1$ 1.50.000; L-chifiu dil ddng chiy (km); S- dien lich luu v\tc (km^) a"- dp doc ddng chiy; p"- dp doc sudn luu v\fc Vl thdi gian xdy LQ-LBD chu yeu do0 nhiing nhung mua Idn di kem bdo dd bg vdo khu virc miin Trung vd Tay Nguyin tir thang V din thdng X Theo thing kl co > 70% cdc ttan LQ-LBD xdy vao thang IX vd thang X Cac tran LQ-LBD cdn lai xuat hiln vao thang V din thang VIII (bdng 2) Vdo miia khd khong xay LQ-LBD, neu cd, LQLBD thuang xdy rateongnhihig biln eo dae biet, vi du nhu ngdy 22/11/2012 xdy Iii quet d ddng chdy cap sudi Ddk Mek la thi cdng kem, gay v5 ddp thiiy diln Ddk Mek t^i xd Ddk Nhoong huyIn Ddk Glei tinh Kon Tum Nguyin nhdn gay lu quit - Iii biin dd Trln CO sd nghiin cuu tinh hinh LQ-LBD (CD Du, 2000; N.X HuyIn, 2013; N.T YIm, 1999; Seko A.I., 1980), cho didy, nguyen nhdn gdy LQ-LBD teen mdt s6 khu virc thupc Tay Nguyin la tdng hgp cua cac ylu td: lupng mua Idn tap trung teong thdri gian ngdn, dp ddc Idng vd chiiu N.D Tiic vd nnk/Tap chi Cdc Khoa hpc vi Trdi Ddt, Tap 37 (2015) ddi dong ldn, miic dp Irugt Id teong luu vyc cao, dp doc vd di^n tich Itm vyc ldn (bdng 3) - Do mua ldn, t§p trung ttong thai gian ngdn: Tay nguyen Id mgt ttong nhiing khu vyc cd lugng mua Ion, vdi tdng lugng mua ndm 2.0003.000 mm Lugng mira trung binh thdng nhu sau: Thdng I, II vd thdng XII lugng mua 10°; chiiu dai ddng tir den 4km, nhimg ciing cd ddng chdy ckp cd chiiu dai ldn han nhu ddng Ddk Mar d xd Ddk Krong huy^n Ddk Glei (Kon Tum) ddi km Dd die ddng chdy cdp sinh LQ-LBD phi biin tir 2° din 5", mgt sd ddng den 10°; chilu ddi ddng tit den km Dp doc ddng chdy cap sinh LQ-LBD biin tit 2° din 4°, ddc bi|t dong Ddk Mdnha it xd Kon Dong huy|n Mang Yang (Gia Lai) ddc din 10°; chiiu ddi ddng tii din 11 km Dp ddc ddng chdy cap phd bien tir 2° den 3°, chieu ddi ddng tir din 12 km Theo so li|u thdng kl vd sd li|u kilm tta, khao sdt thyc dja nh&ng ddng chay cap I, va co dp ddc vd chiiu ddi ldn nhir tren thudng sinh LQLBD, cdn trln cdc ddng cdp 4, va cao han bien Id ngdp l\it, Iii l\it thdng thudng - Do miic dg trugt Idteongluu vyc cao: Phdn Idn di|n tich khu vvrc nghiin ciru la xdm nh^p axit, phun trao bazo va dd biln chdt Ddt da bj phong hod m^nh d^t dg sau 10-20 m, vo phong hod kiiu ferosialit va siaferit chilm han 90% diln tich todn vimg Khodng v$t ddc tnmg ciia kieu vd phong hod ndy Id: th^ch anh, gatit, gipsit, kaolinit hydromica, montmorilonit Sir cd mat ciia khoang vat montmonlonit rat nhay cam ddi vdi nuoc, quylt dinh dac tinh dl biln dang vd tan cua loai vd phong hod (Cue DC va KS, ban dd 1:200.000; N.Q Toan, 2000) Muc dp phan cat ngang va phdn cdt sdu rat Ion chi phoi den nang lupng tu nhiln ciia dia hinh dan din edc qud trinh trpng luc phat triin manh Cac dong chdy thudng triing voi ddi dap vo kien t^o Ldp phii thuc vat d ddy bi tan phd ndng nl, rimg gd nguyen sinh cdn rdt it Cac yeu tdteenkit hpp vcri mua ldn tap trung, gdy nhilu trupt Id ttong luu vue va tao vat lieu cho ddng chdy sinh LQ-LBD - Do dp ddc sudn luu virc Idn: Khu VUC Tdy Nguyen cd die sudn luu virc IO°-35° va cao hon, phy thudc vdo dia hinh khu vue Dp ddc sudn lim vyc cao tao diiu kiln cho tap trung nuac vd vdt li|u vdi qui md ldn cho ddng chdy smh LQ-LBD - Do dien tich luu virc Ion Lim vyc la Id phat smh LQ-LBD, vi vdy, di|n tich luu vyc ldn, hinh thai luu virc cdn dii Id yiu td thuan Igi cho dong chay phdt sinh LQ-LBD Diln tich luu virc cdp khodng 1,2 km^ din 10,8 km^ Luu virc cdp khodng km^ din 80 km^ Luu vyc cdp khoang km^ din 85 km^ Luu vyc cdp khoang 109 km^ din 153 km^ Vdi diln tich luu vyc cdp 1, vd ldn, hinh dang Imi virc can doi thudng sinh LQ-LBD, cdn tten cac luu vyc cap 4, vd cao han thudng cd luu lupng nude ldn, thung liing sdng rdng thudng sinh lu lyt, ngdp iing khu vyc rpng Kit lu^n Hiln tupng LQ-LBD thudng xdy manh ml, CO sure tan phd Idn, la motteongnhimg loai hinh tai bien dia chat nguy hiem Mdc du sd li|u thong kl mdi cho biet hiln trang LQ-LBDteongkhoang vdi chyc nam gan ddy, nhung muc dp nguy hilm vd tac hai ctia chiing Id rat rd rdng vd thyc sy la mdt nhimg dang tai biln thiln nhiln dnh hudng khong nhd toi an todn ddn sinh vd kinh ti Tai biin LQ-LBD xuat hiln nhieu nhdt d cdc khu vyc mien niii thudc tinh Kon Tum, tiip theo la cdc tinh Ddk Tap chi Cdc Khoa hpc vl Trdi Ddt, 37 (2), 118-126 Ldk, Gia Lai, Ldm Ddng va it nhdt la tinh Ddk Ndi^ LQ-LBD thudng phdt sinh trln cdc ddng chay c ^ 1, vd 3, (rin cdc ddng c ^ 4, vd cao hon bien la IQ luL LQ-LBD xdy t ^ trung vdo cudi mita mua hang nam (thdng IX, X) Hien tugng lu quet xay sy CO vd ddp hay xd lu tai mdt sd ho thuy dienthuy Ipittongmua mua anh hudng rdt Idn din phdt trien kinh tl vd xa hdi khu vyc Tay Nguyin Nguyen Xuin Huyen, Doan {Hnh Lam, Pham Van Himg, Nguydn Dang Tdc, Phan Ddng Pha, 20l3r H i ^ trang mdt sd tai bien dja chit dien binh khu vyc Tay Nguyen T ^ chi Khoa hpc & Cdng n ^ e Viel Nam, sd 17 n i m 2013 (660), 24-28, H i Ndi Ngd Quang Toan (chu bioi), 2000: Thuyet minh bin dd vd phong hda va trim dch D? tir Vi?t Nam, ty le l/I 000 000, Cue Dja chat v i Khoing sin V i ^ Nam, H i NdiNguyen Trgng Yem, Le Thi N^iinh, Doin Dinh Lira, Dao Thj Cac nguyin nhan chinh gay nln LQ-LBD trln mpt sd khu vyc thudc Tay Nguyin la cd lupng mua ldn, dp doc va chilu dai ddng chay ldn, muc dp trugt Id luu vyc cao, dp doc sudn luu vue cao va diln ti'eh luu vyc Idn LJlricam