Một số nhận định ban đầu về hiện tượng bỏ ruộng của người nông dân vùng đồng bằng bắc bộ nhìn từ góc độ tâm lý

MOT SO NHAN DjNH BAN DAU VE HIEN TUONG BO R U O N G CUA NGUOI NONG D A N VUNG DONG B A N G BAC BO NHIN TD GOC DO T A M LY Bii via si} dung sS lidu khao sal cua dd tai: Hi$n (irong bd ruqng cua ngudi nong ilin viing dong bang Bac So; Khia canh lam ly Vidn Tim ly hoc chO In, PGS.TS La Thj Thu ThOy Iim chu nhidm ThS, Nguyen Thi Phi/ong Hoa Phd Trudng phdng Phdng Tdm lyhgcxd hdi, Vien Tdm lyhgc T6M TAT Khdo sdt cita Viin Tdm ly hgc (2015) Irin 130 hg ndng ddn tgi xd, thi trin tgt ttnh Hung Yin vd Thdl Binh cho Ihiy: Niu nhu d mgi sd dja phuang khdc Irong vai ndm gan ddy hiin lugng ndng ddn bd hoang rugng ddi thgm chi trd lgi rugng ddt eoxuhtiang Idng manh Ihi a nhiing dig phuang lham gia nghiin ctiu ndy, Ird lal rudng ddt chi la htin nrgng ddc ihit khdng phdi Id hifn lugng phd biin Mgc dit khong trd lgi dat nhtmg hifn lupng bd rugng (Iheo nghia ngudi ndng ddn khdng sti dtfng rugng dil cua mmh de canh ldc) ngdy cdng trd nin phi biin Tir khda: Bd rugng: Ndng ddn: Nguyen nhdn Idm ly Ngdy nhdn bdi: 11/8/2016; Ngay duyil ddng bdi: 25/8/2016 M d d a u „ h „ ™ r ^ " t " ^ " " t ' ^J- ^''^" " " ^ ' ' * " ' ^ " S d i xuit hidn d nhidu dja phuong, di^m eh, co mdt so hp ndng din cdn Iim don t r i Iai rudng d i t Sd lidu dieu tra so bp eua Cyc Kinh te hpp tic v i Phit tridn ndngthdn ( i o i ) d i eho , ? „ l ^ ' , h r t , T ^ " Y " ' " " ^ '='"ã ' ' " ' ô " * •"*• '^ " • * " ^ ^ ' - " ^ P n g a nhiiu nnh thtah c i nude nhu Nam Djnh, Thii Binh, Thanh Hda, Ha Tinh Quang Binh v i nhidu tinh thinh khic Udc tinh, didn tich rudng b bd h o r ^ '"I r " " " i P i " ã"ô" 'ôOha/tinh, c i bidt nhu d Hii Duong, n L g Ydn s S ch len tm 200ha trd Idn va xu hudng niy cdn dang tidp tyc ing Dang chu « i TAPCHfTAMLVHOC, S6-9(210),9-2016 didn lich mi ndng din bd khdng chi bao gdm nhung \"Ung dit xiu, mi cdn cd ci nhOng didn tich dit Iam dirpc vu Ifla hoic Iam duac vu Ifla I vu miu (dan theo Ngpc Ld 2013) _ Trude tinh hinh dd, Vidn Tim ly hpc di thuc hidn mot nghidn ciiru tim hidu thyc Uang bd rudng cua ndng din vi cac nguydn nhin, die bipt li nguyen nhin tim Iy dan ddn hidn tupng niy Nim 2015, khio sit thuc tidn vd hien tupng bd ruprig da duac tidn hinh tai xa, thi trin tai tinh Hung Ydn vi Tliii Bmh Tong sd cd 430 ndng din dai didn cho 430 hp gia dtah da tham gia tra ldi bing hdi, Bdn canh dd, mpt sd ndng dan cdn duoc phdng vin sau Sd lieu khio sat dupc xfl ly ttdn phin mdm SPSS phidn bin 22.0 ^ Trong nghidn cflu niy, hien hrpng bd rupng duprc hidu rpng hon, bao gdm nhidu hinh vi khdng chi Ii bd hoang hay tra lai rupng, mi ci hanh vi cho thud/mupn rupng dit hay bin rudng dit Tdm lai, hidn tupng bd rupng duoc hidu Ii hidn tupng ngudi ed rudng dit nhung khdng su- dyng rupng dit dd sin xuat ndng nghidp ¥ 2, Ket qua nghien cihi 2.1 Thtrc trgng bd rupng * Cdc hinh thdc bd rugng ^ Tai cic xa khao sit, Uung binh moi nhin khiu duoc ehia khoing 1,5 sio dit ndng nghipp (540m^) vi ttung binh moi hd gia dinh miu chpn cd khoing sio (I.SOOm^) dit ndng nghidp cic loai,tt-ongdd chu ydu li dit ttdng lua Gifta cic xi, didn tich dit ehia theo diu ngudi khdng cd sy chenh Idch ding kd Trong tdng sd 430 hd gia dinh tham gia khio sit, cd 1/3 sd hp khdng tr\te tidp sfl dyng dit canh tie (bd rupng) dudi mdt sd hinh thuc nhu sau: - Bd hoang, khdng canh tic: 10,4%; - Cho ngudi khic mupn rudng: 17,9%; - Cho ngudi khic sfl dung rupng dit theo tung vy: 14,3%; - Cho ngudri khic thud rudng dit: 13,1%; - Bin hoic chuydn quydn sfl dung rudng dit: 8,1%; - Tra Iai rudng dit cho chinh quydn: 1,2% Trong sd cic hp gia dinh bd rupng, phin ldn cic hd gia dinh chi bd mpt phin rudng dit, hidm cd hd bd toin bd rupng dit duoe ehia Die bipt la d hinh thflc bin hoic chuydn quydn _su dyng rupng dit va trit Iai rupng cho ehinh quydn, khdng ed hp nio ttong mau chpn bin hoic tta l?ii toin bp rupng dit Trong sd hO gia dinh cd cie hinh thuc bd rudng, ttnng bmh mdi hp gia dinh bd TAP CHf TAM LyHOC, Sa'9 (210), - 2016 khdng canh tic (720m-');tt-ongdo 10% sd hd bd chua ddn I sio/hp; 47°/ sd hd bd tu - sao; 43% sd hd bd trdn sio ' ' * Dgc dtem cia rudng ddt bi bd hoang ^ Vd loji dit ma ngudi ndng dan thudng bd khdng canh tic chi ydu li dit ttdng lua Vd tinh chit dit, ttong phdng vin siu, ngudi dan cung nhu cin b^ dia phucmg thuomg cho ring cic minh dit xiu (phdn chua, ttung, bac miu ), dat d xa nhi, dit xen ket hoic didn tich qui nhd thudng bj bd hoang hoic cho ngudi khic mupn Tuy nhidn, sd lieu khio sit djnh Iupng cho thiy d mpt sd hp gia dinh, ke ei nhung minh dit khdng cd nhflng die didni bit Ipi iy vin khdng dupe chfl nhin cua chung ttyc tidp canh tic Khi dinh gii nguydn nhin bd rupng, it ngudi cho ring nguydn nhin xuit phit tfl tinh chit dit * Ode diim cua hd gia dinh bd rudng Cic hp gia dinh bd rudng (bd hoang, khdng canh tie, cho thud rupng ban vi chuydn quydn sfl dung rudng dit) tip trung d nhiing xa da nginh nghd gin ttung tim huypn Hiu hdt cic xi da nginh nghd (3/4 xi) ddu cd ty Id bd rupng cao ttdn dudi 50% DJc bidt xi Tin Quang, huydn Vin Lim, Hung Ydn cd gin 60% so hd bd rupng Chi ed 1/5 sd hd gia dinh d nhihig xa thuin ndng ?„ '"f-'-"™* ** ' ' "^y " " ' " ' ^^ "S^*" "Shd, gin trung tim huypn gin JL I' " ' " '"I! ' ^ • ' *!' 8'' ' " ' ' ''° ™*"S 8iOa nhflng xi thuin ndng vi nhflng xi da nganh nghe, gin trung tim huyen mdt lin nfla eho thiy: Khi cd co hpi lim vide khic, ngudi ndng din cing bd rudng nhidu hon • Xu hudng diin biin cia hifn tirgng bd rugng Bing 1: Hifn tupmg vd mic dg bd rugng & dia phuang C6 hi|n t i r ^ g n i y d-dja phirong kh6n(T? C i c hinh tiiAc bd ni$ng Khong I • Co hd gia dinh 1)6 jioanp toin lid ruonp dil Cd NSu c6 thi t i n g l£n hay giam di so vlA nam trirdrc Giam di Tiing Ifa 7,2 Co hp gia dinh bo hoang mpt phSn raong 72,0 3^ Co hd gia dinh cho ngirdi khac mir(m toan DQrapngdat Co hp gia dinh cho ngirdi khic mirm mpi phan radnp dat 28,5 63,6 TAP CHf TAM Ly HOC, Sd-9 (210), - 2016 Cd hp gia dinh cho ngucri khac mirpn limg 40,0 60,0 13,1 26,6 60J Cd hp gia dinh cho ngirdi khac thue loan _D2_njpngdii 47,6 52,4 6,4 24,6 69,0 Cd hp gia dinh cho nguoi khac thue mot phan dign tich radnp dat 45,8 54,2 9,9 27,1 63,0 Co hd gia dinh bin hoac chuyen quyen sir dung radnf dat cho nproi khac 6«,8 33,2 10,8 34,2 55,0 9- Cd hp gia dinh tta lai loan bo mong dil cho hpp tac xa 90J 9,7 5,3 34,2 60,5 10 Cd hp gia dinh tri lai mpt phAn rudng dit cho hpp tac x i 88,3 11,7 4,5 27,3 68,2 60 7nv " ™.^- " " " « '*' "^ *'^ P'"'™S WlSo sit diln nhu thd nio? h L « ""i"^™ ^^ ™ ••'*" " " ^ ^ '^ ""'"8 cho ring hidn tuang niy cd xu hmmg ting len so vdi nim ttudc (xem bing 1) Ndi cieh khac,thfo d L gii cua nguoi nong dan, cic hinh thuc bd rudng ddu cd xu hudng gia ting Trong ' p " ' ^ ' K - i " " " " " ^ ^ ô ã="" y ''"•• l^**^ 0" ^ hoang nlpng dit khdnf phi, la bidn song l,i li hinh thflc bd rupng cd xu h u ti^g m ^ n^i,' toL^^™',l'" - " ^ ^ '" ""ô P*"' ã*' "Suydn dit Cho n ^ thue/mupn toan bp rupng dit Ii xu hudng ngiy cing phd bidn ban khic mi kh2Ti^^°^? " ^ ' ^ ''•'"^ '*' """8 *^>' ™ '»'™g -^ho n.««m rudng dit ma khong lay hen ngiy cing ting, tham chi cd nhi edn cho ±dm ea tidn cay bua de nguoi khac lam rupng nhi minh O Nhin La - mdt xi thuin ndng, it cd h pn ttipng bo rupng nhat, song tir ed cic cdng ty gin dia phuone, men xi bd nghd ndng, di lim cdng ty -Jln^Zng ndy t ^ ^ ^ tft hau nhu cua nha nao thi nhd ddy cdy ddy di nhung gin Sy nhiiu nguM di lam a cong ty nenhifn luang cho thue hoge cha nhiing hd khdc cdy cOng tdng feô, ô/,,.ã (D.T.X., nfl, 47 tudi, xa Nhin La, bidn bin phdng Z s " f Mp phy nfl khac d xi Nhin La edn cho bidt: "Rupng dill cL k^dng Thing lay batky dong nap vdy md phdi tim ngudi di cho ddy Ttnh trang n^ ngi cang lan^ len clm co giam dl ddu'' (N.T.T., nfl, 53 mdi, xi Nhan' L!, b i n IZ Yen cung cho hay: 'WAa tdi cd sdo nhung ting cdy Id 3,4 mdu Ngud ta ™f (vg chiem) cay 2.4 mau, vu ndy (vg mia) ngudi u, cho thim mdu li tnau.B^gia^hieunhdgplcho ldm nhung tdiphdixem dd" (L.T.H nft 56 tudi, xi Toan Thing, bien bin phdng van siu sd 1) -Ndi liing Id mugn nhimg TAP CHf TAM LynpC, Stf (210), - 2016 73 :w"»sa n^wOT la cdng trd thic (co tinh chit Id biiu) Tru&c thi SOkg/sdo sau Ihi 40kg rdi gi& cdn 20kg Trd sdn hay khdng trd cung thdi, chti ngu&i cd ddt ciing khdng ddi hdi gi Cd nhirng nhd cho khdng md ngudi ta khdng them cdy, thdm chi cho 30nghin/sao md hp cung khdng caf (N.T.V., nam, xi Toin Thing, bidn bin phdng vin siu sd 2) Tflc Ii nhidu gia dinh khdng cd didu kipn hay khdng muon Iim rupng nhung vin mudn giu dit ndn cho ngudi khic muon/thud rupng dat, khdng lay tidn, thim chi li cho thdm tidn dd ngudi ta nhin lim Dudng nhu ngudi mudn cho muon rupng nhidu mi ngudi mudn muon rupng thi it Cho thud mupn rupng dat ttinh dupe su ling phi tii nguydn dil, song cho thay mpt nghich I^: ngudi cd rupng dit thi khdng mudn (hoic khdng the) su dung rudng dit, ngudi mudn sfl dyng rupng dit cd thd thieu rupng dat Nhu viy, cic hinh thflc bd rupng, cic hd ndng din tham gia khio sit chfl ydu Ii eho ngudi khic mupn hoic thud m^t phin rudng cfla minh Ci bidt cd mpt sd hp cho thud mupn toin bp dipn tich dit ndng nghidp cfla gia dinh Tri I^i rupng Ii hidn tupng ei bipt, khdng phii hidn tupng die thfl 2.2 Nguyen nhin tim /ji cua hifn tupng bd rupng Dudi gdc dp Tim ly hpc, chung tdi cho ting, hi$n tupng ndng din bd ru^ng cd mdi tuong quan chit chd vdi cic khia c?nh tira ly ci nhin vi tim I^ xi hpi, dd cd vin dd thii dd ddi vdi nghd ndng Sd li^u khio sit bing cho thiy: Trong eic mdnh dd vd thii dO ddi vdi ngh^ ndng, "muon Iim nghd khic cd thu nhip cao hon" cd ty Id ngudi eho 14 dflng cao nhit (63,2%); "khdng thieh Iim nghd ndng vi khdng cd co hpi giiu" cung dupc 43,6% sd ngudi tham gia khio sit cho li dflng Cd thd ndi ring, vin dd hipu qui kinh td cfla nghd ndng cd tic ddng tidu eye ddn thii dd cfla ngudi ndng din ddi vdi nghd ndng, tfl dd dan ddn hidn tupng bd rupng Bang 2: Ddnh gid cita ngudi ndng ddn vi nguyin nhdn bd rupng tgi dia phuong Ty II % Nguyen nhfin bd ru$ng Khdng diine i Khong thich lim nghe nong vi vat va, chan lam lay biin 38,9 Khong thich \im nghe ndng vi khdng cd CO hdi giiu Khong ihi'ch lim nghe ndng vi day la cdng vijc nhim chin, buon li 74 Diing 43,6 67,5 TAPCHfTAM LyHOC, Stf9 (210), - 2016 Khdng thich Iam ngh^ ndng %i nghi ndng khdng phit huy duoc hh "la ning cua hin tha- Mudn di thoii li, lap nghien g ihanh phd Muon lam nhimg nghj khae cd ttu nliip cao hrni 61.4 38,6 66,8 33,2 60,1 39,9 36,8 63,2 55,8 44,2 Mudn lam nhiing cdng viec nhin hon Mudn Um nhihig cone vife d.rgc id hoi coittpnthon Biim tmng binh cua ihan^ nguyfa nhan l3m iy 46,9 0,41 ^ve ra^ tim ly khdng thich lim nghd ndng di xuit hidn tu liu, d ei ngudi Wdn n h f " "^ P° : ^ ™» *-™81™ ^ nghS Wi^c ndn chung^di it ed S £ Sno MTkh? \ ' ™ " ^ »8h« l**^ ' ™ '»'™g -^ho n.««m rudng dit ma khong lay hen... tidu eye ddn thii dd cfla ngudi ndng din ddi vdi nghd ndng, tfl dd dan ddn hidn tupng bd rupng Bang 2: Ddnh gid cita ngudi ndng ddn vi nguyin nhdn bd rupng tgi dia phuong Ty II % Nguyen nhfin