Mức độ hài lòng với cuộc sống của người nông dân và mối tương quan của nó với hiện tượng bỏ ruộng

MQC DO HAI LONG VOI CUOC SONG CUA NGUOI NONG D A N VA MOI TUONG QUAN CUA NO VOI HIEN TUONG BO RUONG PGS.TS La Thi Thu Thuy Vien trudng Vien Tdm ly hpc T O M TAT Ket qud khdo sdt 451 dgi dien hp gia dmh tai huyen thupc linh Hung Yen vd Thdi Binh cho thdy nguai ddn co muc dp hdi long ehua cao ddi vdi cdng viec cua gia dinh bdn than, dieu kien san xudt gid ca vgt tu phuc vu ndng nghiep iigudi ndng ddn kem hdi long nhdl vdi gid cd vdl lu ndng nghiep vd gid bdn cdc san phdm thu dugc tir nghe ndng Ddy cung chinh la mot nhirng nguyen nhdn sdu xa ddn tai hieu qua san xudt nong nghiep thdp vd cOng Id nguyen nhdn ddn tdi linh Irang chdn rupng chdn nghe a ngudi nong ddn Ket qud nghien ciru cQng chi ro cd mdi luang quan giua muc dp hdi long vdi cdch thuc sdn xudt ndng nghiep cua gia dinh muc dp hdi long vai gid cd vdt tu phuc vu san xudt nong nghiep vd mirc dd hdi long vdi nang sudt thu dugc tir sdn xudt ndng nghiep v&i hien tuang bd rudng Mdi luang quan dd la khdng thudn chieu Nhirng ngudi cd muc dp hdi long cdng thdp vdi cdc vdn de neu tren ihi cd xu hudng bd rupng nhieu han Tu- khoa: Bf) rupng: Hien lugng bo rudng: Mi(C dp lidi long cua nguai nong ddn Ngdynhdnhdi VWlOl 6: Ngdy duyet ddng hdi 25/12/2016 ABSTRACT Re.sults of the surx'ey of 451 household representatives in districts of provinces of Hung Yen and Thai Binh show that people have low level of satisfaction with family work, themselves, conditions of production, price of agricultural materials etc in which the farmers least satisfied with the price of agricultural materials and the price of product obtained fi-om thai This is one of the underlying causes leading to low agricultural production efficiency and also the cause of the fad that farmers are gelling bored with farmland and their job Ihe results also indicate that there is a correlation belueen "the level of satisfaction with agriculural production method, the level of salisfaciion with prices of agricultural production materials, the level of satisfaction with productivity obtained from agricultural prtkJuclion" and "the phenomenon of abandoned farmland' This is a negative correlation TAPCHiTAMLVHOC, Sd'l (214) - 23 People Kith lower level ol satisfuction with the is.'aies mentioned above, tend to aban their farmland more Kc> nords: Abandoned farmland: Phenomenon of abandoned farmland: Lewi of.satisfaction of farmers Dat van Ac Bd ruong la hicn tuong ngudi ndng dan cd rudng dat nhung khdng eanh tac ircn manli rupng cua minh Ho cd the bd hoang tra rudng ban rudng, eho Ihuc loan bd hoac mdi phan rudng dat cua gia dinh Ndi \c' vdn dd Bd Ndng nghiep \a Phat trien ndng thdn eho rSng cd nguyen nhan dan den hicn lugng ndng dan tra rudng bd rudng dat, bao gdm: thie-ii ngudn nhan lue lao ddng; chuyen nghe di lam viec khac; gia \ at tu, nguyen lieu phuc V u cho san xuat ndng nghiep cao, chi phi san xuat khdng tuong ximg \di san pham thu duoc; gia ban ndng san thiip hoSe khdng ban dugc ndng san thu nhap thap; dieu kien san xuat ndng nghiep qua khd khSn (thieu nudc, dat xau hd gia dinh khd khan, thieu vdn san xuat); anh hudng ciia qua trinh cdng nghiep hda dd thi hda (d nhiem mdi truimg tudi ticu) va chinh sach vc dat dai Mac dil ndng dan bd rudng \di nhicu ly nhung nhieu truimg hgp hanh \ i bd rudng the hien thai dp ciia ngudi ndng dan ddi vdi nghe ndng Trii nhtmg truimg hgp mat sire lao ddng bd rudng thucmg ddng nghia vdi vice ngucri ndng dan khdng mudn san xuiit ndng nghiep nira ma mudn kim cdng \ icc khac O gde dp lam ly mdt sd \cu td tam ly xa hpi nhu nhu cau thai dp doi \di rupng dat hanh vi sir dung rudng dat niem tin ddi vdi su phat trien ciia nghe nong nhan Ihiic ciia nguiri ndng dan sd hiru rupng dat cd the la nguxcn nhan dim ldi hicn lugng bd rudng Vi \ a \ nghien ciru nii\ chiing ldi xem xel thuc Irang mirc dp hai ldng edng \ ice cudc siing ciia ngudi ndng dan vii mdi lutmg quan ciia nd \ di hicn tugng bd rudng Miiu chon va phuong phap nghien ciru Nghien cim dugc ticn hanh tren 451 dai dicn hd ndng dan tai xa thupc hu>en cua linh I'hai Binh vji Hung Yen Irong dd mau djnh lugng la 4.10 ngudi va mau dinh tinh la 21 ngudi Phan bd mau nghien ciru djnh lugng dugc the hicn d bang Cac phuang phap sir dung de lic-n hiinh nghien ciru nii\ bao gdm: phan lich \ in ban tai lieu, dicu tra hang bang hdi phdng \ iin sau va'toan thong kc TAPCHITAMLyHOC, Sd (214), 1-2017 Bdng I: Phdn bo mdu khdch the nghien ciru dinh luang So l u t m g T> le % Nam 195 45.3 Nil 2j5 54." T i j u hoc THCS 224 52.7 THPT IJS 32.5 3.Trungcap C D D I I 6J 14.8 N h o m mau nghien cihi G i d i tinh Hpc van Khonp CO ihong tin Tir 22 - 45 tuoi 82 19.5 Tir - 5 tuoi 154 56.7 Tir 56 - 65 luoi 184 43.8 Khonp CO thong tm 10 Nhom liiui Hunu Yen 206 47.9 thai Hinh 224 52.1 1, Xii thuiin nong 221 51.4 Xa da nganh nghe 209 48.6 4J0 100,0 Tmh Xa Tone Ihang mite dp hai ldng \di cudc sdng vdi gia dinh ban than, vdi rudng dat dicu kien san xuiit \ ii each thuc canh tac cua ngudi ndng dan duge ihiel kc bao gdm 17 menh dc Kcl qua phan lich cho thay tat ca cac menh de eiia ihang na\ cd he sd luong quan vdi thang dao ddng tir 0,46 den 0,77 Theo ticu chuiin Cohen (1988) thi tat ca cac menh de deu dii didu kien va dugc coi la dii dp lin ca\ Kc\ qua phan tich dp lin ca> cua thang cho thdy \ c tdng thi; thang ed dp tin cay cao \ di he sd tin cay Alpha cua Cronbach lit 0.93 Kcl qua eho phep khSng djnh thang cd su dn djnh ben qua ciie tinh hudng khae dap irng ticu chuan ve luimg Ki;t qua phan lich nhan Id bang phep xoay Varimax cho thdy ed yC'u td dugc nil Tdng phuang sai giai thich eiia \cu td la 64.57% lire la ydu Id nil} giai thich dugc 64.57% bien thien cua dir lieu Xem xet ma Iran tuong quan cho thiiy vc co ban mdi menh dc deu cd mdi tuong quan dang kc vdi mdt yeu td \a tuong quan \eu vdi eac yeu td khae I u\ nhien cd menh Ai cd mdi TAP CHf TAM l y HOC, Sd' (214) - 2017 25 tuong quan > 0.3 \di yiu to Chiing tdi c5n cir vao dp ldn ciia he so tuong quan va tinh hgp 1\ cua ndi dung menh dd so vdi cac menh de > cu td de xem xet Dua tren can cii nhu \ay m?nh dd dugc xdp vao yeu td I va menh dd xdp vao \0u Id Nhu vay kdt qua tren da ehi cdu true phdn cua muc dp hai ldng d ngudi ndng dan nhu bang sau: Bdng 2: Ma Iran tuang quan cua cdc minh de vai yeu to (phep xoay Varimax) Cac yeu to Cac menh de 1 Cong viec hi?n tai cua cac vien gia dinh 0,873 Cuoc song hicn tai cua gia dinh 0,848 Sure khoe ciia cac vien gia dinh 0,815 Kinh te gia dinh 0,782 Dicu ki^n nha d cua gia dinh 0,765 Vice lam cua con/chau 0,722 Cupc song hipn tai ciia ban than 0,620 Sire khoe ciia ban than 0,526 0,510 Thu nhap cua ban than 0,520 0,503 10 Cong vi?c hi?n t^i cua ban than 0,443 0.507 0,652 11 Chat lugng dSt canh tac ciia gia dinh 0,750 12 Dieu kien san xuat nong nghi?p 0,712 13 Di?n tich rupng dat hi?n co cua gia dinh 0,657 14 Giaca vat Iir (giong phan bon thuoc bao v? thirc v^t ) ^huc vy san xuat nong nghi?p 0,S02 15 Nang suat thu dupc tir san xuSl nong nghi?p ciia gia dinh 16 Gia ban cac san pham thu dupc tir san xuat nong nghi?p zvz gia dinh 0,411 0,404 0,641 Dp tin cgv ctia toan Ihang = 0,93 sai ctia J yeu to niii thicli dugc Hf so KMO va kiem dinh Bartlett 0,92 (p0.3 26 TAPCHITAMLyHOC, Sd I (214), 1-2017 Ydu td (gdm 10 menh dS): Cac menh dd duge gom vao yeu to md la mire dp hai long ciia ngudi ndng dan vdi cdng viec hien tai, cupc sdng dieu kien kinh id, siic khde, thu nhap cua ban than va cae vien gia dinh Yeu td cd the goi la: Mirc dp hdi ldng v&i gia dinh va bdn thdn Rd tin eay Alpha eua Cronbach = 0,93 Y6u td (gdm menh dd): Cae menh da phan anh muc hai long ciia ngucri ndng dan vdi chdt lugng ddt canh tac dieu kien san xuat ndng nghiep va di?n tieh mgng dat hien cd ciia gia dinh Yeu Id cd the goi la: Mirc dp hdi long dot v&i rugng ddt Dp tin cay Alpha cua Cronbach = 0,74 Yeu td (gdm menh dc); Cac menh de dc cap den mire dp hai ldng ciia ngudi nong dan ddi vdi dieu kien san xuat gia ca vat tu nang suat Uiu dugc tir san xual ndng nghiep Yeu td ed the ggi la: Mirc hdi ldng vai gid cd vd cdch thirc sdn xudt nong nghiep Dp tin cay Alpha ciia Crpnbach = 0.77 Thang hicn tugng bd rudng dugc thiet ke vdi menh dc Cac menh de dugc the hien bdi cac hinh thirc bd rudng: Bd hoang khdng canh tac; Chp ngudi khae mugn rudng; Cho ngudi khac sir dung theo timg vu; Cho ngudi khac thuc rugng; Ban hoac chuyen quyen sir dung dat; Tra lai rudng cho chinh quyen Mdi hinh thue tren dugc danh gia theo miic dd tir khdng bd rudng den cd bd mdt phan hoSc loan bd rudng dat Mdt sd phep loan thdng ke duge sii dung dc phan tich sd lieu khao sal bad gdm: Phan tich md la, phan tich tuong quan, phan lich so sanh va phan tich hdi quy Ket qua nghien ciru vk ban luan a/ Thtrc trgng mirc hdi long ciia ngirai nong ddn doi v&i gia dinh, bdn Ihdn, rupng ddt, gid cd vd dieu kien sdn xudt Nhin bang ehiing ta cd the nhan thay, nhin chung ndng dan nhdm dugc khao sat chua th^c sg: hai Idng vdi cac van de lien quan den gia dinh, ban than, chat lugng dat canh tae cua gia dinh, dieu kien san xuat, gia ca va nang suat thu dugc tir san xuat ndng nghiep cua gia dinh Diem trung binh chung eiia: mire dp hai Idng vdi gia dinh va ban than la 2.42/4 diem; mire hai ldng vdi rupng dat la 2,40/4 diem; mirc dp hai ldng vdi gia ca va each IhOrc san xuat ndng nghidp la 1.98/4 diem Nhu vay, khoang diem dat dugc, cd the ndi mire dp hai Idng cua ngudi ndng dan ndm khoang lech trai nghieng ve phia khdng hai Idng nhicu hom dSc biet la miic dp hai ldng vdi gia ca vat tu cho san xudt ndng nghiep va gia ban cac san pham thu dugc tit qua uinh san xuat ndng nghiep d mirc rat thdp TAPCHITAMLyHOC, S d i (214), -2017 27 Bdng 3: Thirc trang mirc hai long ctia ngtrtJi nong ddn doivat gta dinh bdn thdn rupng ddl gid cd va dieu kien san xuat Npi dung So lirong Mirr hai long (%) K h a hai Rat hai ll Khiing long hai Iimg hai long long Hai long vih gia dinh va bdn DTB BLC 2.42 0,72 Cong \ ICC hien l^i cua cac \ icn gia dinh 422 11.8 44.1 28.9 15.2 2.47 0,89 Cupc spng hicn t^i cua gia dinh 423 10.2 44.7 29,8 15.4 2.50 0,87 Sue khpe cua cac thiinh vien gia dinh 424 11.3 31.8 37,0 19.8 2.65 0.92 Kinh te gia dinh 419 18.1 46.5 24,3 11.0 2.28 0.87 Dicu kicn nha o cua gia dinh 277 11.9 37.2 33,6 17.3 2.56 0.91 Vice t&m cua cpn/chau 413 17.7 36.6 27,6 18.2 2.46 0.98 Cupc spng hicn tai cua ban than 421 19.2 39.9 25,7 15.2 2.37 0.96 Sire khpe ciia ban than 421 25.9 29.2 26,4 18.5 2.38 1,06 Thu nhap cua ban than 419 28.6 41.1 22,2 8.1 2.10 0.91 10 Cpng \ tC'c hicn t^i cua ban ihan 415 16.6 39,5 24.8 19.(1 2.46 0.98 2,40 0,73 Clial lupng dat canh lac cua ma dinh 421 16.2 43.7 28,3 11.9 2.36 0,89 Dieu kicn san xuat nong nghiep 415 16.4 44,3 31,1 8,2 2.31 0.84 Dicn tich rupng dat hicn co ciia gia dinh 415 15.4 33,5 33.5 17.6 2,53 0.95 l,9S 0,66 Iliu liing doi vdi rupng dat Hai Iimg vdi giii cii vii cdch Ihuc san xuat nfing nghiep Gia ca vat tu (giong phan bon Ihuoc bao v? thvrc vat phyc vy san xuat nong nghtgp 420 56.0 28.6 10,2 5.2 1.65 0,86 Gia ban cac san pham thu dupc lir san xuat nong nghiep cua gia dinh 419 58.7 29.6 7.9 3,8 1.57 0,79 28 TAPCHITAMLyHOC, Sdi (214), 1-2017 Nang suat thu dupc tir san Kual nong nghiep cua gia dinh 414 21,2 41.1 29.5 8.2 2.25 0.88 Cach thiic san xuat nong nghiep ciia gia dinh hien 423 11,6 41,1 32,2 15.1 2.51 0.88 Ghi chti DTB dmrc linh iren thang mue irong dd I diem la Khong hdi long diem Id Rdt hdi ldng DTB cdng cao cdng the hi^n mirc dp hdi lung cao Phan tich kT hon vc muc dp hai long \ iVi timg mat dcri song cua nguoi nong dan chung toi nhan thay mac du muc hai long vcri gia dinh va ban than dugc ngucri dan danh gia voi diem so cao nhat yeu to nhung cung chi dat a nguong trung binh Phan tich nhan to cho thay co 10 menh de dugc chicl xuat vao yeu to co diem trung binh dao dong lir 2,10 den 2.65/4 diem Nhu vay, nguai nong dan co muc hai long khong cao doi vai hau het cac van de lien quan den cuoc song, gia dinh va ban than Trong do, dieu ma nguai nong dan chua hai long nhat la thu nhap cua ban than va kinh te cua gia dinh Dieu ciing co the dugc giai thich bai thu nhap co dugc lir san xuat nong nghiep cua ngucri nong dan la rat thap so \ai cac nganh nghe khac Trong nghien cuu thu nhap binh quan nam 2014 ciia nguai nong dan tham gia khao sat la 670.000d/nguai/thang (tir tat ca cac nguon ihu: trgt chan nuoi, buon ban lam thuc nghe phu ) theo uac tinh ciia nguofi dugc hoi, do, chi ticu binh quan theo ke khai cua nguoi nong dan lai gan gap doi so vai thu nhap (1.237.000d/ngu6i/thang) Trong cac muc thu nhap iCr san xual nong nghiep la khong dang ke Qua vice nguai nong dan ly khai muc ihu nhap lir cac cong viec dS dugc liet kc a bang nSm 2014 chung la co the hinh dung dugc rSng thu nhap lir cay lua la thap nhat so cac thu nhap khac ke den la thu nhap lir mau, sau la den thu nhap lir chan nuoi gia siic gia cam, lhu\ san Chi co nhOmg gia dinh co tham gia cac cong viec khac ngoai nghe nong nhu: buon ban, kinh doanh hoSc gia dinh co nhicu nguoi tham gia cac cong vice khac ngoai nghe nong: di lam thuc, lam cong nhan lam nghe thii cong my nghe thi mai CO thu nhap cao Nhung rat tiec r3ng so ho gia dinh co thu nhap lu cac cong viec khac ngoai nghe nong la khong nhieu Cu the la: 10/457 hg gia dinh co ihu nhap lir san xuat, kinh doanh lan 79/457 hg gia dinh co thu nhap tir cac cong vice lam thuc 31/457 hg gia dinh co ihu nhap tir buon ban nho Mirc hai long vai rugng dat ciia nguai nong dan (chat lugng dSl canh lac, dicn tich dai hicn co dieu kien san xuat ) cung khong cao (DTB ^ 2,40/4 diem) Trong khao sat nay, dicn lich dat binh quan/nhan khau ciia cac hp dugc khao sat la 540m7nhan khau (so lieu nguai dugc hoi lu khai vk dicn tich dk TAP CHf TAM LY HOC, S6' 1(214), I - 2017 29 hicn cd cua gia dinh) Vdi dicn lich thi cac hd gia dinh khdng cd nhicu ddt dai di san xudt Ben canh dd mdt sd dicn tich dat d xa ddt xen ki;t dat kem chat lugng song song ldn tai Bdng 4: i'oc tinh thu nhdp Irung binh ndm 20N lit cdc cong viec Nhfrng cong vi^c CO thu nhap ( % ) Cac cong MCC CO thu nhap Co L o c tinh Ihu nhap tir tirag cong \ i c c Irong nam 2014 Khong lutfl lira clion Thu nhap (nghin done) Cav Iiia 86,5 13.5 326 4.714 Tronp rau mau 32,6 67,4 115 6.828 Tronn cay 3n qua'ca> coim tigliicp 13.4 86,6 47 11.943 roriu cav canh 5.4 94.6 12 18.266 Cli'ui nuoi gia siic, jiia cam 42.8 57.2 134 9.658 NUOI ca nuoi ironp lhu\ san 11.7 88.3 32 11.362 Buon ban nho 10,3 89,7 31 27.661 X Lain thuc nhu: may th(;r \ i \ liiup phu MCC cho iiguiti khac, t^ia cong cho nai dai liiing lai \ c 25.1 74.9 79 42.624 4.4 95,6 10 84.700 10 Nghe thil cong my ngh? 2.1 97,9 8.500 11 Cong viec khac 16,3 83,7 11 50.204 Kmh doanh, san xuat Ion (chang han: lam xay \al gpo va ban gao cho cac dai ly, san xuat tieu thu COML; nghi?p nhu lam k?o, banh \ a cac san pham khac, lam may dap lien hi^rp \ quy mo Icm, dau l u lan dc cay bira cho nhicu dia pliuang ) Ndng dan khdng hai ldng nhdt doi vdi vdn dd gia ca vat tu (nhu gidng phan bdn thudc bao ve thuc vai ) va gia ndng san So lieu cho thdy, cd tdi 84.6° so ndng dan dugc hdi khdng hai long hoic it hai long vdi gia ca'cac loai Mil tu phan bdn, thudc tni sau phuc vu san xudt ndng nghiep Ban vd vdn ii na\ cd rat nhicu didu phai ndi ddn Theo Cue Kinh IS hgp tac va Phat trik ndng thdn, neu linh nam trd lai day gia gidng cay trdng ISng 2,5 ldn, gia 30 TAPCHiTAMLVHOC, S61 (214), -2017 phan bdn \ d co tang lan nhan cdng thue ngoai cung tang hon lan dd gia thdc chi tang 1.2 ldn (4) Diiu na\ at ddn tdi linh trang ngudi ndng dan ehan rudng Ben canh dd linh trang phan bdn chat bao \c thuc vat giii hoac kem chat lugng cd mat d khap cac dia phuong tren ca nudc lam cho ddi sdng ciia ngudi ndng dan \dn da khd khan lai cang khd khan hon (iia ban eae san pham tir ndng nghiep ciing la van dc khien ngudi ndng dan kem hai ldng nhai Trong nghien cim na\ cd tdi 88.3% sd ngutri dugc hdi khdng hai long hoSe il hai ldng vdi gia ban cac san pham thu dugc tir san xuat ndng nghiep cua gia dinh Chiing la biet rang Uong nhieu nam qua tinh trang dugc miia rdt gia van lien luc xa\ bat chap \'iee canh bao tir nhicu ngudn khac Hang loat cac Ihdng lin lien quan nhu: \ai chudi nhan long man dua hau tdi mia tdm eua tham chi ca ngd khoai san dugc miia nhung khdng ban dugc cho dugc lap lai hang nam ma chua cd ldi giai hiiu hicu lien tugng cung cd the giai Ihich duge bdi nhicu l\ khac Thu nhai cd the thay rang \ice lieu thu eac san pham ndng nghiep cdn dang thieu chuyen nghiep chua cd nhirng doanh nghiep Ihuc thu dirng bao ticu san pham Thir hai \ thirc tuan thii qu\ hoach dat dai tai dia phuong cua ngudi ndng dan khdng Idl Nguiri ndng dan lu phat trdng nhirng ea\ hoac nudi nhirng ma hg cho la cd the thu dugc lgi nhuan cao Vice canh tac hoac nudi trdng Iran lan at dan den vice khdng cd dau cho san pham ndng nghiep Va linh trang du thira cung vugt cau la kcl qua tiit \ eu xa\ I lai vi du ma PCiS I S, Vd Tdng Xuiin - chuyen gia nting nghiep dan tai Thdi bao Kinh doanh eho thay rd linh trang nguiri ndng dan chuyen ddi ea> trdng vat nudi theo phong trao thiiy cd Igi nhuan Idn (3) Vi du thu nhat d viing ndi tieng irdng lua va dau phdng (lac) tai Dire Hda (Long An) cd thdi gian rd Icn phong trao bd trdng lua \a dau phdng dd trdng cd Cau ehuyen bat ngudn tir vice mdt sd dja phuong lan can ctia Dire Hda lap cae hgp lae xa chan nudi bd sira \di nhu cau Ihu mua cd lam thirc an eho bd cang tang cao Dugc biet ban dau nhirng ngudi ndng dan o Dire Ida cdn ctii ca lua non dc ban eho cac htrp lac xa Den ngudn cung khdng dii cho cau ticu thu \ icc trdng liia lam thuc an cho cac trang Irai bd sOra cd chi phi cao gia tri va lgi nhuan lit vice ban cd lai cao gdp lan trdng liia nen hang loat ngudi dan lai day da bd trdng lua va chuyen hdn sang trdng cd Vi du Ihir hai cung tuong tu nhu va\ I a> Ninh vdn la \ iing quy hoaeh trting mia song thiiy gia cua I cay san cd the '"liri" bdng 4ha trdng mia TAP CHi TAM LV HOC Sd'I (214) I -2017 31 nhiing ngudi Udng mia da tu y chuyin ddi sang trdng sdn bdt chdp viec quy hoach eiia chinh quyen dia phucmg Nhu vi^ qua \ iec khao sat miic hai long cua ngudi ndng dan vdi cdng vice cua'aia dinh ban than, didu kien san xuat gia ca %ai tu co the nhan ihdx ngudi ndna dan cd mirc hai Idng khdng cao ddi s di tat ca cae van di neu trdn trone dd^diiu ma ngudi ndng dan khdng hai ldng nhat chmh la gia ca vat W ndng nihiep, eia ban cac san pham thu dugc tir nghe nong Vay muc hai ldng nly ed tae ddng nhu thd nao den hien lugng bo rugng o nguoi nong dan Dudi day chimg ldi se xem xc-t van de 6/ Thuc trgng bd rudng & nguai ndng ddn Kit qua nghien eiiu eho thdy ldng sd 430 hd gia dinh tham gia khao sal ed 1/3 sd hd khdng true tiip su dung ddt canh tac (bd rudng) dudi mdt sd hinh thirc nhu sau; - Bd hoang khdng canh tac: 10.4% - Cho ngudi khac mugn rudng: 17.9% - Cho ngudi khae sii dung rudng dat theo tirng vu: 14,3% -Cho ngudi khac thuc rudng dat: 13.1% - Ban hoSc chuyin quy en sir dung rugng dat: 8,1 % - Tra lai rudng dat cho chinh quyen: 1.2% Bdng 5: Ttnh litnh bd rupng ciia cdc hd gia dinh (%) Co hay khong? Cac hinh thirc bo rudng Neu CO thi bo bao nhicu? Co Khong M o t phan Bo hoanii, khons canh tac 10,4 89,6 90,9 9,1 Cho nRUoi khac nman ruong dat 17,9 82,1 86,7 13,3 Cho nguai khac sir dung rupng dat theo timg vg 14,3 85,7 91,7 8,3 Cho nguoi khac thue ruQng dat 13.1 86,9 92,7 7,3 Ban ho5c chuyen quyen su dung rupng dat 8,1 91.9 100,0 0,0 Tra l^i rupng dat cho chinh q u y l n 1,2 98,8 100,0 0,0 32 Toan bO TAPCHlTAMLyHOCSd' (214), -2017 Trong so cac hg gia dinh co bo ruong phan Ion cac ho gia dinh chi bo moi phan rupng dat, hiem hp bo loan bg rugng dai, nhat la hinh ihiic ban hoac chuyen quyen sij dung rugng dat va Ira lai rugng cho chinh quyen (xem bang 5) Neu co ban hoac tra lai ihi cac hg gia dinh chi ban hoac tra lai mpi phan khong co hg nao mau chgn ban hoac ira lai loan bg rugng dai Trong so hp gia dinh co cac hinh thiic bo rugng irung binh moi hg gia dinh bo khong canh lac (720m"); Irong 10,0% s6 hg bo chua den sao/hg; 47.0% so hg bo lir - sao; A3.()% so hp bo Iren Trong phong van sau, nguofj dan cung nhu can bg dja phirong ihucmg cho rSng, cac manh dai xau (phen chua Irung, bac mau ) dat cr xa nha dat xen k?t dat qua it ihutmg bj bo hoang hoac cho ngucri khac mugn I u\ nhien so lieu khao sal dinh lu^gng cho thay ke ca nhung manh dat khong co nhung dac diem bat lpi a\ van khong dugc chu nhan ciia chiing true tiep canh lac Loai dat khong dupc nong dan sii dung dc san xuat chii yeu la dat Irong liia c/ Tuang quan giua mice dp hdi long vai cupc song, vai gia dinh, ban thdn vdi rupng ddt dieu kien sdn xudt va cdch thirc canh lac cua ngirdi ndng ddn vd hi^n luang bo ruong Kcl qua nghien ciiu da chi rang, phan ldn nhung hg gia dinh hien tai khong su dung rugng dat vao san xual nong nghiep (co the bo mot phan/loan bp rupng dai; ho3c cho nguoi khac mupn mpt phan/loan bp rupng dat; cho thue ban'chu\en nhugng hoac tra rupng) deu chju il nhieu tac dgng ciia mirc hai long vcri gia dinh ban than, cong viec rugng dat gia ca vat tu va nang suat lao dpng tu san xuat nong nghiep va ngugc lai Ket qua nghien cuu cho thay nhung nguoi bo toan bg/mgl phan rugng dat hoSc nhiing ngucri cho mugn mgi phan/loan bg rugng dat deu co miic dp hai long thap hon voi each thiic san xual, nang suat thu dupc lir san xual nong nghiep \ a gia vat lu phan bon thuoc bao V? thuc vat Cac npi dung lai cung co tuong quan nghich hoac tuong quan thuan nhung thap vai cac hinh thiic bo rupng Xem xel moi luong quan ciia liing cap npi dung, chiing loi nhan thay: - Phan Ion nhung ngucri khong hai long \(Ti each thiic san xual nong nghiep ciia gia dinh ihi co xu huong cao linh Irang bo loan bp ho mgt phan rugng dat cho nguoi khac mugn toan bp hoac mot phan hoac timg vu rugng dat Mv s6 tuong quan ISn lupt la: r = -0,127, p < 0,01; r = -0,143 p < 0,01; r = - 0,147, p