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V'''' kien trao d6i 86 34 ndm 2012 MQT S6 NHAN X^T BAN DAU VE TĤ TC DON CUA HQC SINH BAN TRC TRONG TRU''''dNG TIEU HQC Tî Ll THANH P H 6 H 6 CHI MINH NGUYEN MINH GIANG* T6MTAT Bira dn cua hpc sinh trong e[.]
V' kien trao d6i 86 34 ndm 2012 MQT S6 NHAN X^T BAN DAU VE TH^TC DON CUA HQC SINH BAN TRC TRONG TRU'dNG TIEU HQC Ti^Ll T H A N H P H H CHI MINH NGUYEN MINH GIANG* T6MTAT Bira dn cua hpc sinh ede tru&ng tiiu hpe cd bdn trit a Thdnh phd Hd Chi Minh dugc thi hifn thdng qua thge dan hdng ngdy Trong thge ti thue dan eiia tru&ng tiiu hpc khdng rd dfnh lugng Tie dd ddn din rdt nhiiu khd khdn vifc ddnh gid chdt lugng bira dn eiia hpe sinh ede truang tiiu hpc bdn trii Tur khda: bdn tni, thyc dom, tmdng tiiu hgc ABSTRACT Some initial comments on menu of pupils at daycare primary schools in Ho Chi Minh City Pupils' meals at daycare primary schools in Ho Chi Minh City are showed in menu every day In fact, the menu is not specified in qualitative obviously This results in difficulty to evaluate meals of pupils in daycare primary schools qualitatively Keywords: daycare, menu, primary school Dat van de Hgc sinh tiiu hgc la ddi tugng ddc bift ddi vdi nhflmg ngudi ldm cdng tde dinh dudng Ddy la lura tudi md ca thi vd tdm li trd bit diu chuyin qua mgt giai dogn mdi rit quan trgng cho sy phdt triin ciia thi chit vd tinh thin Tuy ca thi trd phdt triin ch$m lgi vl m$t chiiu cao vd can n§ng so vdi nhflmg ndm diu ddi, nhung ddy lgi Id giai dogn md trd tich luy cdc dudng chit, hodn thifn cdc ciu tnic vd chirc ndng cua cdc ca quan ca thi, chuin bj tiin dh cho giai dogn phdt triin nhanh chdng thir hai cuOc ddi, Id Ilia tu6i dgy thi Vi v$y, vifc cung cap cdc chit dinh dudng cho trd cin phdi dugc chu y cho phu hgp vdi nhu ciu sinh li ciia ca thi ThS, Tm^ng Dgi hpc Su phgm TPHCM 128 Sdu tudi, tre vdo ldp Cdc chit dinh dudng cung cip hing ngdy cho trd qua thiire dn khdng chi dk tre phdt triin vl the chat, md cdn cung cip ndng lugng cho trd hgc t^p Vi v§y, dn uong hgp li d lura tudi ndy giiip tre khde mgnh vd phdng chlng dugc bfnh t§t Nhung d lira tuli tiiu hgc, nlu cho trd dn uong qud miirc sd din din thiia cdn vd bdo phi, tinh trgng ndy dang cd xu hudng gia tdng Uong nhQng ndm gin ddy, nhit Id d cdc thdnh ph6 ldn Ngugc lgi, nlu dn khdng du trd se bi cdi cge, hay 6m dau, h\ thiiu mdu, din din hgc kdm vd chdn hgc [1] Trd em Vift Nam giai dogn diu ddi cd t6c df phdt triin vugt trgi so vdi trd em cdc nudc khdc Tuy nhien, ti if ndy lgi gidm din dira trd ldn ldn, nhit Id luc din tu6i vdo tmdng tiiu hgc [3] rap chl KHOA HOC OHSP TPHCM Thanh phd Hd Chi Minh hifn cd 436 tmdng tiiu hgc, dd cd 239 trudng cd td chiic bua dn bdn tni [5], Qua khao sat thyc tl thi nhu ciu giri trd d giai doan tiiu hgc vao hgc ban tni rit cao, Tuy nhidn, phin ldn cdc trudng tiiu hgc dang qud tdi vl sd lugng hgc sinh cung nhu chucmg trinh dao tgo ndn chu yiu quan tdm din vifc hgc cua hgc sinh, cdn vin dl dinh dudng tmdng hgc cua sinh hgc ban tni chua dugc quan tdm nhiiu, Trong thyc tl, hiu nhu d cdc trudng tiiu hgc bdn tni khdng cd cdn bg phu trdch vl dinh dudng dugc ddo tgo bai ban, nim vflmg cdc ydu ciu vd dinh dudng cho hgc smh tiiu hgc Kit hgp vdi diiu kifn nhiiu tmdng tiiu hgc khdng cd bep dn, hfla dn cua hgc sinh dugc td chiic theo hinh thiire cdng nghifp ndn vifc dam bao vf sinh an todn thyc phdm vd chat • lugng eua dinh dudng rdt khd kidm sodt Hau qud ciia vifc thieu cdc chdt dinh duong mdi bOa dn se dnh hudng tdi su phdt Uiln tdi uu cua ca thi vd nlu keo dai se anh hudng nghidm trgng ddn siic khde, thi lyc vd thdnh tich hgc tap ciia hpc sinh D I tim hiiu bflra dn ciia hgc d cdc trudng tiiu hgc cd ban tni dugc td chirc nhu thi ndo, chung tdi tiin hdnh nghidn curu chl df dinh dudng cua mft sd tmdng lidu hpc bdn tni trdn dia bdn TPHCM Qud trinh thu thap so lieu Chl dinh dudng cua hgc sinh tidu hpc cd bdn tni phy thudc chu yiu vdo thdc dom hang ngdy d tmdng Thyc dan dugc ey thi hda qua bfla dn cua hgc sinh Do dd, ehiing tdi tiin hdnh nghidn cuu cac sd lieu lidn quan din thyc dom cua Nguyin Minh Giang mgt sd tmdng tiiu hgc cd ban tni trdn dja ban TPHCM Chung tdi thu thdp sd lifu d tmdng tiiu hgc, dd cd trudng tiiu hgc qude tl va trudng tiiu hgc cdng, Diu tidn chung tdi thu thdp thyc dom trdn giiy dugc thdng bdo cdng khai trdn ban tin ciia trudng, Sau dd chung tdi thu thgp hinh dnh tir bfla dn thyc tl dl so sdnh gifla bfla dn thyc tl vd trdn giiy ciia timg tmdng tiiu hgc, vd gifla cdc tmdng tiiu hgc dugc khdo sdt, Thyc don cua mdi tmdng sd dugc ghi nhdn lidn tyc mdt thdng, Tir cdc kit qud vd nhdn xdt ban diu nay, chiing tdi liln hanh thu thdp sd lifu mft sd tmdng tiiu hgc bdn tni khdc nam hgc 2011 - 2012, dl ddnh gia thyc trgng chl df dinh dudng va dua giai phdp ban diu khic phyc thyc trgng nay, Ket qud va thdo luan Cdc sd lieu vl thyc dan cua cdc tmdng trdn giiy dugc liy lidn tyc mdt thdng Phin kit qud chiing tdi minh hga cdc thyc dom cua cdc tmdng mdt tuin ciia thdng ndm 2011 CJ mgt hai tmdng tiiu hgc qude tl, hgc sinh dugc cung eip thyc don ddu thdng cd kem theo gid tiin tuomg iimg cua nhd cung cip, sau dd ty chgn mdn an vd ddng tiin tuomg img thyc dom da chgn Tmdng qude tl cdn lgi nghidn curu ndy thyc dom nhd cung cip sudt an cdng nghifp xdy dyng vd dugc bdo theo tuin hodc theo thdng, Ddi vdi tmdng tiiu hgc cdng tiii hudng bfla dn dugc td chiirc theo hinh thirc cdng nghifp, cdn mdt tmdng ty niu cho cdc em, Cdc sd lifu tiiu thap trdn tiiyc don cua tmdng tiiu hgc dlu cd mgt dilm 129 86 34 ndm 2012 y kien trao d6i chung: Thyc dom trdn giiy mOt ngdy gom bfla Id bfla tma vd bfla xe Bfla ti-ua cd tir din mdn Id: cam, canh, mdn vd trdng mifng Bfla xe thudng Id mdn dn nh?, Thyc don cho mgt luin bao gom rit nhiiu mdn dn vd it bj triing ldp cd thdng So lugng cdc mdn dn thyc don thi hifn sy da dgng vd phong phii vl cdc logi thyc phim nbilu dudng chit Trong khoa hgc dinh dudng, xdy dyng thyc dan phdi cdn cii trdn cdc nguydn tic nhu: cho ai, dg tudi ndo, miic lao dfng ndo, tinh trgng sinh li,., Tir cdc cdn cii dd, doi chiiu vdi nhu ciu dinh dudng khuyin nghj cho ngudi Vift Nam Bf Y tl phd duyft (ndm 2007) dk ldn thyc dom cho phu hgp Theo tidu chuin khuyin nghj vl ndng lugng vd chit dgm, d liira tuoi tiiu hgc cin miirc ndng lugng theo bdng sau ddy: vd chdt dgm a lira tudi tiiu hpc Bdng Nhu cdu ve ndng lugng Ndng lugng (Kcal) 1600 1800 2100-2200 Lira tuli (ndm) 7-9 10-12 Chat dam (g) 36 40 50 Bdng cho thiy nhu ciu vl ndng lugng vd chit dgm ti If thugn vdi dg tudi ciia trd d tiiu hgc, Liia tudi tudi cd nhu ciu thip nhit, sau dd Id liia tudi 7-9, sau cung Id 1012 Nhflmg ngudi xdy dyng thyc dom cho trd cin hiiu rd tidu chuin ndy dd bira dn cua trd cd du dudng chit, dii ndng lugng cho trd hogt dgng Cy the mgt ngdy, nhu cau vl cdc logi thyc phim cin dgt miic nhu quy djnh d bdng sau ddy: Bang 2, Nhu edu thue phdm mgt ngdy cho tre lira tuoi tiiu hpc y • • Ten thyc pham Protiin Trd - tuoi l.Thjt 2.Ca(tdm) Ddu phy Tning Chdt bpt du&ng Ggo Dudng Chdt bio Ddu (md) Vitamin vd khodng chdt Rau xanh Qud chin Chdt dinh du&ng tdng hpp 10 Sflra 50g lOOg lOOg 1/2 qud 70g 150g 150g qud 220 - 250g 10-15g 300-350g 15-20g 20g 25g 250-300g 150-200g 300-500g 200-300g 130 10 - 12 tudi •.1 II 400 - 500ml 1" • '1 - 400-500ml W^ fei Tgp chl KHOA HOC OHSP TPHCM NIU khdng cd diiu kifn chl biin nhllu logi mdn dn mdt ngdy thi cd thd tinh lugng dgm cua trd nhu sau: Cii lOOg thjt ngc tuomg duomg vdi I50g cd hodc tdm, 200g ddu phy tuomg duomg qua tning vjt hodc qud triing ga Nlu dn cac logi biin, miln, phd, khoai, ngd, sin thi phai gidm bdt lugng ggo di, Trong thyc dom ciia cdc trudng chi ghi la: bfla tma (com tring, thjt kho cu qua, canh bi xanh, gid xao, chudi cau) vd biira xl (nui thgp cim) nhung lgi khdng ghi rd la sd lugng mdi logi thyc phim la bao nhidu Nhu vdy, thyc dom ndy mdi chi dimg lgi d vifc lift kd cdc mdn dn cho hpc sinh timg bflra, timg ngdy khdng bj triing lap Do khdng thi tinh chinh xac dugc miic ndng lugng (Kcalo) vd cdc chit dinh dudng khde biia dn cua trd Hgc sinh tieu hgc mudn phdt triin * •y 9 Nguyin Minh Giang vay, thyc dom cua hgc sinh cin dugc xdy dyng dya trdn nhu ciu cd vd cd sy phdn chia phii hgp gifla phin dn d trudng vd d nhd Thdng thudng, ddi vdi lira ludi tiiu hgc, cdc em dn bfla la sang, tma, xl vd tii, Nhu vgy, doi vdi nhflmg hgc sinh bdn tni thi ngudn ndng lugng cung cip bfla tma vd bfla xl chilm khoang 50% tdng ndng lugng mdt ngdy Do trdn thyc dom khdng ghi lugng thyc phim cho mdi suit dn Id bao nhidu ndn khdng thi tinh dugc ndng lugng tuomg ddi cung cip eho cdc em cd du hay khdng, Dl kiim tra lugng thirc dn thyc tl, chiing tdi tiin hdnh khdo sat bfla dn thdng qua hinh dnh Qua thyc dom bing hinh dnh chiing tdi thu thdp so sdnh vdi thyc dom trdn giiy Cdn eii vao bdng khuyin nghi vl dinh dudng eho hgc sinh tidu hgc vd thyc dom thyc td cua cdc tmdng tiiu hgc [5], chiing tdi tdng hgp d bdng nhu sau: tot thi cdn dugc dn udng dii chat, Uanh tinh trgng thiiu hodc thira dinh dudng Vi Bdng Tdng hgp mue dp dinh duang qua khdo sdt thge dan \s^^Tieu chi Trudng\^^ Chat dam Chat beo Tmdng THI Tmdng TH Tmdng TH Tnrdng TH Tmdng TH + + + + + + -1-1- + + Chit bgt dudng + -1- + + + Vitamin va khoang chat + + + + + Chit dinh du&ng tong hgp - + + Ghi chu: Ddu (+): ed, ddu (-): khdng Bang cho thiy d hiu hit cdc thyc don ddu cd cdc nhdm chit dinh dudng ca bdn la chit dgm, chit beo, chit bdt dudng, vitamin vd khoang chit Ridng nhom chit dinh duomg tdng hgp chi dugc bl sung d tmdng tiiu hgc qude tl Nhin chung mdn dn Uong bflra dn d thyc dom trdn giiy vd hinh dnh cdc tmdng qude te giong nhau, sy thay doi cdc mdn dn bfla dn cua hgc sinh ggp nhiiu d tmdng tiiu hgc cdng Vifc tiiay ddi thyc dom ciia tmdng tiiu hgc cdng dugc 131 86 34 ndm 2012 y kien trao doi li giai Id nguon cung cip thyc phim tuin quyil djnh Khi xdy dyng thyc dom cd bo sung lugng thyc phim tuomg ling vdi limg suat dn thi vifc thay ddi cdc mdn dn tuin vln ddm bdo cung cap dli so ndng lugng cho hgc sinh mfl each dd dang Nlu vifc thay ddi vdn dam bdo sy da dgng, khdng triing Idp cac mdn dn, dam bdo du nguon dinh dudng eho hgc sinh thi khdng cd vin dl gi phai bdn tdi Nhumg trdn thyc tl, sy thay ddi hiu nhu cd sy triing Idp Rit nhiiu mdn m$n Uong bfla trua trdn thyc dan bao diu tuin dugc thay bing mdn tning chidn; canh rau ngdt va canh cai nggt dugc thay thi cho cde mdn canh khdc Cdn cdc mdn dn bfla xl dugc thay thi bdng xdi bode bdnh mi, Cdn cii vdo bua dn thyc td cua hgc sinh, chiing tdi cho ring ddy la mgt nhflmg nguydn nhdn dan din tinh Ugng hgc sinh d cde trudng ndy chi dn qua loa cho xong, Vdi nhflmg bfla dn don difu nhu vdy, rit nbilu hgc sinh bdn tni khdng thieh dn vd khdng dn hit suit dn ciia minh, Mdt khdc, Udn hinh dnh thyc thi lugng thirc dn ciia mgt hgc sinh mgt ngdy d trudng tiiu hgc cdng d$t suit dn cdng nghifp khdng thi dap iing dli nhu ciu ndng lugng tir 800 kcal din 1100 kcal, d tmdng tiiu hgc cdng ty niu dn cho hgc sinh thi lugng thurc dn nhiiu hom mgt chut Ddy Id nguyen nhdn dan din hdu qud cdc em s6 bj thiiu ndng lugng hogt dgng Khi tiin hdnh phdng vdn nhanh mgt so phy huynh cd hgc d cdc tmdng tiiu hgc cdng cd bdn tni vl miic ydn tdm ciia minh ddi vdi bflra dn cua ti-ong hudng, thi hiu hit dlu danh gid Id em minh dn khdng dii, 132 phy huynh thudng co gdng bii ddp phan ndng lugng thiiu hyt vdo cdc bfla dn d nhd v l thyc trgng bfl-a dn ciia hgc sinh bdn trii tgi mft so trudng dugc khdo sat, li gidi ban diu cua chiing tdi Id phan Idn dugc quyit djnh bdi so tidn hgc sinh ddng gdp cho mgt bflra dn bdn tni tmdng tiiu hgc qude tl so tiin dao dfng khodng tu 60.000-70,000 ddng/ngdy, d tmdng tiiu hgc cdng dao dfng tir 15,000 din 16.000 dong/ngdy So sdnh gifla tmdng quoc tl vd tmdng tidu hpc cdng vl so tidn ndy thi cd sy chdnh Ifch qud ldn Trong thyc td, gid thyc pham ngodi thj tmdng tdng lidn tyc, dd biia dn cua hgc sinh bdn tni Uong cdc tmdng « \ tidu hgc edng cdng bj gidm di ed vd so lugng vd chit lugng Ddi vdi cdc tmdng tidu hgc ddt sudt dn cdng nghifp cho hpc sinh, thi biia dn thyc tl so vdi thyc don dugc diiu chinh rit nhieu va phy thufc vao nhd cung cip Cdn d cdc tmdng ty niu cho hgc sinh thi tir khdu xdy dyng thyc dan, chuin bj thyc phim, chl bien mdn an, deu phdi ty tidn hdnh Ddi chidu hinh thiic td chiirc bua dn bdn tru cua hgc sinh tir thyc dan Udn gidy voi thyc dan thyc tl chiing tdi thiy cd sy khdc O trudng tidu hgc qude te, hdu nhu thuc dom Udn gidy vd thyc te khdng khdc nhau, cdn d cdc tmdng tieu hgc cdng dlu cd sy diiu chinh thyc don thyc tl so vdi vdi thyc dan Udn giiy Tuy nhidn, sy diiu chinh d tmdng dgt suit an cdng nghifp la nbilu nliit Sy diiu chinh ndy theo hudng gidm di cd vl chit lugng vd sd lugng thiic an y % ^ t ^ « ' Tgp chl KHOA HOC OHSP TPHCM Ket lugn va kiln nghf Nhdn dinh ban diu vl thyc dan bua an ban tni cua hgc sinh tiiu hgc khdng tudn theo cdc tidu chi vl xdy dung thyc dom chuin, khdng thi ddnh gia chinh xdc chit va lugng ciia bfla dn ciia hgc sinh Trong trudng tiiu hgc cdng thyc don trdn giiy va thyc tl bflra an cua hgc sinh cd sy thay ddi thi d trudng tiiu hgc quoc tl- dugc tudn theo mft each nghiem ngdt, Diiu ndy tgm thdi cd thi dugc li gidi Id s6 tiin dugc ddng cho mdi bua dn chdnh Ifch qud nbilu Bflra dn thyc tl d cdc tmdng tiiu hgc bdn Uii cdng ldp ddt suit dn cdng nghifp thudng bi trimg ldp mdn dn vd dom difu, ndn hgc sinh Nguyin Minh Giang khdng hiing thii vdi nhflng bfla an ban tni Trong thyc tl, bfla dn eiia hpc sinh bdn Uii dudng nhu dang bi thd noi lheo gid cd thj tmdng, phy thufc vdo miic df quan tdm cua ldnh dgo nhd tmdng vd cdch tl chiic bIp dn bdn tni, Nlu bfla dn cua hgc sinh khdng du dinh dudng thi cdc em khd cd thi phdt triin loan difn vd hgc tap tot dugc, Gidi phdp tmdc mil Id cin kiim tra nghiem ng^t vifc thyc hifn chl dg dinh dudng bfla dn ciia hgc sinh Ddng thdi, cin cd nhumg quy dinh rd rdng vl trdch nhifm ciia lanh dgo nhd tmdng ddi vdi cdc cam kit da thyc hifn vdi phy huynh vl vin dl dinh dudng danh cho hgc sinh bdn tni T A I L I $ U THAM K H A O 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, Trin Thi Minh Hgnh, Nguydn Thi Khn Hung, Trin Thj Hdng Loan (2006), "Didn biin tinh trgng till lyc eua tre em vd tiianh tiiilu nidn TPHCM qua cdc ndm 19992005", Tgp ehi Dinh du&ng vd Thue phdm, (1), Tg Thiiy Lan, Trin Thi Loan (2003), Sinh li hpe tre em , Nxb Dai hgc Su pham TPHCM Nguyen Xudn Ninh (2006), "Tinh Ugng vi chit dinh dudng vd tang tmdng d Ud em Vift Nam", Tgp chi Dinh dudng vd Thuc phdm, (2), Vidn thdng tin Y hgc Tmng uong (2001), Dinh dudng vd an todn thirc phdm, VDC media 2001 Thyc don cua cdc Uudng tiiu hgc: Nguyen Thanh Tuyin (Qudn 3), Tan Phii (Qudn 9), Phude Long (Qudn 9), Qude tl Ngdi Sao Nhd (qudn Tan Phii), Quoc tl AIS (Qudn 5) http://www.chamsocbe.com http://tieuhoe.info (t^giy Tda so^n nh$n dugc bii: 20-6-2011; ngiy chip nhin ding: 17-02-2012) 133 ... vl sd lugng hgc sinh cung nhu chucmg trinh dao tgo ndn chu yiu quan tdm din vifc hgc cua hgc sinh, cdn vin dl dinh dudng tmdng hgc cua sinh hgc ban tni chua dugc quan tdm nhiiu, Trong thyc tl,... dinh ban diu vl thyc dan bua an ban tni cua hgc sinh tiiu hgc khdng tudn theo cdc tidu chi vl xdy dung thyc dom chuin, khdng thi ddnh gia chinh xdc chit va lugng ciia bfla dn ciia hgc sinh Trong. .. thudng bi trimg ldp mdn dn vd dom difu, ndn hgc sinh Nguyin Minh Giang khdng hiing thii vdi nhflng bfla an ban tni Trong thyc tl, bfla dn eiia hpc sinh bdn Uii dudng nhu dang bi thd noi lheo gid