NGHIEN CUU - 1KAU uui KHUNG THE CHE, CHINH SACH VE BINH DANG GICll TRONG CONG VU VIET NAM HIEN NAY • • • HOANG MAI* Tiongbo^tdgngcdngvu, binb dingpdi dugc tbdhign dpbuongdi$n nam vinOed cung vi didx3 bgi, ddu cdeob0i,n^uavu,qity&ilgi ngangnbau (pii trinb tbuc tbi cdng Vflbeonbangnguygntienbitt^nlLMieddcbdngtadid^tdugcnbilngtbinbcdngiihit ^nb vigct^o lip khung thd cb^ cbinb sicb vg binb tiinggidi song vin edn nbdng kboingtrffng quy dfnbvi tbuc tlii dc quy dinh vg binb ding ^di cdng vgd VigtNam Gender equality in tbeptactiee ofthe dvU service is understood as the etpiallty between men and women in holding positions, tuxessingtoopportunities and benedts as well as assuming obli^tions in periotming the public duty based on tbe deBned rules Though an institutional framework and policies for gender equality are made, there have been lindtations In the regulations and implementation ofthe regulations on gender equality In tbe dvil service Nhiing left qui dpt dugc tiong tpo l$p kbung tbt chd, cliinh sich vd binh ding gifli tiong cflng vp Ding vi Nbi nuoc ta d i lufin quan tim vi timg bufic tao lap khung thd chd, ctunh sicb cin ttudt eho vide bio dim mue tidu binh ding gifii (BDG) ttong boat dfing cfing vu Didu dupe thd bidn ttong cic van kipn cua Ding vi pbip luit eiia Nhi nufic, nhu Nghi quydt sfi U-NQ/TW eua Bp Chmh 01 ngiy 27/4/2007 vd cflng tie php notiifliky diy mpnh cfing nghidp hfia, bidn dpi hfia dit nuflc Ngiy 18/01/2013, Ban Bi fliu efl vin bin sfi 55-KL/TW tidp die day manh tiiuc hipn Nghj quydt sfi U-NQ/TW eua Bp Chinh tti khfia X "Vd efing tic phu nfi thoi ky diy manh cong nglupp hfia, tudn dpi hfia dit nufic", ttong dfi ndu rfi: die bipt quan tam den nfii dung thue bidn nguydn t*c binh ding giaa nam vi nu vd dfi tufii B-ong quy hoach, dio tao, dd bat, bfi ntiidm, dghi huu Nam 2006 Nha nuoc da ban hanh Luat BDG nhim dat mue tidu xfia bfi su pbin bidt doi xu ve gifii Luit BDG da quy dinh rfi nfii dung BDG ttong Unh vuc cblnh tri: nam, nfi bulb ding ttong tiiam gia quin ty nhi nufie, tbam gia boat dfing xi bfii; nam, tti bmh ding ttong tham gia xiy dung vi '^vc hidn hutmg uoe, quy ufic cua cpng * TS, Hpe vien Hanh chinh CJuoc gia Ti!tPCH(QUANLtNHANU0C-S6252(1/2017) Q nvanicn \.u u - i nnv wt dinh vd tfing ghdp vin dd BDG xiy dung VBQPPL, gfip phin khing dinh vi ning eao hon nOa vai ttfi, tam quan ttpng ciia vin dd BDG ttong xiy dung vi thpe tiii phip lupt Cu the hfia nfii dung Luit BDG efing vu, Luit Cin bd, edngebucnim 2008, quy dinh "thue ttidn binh ding gifii" li rapt nguyen tic quin ty cin bp, efing chiie Luat niy d i cfi nhang quy dinh bio dim sp binb ding co hfii gia nhjp ndn cflng vp, bmh ding ttong eo hfii vd dio tpo, bfii duong, thing tidn vi phit tridn chiic nghidp Vd dp tufii tuydn dpng, tufii dp mydn cfing chiic dfii vfli ci nam vi nti tudn li nhu nhau, di dii 18 - 40 mfii Didu kipn, tieu ehuin ding ky dp tuydn cin bfi, cfing chiic (CBCC) Nhi nufic ban hinh khfing cho pbdp phin bidt gifli tinh ttong mydn dung Theo quy dinh eiia Thflng tu sfi Co quan nio quy djnb cbi nhpn hfi so nam 17/2014/TT-BTP ngiy 13/8/2014, coquan dd xuit xiy dung vin bin, ea quan lip dd bo?e ehi nhpn lifi so nfi, quy dinh tm tidn nghi Chuong trinh xiy dpng vin ban, eo dfii vfii nam gifii (hoic uu tidn na gifii) li quan chu tii sopn thio, cp quan thim dinh, ttii vfii quy dinh ciia Nhi nufic Vd CO bin, eic quy dinh vd quydn vi thim tta dp thio vin bin tbpc hidn vipe xem xdt phan ti'eh dd pbit hipn ttong Unh nghia vp eila efing cliuc nam vi cflng chiic vpc, quan hp xa hpi m i vin bin se didu nu li nhu hopt dfing cflng vp; cbinb cfi ning din ddn bit BDG, phin eic quy dinh vd dinh gii, khen thuflng, ky bidt dfii xii vd gifii Dfing thfii, Thfing tu lupt khflng phin bipt nam vi nfi; vide ip ciing quy dinh, thue hidn tfing ghdp vin dd dung cic hinh thue ky luHt efing ehdc BDG xiy dpng vin bin quy phpm na vi phpm ky luit vin Unh ddn giai do?n phip luat (VBQPPL), nhu: tfing ghep vin dd mang thai, nufli nhfi; quy chd bii BDG dd nghi xiy dpng VBQPPL, nhidm, bfi nhipm Ipi, luin chuydn, tu chiic, ttong soan tiiio VBQPPL, ttong tiiim dinh midn ttiiidm CBCC linh dpo, tufii bfi nhipm dp tiiio VBQPPL; tfing ghdp vin dd BDG lin diu eho cie vj tti linh dpo tu cip tiiam tra dp thio VBQPPL eua Vin traflng, pbfl phfing cip huydn vi tuong phong Chinh phil Ban thim tta dp thio duong trfi Idn cho ca nam vi na ddu nhu cila HDND dupe pbin cfing tfiim tta tbpc Khi tbpc hipn midn thi ngopi ngfl hipn vipe diim tta dp diao vin bin Ngiy ttong cic ky thi hoic xdt ning ngpch cflng 22/6/2015, Qufic bfii da tiifing qua Luit chuc, vidn chiie thi CBCC nu dupe giim Ban hanh \'BQPPL (Luit cfi hidu lue kd tu mfii so vfii nam gifii ngiy 01/7/2016) voi nhidu npi dung quy Chinh sicb tidn luong vi cie chd dfi php dfing hoic quy dinh, quy ehe cila co quan, tfi chiic; nam, nfi binh ding ttong vide tu ung eu vi dupe gifli ttudu iing eii dai bidu Qufic hpi, dpi bidu Hpi dong nhan din (HDND); nr ung cit vi dupe gifii thidu ung eu vio CO quan lanh dpo eila tfi ehiic chinh tri, tfi chiic ctiinh tri - xi hpi, tfi ehue ctiinh tri xi bfii - nghd nghidp to ehue xi hfii, tfi ehue xa hpi - nghd nghidp; nam, nu bittii ding vd tidu ehuin chuyen mfln, dfi mfii dupe dd bat, bo ntudm vio cimg vi tri quin ty, linh dao cua co quan, to chuc Luat eung xic dinh cie bidn phip tbuc diy BDG ttong linh vuc chinh tti, bao gfim: bio dim ty Id ttu'eh ding nfi dai bidu Qufic bfii, dpi bidu HDND phil hpp vfli mpe tidu qufic gia vd BDG; bio dim ty Id nu thich ding bo nhiem cie chuc danh co quan nbi nufie phii hop voi mue tidu quoc gia vd BDG Ti«lP C H I Q U A N LY N H A N U O C - S6 252 (1/2017) NGHlENCCfU-TRAOBdl cip cbi tta khfing phin bidt efing chuc nam vi cflng ehue na Vd cflng tie quy hoach cong cbac na lim vide ttong cic co quan nhi nufic: php na dupe eic eip chinh quyen tpo dieu kidn tiiam gia eic boat dpng xa bfii vi phit buy tfit vai ttfl tiiam gia quin ly nhi nuflc, pbin diu bio dim efl ty Id nu tiuch ding ttong eic CO quan nhi nuflc cic eip Ngiy 31/3/2016, Tbu difing Chinh phii ban hinh Quydt dinh sfi 515/QD-TTg phd duydt Dd i n thpe hidn bidn pbip bio dim BDG doi voi nu ein bfi, cfing chuc, vidn chuc (CBCCVC) giai doan 2016 - 2020 De in di dua eae nhfim giii phip nhim giim sp chdnh lech vd vi tri, vai trfi, didu kipn, CO hpi pbit buy nang luc giaa nu CBCCVC vfii nam CBCCVC quy hopeh, tao nguon, dio tao, bfii duong, bfi tri vi sii dpng tai co quan, to chile nhi nufic Tu giii phip ve ning eao nbin tbuc, ting eufing trich nhipm eiia ngufli diing diu vide thpe bidn cic chii traong, chinb sich eiia Ding vi Nhi nuflc vd BDG, chinh sich vd quy hopeh, tao ngufin, bao dim binb ding ttong bfi tri, su dung ddn ning cao ning lue eiia dpi ngu nu CBCCVC, ting cuflng cflng tic kidm tta vide tiipe hidn cflng tie ein bp np va BDG Thunhit, he tiifing VBQPPL quy dinh vd gifli vi long ghdp gifli eung nhu eic vin ban Udn quan ddn xiy dung pbip luit vin cfln chung chung, chua efl eic Udu ehi cu thd dd xic dinh van dd gifli, Ifing ghdp gifli Nhin thue eila mpt sfi co quan ebil tti soan thio luit, phip Idnh vd Ifing ghdp BDG ttong qui tiinh xay dpng VBQPPL cfin ehua diy du, ehua xie dinh li mpt quy trinh bit buflc, npi dung bio eio dinh gii cfin hinh thae sa sii, diii den mpt sfi cliinh sich tfin chua dupe lim ro truflc vi ttong soan thio, chit lupng vin ban cfln ban chd, qui trinh tiiim dinh, thim tra mfli tidp thu, ctiinh ly Trong mpt sfi dp in luit, chit tupng ciia vide ifing ghdp gifii chua eao Cfi dp in luit ehua xic dinh diy du vin dd gifli ttong giai dopn nghidn ciiu, chuin hi hfi so, ddn tham tta, thim etu ddn Qufic hpi thio luin, cho y kidn rfii mfli tidp thu, giii trinh, ctiinh ly, hoin thidn Ngufin tpe cho boat dfing dinh gii, ehuin bi bio cio tie dpng, xie dinh vin dd gifli cfin chua diy du: co quan soan thio ttudu chuydn gia gifli vd gifli, tiiidu ngufin lue vd tii ehlnh dd nghidn eiiu, ehuin bi bio eio Thuhai, hidn khung thd ehd ehua efl nhimg quy dinh eu thd vd ehd tii dfii vfii Khung tiid ehd, cbinb sicb vd BDG da cic CO quan khfing tbuc hidn diy dii cie gflp pbin quan ttpng vide ning cao quy dinh vd BDG tuydn dpng, su vai ttfl, vi tri eua nu CBCC cic boat dung CBCCVC Cie quy dinh vd BDG dfing cflng vp fi Viet Nam Ty Id na thuong mang tinh dinh huflng, khuydn cic eo quan cflng quydn di eing ting khich nhidu ban li nhang ring buflc, Idn, CO hpi thing tidn, phit tridn ttdn eon nhang quy dinh bit bufic phai thpe hidn duflng ehiic nghiep eua na CBCC di rpng Chinh vi viy, a mfit sfi eo quan, thfing bio tuydn dung ndu eu thd uu tidn mydn dung mfi hon so vfli giai dopn truoc MOt sfl h«n chS tnmg Uiung thd chC^ nam hoic uu Udn na fi cic vi tri tuydn dung Didu niy din ddn vin dd gifii tro chbih sic^ v< BDG tnaig n&i cflng vp Bdn canh nhung kdt qui dat dupe thi thinh lioeinttongvidegianhip cfing vu khung thd ehd, chinh sicb vd BDG Sfi Udu tu bao eio nghidn eiiu vd "BDG efing vu o Viet Nam vin eon nhiing ban ehd ttong mydn dpng vi bfi nhidm efing chuc nhit dinh: nu" Bfi Nfii vu vi Chuong trinh phit T/tP CHl Q U A N Lt N H A NUOc - Sd 252 (1/2017) N G H I I N C U U - T R A O BOI Thd nim, cie quy dinh vd nfii dung mang tinh bmh ding nhung thue hifn efi su khic bipt vd kdt qui giaa nam vi nO Vi dp nhir Didu 20, Nghi djnh sfi 18/2010/ND-CP ngiy 05/3/2010 cua Chinh phii quy dinh didu kidn dd cfing ehiic dupe cu di dio tao trinh dp thpe sy, tidn sy gfim "(1) Cfi thoi gian cfing tictiidii nim trd tdn; (2) Chuydn nginh dio tpo phii hpp vfli vi tri vide lim; (3) IChfing qui 40 mfii tiiih til thoi didm dupe eu di dio tpo; (4) Cfi cam kft tidp tpe thpe ttipn ntudm vp, cflng vp sau hoin thinh chuong ttinh dio taottongtiifii gian It nhit gip lin thfli gian dio tpo; (5) Cfl it nhit nim Udn tpe hoin tiiinh tfit nhidm vp" Diy li eich tidp cpn dupe si dpng ttong mpt thfli gian diifinufie ta dufii Thu ba, quy dinh vd BDG Luat hinh thue sii dpng cho cie chii thd "mpi CBCC mai dimg laifiquy dinh mang tinh ngufii", "ein bp, efing chuc, vidn ehiic", dinh tinh Do viy, tpo sp nhin thue vi "ngufli lao dfing" vi dupe mie nhidn ip eich hidu chua thfing nhit vd vin dd BDG dpng nhu dfii vfli ci nam vi na ttong qui trinh thue hifn xiy dung dpi ngii £>|nh hufing v i giii ptiip hoin thifn cfing chuc, vin eon tittii ttang ty Ip vi co eiu giaa nam vi na ehua dupe bio dim, khung thd chd, cliinh sidi vd BDG ttong vide thfing kd cic ehi tidu Udn quan nam, cflng vp 6t\adt Nam thfii gian tfli Thunhit, cin quy dinh rfl vd BDG ttong na ein bfi, cflng ehue thufing chua dupe ndn cflng vp Dfi li sp binh ding vd cp bfii, ehu y dung miie binh ding dinh gii, binh ding ttong Thu tu, vide tuydn ttuydn, ning eao dfing gfip vi binh ding thp huflng nhiing nhin thiic vd BDG, kidmtta,giim sit vide dflng gflp hopt dfing efing vp tiiue hidn tiid chd, chmh sich vd BDG vin Thuhai, nghidn eihi dfii mfii quy djnh ehua dip ilng ydu can Trong vipe dinh gii, vd dfi tufii tham gia vi chim dat efing vp quy hoach, tao nguon, bo nliidm, dinh kien cua cfing chiic nam vi na tren ea sfi cic d}c gifli vin lufln tfin tai, chua dupe xfia bfl didm vd thd chd, tim sinh ty, dfi tufii cua Nhimg dinh kidn nhu nu gifii khong efi mfii gifii, cin cfi nhimg quy djnh cptiidvd ning linh dao, quin ty, nu gifli khfing efi dp tufii nghi ehd dfi theo eic vittivide tira, ning dua nhfing quydt dirtii kip thfli, chuc danh nghd nghidp, bio dim phit huy tinh dfic lip ttong qui ttmh quydt dinh diy dii vai trfi cua nam gifli vi nu gifli tirong eiia nu gifli thip ehua thpe sp thay dfii cie hopt dfing efing vp m i nguyen nhin li vide mydn tinydn, ning Thu ba, ting cuflng tidng nfli, ting eao nhpn thiic vdtiidchd, chmh sach BDG, cuflng su tham gia ciia nu gifli vide cfing tic kidm tta, giim sit vd BDG cfin tpo tpp tiid ehd, cbinb sicb vd cflng vp ehua dupe tiipc bien dfing bp vi bifu qui nhim bio dim BDG pbip lu$t thpe tiien Lien ttidp qufic thue ttidn nim 2013 cho thiy, ttong eic ea quan binh ctunh nhi nufie tii eip huydn tfii cap tiimg uong ty Id cfing chuc na li 31,1%, ttong dfi na lanh dao chidm khoing 18,4% Nhiing nim gin diy, mac du sfi tupng cfing chiie nu efl ting nhung vin etii etiiem ty id khiem tfin so vfii cong chiie nam khfii ea quan bfi vi ngang bp chidm 23,9%; khfii cie coquan thufie Chinh phu, tfing cue ehldm gin 25%; Idifii eic CO quan chuydn mfin true thupe iiy ban nhin din eip tinh li 18,9%; khoi cie eo quan chuydn mfin cap huydn ehi ettidm 15,5% Didu dfl eho thiy, ludu qua tbpc thi thd chd, cblnh sich vd BDG vin ehua dip iing dupe mong dpi o TAP CHf Q U A N Lt NHA NUOc - S6 252 (1/2017) NGHl6NCUU-TRA0B