Phân tích yếu tố ảnh hưởng đến nghèo trong cộng đồng ngư dân ven biển tỉnh ninh thuận

Siiinct &T«knoIii;y Divilspmtil, Vol 17, Nii.Q4 - 21114 PHAN TlCH YEU TO ANH H U ' N G O t N N G H t O TRONG CQNG fiONG NOtT OAft ' " « VEN B i t N TINH NINH T H U ^ »« ANALYZING FACTORS AFFECTING THE POVERTY IN FISHER COMMUNITIES IN NINM THUAN COAST •, Ph^m H i n g Manh Tntanz Dai hoc Nha Trans - phmanhdhnt/^^mail cam , J -.,- Phan Vinh An Tniijmg Cao Hdng nghi Ninh Thit^ CBaiiih|nngAy02tii&igl0nain20l4.hotochinhsuachehiQgity 14lIiilng0tnBra2O15) 'i ^^^ TdM TAT ,10 Nghien cuu nhdm luttng hoa cac yiu 16 anh hwhig ttin linh Irflng n^i^'lrong e ^ d^ ngir ttan ven biin linh Ninh Thugn BSng vigc sir dung 1} thuyit vi nghio vd mo hinh kinh tilttttngnh^ 3inh giiS miic dg anh huong cua cdc yeu to nghiin ahi t&i Ilnh Irgng nghio cm hg gia dinh Kil qitS; phdn Ilch cho Ihay li I? h6 ngheo Irong cgng ding ngu ddn ven biin linh Ninh Thu^ cdn khd cao d:n^ • 10.6% NhOng yiu li Ihuc sir gdy linh Irgng nghio cho hp gia dlnh ngn ddn ven biin mkNhm Thudn bao gdm: thai gian di hgc cda chu h$ qui mo hg gia dmh nghi lu&i kio vd mAc OdgldltlMp I Clio md hinh Id 36.2% Kil qud nghiin ahi cUng chi rdng di cho h$ cd kha ndng cdi Ihi^-tlnh tri nghio cua minh, rdt cdn cd nhitng chmh sdch vi chuyin doi nghi gido due vd ddo Igo cOng nhu chtiM sdch ddn sd vd ki hogch hda gia dmh cgng ding ngu dan lgi khu wc nioi .: < : f ITi Tk khda: ngu ddn nghig, Ninh Thugn ^ ABSTKACT j This study aims lo quantify factors affecting Ihe poverty in fisher communities In Ihe cttdt't$X Ninh Thuan province Based on theories on poverty, we employed aa econometric model l&eslllndle Ihe ' impact of each factor on Ihe poverty of Ihe households We found lhat Ihe rale of poor housOiaUs remains high, al 10.6% Faclors causing Ihe poverty include householder's years of schooling, famify size, and net fishing business The model's explanatory capacity is 36.2% The resulls also show Ihal In order lo successfiilly combat Ihe poverty, il is necessary to Introduce career trgnslllon asslilanee policies, education and training as well as family planning lo Ihe fisher households Kxy words: Fishers, poverty, Ninh Thuan • (tvtndt Nmh Thuan la m§t ttoh ven biln thuOc vilng DuySn hai Nam Trung B^ cila Vift Nam Trung tam cia tinh li thinh phi Phan Rang Thip Chim nim cich Thanh phi H i Chl Minh cich san bay Cam Ranh khoang * ) tan, thli|n til" cho vi$c giao luu phit tri&i Idnh t l x4 hOi; eto tlnh NghSo dSi dang giim nhanh tgi ttoh Ninh Thujn Thiio cic s6 li«it th&ig U chtah 'i|gay vdi l i luoi^ thoc Ihic phim g i n 40 sin phim Ngan hsig The gidi goi ^ Ii dli s i plBic Igi - thudc chit luDi« cuoc sing v i dupc bilu h i ^ d mih: dm nhip hay muc cfai deu cua ho gia dmh Trong i«bien QUI vi Ihi di|p thong ttn, Ngan hing Thi gidi dua tten s i lifn vi cbi tteu Ii chmh vi cfao ling thu nhiR bin dlin nd khing phin anh ttpc t i ^ chfc hiong cupc sing nhi Ii du lieu, vi hon nDa cac h i gia Ifinh nhilu 1$ dniAng ke khai khdog iBy d i Ihu nhip Do m, ctain n^iio (ngheo tuyft diQ mi N ^ h ^ g dll gidi m ca cho cic nuic dang phit ttiin la I,25S/ngay va cic nuic phit ttiln li 2Siigiy dB> s i c mna nnng duong (WofU Bank, 2014) Tfi Vifl Nam, nghio ihoc Ihia nh|n flieo khii uiftB cua Oy ban kmh ^ - M h«i khu v»c chin A - Tliii Btoh Duong l i chic * Thii Lan uim 1993 Its Ii: nghio d i i H flnh ttsng mft b i pMn lOi cu khing cd kha ning dite m i l nhOng nhu cfci oo bin cia i^ifti nd nhdng nto ciu i y phu flrafc vio ttah da phit ttiln ktoh l l - u hfi, phmg luc tjp quin cna ling ving vi nhing phong IUC ^ duoc x i hji Biia nhto (Chhh phi, 20O3) Xufc phil lit tttah d$ pbit Iriln flue l l 1^ Vift Nam, Chtoh phu Vifl Nam oniinique vfi cfic tic gifi khfic (1999), Jonathan Hau^ton Shahidur R Kiiader (2009), Nguyin Trgng Hofii vfi d5ng nghiep (2006), Pham Hong Manh (20Ua, 20nb), Dinh Phi H6 (2013) Ttr nhOng nghien cuu th^c nghiem ciia cfic quoc gia tr£n thi giai, Ngfin hfing Th€ gidi (World Bank, 2005; Jonathan Haugjiton, Shahtdur R Khader, 2009) dfi xfic djnh cfic nhdm y^u t6 ccr ban anh hudng tdi tinh t r ^ g nghto ciia h$ bao gdm: Thu nhit, nhdm nhfin tt liSn quan d4n dfic dilm v£ing bao gSnu sv cfich bi^t vk dja ^ ^ h$i thilu h? tfing co sd; han che vi$c tiep cfin cfic lo^i Uij t n ^ g vfi cfic djch v\i xfi h$i, nguon ](ic co bfin nhu dit dai vfi chit lugng dfit dai, dilu ki^n t^ nhiSn (thdi tilt ), qufin ]•} nhfi nude vfi b^t binh dfing Thfi: hai, nhdm nhfin to ii€n quan din dfic difim ciia c$ng d^ng bao ghm: h? tSng co sd (di^n, nudc, dudng giao thdng X ph9n bo d^t dai, khfi nfing tilp c$n cfic hfing hda vfi djch v^ cdng (y tl, gifio dye) Thd ba, nhdm nhfin t6 lien quan din nhttng ^ dilm eiia hO gia dlnh nhu: qui md h$ gia dlnh, tJF 1§ phv thupc (phin trfim s6 ngudi tnidng thfinh khong cd ho^t ddng t^o Au nhfip), gidi tinh ciia chu hd, tfii sfin cua h$ gia dlnh: dit dai, phuong tifn sfin xult, nhfi cira , ty 16 cd vi|c Ifim cua nhthig thfinh vi6n trudng thfinh hd, l09i vi§c Ifim chinh, ^ lfim hay lfim diuS vft tiieo ngu6n thu nhfip chinh ciia h^ trinh dd hgc vln tnmg binh cua h$ Thu tu, nhihig djc dilm cua chii h§: tuoi, gifio dye (s6 nftm di hpc, bfing cap cao nhat), vi0c Ifim (tinh tr?ng vifc Ifim, loji cong vi?c) T r a n g 48 dfin t$c (cd hay Ididng cd thnOc nhdm tiiiin sS) ^ , &ik^ ^ 1* Nhu vfiy, bien so n^tfio cua Ii§ g n (Knh mdt hfim phy thupc vfio i^tlu ylu t6 C nhdm ylu to anh hudng tdi tinh tr^ng ngit bao gdm: dftc dilm viing, ^ dilm cua c$i d^gj-djc dilm cua h$ gia dinh, iS^c dilm cdft chiJ hd Trang nghifn cihi nfiy, nhttng biln s6 < ^ trung cua h$ gia dinh ngu dfin t^i vdng vc^ bifn tinh Ninh Thu$n dupFc su dyng dl ^ n h ^ L kha nftng rcn vfio tinh tr^ng nghto bao g6m d$c dilm vl chd h9 g ^ ftinh nhu gidi tfnh,; tudi, tlnh tr9ng s i ^ khde,fiilnhd§ hpc vln, kuA nghifm cda chii h$ ho^t Sfi^ Ifi nhihig hp gia dlnh ngu dfin cfng ddng ngtr dfin ven biln tinh Ninh Thu|n tjp trui^ vfto nhdng h$ lfim nglii khai tiific hfii sfintiiAo,] gian til thfing 06 nftm 2013 din tiifing !2 nfim,; 2013 , J3 Nghifn cdu dfi tiln bfinh Idifio sfit cfic h9 ng^ | dfin ven biln t ^ Ninh Thu$n bfing phuong phfip|^l lly mSu djnh miic (quota sampling) d\ra trfn ti ] If tdng thi tfiu thuyln khai thfic ven bd ciia m ^ -j dja phuong t l i ^ Sd li^mg mSu dilu tia Ifi 300 hf gia dinh ngu dfin ho^t d^ng khai t M ^ I hfii sfin ^ i cfic # f^nidng cfla Ninh Tbu^n;"' j Trong 300 p l u ^ dilu tra d l i ^ Idifio s ^ sd' J T ^ c a t M A T TRI^N KfiftCN, T ^ 17, S^ Q4 • 2014 p i H ^ d m v l ^ M ^ ^ h ^ & ^ s f t dni« i ^ n f e ^n;ti(^ , MS ^ B b Idnfa t^ faVDg v l y & ^ ^ :j,+i) =efti+AJfi+~+PfcXt X e** SiQ'ra: C&ig tiiuc trfin cd ifal dugc vilt lgi nhu sau: 1-Pi Dodi: Pf Op X £^« " + 0„ X Efc Thi b@ s6 Odd via phuong trinh trfin, ta du^c: Cdng fliBc trto cfi •j nghifi ring vdi cftc ylu td khfic cd djnh, kfai ylu td Xk tftng Ifin mfit don vi till xfic suit n ^ ^ cfla mft fafi gia dinh sg chiqrin djdi td Pj, sang P,, Vfii cfich triln khai nhtt v|y chflng ta cd till mfi tfi nhdng kjch bfin cho cfic yin ^ finh hudng din kfafi r ^ g mfi mft hf nri vfio nguOng nghto vfi tit dd cd till djnfa In^ig d i ^ cfic tftc dfing din svr fliay ddi cdc ylu ^ finh hirdng d l lfim giftm xftc si^t mfit hf roi vfio ngudng nghto Tir kit quft phftn tfch ti If nghto frong cfing ddng ngu din ven biln Nuih Tfaugn hifn tgi vfi td ctog fliire (3) se tmh tofin dirpc cfic kjch bfin xfiy xunh quanfa ti If n ^ t o nfiy dl cfi flil tiily rS hon vifc tiiay ^\ cftc ylu td khfic Ifim tfii^ hay gifimfr"If nghto tttmg cpng ddng ngu dfin nfiy l-Ri T r a n g 51 ScieDce ATechnology Development, Vol 17, No.Q4 - 2014 Kit qufi nghifin cun vfi thao lufin 4.1 Khfii qufit vl miu nghien cdu Nghien ciru da thu thgp thfing tin tii 300 hfi ngu dan Sau'khi Ioai cac phieu khfing dal yfiu cau nhu khong diln diy dii thong tin, sai dfii tupng nghien ciiu, sd lieu thong ke khong cfi tinh dgi difin mfiu sfi philu dgt chit Iugng su dung cho phan tich la 214 philu Cac dftc dilm vfi nhan khiu hpc va dfic difim kinh tl - xft hpi cua hfi gia dinh ngu din dugc thfi hifin qua Bang I Ket qua dilu tra cho thiy, hiu hit chd hp ngu dan Ift nam gidi (chilm 82,2%), tgp trung d dp tudi tir 33 den 52 (chilm 68,7%) vfi cd trinh dp van hoa thip Sd chu hg cd frinh dfi hgc vln tir mil chft den hpc hit cap hai chiem 90,2% Trong so nhflng hp dupc dilu tra hau hit chua dugc dao tgo nghe mgt each bii ban v i chi cd sfi ft chli hf da dugc dao tgo nghl nghifp So hf cfi bfing cap chuyen mon tmng hpc chuyfn nghifp, hpc nghe, cao dftng, dai hgc chi chilm 5,6% sd hfi dupc dieu tra Bfing Dftc difim cila chii hf gia dlnh ngu dfin D$ tu6i So l i r ^ g Tyll (%) Trinh 3q hpc vdn S6lifgng TJIf(%) (H« Dudi 32 tu5i 33 15,4 Kh6ng di hoc 35 16,4 Tit 33 dfri 42 68 31,8 C4pl 76 35,5 TCr43den52 79 36,9 Cap 82 38,3 TtSn 53 34 15,9 Cap 21 9,8 TSns 214 IOO T6ni! 214 100 Ngudn: Tdc gid ilnh lodn tir sS liiu diiu tra Hiu hit cftc hfi gia dinh ngu dan ven biln thu nhgp binh quan dfiu ngudi thufc difn hg tinh Ninh Thugn cfi quy mfi hf gia dinh Idn ngh^o (cfi thu nhgp tir 400.000 ddng trd Theo kit qufi dieu fra, cd 97,7% hfi gia dinh cfi xudng), 5,6% hp cgn nghto (cfi thu nhgp tir trto sd ngufii gia dlnh ttr thftnh vifin frd Ifin, 400.000 ddng den 520.000 ddng) vft 2,3% hf chi cfi 2,3% hfi gia dinh cfi sd ngudi tir hai frd khfi khftn (cfi thu nhgp td frfin 520.000 ddng xudng Bfin cgnh dd, kit quft dilu fra dugc thi den 600.000 ddng) hifin d Bang cho tiily, cfi 10,3% hf cfi miic Bfing Thu nhgp binh quftn dfiu ngufii vfi qui mfi hf gia dinh Thu nh^p (nghin d^ng/ngirtti/thting) Tfing Si luvng (h5) 22 Tylf 10,3 Til ngu&i Iter xuSng 2,3 12 5,6 Tit den nguiti 92 43,0 (%) Qui m6 h$ gia dlnh (ngirfri) TJlf (%) 2,3 Tit d^n ngu6i 90 42,1 175 81,8 Tten nguiti 27 12,6 214 100 214 IOO T6ng Ngudn Tinh lodn lit sd liiu diiu tra Trang 52 S^ lif^ng T^P CH! PHAT TRIEN KHACN, T^P 17, S6 Q4 - 2014 nam ttdi yia tS anh hudng m teh tryng nghto c(lng ddng ngu- dfin ven biln t^ Sab Niah Tba$n Dfi xfic ^ n h kfaa nfing m0t hp nri ™o difn n^ito n ^ n c(hi a t sij dyng mfi hinh hdi quy k ^ t dl udc lugng Trong cfic bifin ciia mfi fafaifa phfin tfch aS hju ylu a khfing cfi J n^Ta thdng ke d nuirc :^ nghifi 10% lfi bifin khofing cftch tii nhfi cda did hf din mmg tfim chp vfi kinh ngfai^ bopt d ^ kfaai tiiac cfla cbd faf Sau kfai Ioai cfic bien nfiy vfi tiiyc hifn pfafin lidi Iai, kit qufi dupc flifi hifn d Bfing Kfit qua pfato tich d m thiy, cfc biln sd dupc xean xfit hfiu bit cfic bito sd dfiu khfing cfi y n0wa fliraig ke d mdc J nghia !%, 5% vfi 10%, ngogi iru biln sfi qui mfi hf g a dBnh, nghl khai tfaftc bfing lufii kto vfi tbdi gian di hgc ciia chd faO Bfing Kit qufi mfi Wnh hdi quy logit vl tinh ttang n ^ t o cua hfi Biin phy t l n ^ : h$ gia dlnh K^ hi|n Hfs6 SJE Wald Df Sig ndttoOiaiiidito-ll Qui mOba eia dtah OUIMO 0,580 0,160 13,177 Th6i gian di hoc cOa chfi bd HOCVA CH -0,790 0,328 5,793 Niihl khai IUc bine lintl kio NGHE KEO -1,009 0.575 B -3,133 1,159 Hinesd S^guansdt 7.310 Exp 214 -aUiglikeUbiHxl 100J08 NageketkeRSauate 0J62 Hf sd cda cftc biln mang diu gm cd ngfita nlu cfie ylu ^ kfaftc khfing ddi, vifc tftng difm mft don vj biln nfiy se lfim gifim xfic suit roi vfio tinh &?ng n ^ t o ciia hf Hf sd cila cfic biln mang diu duwng Ifi nhflng ylu td Iftm tfing xfic suit nri vfio n ^ t o ddi nlu tftng thfim mft don vi b i ^ nfiy dilu kifn tit cfi biln cfin lgi lAdng ddi Ngupc lgi nfaBng biln cfi hf sd fadi qui cd diu fim (-) lfi nfaOng b i ^ Ifim gifim kfafi nftng dfi nghto cda hf gia ^Bnfa Tir faf sd tfie dfng bito (ebk), ti If ngfato tfairc tl t?! Ninh Tfaufin kit qufi bi€u ^ nhit &nfaSi^ fatlil bilt vd k l ht^di hda e ^ ^ i A Vfi^i^li^ t » ^ I d i ^ b a o vf sdckbde sfaih san cfto ^ u rdk Uni hai, gifio t^c lfi qude sfich hfing ^a, Ifi CO s$ tgo nto ngiorto ciia qudc g ^ vi v$y ^ tfafni iffihig chinh -sfich vfi gjao due mang tbih;fl^ &PB'hudng tm nhfing cgag ddng ngu # , ^ ' l » f t IfiiADng h§^4i£^ Kk qufi jMa tfdi c h p f ^ , flibi gian cB hpc dia ^ fad ed tfie d f i ^ tfefa cpc bii vifc cfii tiiifn tnih trgng n ^ ^ cda hf ^ iSnh ngu dfin Dieu nfiy cfing ^ ^ i t g l^db tam quan trpi^ ciia ^fio d|ic trcmg ^i&Ji ^Ecft ^fim i^hto hifn VI v|y, ddnh quyin dffi phuoi^ d n : (0 ^ mgnh cfing lie ttiyto t n q r ^ vd ^ qion trpng ciia gifio dpc vfi dfto lga dl c ^ d & ^ n h ^ flily iftig gi'fio dpc lu5n c6.feih fa«pi^ qam tr^ig tucmg Iai; 0 ^m h ^ Joiht bpc jAf vfi n u ^ mft sd k h c ^ ditog g