CAC MOI QUAN HE DONG TQC CUA NGUdl VIET TREN QUE H U O N G MC(I NGUT&N PHUONG THAO " Tdm tat: Bdi viei gidi thiiu mdt sdquan hi xa kdi dong tdc cua nguifi Viit tU viing dong bang di cU lin miin ndi sink sdhg Trong d&, ndi bdt len Id cdc mm quan ki huyit thdng, quan ki ldng giing vd quan k§ ding kUOng ChUng tdi chgn mdt sddia diim cda tink Hd Giang dikkdo sdt vd ngkiin ciht vi cdc mdt quan he ndy TU nhOng kkia canh diigc di cap, bdi viet se ldm rd htfn mgt nkitng dgc tink cOa ngiM Viit chinh Id tinh "nhank chdng tkick nghi", "thick nghi dipkdt trien" vd "tink kba dSn^ vdi mdi tnidng sink sdng mdi TU khda: Quan he ding toe; nguifi Viet; di cU; miin nui Abstract: Tkis article described tke relationskip with same-ethnic people of tfie Vietnamese migrating from tke delta to the highland Most noticeable are kinskip, neighbor relationships and fellow countryman relationships Through a study ofVietnamese in areas of Ha Giang, this article discussed important features of tke Vietnamese: quick adaptation, adaptation for development, and adjustment to tke new living environment Keywords: Ethnic-group relationship; Vietnamese; migration; tke highland Ngdy nkdn bdi: 10/5/2017; Ngdy su-a bdi: 15/6/2017; Ngdy duyit ddng bdi: 29/7/2017 Tnldc Cach mang thang Tam 1945, d cae tinh mifi'n niii ed r i t it ngudi Vifit (ngudi Kinh) sinh sli^ Phin Idn hg lfi nhQng ngUdi "sa ed 13 vfin" (nghfio ddi, trln tranh sUu eao thul nfing cung eae hu tue lang xa) phai rdi qufi hUdng de ehuyin efl lfin mien niii sinh song Trong dieu kifin kinh tl, giao thong mien nui rfi't khd khfin; tfldng quan dfin sfi' vdi cac tdc ngfldi thieu s i chenh I^h nfin phin ldn nhiing ngfldi Viet - hg phai nUdng tUa vfio eae eU dfin thilu s i sd tai; v^y, mfii quan hfi vdi nhflng ngUdi ding t§c tUdng dfii md nhat Tfl cudi nhiing nfim 50, diu nhiing nfim 60 eua t h i ky XX, Nhfi nUdc thiic hien dieu ehuyin dfin eU de phfit trien kinh tfi', mgt bd phfin khfi dfing ngudi Vi$t da rdi ddng bing, chuyen len miln nui sinh sfi'ng Ngofii sd' can bg, cfing chQc lam viec stf 7-2017 cae cd quan Nhfi nUdc, qufin dfii vfi cfing an thugc lUc lUdng vu trang, edn cd so ddng nifin nam nQ di lfip cac nfing, lfim trfldng cQng mfit iQdng Idn cac gia dinh ndng dfin chuyen cQ len theo chii trUdng Van ddng dong bdo miin xudi di xdy dUng vd phdt triin kinh ti - vdn hda miin ndi eua Chinh phu Khae vdi trUde nfim 1945, nhQng lan chuyin eU nfiy ngUdi Vi$t di theo t l chQc lfing xdm tUdng ddi ddng due, nfin su phu thufie vfio cae tfic ngudi thilu sfi' sd tai khfing ldn; ngUde lai, ed difi'u ki^n dl cung cfi' cac mfi'i quan hfi ddng tfic hdn Quan he ddng tgc dUdc hieu la cac moi quan he cung mfit tgc ngfldi; quan hfi ngofii tflc lfi eae mfii quan hfi giQa mdt ^ TS Giang vign Trudng Dai h9c Cong nghidp Hfi N6i NHAN Lin; KHOA HOC X A H Q I [ Q CAC M I QUAN H i DONG T Q C tgc ngUdi vdi n h i l u tgc ngUdi khac Dfii vdi bd phfin ngfldi Vifit di k h a i hoang d cae tinh m i l n nui, viee t h i l t lap cae mfii quan he ddng tfic lufin dfldc d l cao d l cung n h a u ehinh phue vQng dfi't mdi TQ thQc tifin nghifin cQu tai cac dia difim d tinh Hfi Giang gdm: xd Vinh Phuc (huyfin Bfic Quang - ndi t^ip t r u n g dfing due ngUdi Vifit d xfi Xuan Blc, huyfin Xufin TrUdng, tinh Nam Dinh); thdn My Tdn (xa Tan Quang, huyfin Bfic Quang ndi sinh sfing cua ngUdi dfin xa Nam My, huyfin Nam Tnic, tinh Nam Dinh); thdn Thudn Vi, xfi Bfich Thufin - ndi dinh cU cua cU dan huyfin VQ ThQ, tinh Thfii Binh); thdn Nd Cgn (xa Phu Linh, huy$n Vi Xuyfin - ndi dinh cU cua ngUdi Viet' xa Chfing Sdn, huyen Thach T h i t , tinh Sdn Tfiy eu, thufie Hfi Nfii) K i t qua khao sat ve cae mdi quan h$ ddng toe dUdc b i i u hifin trfin cae mfit cu the nhu sau: Quan h e h u y l t t h o n g Vige gfin k i t giQa nhQng ngUdi eiing qufi t h i hifin trUdc h i t la sfl g i n bd, nUdng ti^a giQa nhQng ngQdi cd ciing h u y l t thd'ng Khi cdn d qufi, quan h e h u y l t thfing cd the bi "phai nhat", da qua thfin quen; nhOng ddi vdi nhQng ngudi xa qufi, tinh cam vfi quan h e nfiy trd nfin quy gifi, thifing hfing, tQng ngfldi, tflng gia dinh phai ddi ra^t vdi nhiing t r i e trd vfi bd ngd ban d i u Tfl vific giup n h a u dUng nha, ban vige san x u l t , hd tr^ nhiing khd khfin, I m dau sau den nhiing vific ldn khac nhU: eon cfii dUng vd ga ehdng, ed ngudi mlt, luc a n h em ddng hg chinh la nhiing ngUdi hd trd d i u tifin Sau mfit thdi gian, tQ mfit s i gia dinh ban d i u da phat trien, ehia tach thfinh nhieu gia £ n h mdi, eae ddng hg cfing Q] N H A N L ^ KHOA HQC X A H O I dfing dfle Cu t h i : d xfi Vinh Phue, cac ddng hg dUdc hinh thfinh nhU hg Nguyin, Vu, Bui, T r l n , Le, Dinh, Do; dd, hg Nguyin dflde thfinh lfip sdm tQ nfim 1968 TQ nfim 1980 trd di, ddng hg edn lai dfldc thfinh lfip Vai trd eung n h u cac sinh hoat ddng hg ngfiy cfing dUde k h i n g dinh Cae ddng hg b i t d i u t l chQc eae sinh boat chung nhQ: gio to de nhd v l qufi eu Hg cd vai trd quan trgng vifc dinh hUdng chgn b a n ddi cua cai, Iihi cd dam cudi, dai difin ddng hg dflng r a lam eae thu tue cfldi, hdi Khi hg ed ngfldi mlt, nhiing nghi l l dau tifin thfldng ddng hg dam nhiem O xfi Vinh Phuc, mdi ddng hg cdn t r a n g bi mdt chiec t r l n g , cd ngfldi mfi't, hg dem trd'ng dfi'n d l t i l n dfla, t h i hifin long tile tfldng vdi ngfldi qua ed' Tuy cac gia dinh hifin da cd ddi sfi'ng kinh tfi', vi t h i xa hfii rieng vfi eufic sd'ng ngfiy khfing cdn qua khd khfin, t h i l u thfih n h u ngfiy dau mdi lfip nghiep, nhUng mfii ngfldi v i n tim t h i y vai trd cua dong hg mfit ngudn lUe t i n h t h i n ldn lao de giai q u y l t cae cfing viec thudng ngfiy, nhiing vUdng mfie mfi ban thfin khdng the giai quyet dUdc Hien nay, d xa Vinh Phue, dfi ed hg xfiy tQ dfldng Hg Vu ed tdi 75 gia (Unh, da ddng gdp xay tQ dfldng tai thfin Vinh An TQ dudng rdng 75m^, ehi phi xfiy dUng h i t 50 tri$u d i n g Hfing nfim, d i n ngfiy 15 t h a n g Ba, ca hg tap t r u n g ddng du tie'n h a n h gio to'^' Hg Lfi cd 40 hfi D i u nfim Tan Mao (2011), ddng hg k h a n h thfinh nhfi thd Ong Lfi Quang Ly (sinh nfim 1954) trfing eoi tQ "' Tac gia khao eat tai d ^ bfin nghign cflu, thang 12.2012 stf 7-2017 NGUYEN PHUONG THAO dudng cho bilt: '"Nfim 2011, ddng hg mua dfi't d l xfiy dung nhfi thd h i t 21 trigu ddng, ehi phi xay dflng he't 70 trigu Hifin nay, hg Lfi eon gfii ngfldi, dinh 31; gai di l l y chdng rdi vfin cd quyin vgng hg, nhfip hg O qufi Xufin B l c eung cd tuc le Trfin nfiy ddng gdp theo hfi, khdng ddng gdp theo dinh, ngfiy gid t l ehi lfi 13 thfing Hai hfing nfim"'^\ Hg Dd vdi 66 hg, fing D M a n h Cfldng (sinh nfim 1944) lfim trfldng hg D i t nhfi thd hg Ifi eua gia ^ n h dng Cfldng Cling to 50m2 Gio ho t i l n hfinh vfio ngfiy 15 thfing Hai hfing nfim d xd Tdn Quang, bd phfin ngfldi Vi$t ehu yeu qufi goe d Nam Dinh, Thfii Binh Sau lfin qufi mdi, cac ddng hg eo k i t vdi k h a b i n ehfit Mdt sd' ddng hg tifiu biiu nhQ hg T r l n , Nguyin, Hofing, Vu, Pham Trong dd, hai hg P h a m vfi Nguyen da xfiy dflng dugc nhfi thd hg Khae vdi efie trfldng hdp tren, d xd Phu Linh, d i l u ki^n it h$ gia dinh, lai song phan tan nfin ehfla cd ddng hg nfio dflng dflge nhfi thd, song sU gfin k i t giQa nhflng ngQdi Ifi a n h em, hg hfing ciing r^t b i n ch$t, vai tro cua ddng hg dUde de cao Ching ban, cd t a n g ma, cUdi xin, vai trd cua ddng ho t h i hign d vific dflng r a bfin bac, phan cdng traeh nhigm eho tQng thfinh vifin hg, vfi'n d l kinh t l tiing chii gia